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Ibrahim K, Thwood D, ELgheriani H, Salem M, Elgadiym Z, Zaghdani A, Alhudiri I, Habibi A, Elfahem A, Belaid S, Ermithi O, Almaghrabi M, ELmaryul A, Almadah S, Rayes A, El Meshri SE, El Salabi A, Elzagheid A. Prevalence of multi-drug resistant bacteria in intensive care units at Tripoli University Hospital, Tripoli, Libya. Libyan J Med 2024; 19:2348235. [PMID: 38718270 PMCID: PMC11080667 DOI: 10.1080/19932820.2024.2348235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Among hospitalized patients worldwide, infections caused by multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria are a major cause of morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to isolate MDR bacteria from five intensive care units (ICUs) at Tripoli University Hospital (TUH). A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted over a seven-month period (September 2022 to March 2023) across five ICUs at TUH. A total of 197 swabs were collected from Patients', healthcare workers' and ICUs equipment. Samples collected from patients were nasal swabs, oral cavity swabs, hand swabs, sputum specimens, skin swabs, umbilical venous catheter swabs, and around cannula. Swabs collected from health care workers were nasal swabs, whereas ICUs equipment's samples were from endotracheal tubes, oxygen masks, and neonatal incubators. Identification and antimicrobial susceptibility test was confirmed by using MicroScan auto SCAN 4 (Beckman Coulter). The most frequent strains were Gram negative bacilli 113 (57.4%) with the predominance of Acinetobacter baumannii 50/113 (44%) followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae 44/113 (40%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa 6/113 (5.3%). The total Gram positive bacterial strains isolated were 84 (42.6%), coagulase negative Staphylococci 55 (66%) with MDRs (89%) were the most common isolates followed by Staphylococcus aureus 15 (17.8%). Different antibiotics were used against these isolates; Gram- negative isolates showed high resistance rates to ceftazidime, gentamicin, amikacin and ertapenem. A. baumannii were the most frequent MDROs (94%), and the highest resistance rates in Gram-positive strains were observed toward ampicillin, oxacillin, ampicillin/sulbactam and Cefoxitin, representing 90% of total MDR Gram-positive isolates. ESBL and MRS were identified in most of strains. The prevalence of antibiotic resistance was high for both Gram negative and Gram positive isolates. This prevalence requires strict infection prevention and control intervention, continuous monitoring, implementation of effective antibiotic stewardship, immediate, concerted and collaborative action to monitor its prevalence and spread in the hospital.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled Ibrahim
- Department of Microbiology, Libyan Biotechnology Research Center, Tripoli, Libya
| | - Dalal Thwood
- Department of Microbiology, Libyan Biotechnology Research Center, Tripoli, Libya
| | - Hajer ELgheriani
- Department of Microbiology, Libyan Biotechnology Research Center, Tripoli, Libya
| | - Mohamed Salem
- Department of Microbiology, Libyan Biotechnology Research Center, Tripoli, Libya
| | - Zaynab Elgadiym
- Department of Microbiology, Libyan Biotechnology Research Center, Tripoli, Libya
| | - Ahmed Zaghdani
- Department of Microbiology, Libyan Biotechnology Research Center, Tripoli, Libya
| | - Inas Alhudiri
- Department of Microbiology, Libyan Biotechnology Research Center, Tripoli, Libya
| | - Abdulraouf Habibi
- Department of Microbiology, Libyan Biotechnology Research Center, Tripoli, Libya
| | - Abdurrezagh Elfahem
- Department of Microbiology, Libyan Biotechnology Research Center, Tripoli, Libya
| | - Saadeddin Belaid
- Department of Microbiology, Libyan Biotechnology Research Center, Tripoli, Libya
| | - Otman Ermithi
- Department of Microbiology, Libyan Biotechnology Research Center, Tripoli, Libya
| | - Mahmoud Almaghrabi
- Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Tripoli University Hospital, Tripoli, Libya
| | - Abubaker ELmaryul
- Medical Intensive Care Unit, Tripoli University Hospital, Tripoli, Libya
| | - Suad Almadah
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Tripoli University Hospital, Tripoli, Libya
| | - Abdunnabi Rayes
- Infection Control Office, Tripoli University Hospital, Tripoli, Libya
| | - Salah Edin El Meshri
- Department of Microbiology, Libyan Biotechnology Research Center, Tripoli, Libya
| | - Allaaeddin El Salabi
- Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Public Health, University of Benghazi, Benghazi, Libya
| | - Adam Elzagheid
- Department of Microbiology, Libyan Biotechnology Research Center, Tripoli, Libya
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Winther AR, Salehian Z, Bøe CA, Nesdal M, Håvarstein LS, Kjos M, Straume D. Decreased susceptibility to viscosin in Streptococcus pneumoniae. Microbiol Spectr 2024:e0062424. [PMID: 38958463 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00624-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Growing numbers of infections caused by antibiotic-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae strains are a major concern for healthcare systems that will require new antibiotics for treatment as well as preventative measures that reduce the number of infections. Lipopeptides are antimicrobial molecules, of which some are used as antibiotics, including the last resort antibiotics daptomycin and polymyxins. Here we have studied the antimicrobial effect of the cyclic lipopeptide viscosin on S. pneumoniae growth and morphology. Most lipopeptides function as surfactants that create pores in membrane layers, which is regarded as their main antimicrobial activity. We show that viscosin can inhibit growth of S. pneumoniae without disintegration of the cytoplasmic membrane. Instead, the cells developed abnormal shapes and misplaced new division sites. The cell wall of these bacteria appeared less dense in electron microscopy images, suggesting that viscosin interfered with normal cell wall synthesis. Corroborating this observation, a luciferase reporter assay was used to show that the two-component systems LiaFSR and CiaRH, which are known to be activated upon cell wall stress, were strongly induced by viscosin. Furthermore, a mutant displaying 1.8-fold decreased susceptibility to viscosin was generated by sequential exposure to increasing concentrations of the lipopeptide. The mutant suffered from significant fitness loss and had mutations in genes involved in fatty acid synthesis, teichoic acid synthesis, and cell wall synthesis as well as transcription and translation. How these mutations might be linked to decreased viscosin susceptibility is discussed.IMPORTANCEStreptococcus pneumoniae is a leading cause of bacterial pneumonia, sepsis, and meningitis in children, and the incidence of infections caused by antibiotic-resistant strains is increasing. Development of new antibiotics is therefore necessary to treat these types of infections in the future. Here, we have studied the activity of the antimicrobial lipopeptide viscosin on S. pneumoniae and show that in addition to having the typical membrane destabilizing activity of lipopeptides, viscosin inhibits pneumococcal growth by obstructing normal cell wall synthesis. This suggests a more specific mode of action than just the surfactant activity. Furthermore, we show that S. pneumoniae does not easily acquire resistance to viscosin, which makes it a promising molecule to explore further, for example, by synthesizing less toxic derivates that can be tested for therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Ruud Winther
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Zhian Salehian
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | | | - Malene Nesdal
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Leiv Sigve Håvarstein
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Morten Kjos
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Daniel Straume
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
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Arif A, Ullah I, Zaman R, Khan AM. Phenotypic identification of different β-Lactamases in intrinsic and acquired colistin resistant uropathogenic gram negative bacteria. Pak J Med Sci 2024; 40:1122-1128. [PMID: 38952491 PMCID: PMC11190398 DOI: 10.12669/pjms.40.6.8516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Identification of MBL, AmpC and ESBLs in colistin intrinsic and acquired resistant uropathogenic gram negative bacteria. Method Urine samples were collected from Hayatabad Medical Complex, Peshawar during 17 January to 30 June 2019. Collected urine samples were aseptically transported microbiology lab of Health Research Institution (HRI), National Institute of Health (NIH), Khyber Medical College, Peshawar and streaked on different media. Positive growth was identified by API-10s. Antibiotic sensitivity profile was done by Modified Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method. Detection of metallo βlactamases (MBL) production by Imipenem EDTA synergy test, Double Disc Synergy Test (DDST) for detection of ESBLs and D-test for the detection of inducible AmpC beta lactamases test was used. Colistin resistance was identified via broth micro dilution according to CLSI manual. Colistin resistant bacteria was divided in two categories; acquired and intrinsic resistant bacteria according to CLSI manual. Results Out of 2000 urine samples, 281(14%) gram-negative bacteria were isolated. Among positive samples, acquired colistin resistant bacteria were 241 and intrinsic resistant bacteria were 40 isolates. MBL was produce by twenty one (11.7%) E.coli and seventeen (40.5%) Pseudomonas aeruginosa. E. coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella Pneumoniae, Serratia Oderifora and Proteus Marblis were ESBLs producing bacteria. AmpC production was prevalent in fourteen (7.8%) E. coli and twelve (28.6%) Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Fifty-five samples showed resistance to colistin out of 241 samples. In colistin resistant bacteria, two E.coli were MBL, ESBLs, while one E.coli was ESBLs, AmpC co-producing bacteria. The most prevalent extended drug resistant bacteria were Pseudomonas aeruginosa (28.6%) and Escherichia coli (6.1%), While 155(86.6%) Escherichia coli, 25 (59.5%) Pseudomonas aeruginosa and 22 (95.7%) Serratia Oderifora was multi drug resistant bacteria. Conclusion Current study concluded that ESBL, MBL AmpC enzymes and their co-expression was observed with colistin resistance in E.coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ambreen Arif
- Ambreen Arif, Health Research Institute, NIH, Islamabad, Pakistan. Khyber Medical University Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Ihasn Ullah
- Ihsan Ullah, Associate Professor, Khyber Medical University Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Ronaq Zaman
- Ronaq Zaman, Assistant Professor, Kabir Medical College, Peshawar, Pakistan
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Elbediwi M, Rolff J. Metabolic pathways and antimicrobial peptide resistance in bacteria. J Antimicrob Chemother 2024; 79:1473-1483. [PMID: 38742645 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkae128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is a pressing concern that poses a significant threat to global public health, necessitating the exploration of alternative strategies to combat drug-resistant microbial infections. Recently, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have gained substantial attention as possible replacements for conventional antibiotics. Because of their pharmacodynamics and killing mechanisms, AMPs display a lower risk of bacterial resistance evolution compared with most conventional antibiotics. However, bacteria display different mechanisms to resist AMPs, and the role of metabolic pathways in the resistance mechanism is not fully understood. This review examines the intricate relationship between metabolic genes and AMP resistance, focusing on the impact of metabolic pathways on various aspects of resistance. Metabolic pathways related to guanosine pentaphosphate (pppGpp) and guanosine tetraphosphate (ppGpp) [collectively (p)ppGpp], the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, haem biosynthesis, purine and pyrimidine biosynthesis, and amino acid and lipid metabolism influence in different ways metabolic adjustments, biofilm formation and energy production that could be involved in AMP resistance. By targeting metabolic pathways and their associated genes, it could be possible to enhance the efficacy of existing antimicrobial therapies and overcome the challenges exhibited by phenotypic (recalcitrance) and genetic resistance toward AMPs. Further research in this area is needed to provide valuable insights into specific mechanisms, uncover novel therapeutic targets, and aid in the fight against antimicrobial resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Elbediwi
- Evolutionary Biology, Institute for Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Animal Health Research Institute, Agriculture Research Centre, 12618 Cairo, Egypt
| | - Jens Rolff
- Evolutionary Biology, Institute for Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Berlin, Germany
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5
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Jiménez-Castellanos JC, Waclaw B, Meynert A, McAteer SP, Schneiders T. Rapid evolution of colistin resistance in a bioreactor model of infection of Klebsiella pneumoniae. Commun Biol 2024; 7:794. [PMID: 38951173 PMCID: PMC11217424 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06378-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Colistin remains an important antibiotic for the therapeutic management of drug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae. Despite the numerous reports of colistin resistance in clinical strains, it remains unclear exactly when and how different mutational events arise resulting in reduced colistin susceptibility. Using a bioreactor model of infection, we modelled the emergence of colistin resistance in a susceptible isolate of K. pneumoniae. Genotypic, phenotypic and mathematical analyses of the antibiotic-challenged and un-challenged population indicates that after an initial decline, the population recovers within 24 h due to a small number of "founder cells" which have single point mutations mainly in the regulatory genes encoding crrB and pmrB that when mutated results in up to 100-fold reduction in colistin susceptibility. Our work underlines the rapid development of colistin resistance during treatment or exposure of susceptible K. pneumoniae infections having implications for the use of cationic antimicrobial peptides as a monotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan-Carlos Jiménez-Castellanos
- Chemical Biology of Antibiotics, Centre for Infection & Immunity (CIIL), Pasteur Institute, INSERM U1019-CNRS UMR 9017, Lille, France
| | - Bartlomiej Waclaw
- School of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Edinburgh, JCMB, Edinburgh, UK.
- Dioscuri Centre for Physics and Chemistry of Bacteria, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Alison Meynert
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Cancer, The University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Sean P McAteer
- Department of Bacteriology, The Roslin Institute and R(D) SVS, The University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Campus, Midlothian, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Thamarai Schneiders
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Institute of Regeneration and Repair, Edinburgh Medical School, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
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6
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Singh S, Singh S, Trivedi M, Dwivedi M. An insight into MDR Acinetobacter baumannii infection and its pathogenesis: Potential therapeutic targets and challenges. Microb Pathog 2024; 192:106674. [PMID: 38714263 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2024.106674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/09/2024]
Abstract
Acinetobacter baumannii is observed as a common species of Gram-negative bacteria that exist in soil and water. Despite being accepted as a typical component of human skin flora, it has become an important opportunistic pathogen, especially in healthcare settings. The pathogenicity of A. baumannii is attributed to its virulence factors, which include adhesins, pili, lipopolysaccharides, outer membrane proteins, iron uptake systems, autotransporter, secretion systems, phospholipases etc. These elements provide the bacterium the ability to cling to and penetrate host cells, get past the host immune system, and destroy tissue. Its infection is a major contributor to human pathophysiological conditions including pneumonia, bloodstream infections, urinary tract infections, and surgical site infections. It is challenging to treat infections brought on by this pathogen since this bacterium has evolved to withstand numerous drugs and further emergence of drug-resistant A. baumannii results in higher rates of morbidity and mortality. The long-term survival of this bacterium on surfaces of medical supplies and hospital furniture facilitates its frequent spread in humans from one habitat to another. There is a need for urgent investigations to find effective drug targets for A. baumannii as well as designing novel drugs to reduce the survival and spread of infection. In the current review, we represent the specific features, pathogenesis, and molecular intricacies of crucial drug targets of A. baumannii. This would also assist in proposing strategies and alternative therapies for the prevention and treatment of A. baumannii infections and their spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukriti Singh
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow, 226028, India
| | - Sushmita Singh
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow, 226028, India
| | - Mala Trivedi
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow, 226028, India
| | - Manish Dwivedi
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow, 226028, India; Research Cell, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow, 226028, India.
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7
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Han ML, Alsaadi Y, Zhao J, Zhu Y, Lu J, Jiang X, Ma W, Patil NA, Dunstan RA, Le Brun AP, Wickremasinghe H, Hu X, Wu Y, Yu HH, Wang J, Barlow CK, Bergen PJ, Shen HH, Lithgow T, Creek DJ, Velkov T, Li J. Arginine catabolism is essential to polymyxin dependence in Acinetobacter baumannii. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114410. [PMID: 38923457 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Polymyxins are often the only effective antibiotics against the "Critical" pathogen Acinetobacter baumannii. Worryingly, highly polymyxin-resistant A. baumannii displaying dependence on polymyxins has emerged in the clinic, leading to diagnosis and treatment failures. Here, we report that arginine metabolism is essential for polymyxin-dependent A. baumannii. Specifically, the arginine degradation pathway was significantly altered in polymyxin-dependent strains compared to wild-type strains, with critical metabolites (e.g., L-arginine and L-glutamate) severely depleted and expression of the astABCDE operon significantly increased. Supplementation of arginine increased bacterial metabolic activity and suppressed polymyxin dependence. Deletion of astA, the first gene in the arginine degradation pathway, decreased phosphatidylglycerol and increased phosphatidylethanolamine levels in the outer membrane, thereby reducing the interaction with polymyxins. This study elucidates the molecular mechanism by which arginine metabolism impacts polymyxin dependence in A. baumannii, underscoring its critical role in improving diagnosis and treatment of life-threatening infections caused by "undetectable" polymyxin-dependent A. baumannii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Ling Han
- Infection Program and Department of Microbiology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; Centre to Impact AMR, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia.
| | - Yasser Alsaadi
- Infection Program and Department of Microbiology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; Centre to Impact AMR, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Jinxin Zhao
- Infection Program and Department of Microbiology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; Centre to Impact AMR, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Yan Zhu
- Infection Program and Department of Microbiology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; Centre to Impact AMR, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Jing Lu
- Infection Program and Department of Microbiology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; Centre to Impact AMR, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Xukai Jiang
- National Glycoengineering Research Centre, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Wendong Ma
- Infection Program and Department of Microbiology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; Centre to Impact AMR, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Nitin A Patil
- Infection Program and Department of Microbiology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; Centre to Impact AMR, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Rhys A Dunstan
- Infection Program and Department of Microbiology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; Centre to Impact AMR, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Anton P Le Brun
- Australian Centre for Neutron Scattering, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Locked Bag 2001, Kirrawee DC, NSW 2232, Australia
| | - Hasini Wickremasinghe
- Infection Program and Department of Microbiology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; Centre to Impact AMR, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Xiaohan Hu
- Infection Program and Department of Microbiology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; Centre to Impact AMR, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Yimin Wu
- Infection Program and Department of Microbiology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; Centre to Impact AMR, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Heidi H Yu
- Infection Program and Department of Microbiology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; Centre to Impact AMR, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Jiping Wang
- Infection Program and Department of Microbiology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; Centre to Impact AMR, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Christopher K Barlow
- Monash Proteomics and Metabolomics Facility, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Phillip J Bergen
- Infection Program and Department of Microbiology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; Centre to Impact AMR, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Hsin-Hui Shen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Trevor Lithgow
- Infection Program and Department of Microbiology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; Centre to Impact AMR, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Darren J Creek
- Monash Proteomics and Metabolomics Facility, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Tony Velkov
- Department of Pharmacology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Jian Li
- Infection Program and Department of Microbiology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; Centre to Impact AMR, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia.
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Fan Z, Li Z, Fu T, Feng Y, Chen Y, Liu H, Du B, Cui X, Zhao H, Xue G, Cui J, Yan C, Gan L, Feng J, Xu Z, Yu Z, Yuan J. Inhibition of the ATP synthase increases sensitivity of Escherichia coli carrying mcr-1 to polymyxin B. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2024:10.1038/s41429-024-00753-z. [PMID: 38914795 DOI: 10.1038/s41429-024-00753-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
Bacterial infections caused by multidrug-resistant (MDR) gram-negative strains carrying the mobile colistin resistance gene mcr-1 are serious threats to world public health due to the lack of effective treatments. Inhibition of the ATP synthase makes bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae more sensitive to polymyxin. This provides new strategies for treating infections caused by polymyxins-resistant bacteria carrying mcr-1. Six mcr-1-positive strains were isolated from clinical samples, and all were identified as Escherichia coli. Here we investigated several ATP synthase inhibitors, N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCCD), resveratrol, and piceatannol, for their antibacterial effects against the mcr-1-positive strains combined with polymyxin B (POL). Checkerboard assay, time-kill assay, biofilm inhibition and eradication assay indicated the significant synergistic effect of ATP synthase inhibitors/POL combination in vitro. Meanwhile, mouse infection model experiment was also performed, showing a 5 log10 reduction of the pathogen after treatment with the resveratrol/POL combination. Moreover, adding adenosine disodium triphosphate (Na2ATP) could inhibit the antibacterial effect of the ATP synthase inhibitors/POL combination. In conclusion, our study confirmed that inhibition of ATP production could increase the susceptibility of bacteria carrying mcr-1 to polymyxins. This provides a new strategy against polymyxins-resistant bacteria infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Fan
- Department of Bacteriology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Zhoufei Li
- Department of Bacteriology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, 100020, China
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Tongtong Fu
- Department of Bacteriology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Yanling Feng
- Department of Bacteriology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Yuchen Chen
- Department of Bacteriology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Hongbo Liu
- Department of Bacteriology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Bing Du
- University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Xiaohu Cui
- Department of Bacteriology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Hanqing Zhao
- Department of Bacteriology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Guanhua Xue
- Department of Bacteriology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Jinghua Cui
- Department of Bacteriology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Chao Yan
- Department of Bacteriology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Lin Gan
- Department of Bacteriology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Junxia Feng
- Department of Bacteriology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Ziying Xu
- Department of Bacteriology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Zihui Yu
- Department of Bacteriology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Jing Yuan
- Department of Bacteriology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, 100020, China.
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9
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Jiang X, Chen D, Wang X, Wang C, Zheng H, Ye W, Zhou W, Liu G, Zhang K. Nitazoxanide synergizes polymyxin B against Escherichia coli by depleting cellular energy. Microbiol Spectr 2024:e0019124. [PMID: 38904380 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00191-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The rapid expansion of antibiotic-resistant bacterial diseases is a global burden on public health. It makes sense to repurpose and reposition already-approved medications for use as supplementary agents in synergistic combinations with existing antibiotics. Here, we demonstrate that the anthelmintic drug nitazoxanide (NTZ) synergistically enhances the effectiveness of the lipopeptide antibiotic polymyxin B in inhibiting gram-negative bacteria, including those resistant to polymyxin B. Mechanistic investigations revealed that nitazoxanide inhibited calcium influx and cell membrane depolarization, enhanced the affinity between polymyxin B and the extracellular membrane, and promoted intracellular ATP depletion and an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS), thus enhancing the penetration and disruption of the Escherichia coli cell membrane by polymyxin B. The transcriptomic analysis revealed that the combination resulted in energy depletion by inhibiting both aerobic and anaerobic respiration patterns in bacterial cells. The increased bactericidal effect of polymyxin B on the E. coli ∆nuoC strain further indicates that NuoC could be a promising target for nitazoxanide. Furthermore, the combination of nitazoxanide and polymyxin B showed promising therapeutic effects in a mouse infection model infected with E. coli. Taken together, these results demonstrate the potential of nitazoxanide as a novel adjuvant to polymyxin B, to overcome antibiotic resistance and improve therapeutic outcomes in refractory infections.IMPORTANCEThe rapid spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria poses a serious threat to public health. The search for potential compounds that can increase the antibacterial activity of existing antibiotics is a promising strategy for addressing this issue. Here, the synergistic activity of the FDA-approved agent nitazoxanide (NTZ) combined with polymyxin B was investigated in vitro using checkerboard assays and time-kill curves. The synergistic mechanisms of the combination of nitazoxanide and polymyxin B were explored by fluorescent dye, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and transcriptomic analysis. The synergistic efficacy was evaluated in vivo by the Escherichia coli and mouse sepsis models. These results suggested that nitazoxanide, as a promising antibiotic adjuvant, can effectively enhance polymyxin B activity, providing a potential strategy for treating multidrug-resistant bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejia Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Chemical Drugs and Pharmaceutics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Dongliang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Chemical Drugs and Pharmaceutics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Chemical Drugs and Pharmaceutics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunmei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Chemical Drugs and Pharmaceutics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Haihong Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Chemical Drugs and Pharmaceutics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenchong Ye
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Chemical Drugs and Pharmaceutics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Chemical Drugs and Pharmaceutics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Guoping Liu
- College of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Keyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Chemical Drugs and Pharmaceutics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
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10
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Sheng Q, Wang X, Hou Z, Liu B, Jiang M, Ren M, Fu J, He M, Zhang J, Xiang Y, Zhang Q, Zhou L, Deng Y, Shen X. Novel functions of o-cymen-5-ol nanoemulsion in reversing colistin resistance in multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae infections. Biochem Pharmacol 2024:116384. [PMID: 38909787 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
Multidrug resistance (MDR) Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) is a major emerging threat to human health, and leads to very high mortality rate. The effectiveness of colistin, the last resort against MDR Gram-negative bacteria, is significantly compromised due to the widespread presence of plasmid- or chromosome-mediated resistance genes. In this study, o-cymen-5-ol has been found to greatly restore colistin sensitivity in MDR K. pneumoniae. Importantly, this compound does not impact bacterial viability, induce resistance, or cause any noticeable cell toxicity. Various routes disclosed the potential mechanism of o-cymen-5-ol potentiating colistin activity against MDR K. pneumoniae. These include inhibiting the activity of plasmid-mediated mobile colistin resistance gene (mcr-1), accelerating lipopolysaccharide (LPS) - mediated membrane damage, and promoting the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter pathway. To enhance the administration and bioavailability of o-cymen-5-ol, a nanoemulsion has been designed, which significantly improves the loading efficiency and solubility of o-cymen-5-ol, resulting in antimicrobial potentiation of colistin against K. pneumoniae infection. This study has revealed a new understanding of the o-cymen-5-ol nanoemulsion as a means to enhance the effectiveness of colistin against resistant factors. The finding also suggests that o-cymen-5-ol nanoemulsion could be a promising approach in the development of potential treatments for multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiushuang Sheng
- Department of Microbiology, Jilin Province Product Quality Supervision and Inspection Institute, Changchun 130103, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Department of Microbiology, Jilin Province Product Quality Supervision and Inspection Institute, Changchun 130103, China
| | - Zhaoyan Hou
- Changchun Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changchun, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Microbiology, Jilin Province Product Quality Supervision and Inspection Institute, Changchun 130103, China
| | - Mingquan Jiang
- Department of Microbiology, Jilin Province Product Quality Supervision and Inspection Institute, Changchun 130103, China
| | - Mingyue Ren
- Department of Microbiology, Jilin Province Product Quality Supervision and Inspection Institute, Changchun 130103, China
| | - Jingchao Fu
- Department of Microbiology, Jilin Province Product Quality Supervision and Inspection Institute, Changchun 130103, China
| | - Miao He
- Department of Microbiology, Jilin Province Product Quality Supervision and Inspection Institute, Changchun 130103, China
| | - Jingchen Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, Jilin Province Product Quality Supervision and Inspection Institute, Changchun 130103, China
| | - Yue Xiang
- Department of Microbiology, Jilin Province Product Quality Supervision and Inspection Institute, Changchun 130103, China
| | - Qingbo Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, Jilin Province Product Quality Supervision and Inspection Institute, Changchun 130103, China
| | - Lanying Zhou
- Department of Microbiology, Jilin Province Product Quality Supervision and Inspection Institute, Changchun 130103, China
| | - Yanhong Deng
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China.
| | - Xue Shen
- Department of Food Science, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China; State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China.
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11
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Maybin M, Ranade AM, Schombel U, Gisch N, Mamat U, Meredith TC. IS 1-mediated chromosomal amplification of the arn operon leads to polymyxin B resistance in Escherichia coli B strains. mBio 2024:e0063424. [PMID: 38904391 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00634-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Polymyxins [colistin and polymyxin B (PMB)] comprise an important class of natural product lipopeptide antibiotics used to treat multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacterial infections. These positively charged lipopeptides interact with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) located in the outer membrane and disrupt the permeability barrier, leading to increased uptake and bacterial cell death. Many bacteria counter polymyxins by upregulating genes involved in the biosynthesis and transfer of amine-containing moieties to increase positively charged residues on LPS. Although 4-deoxy-l-aminoarabinose (Ara4N) and phosphoethanolamine (PEtN) are highly conserved LPS modifications in Escherichia coli, different lineages exhibit variable PMB susceptibilities and frequencies of resistance for reasons that are poorly understood. Herein, we describe a mechanism prevalent in E. coli B strains that depends on specific insertion sequence 1 (IS1) elements that flank genes involved in the biosynthesis and transfer of Ara4N to LPS. Spontaneous and transient chromosomal amplifications mediated by IS1 raise the frequency of PMB resistance by 10- to 100-fold in comparison to strains where a single IS1 element located 90 kb away from the end of the arn operon has been deleted. Amplification involving IS1 becomes the dominant resistance mechanism in the absence of PEtN modification. Isolates with amplified arn operons gradually lose their PMB-resistant phenotype with passaging, consistent with classical PMB heteroresistance behavior. Analysis of the whole genome transcriptome profile showed altered expression of genes residing both within and outside of the duplicated chromosomal segment, suggesting complex phenotypes including PMB resistance can result from tandem amplification events.IMPORTANCEPhenotypic variation in susceptibility and the emergence of resistant subpopulations are major challenges to the clinical use of polymyxins. While a large database of genes and alleles that can confer polymyxin resistance has been compiled, this report demonstrates that the chromosomal insertion sequence (IS) content and distribution warrant consideration as well. Amplification of large chromosomal segments containing the arn operon by IS1 increases the Ara4N content of the lipopolysaccharide layer in Escherichia coli B lineages using a mechanism that is orthogonal to transcriptional upregulation through two-component regulatory systems. Altogether, our work highlights the importance of IS elements in modulating gene expression and generating diverse subpopulations that can contribute to phenotypic polymyxin B heteroresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Maybin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Aditi M Ranade
- The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ursula Schombel
- Division of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Priority Research Area Infections, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center, Borstel, Germany
| | - Nicolas Gisch
- Division of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Priority Research Area Infections, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center, Borstel, Germany
| | - Uwe Mamat
- Division of Cellular Microbiology, Priority Research Area Infections, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center, Leibniz Research Alliance INFECTIONS, Borstel, Germany
| | - Timothy C Meredith
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
- The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
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12
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Lobertti CA, Cabezudo I, Gizzi FO, Blancato V, Magni C, Furlán RLE, García Véscovi E. An allosteric inhibitor of the PhoQ histidine kinase with therapeutic potential against Salmonella infection. J Antimicrob Chemother 2024:dkae151. [PMID: 38853496 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkae151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The upsurge of antimicrobial resistance demands innovative strategies to fight bacterial infections. With traditional antibiotics becoming less effective, anti-virulence agents or pathoblockers, arise as an alternative approach that seeks to disarm pathogens without affecting their viability, thereby reducing selective pressure for the emergence of resistance mechanisms. OBJECTIVES To elucidate the mechanism of action of compound N'-(thiophen-2-ylmethylene)benzohydrazide (A16B1), a potent synthetic hydrazone inhibitor against the Salmonella PhoP/PhoQ system, essential for virulence. MATERIALS AND METHODS The measurement of the activity of PhoP/PhoQ-dependent and -independent reporter genes was used to evaluate the specificity of A16B1 to the PhoP regulon. Autokinase activity assays with either the native or truncated versions of PhoQ were used to dissect the A16B1 mechanism of action. The effect of A16B1 on Salmonella intramacrophage replication was assessed using the gentamicin protection assay. The checkerboard assay approach was used to analyse potentiation effects of colistin with the hydrazone. The Galleria mellonella infection model was chosen to evaluate A16B1 as an in vivo therapy against Salmonella. RESULTS A16B1 repressed the Salmonella PhoP/PhoQ system activity, specifically targeting PhoQ within the second transmembrane region. A16B1 demonstrates synergy with the antimicrobial peptide colistin, reduces the intramacrophage proliferation of Salmonella without being cytotoxic and enhances the survival of G. mellonella larvae systemically infected with Salmonella. CONCLUSIONS A16B1 selectively inhibits the activity of the Salmonella PhoP/PhoQ system through a novel inhibitory mechanism, representing a promising synthetic hydrazone compound with the potential to function as a Salmonella pathoblocker. This offers innovative prospects for combating Salmonella infections while mitigating the risk of antimicrobial resistance emergence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos A Lobertti
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas and Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Departamento de Microbiología, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario S2000EZP, Argentina
| | - Ignacio Cabezudo
- Farmacognosia, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Rosario 2000, Argentina
| | - Fernán O Gizzi
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas and Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Departamento de Microbiología, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario S2000EZP, Argentina
| | - Víctor Blancato
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas and Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Departamento de Microbiología, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario S2000EZP, Argentina
| | - Christian Magni
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas and Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Departamento de Microbiología, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario S2000EZP, Argentina
| | - Ricardo L E Furlán
- Farmacognosia, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Rosario 2000, Argentina
| | - Eleonora García Véscovi
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas and Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Departamento de Microbiología, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario S2000EZP, Argentina
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13
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Anek P, Kumpangcum S, Roytrakul S, Khanongnuch C, Saenjum C, Phannachet K. Antibacterial Activities of Phenolic Compounds in Miang Extract: Growth Inhibition and Change in Protein Expression of Extensively Drug-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae. Antibiotics (Basel) 2024; 13:536. [PMID: 38927202 PMCID: PMC11201136 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13060536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The rising incidence of extensively drug-resistant (XDR) Klebsiella pneumoniae, including carbapenem- and colistin-resistant strains, leads to the limitation of available effective antibiotics. Miang, known as chewing tea, is produced from Camellia sinensis var. assamica or Assam tea leaves fermentation. Previous studies revealed that the extract of Miang contains various phenolic and flavonoid compounds with numerous biological activities including antibacterial activity. However, the antibacterial activity of Miang against XDR bacteria especially colistin-resistant strains had not been investigated. In this study, the compositions of phenolic and flavonoid compounds in fresh, steamed, and fermented Assam tea leaves were examined by HPLC, and their antibacterial activities were evaluated by the determination of the MIC and MBC. Pyrogallol was detected only in the extract from Miang and showed the highest activities with an MIC of 0.25 mg/mL and an MBC of 0.25-0.5 mg/mL against methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin-resistant S. aureus, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, colistin-resistant E. coli, and colistin-resistant K. pneumoniae. The effects on morphology and proteomic changes in K. pneumoniae NH54 treated with Miang extract were characterized by SEM and label-free quantitative shotgun proteomics analysis. The results revealed that Miang extract caused the decrease in bacterial cell wall integrity and cell lysis. The up- and downregulated expression with approximately a 2 to >5-fold change in proteins involved in peptidoglycan synthesis and outer membrane, carbohydrate, and amino acid metabolism were identified. These findings suggested that Miang containing pyrogallol and other secondary metabolites from fermentation has potential as an alternative candidate with an antibacterial agent or natural active pharmaceutical ingredient against XDR bacteria including colistin-resistant bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pannita Anek
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (P.A.); (S.K.)
| | - Sutita Kumpangcum
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (P.A.); (S.K.)
| | - Sittiruk Roytrakul
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand;
| | - Chartchai Khanongnuch
- Research Center for Innovation in Analytical Science and Technology for Biodiversity-Based Economic and Society (I-ANALY-S-T_B.BES-CMU), Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
- Research Center for Multidisciplinary Approaches to Miang, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Chalermpong Saenjum
- Research Center for Innovation in Analytical Science and Technology for Biodiversity-Based Economic and Society (I-ANALY-S-T_B.BES-CMU), Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
- Research Center for Multidisciplinary Approaches to Miang, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Kulwadee Phannachet
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (P.A.); (S.K.)
- Research Center for Innovation in Analytical Science and Technology for Biodiversity-Based Economic and Society (I-ANALY-S-T_B.BES-CMU), Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
- Research Center for Multidisciplinary Approaches to Miang, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
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14
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Marinho Righetto G, Alves Santos-Filho N, Oliveira Catarin Nunes L, André C, Souza JM, Andricopulo AD, Martins Bispo PJ, Cilli EM, Camargo ILBDC. Optimizing Bothropstoxin-I-Derived Peptides: Exploring the Antibacterial Potential of p-BthW. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:23662-23674. [PMID: 38854567 PMCID: PMC11154919 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c01303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides are an emerging class of antibiotics that present a series of advantageous characteristics such as wide structural variety, broad spectrum of activity, and low propensity to select for resistance. They are found in all classes of life as defense molecules. A group of peptides derived from the protein Bothropstoxin-I has been previously studied as an alternative treatment against multi-drug-resistant bacteria. The peptide p-BthTX-I (sequence: KKYRYHLKPFCKK) and its homodimer, linked by disulfide oxidation through the residues of Cys11 and the serum degradation product [sequence: (KKYRYHLKPFC)2], were evaluated and showed similar antimicrobial activity. In this study, we synthesized an analogue of p-BthTX-I that uses the strategy of Fmoc-Lys(Fmoc)-OH in the C-terminal region for dimerization and tryptophan for all aromatic amino acids to provide better membrane interactions. This analogue, named p-BthW, displayed potent antibacterial activity at lower concentrations and maintained the same hemolytic levels as the original molecule. Our assessment revealed that p-BthW has a quick in vitro bactericidal action and prolonged post-antibiotic effect, comparable to the action of polymyxin B. The mode of action of p-BthW seems to rely not only on membrane depolarization but also on necrosis-like effects, especially in Gram-negative bacteria. Overall, the remarkable results regarding the propensity to develop resistance reaffirmed the great potential of the developed molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Marinho Righetto
- Laboratory
of Molecular Epidemiology and Microbiology, Department of Physics
and Interdisciplinary Science, University
of Sao Paulo, 13563-120 São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Norival Alves Santos-Filho
- Department
of Biochemistry and Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State University, 14800-060 Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Letícia Oliveira Catarin Nunes
- Department
of Biochemistry and Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State University, 14800-060 Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Camille André
- Infectious
Disease Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye
and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Julia Medeiros Souza
- Laboratory
of Medicinal and Computational Chemistry, Department of Physics and
Interdisciplinary Science, University of
Sao Paulo, 13563-120 São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Adriano Defini Andricopulo
- Laboratory
of Medicinal and Computational Chemistry, Department of Physics and
Interdisciplinary Science, University of
Sao Paulo, 13563-120 São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Paulo José Martins Bispo
- Infectious
Disease Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye
and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Eduardo Maffud Cilli
- Department
of Biochemistry and Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State University, 14800-060 Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Ilana Lopes Baratella da Cunha Camargo
- Laboratory
of Molecular Epidemiology and Microbiology, Department of Physics
and Interdisciplinary Science, University
of Sao Paulo, 13563-120 São Carlos, Brazil
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15
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Simão FA, Almeida MM, Rosa HS, Marques EA, Leão RS. Genetic determinants of antimicrobial resistance in polymyxin B resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from airways of patients with cystic fibrosis. Braz J Microbiol 2024; 55:1415-1425. [PMID: 38619733 PMCID: PMC11153443 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-024-01311-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the main pathogen associated with pulmonary exacerbation in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). CF is a multisystemic genetic disease caused by mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator gene, which mainly affects pulmonary function. P. aeruginosa isolated from individuals with CF in Brazil is not commonly associated with multidrug resistance (MDR), especially when compared to global occurrence, where the presence of epidemic clones, capable of expressing resistance to several drugs, is often reported. Due to the recent observations of MDR isolates of P. aeruginosa in our centers, combined with these characteristics, whole-genome sequencing was employed for analyses related to antimicrobial resistance, plasmid identification, search for phages, and characterization of CF clones. All isolates in this study were polymyxin B resistant, exhibiting diverse mutations and reduced susceptibility to carbapenems. Alterations in mexZ can result in the overexpression of the MexXY efflux pump. Mutations in oprD, pmrB, parS, gyrA and parC may confer reduced susceptibility to antimicrobials by affecting permeability, as observed in phenotypic tests. The phage findings led to the assumption of horizontal genetic transfer, implicating dissemination between P. aeruginosa isolates. New sequence types were described, and none of the isolates showed an association with epidemic CF clones. Analysis of the genetic context of P. aeruginosa resistance to polymyxin B allowed us to understand the different mechanisms of resistance to antimicrobials, in addition to subsidizing the understanding of possible relationships with epidemic strains that circulate among individuals with CF observed in other countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe A Simão
- Laboratório de Microbiologia da Fibrose Cística, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Mila M Almeida
- Laboratório de Microbiologia da Fibrose Cística, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Heloísa S Rosa
- Laboratório de Microbiologia da Fibrose Cística, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Elizabeth A Marques
- Laboratório de Microbiologia da Fibrose Cística, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Robson S Leão
- Laboratório de Microbiologia da Fibrose Cística, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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16
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Wu J, Liu L, Wang J, Wang Y, Li X, Wang X, Jiang S, Li W, Zhang J, Zhang X. Transcriptomic analysis of induced resistance to polymyxin in carbapenem-resistant Enterobacter cloacae complex isolate carrying mcr-9. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2024; 37:225-232. [PMID: 38750896 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2024.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Polymyxins are currently the last-resort treatment against multi-drug resistant Gram-negative bacterial infections, but plasmid-mediated mobile polymyxin resistance genes (mcr) threaten its efficacy, especially in carbapenem-resistant Enterobacter cloacae complex (CRECC). The objective of this study was to provide insights into the mechanism of polymyxin-induced bacterial resistance and the effect of overexpression of mcr-9. METHODS The clinical strain CRECC414 carrying the mcr-9 gene was treated with a gradient concentration of polymyxin. Subsequently, the broth microdilution was used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and RT-qPCR was utilized to assess mcr-9 expression. Transcriptome sequencing and whole genome sequencing (WGS) was utilized to identify alterations in strains resulting from increased polymyxin resistance, and significant transcriptomic differences were analysed alongside a comprehensive examination of metabolic networks at the genomic level. RESULTS Polymyxin treatment induced the upregulation of mcr-9 expression and significantly elevated the MIC of the strain. Furthermore, the WGS and transcriptomic results revealed a remarkable up-regulation of arnBCADTEF gene cassette, indicating that the Arn/PhoPQ system-mediated L-Ara4N modification is the preferred mechanism for achieving high levels of resistance. Additionally, significant alterations in bacterial gene expression were observed with regards to multidrug efflux pumps, oxidative stress and repair mechanisms, cell membrane biosynthesis, as well as carbohydrate metabolic pathways. CONCLUSION Polymyxin greatly disrupts the transcription of vital cellular pathways. A complete PhoPQ two-component system is a prerequisite for polymyxin resistance of Enterobacter cloacae, even though mcr-9 is highly expressed. These findings provide novel and important information for further investigation of polymyxin resistance of CRECC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiming Wu
- Department of Microbiology, Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Longjin Liu
- Department of Microbiology, Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jianmin Wang
- Department of Microbiology, Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Microbiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, China
| | - Xinhui Li
- Department of Microbiology, Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- Department of Microbiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, China
| | - Shan Jiang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, Basic Medicine of Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, China
| | - Wengang Li
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, Basic Medicine of Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, China
| | - Jisheng Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Xiaoli Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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17
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Wang BX, Leshchiner D, Luo L, Tuncel M, Hokamp K, Hinton JCD, Monack DM. High-throughput fitness experiments reveal specific vulnerabilities of human-adapted Salmonella during stress and infection. Nat Genet 2024; 56:1288-1299. [PMID: 38831009 PMCID: PMC11176087 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-024-01779-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Salmonella enterica is comprised of genetically distinct 'serovars' that together provide an intriguing model for exploring the genetic basis of pathogen evolution. Although the genomes of numerous Salmonella isolates with broad variations in host range and human disease manifestations have been sequenced, the functional links between genetic and phenotypic differences among these serovars remain poorly understood. Here, we conduct high-throughput functional genomics on both generalist (Typhimurium) and human-restricted (Typhi and Paratyphi A) Salmonella at unprecedented scale in the study of this enteric pathogen. Using a comprehensive systems biology approach, we identify gene networks with serovar-specific fitness effects across 25 host-associated stresses encountered at key stages of human infection. By experimentally perturbing these networks, we characterize previously undescribed pseudogenes in human-adapted Salmonella. Overall, this work highlights specific vulnerabilities encoded within human-restricted Salmonella that are linked to the degradation of their genomes, shedding light into the evolution of this enteric pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin X Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Lijuan Luo
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Miles Tuncel
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Karsten Hokamp
- Department of Genetics, School of Genetics and Microbiology, Smurfit Institute of Genetics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jay C D Hinton
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Denise M Monack
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
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18
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Bonnin RA, Creton E, Perrin A, Girlich D, Emeraud C, Jousset AB, Duque M, Jacquemin A, Hopkins K, Bogaerts P, Glupczynski Y, Pfennigwerth N, Gniadkowski M, Hendrickx APA, van der Zwaluw K, Apfalter P, Hartl R, Studentova V, Hrabak J, Larrouy-Maumus G, Rocha EPC, Naas T, Dortet L. Spread of carbapenemase-producing Morganella spp from 2013 to 2021: a comparative genomic study. THE LANCET. MICROBE 2024; 5:e547-e558. [PMID: 38677305 DOI: 10.1016/s2666-5247(23)00407-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Morganella spp are opportunistic pathogens involved in various infections. Intrinsic resistance to multiple antibiotics (including colistin) combined with the emergence of carbapenemase producers reduces the number of active antimicrobials. The aim of this study was to characterise genetic features related to the spread of carbapenem-resistant Morganella spp. METHODS This comparative genomic study included extensively drug-resistant Morganella spp isolates collected between Jan 1, 2013, and March 1, 2021, by the French National Reference Center (NRC; n=68) and European antimicrobial resistance reference centres in seven European countries (n=104), as well as one isolate from Canada, two reference strains from the Pasteur Institute collection (Paris, France), and two colistin-susceptible isolates from Bicêtre Hospital (Kremlin-Bicêtre, France). The isolates were characterised by whole-genome sequencing, antimicrobial susceptibility testing, and biochemical tests. Complete genomes from GenBank (n=103) were also included for genomic analysis, including phylogeny and determination of core genomes and resistomes. Genetic distance between different species or subspecies was performed using average nucleotide identity (ANI). Intrinsic resistance mechanisms to polymyxins were investigated by combining genetic analysis with mass spectrometry on lipid A. FINDINGS Distance analysis by ANI of 275 isolates identified three groups: Morganella psychrotolerans, Morganella morganii subspecies sibonii, and M morganii subspecies morganii, and a core genome maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree showed that the M morganii isolates can be separated into four subpopulations. On the basis of these findings and of phenotypic divergences between isolates, we propose a modified taxonomy for the Morganella genus including four species, Morganella psychrotolerans, Morganella sibonii, Morganella morganii, and a new species represented by a unique environmental isolate. We propose that M morganii include two subspecies: M morganii subspecies morganii (the most prevalent) and M morganii subspecies intermedius. This modified taxonomy was supported by a difference in intrinsic resistance to tetracycline and conservation of metabolic pathways such as trehalose assimilation, both only present in M sibonii. Carbapenemase producers were mostly identified among five high-risk clones of M morganii subspecies morganii. The most prevalent carbapenemase corresponded to NDM-1, followed by KPC-2, and OXA-48. A cefepime-zidebactam combination was the most potent antimicrobial against the 172 extensively drug-resistant Morganella spp isolates in our collection from different European countries, which includes metallo-β-lactamase producers. Lipid A analysis showed that the intrinsic resistance to colistin was associated with the presence of L-ARA4N on lipid A. INTERPRETATION This global characterisation of, to our knowledge, the widest collection of extensively drug-resistant Morganella spp highlights the need to clarify the taxonomy and decipher intrinsic resistance mechanisms, and paves the way for further genomic comparisons. FUNDING None.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rémy A Bonnin
- Team Resist UMR1184 Immunology of Viral, Auto-Immune, Hematological and Bacterial Diseases (IMVA-HB), INSERM, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, LabEx LERMIT, Faculty of Medicine, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; Associated French National Reference Center for Antibiotic Resistance-Carbapenemase-Producing Enterobacteriaceae, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; Bacteriology-Hygiene Unit, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, AP-HP Paris Saclay, Bicêtre Hospital, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.
| | - Elodie Creton
- Team Resist UMR1184 Immunology of Viral, Auto-Immune, Hematological and Bacterial Diseases (IMVA-HB), INSERM, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, LabEx LERMIT, Faculty of Medicine, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; Associated French National Reference Center for Antibiotic Resistance-Carbapenemase-Producing Enterobacteriaceae, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Amandine Perrin
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3525, Microbial Evolutionary Genomics, Paris, France
| | - Delphine Girlich
- Team Resist UMR1184 Immunology of Viral, Auto-Immune, Hematological and Bacterial Diseases (IMVA-HB), INSERM, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, LabEx LERMIT, Faculty of Medicine, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Cecile Emeraud
- Team Resist UMR1184 Immunology of Viral, Auto-Immune, Hematological and Bacterial Diseases (IMVA-HB), INSERM, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, LabEx LERMIT, Faculty of Medicine, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; Associated French National Reference Center for Antibiotic Resistance-Carbapenemase-Producing Enterobacteriaceae, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; Bacteriology-Hygiene Unit, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, AP-HP Paris Saclay, Bicêtre Hospital, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Agnès B Jousset
- Team Resist UMR1184 Immunology of Viral, Auto-Immune, Hematological and Bacterial Diseases (IMVA-HB), INSERM, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, LabEx LERMIT, Faculty of Medicine, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; Associated French National Reference Center for Antibiotic Resistance-Carbapenemase-Producing Enterobacteriaceae, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; Bacteriology-Hygiene Unit, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, AP-HP Paris Saclay, Bicêtre Hospital, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Mathilde Duque
- Team Resist UMR1184 Immunology of Viral, Auto-Immune, Hematological and Bacterial Diseases (IMVA-HB), INSERM, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, LabEx LERMIT, Faculty of Medicine, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; Bacteriology-Hygiene Unit, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, AP-HP Paris Saclay, Bicêtre Hospital, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Aymeric Jacquemin
- Team Resist UMR1184 Immunology of Viral, Auto-Immune, Hematological and Bacterial Diseases (IMVA-HB), INSERM, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, LabEx LERMIT, Faculty of Medicine, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Katie Hopkins
- National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit (NIHR HPRU) in Healthcare Associated Infections and Antimicrobial Resistance at Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK; Antimicrobial Resistance and Healthcare Associated Infections (AMRHAI) Reference Unit, National Infection Service, Public Health England, London, UK
| | - Pierre Bogaerts
- National Reference Laboratory for Monitoring of Antimicrobial Resistance in Gram-Negative Bacteria, CHU Dinant-Godinne, UCL Namur, Yvoir, Belgium
| | - Youri Glupczynski
- National Reference Laboratory for Monitoring of Antimicrobial Resistance in Gram-Negative Bacteria, CHU Dinant-Godinne, UCL Namur, Yvoir, Belgium
| | - Niels Pfennigwerth
- German National Reference Centre for Multidrug-Resistant Gram-Negative Bacteria, Department of Medical Microbiology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Marek Gniadkowski
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, National Medicines Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Antoni P A Hendrickx
- Laboratory for Infectious Diseases and Screening, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Kim van der Zwaluw
- Laboratory for Infectious Diseases and Screening, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Petra Apfalter
- National Reference Center for Antimicrobial Resistance and Nosocomial Infections, Institute for Hygiene, Microbiology and Tropical Medicine, Ordensklinikum Linz Elisabethinen, Linz, Austria
| | - Rainer Hartl
- National Reference Center for Antimicrobial Resistance and Nosocomial Infections, Institute for Hygiene, Microbiology and Tropical Medicine, Ordensklinikum Linz Elisabethinen, Linz, Austria
| | - Vendula Studentova
- Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Hrabak
- Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Gerald Larrouy-Maumus
- MRC Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection, Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Eduardo P C Rocha
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3525, Microbial Evolutionary Genomics, Paris, France
| | - Thierry Naas
- Team Resist UMR1184 Immunology of Viral, Auto-Immune, Hematological and Bacterial Diseases (IMVA-HB), INSERM, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, LabEx LERMIT, Faculty of Medicine, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; Associated French National Reference Center for Antibiotic Resistance-Carbapenemase-Producing Enterobacteriaceae, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; Bacteriology-Hygiene Unit, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, AP-HP Paris Saclay, Bicêtre Hospital, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Laurent Dortet
- Team Resist UMR1184 Immunology of Viral, Auto-Immune, Hematological and Bacterial Diseases (IMVA-HB), INSERM, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, LabEx LERMIT, Faculty of Medicine, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; Associated French National Reference Center for Antibiotic Resistance-Carbapenemase-Producing Enterobacteriaceae, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; Bacteriology-Hygiene Unit, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, AP-HP Paris Saclay, Bicêtre Hospital, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
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Padhy I, Dwibedy SK, Mohapatra SS. A molecular overview of the polymyxin-LPS interaction in the context of its mode of action and resistance development. Microbiol Res 2024; 283:127679. [PMID: 38508087 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2024.127679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
With the rising incidences of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and the diminishing options of novel antimicrobial agents, it is paramount to decipher the molecular mechanisms of action and the emergence of resistance to the existing drugs. Polymyxin, a cationic antimicrobial lipopeptide, is used to treat infections by Gram-negative bacterial pathogens as a last option. Though polymyxins were identified almost seventy years back, their use has been restricted owing to toxicity issues in humans. However, their clinical use has been increasing in recent times resulting in the rise of polymyxin resistance. Moreover, the detection of "mobile colistin resistance (mcr)" genes in the environment and their spread across the globe have complicated the scenario. The mechanism of polymyxin action and the development of resistance is not thoroughly understood. Specifically, the polymyxin-bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) interaction is a challenging area of investigation. The use of advanced biophysical techniques and improvement in molecular dynamics simulation approaches have furthered our understanding of this interaction, which will help develop polymyxin analogs with better bactericidal effects and lesser toxicity in the future. In this review, we have delved deeper into the mechanisms of polymyxin-LPS interactions, highlighting several models proposed, and the mechanisms of polymyxin resistance development in some of the most critical Gram-negative pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indira Padhy
- Molecular Microbiology Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Berhampur University, Bhanja Bihar, Berhampur 760007, Odisha, India
| | - Sambit K Dwibedy
- Molecular Microbiology Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Berhampur University, Bhanja Bihar, Berhampur 760007, Odisha, India
| | - Saswat S Mohapatra
- Molecular Microbiology Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Berhampur University, Bhanja Bihar, Berhampur 760007, Odisha, India.
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20
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Yamada N, Kamoshida G, Shiraishi T, Yamaguchi D, Matsuoka M, Yamauchi R, Kanda N, Kamioka R, Takemoto N, Morita Y, Fujimuro M, Yokota SI, Yahiro K. PmrAB, the two-component system of Acinetobacter baumannii, controls the phosphoethanolamine modification of lipooligosaccharide in response to metal ions. J Bacteriol 2024; 206:e0043523. [PMID: 38661375 PMCID: PMC11112996 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00435-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Acinetobacter baumannii is highly resistant to antimicrobial agents, and XDR strains have become widespread. A. baumannii has developed resistance to colistin, which is considered the last resort against XDR Gram-negative bacteria, mainly caused by lipooligosaccharide (LOS) phosphoethanolamine (pEtN) and/or galactosamine (GalN) modifications induced by mutations that activate the two-component system (TCS) pmrAB. Although PmrAB of A. baumannii has been recognized as a drug resistance factor, its function as TCS, including its regulatory genes and response factors, has not been fully elucidated. In this study, to clarify the function of PmrAB as TCS, we elucidated the regulatory genes (regulon) of PmrAB via transcriptome analysis using pmrAB-activated mutant strains. We discovered that PmrAB responds to low pH, Fe2+, Zn2+, and Al3+. A. baumannii selectively recognizes Fe2+ rather than Fe3+, and a novel region ExxxE, in addition to the ExxE motif sequence, is involved in the environmental response. Furthermore, PmrAB participates in the phosphoethanolamine modification of LOS on the bacterial surface in response to metal ions such as Al3+, contributing to the attenuation of Al3+ toxicity and development of resistance to colistin and polymyxin B in A. baumannii. This study demonstrates that PmrAB in A. baumannii not only regulates genes that play an important role in drug resistance but is also involved in responses to environmental stimuli such as metal ions and pH, and this stimulation induces LOS modification. This study reveals the importance of PmrAB in the environmental adaptation and antibacterial resistance emergence mechanisms of A. baumannii. IMPORTANCE Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a pressing global issue in human health. Acinetobacter baumannii is notably high on the World Health Organization's list of bacteria for which new antimicrobial agents are urgently needed. Colistin is one of the last-resort drugs used against extensively drug-resistant (XDR) Gram-negative bacteria. However, A. baumannii has become increasingly resistant to colistin, primarily by modifying its lipooligosaccharide (LOS) via activating mutations in the two-component system (TCS) PmrAB. This study comprehensively elucidates the detailed mechanism of drug resistance of PmrAB in A. baumannii as well as its biological functions. Understanding the molecular biology of these molecules, which serve as drug resistance factors and are involved in environmental recognition mechanisms in bacteria, is crucial for developing fundamental solutions to the AMR problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriteru Yamada
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Infection Control, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto, Japan
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Go Kamoshida
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Infection Control, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Infection Control Science, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Shiraishi
- Department of Microbiology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Daiki Yamaguchi
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Infection Control, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Momoko Matsuoka
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Infection Control, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Reika Yamauchi
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Infection Control, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Nana Kanda
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Infection Control, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Roku Kamioka
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Infection Control, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Norihiko Takemoto
- Pathogenic Microbe Laboratory, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuji Morita
- Department of Infection Control Science, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahiro Fujimuro
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shin-ichi Yokota
- Department of Microbiology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Kinnosuke Yahiro
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Infection Control, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto, Japan
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21
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Bandić Pavlović D, Pospišil M, Nađ M, Vrbanović Mijatović V, Luxner J, Zarfel G, Grisold A, Tonković D, Dobrić M, Bedenić B. Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria in Surgical Intensive Care Units: Antibiotic Susceptibility and β-Lactamase Characterization. Pathogens 2024; 13:411. [PMID: 38787264 PMCID: PMC11124292 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13050411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria of the utmost importance are extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) and carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (CRE), carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB), carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (CRPA), methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus spp. (VRE). In this study, an evaluation of MDR bacteria in surgical intensive care units in a tertiary referral hospital was conducted. The study aimed to characterize β-lactamases and other resistance traits of Gram-negative bacteria isolated in surgical intensive care units (ICUs). Disk diffusion and the broth dilution method were used for antibiotic susceptibility testing, whereas ESBL screening was performed through a double disk synergy test and an inhibitor-based test with clavulanic acid. A total of 119 MDR bacterial isolates were analysed. ESBL production was observed in half of the Proteus mirabilis, 90% of the Klebsiella pneumoniae and all of the Enterobacter cloacae and Escherichia coli isolates. OXA-48 carbapenemase, carried by the L plasmid, was detected in 34 K. pneumoniae and one E. coli and Enterobacter cloacae complex isolates, whereas NDM occurred sporadically and was identified in three K. pneumoniae isolates. OXA-48 positive isolates coharboured ESBLs belonging to the CTX-M family in all but one isolate. OXA-23 carbapenemase was confirmed in all A. baumannii isolates. The findings of this study provide valuable insight of resistance determinants of Enterobacterales and A. baumannii which will enhance surveillance and intervention strategies that are necessary to curb the ever-growing carbapenem resistance rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Bandić Pavlović
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (D.B.P.); (V.V.M.); (D.T.)
| | - Mladen Pospišil
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Marina Nađ
- University of Zagreb School of Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Vilena Vrbanović Mijatović
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (D.B.P.); (V.V.M.); (D.T.)
| | - Josefa Luxner
- Institute for Hygiene, Microbiology and Environmental Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (J.L.); (G.Z.); (A.G.)
| | - Gernot Zarfel
- Institute for Hygiene, Microbiology and Environmental Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (J.L.); (G.Z.); (A.G.)
| | - Andrea Grisold
- Institute for Hygiene, Microbiology and Environmental Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (J.L.); (G.Z.); (A.G.)
| | - Dinko Tonković
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (D.B.P.); (V.V.M.); (D.T.)
| | - Mirela Dobrić
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Medicine and Pain Management, University Hospital Centre Sestre Milosrdnice, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Branka Bedenić
- Biomedical Research Center Šalata—BIMIS, Department for Clinical Microbiology and Infection Prevention and Control, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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Papazachariou A, Tziolos RN, Karakonstantis S, Ioannou P, Samonis G, Kofteridis DP. Treatment Strategies of Colistin Resistance Acinetobacter baumannii Infections. Antibiotics (Basel) 2024; 13:423. [PMID: 38786151 PMCID: PMC11117269 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13050423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Acinetobacter baumannii has emerged as a pressing challenge in clinical practice, mainly due to the development of resistance to multiple antibiotics, including colistin, one of the last-resort treatments. This review highlights all the possible mechanisms of colistin resistance and the genetic basis contributing to this resistance, such as modifications to lipopolysaccharide or lipid A structures, alterations in outer membrane permeability via porins and heteroresistance. In light of this escalating threat, the review also evaluates available treatment options. The development of new antibiotics (cefiderocol, sulbactam/durlobactam) although not available everywhere, and the use of various combinations and synergistic drug combinations (including two or more of the following: a polymyxin, ampicillin/sulbactam, carbapenems, fosfomycin, tigecycline/minocycline, a rifamycin, and aminoglycosides) are discussed in the context of overcoming colistin resistance of A. baumannii infections. Although most studied combinations are polymyxin-based combinations, non-polymyxin-based combinations have been emerging as promising options. However, clinical data remain limited and continued investigation is essential to determine optimal therapeutic strategies against colistin-resistant A. baumannii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andria Papazachariou
- Department of Internal Medicine & Infectious Diseases, University General Hospital of Heraklion, 71500 Heraklion, Greece; (A.P.); (R.-N.T.); (S.K.)
| | - Renatos-Nikolaos Tziolos
- Department of Internal Medicine & Infectious Diseases, University General Hospital of Heraklion, 71500 Heraklion, Greece; (A.P.); (R.-N.T.); (S.K.)
| | - Stamatis Karakonstantis
- Department of Internal Medicine & Infectious Diseases, University General Hospital of Heraklion, 71500 Heraklion, Greece; (A.P.); (R.-N.T.); (S.K.)
| | - Petros Ioannou
- Department of Internal Medicine & Infectious Diseases, University General Hospital of Heraklion, 71500 Heraklion, Greece; (A.P.); (R.-N.T.); (S.K.)
| | - George Samonis
- Department of Internal Medicine & Infectious Diseases, University General Hospital of Heraklion, 71500 Heraklion, Greece; (A.P.); (R.-N.T.); (S.K.)
- Metropolitan Hospital, Neon Faliron, 18547 Athens, Greece
| | - Diamantis P. Kofteridis
- Department of Internal Medicine & Infectious Diseases, University General Hospital of Heraklion, 71500 Heraklion, Greece; (A.P.); (R.-N.T.); (S.K.)
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23
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McCarlie SJ, du Preez LL, Hernandez JC, Boucher CE, Bragg RR. Transcriptomic signature of bacteria exposed to benzalkonium chloride. Res Microbiol 2024; 175:104151. [PMID: 37952705 DOI: 10.1016/j.resmic.2023.104151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted our reliance on biocides, the increasing prevalence of resistance to biocides is a risk to public health. Bacterial exposure to the biocide, benzalkonium chloride (BAC), resulted in a unique transcriptomic profile, characterised by both a short and long-term response. Differential gene expression was observed in four main areas: motility, membrane composition, proteostasis, and the stress response. A metabolism shift to protect the proteome and the stress response were prioritised suggesting these are main resistance mechanisms. Whereas "well-established" mechanisms, such as biofilm formation, were not found to be differentially expressed after exposure to BAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha J McCarlie
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry, University of the Free State, South Africa
| | - Louis L du Preez
- Research & HPC: ICT Services, University of the Free State, South Africa
| | | | - Charlotte E Boucher
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry, University of the Free State, South Africa
| | - Robert R Bragg
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry, University of the Free State, South Africa.
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24
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Thadtapong N, Chaturongakul S, Napaswad C, Dubbs P, Soodvilai S. Enhancing effect of natural adjuvant, panduratin A, on antibacterial activity of colistin against multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii. Sci Rep 2024; 14:9863. [PMID: 38684853 PMCID: PMC11059350 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-60627-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Colistin- and carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii is a serious multidrug resistant (MDR) bacterium in clinical settings. Discovery of new antibacterial drugs against MDR is facing multiple challenges in drug development. Combination of known antibiotics with a robust adjuvant might be an alternative effective strategy for MDR treatment. In the study herein, we report an antibiotic adjuvant activity of a natural compound panduratin A from fingerroot (Boesenbergia rotunda) as a potent adjuvant to colistin. The present study investigated the antibiotic adjuvant effect of panduratin A against 10 colistin- and carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii. Antibacterial activities were tested by broth microdilution method. Biofilm assay was used to determine the efficacy of panduratin A in biofilm formation inhibition on two representative strains Aci46 and Aci44. Genomic and transcriptomic analyses of colistin- and carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii strains were used to identify potential resistance and tolerance mechanism in the bacteria. Panduratin A-colistin combination showed an increased effect on antibacterial in the A. baumannii. However, panduratin A did not improve the antibacterial activity of imipenem. In addition, panduratin A improves anti-biofilm activity of colistin against Aci44 and Aci46, the colistin- and carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii. Panduratin A markedly enhances bactericidal and anti-biofilm activity of colistin against colistin- resistant A. baumannii. Based on genome comparisons, single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) patterns in six genes encoding biofilm and lipid A biosynthesis were shared in Aci44 and Aci46. In Aci44, we identified a partial sequence of pmrB encoding a polymyxin resistant component PmrB, whereas a full length of pmrB was observed in Aci46. RNA-seq analyses of Aci44 revealed that panduratin A-colistin combination induced expression of ribosomal proteins and oxidative stress response proteins, whereas iron transporter and MFS-type transporter systems were suppressed. Panduratin A-colistin combination could promote intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation could lead to the cidal effect on colistin-resistant A. baumannii. Combination of panduratin A and colistin showed a significant increase in colistin efficacy against colistin- resistant A. baumannii in comparison of colistin alone. Genomic comparison between Aci44 and Aci46 showed mutations and SNPs that might affect different phenotypes. Additionally, based on RNA-Seq, panduratin A-colistin combination could lead to ROS production and accumulation. These findings confirmed the potency of panduratin as colistin adjuvant against multidrug resistant A. baumannii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nalumon Thadtapong
- Research Center of Transport Protein for Medical Innovation, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Soraya Chaturongakul
- Center for Advanced Therapeutics, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Chanita Napaswad
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Padungsri Dubbs
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sunhapas Soodvilai
- Research Center of Transport Protein for Medical Innovation, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
- Excellent Center for Drug Discovery, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
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25
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Sohrabi M, Pirbonyeh N, Alizade Naini M, Rasekhi A, Ayoub A, Hashemizadeh Z, Shahcheraghi F. A challenging case of carbapenem resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae-related pyogenic liver abscess with capsular polysaccharide hyperproduction: a case report. BMC Infect Dis 2024; 24:433. [PMID: 38654215 PMCID: PMC11040961 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-024-09314-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) infections are a major public health problem, necessitating the administration of polymyxin E (colistin) as a last-line antibiotic. Meanwhile, the mortality rate associated with colistin-resistant K. pneumoniae infections is seriously increasing. On the other hand, importance of administration of carbapenems in promoting colistin resistance in K. pneumoniae is unknown. CASE PRESENTATION We report a case of K. pneumoniae-related pyogenic liver abscess in which susceptible K. pneumoniae transformed into carbapenem- and colistin-resistant K. pneumoniae during treatment with imipenem. The case of pyogenic liver abscess was a 50-year-old man with diabetes and liver transplant who was admitted to Abu Ali Sina Hospital in Shiraz. The K. pneumoniae isolate responsible for community-acquired pyogenic liver abscess was isolated and identified. The K. pneumoniae isolate was sensitive to all tested antibiotics except ampicillin in the antimicrobial susceptibility test and was identified as a non-K1/K2 classical K. pneumoniae (cKp) strain. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) identified the isolate as sequence type 54 (ST54). Based on the patient's request, he was discharged to continue treatment at another center. After two months, he was readmitted due to fever and progressive constitutional symptoms. During treatment with imipenem, the strain acquired blaOXA-48 and showed resistance to carbapenems and was identified as a multidrug resistant (MDR) strain. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) test for colistin was performed by broth microdilution method and the strain was sensitive to colistin (MIC < 2 µg/mL). Meanwhile, on blood agar, the colonies had a sticky consistency and adhered to the culture medium (sticky mucoviscous colonies). Quantitative real-time PCR and biofilm formation assay revealed that the CRKP strain increased capsule wzi gene expression and produced slime in response to imipenem. Finally, K. pneumoniae-related pyogenic liver abscess with resistance to a wide range of antibiotics, including the last-line antibiotics colistin and tigecycline, led to sepsis and death. CONCLUSIONS Based on this information, can we have a theoretical hypothesis that imipenem is a promoter of resistance to carbapenems and colistin in K. pneumoniae? This needs more attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Sohrabi
- Department of Bacteriology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Neda Pirbonyeh
- Department of Microbiology, Burn and Wound Healing Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mahvash Alizade Naini
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Alireza Rasekhi
- Department of Radiology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Abbas Ayoub
- Department of Radiology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Zahra Hashemizadeh
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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26
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Zheng EJ, Valeri JA, Andrews IW, Krishnan A, Bandyopadhyay P, Anahtar MN, Herneisen A, Schulte F, Linnehan B, Wong F, Stokes JM, Renner LD, Lourido S, Collins JJ. Discovery of antibiotics that selectively kill metabolically dormant bacteria. Cell Chem Biol 2024; 31:712-728.e9. [PMID: 38029756 PMCID: PMC11031330 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2023.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
There is a need to discover and develop non-toxic antibiotics that are effective against metabolically dormant bacteria, which underlie chronic infections and promote antibiotic resistance. Traditional antibiotic discovery has historically favored compounds effective against actively metabolizing cells, a property that is not predictive of efficacy in metabolically inactive contexts. Here, we combine a stationary-phase screening method with deep learning-powered virtual screens and toxicity filtering to discover compounds with lethality against metabolically dormant bacteria and favorable toxicity profiles. The most potent and structurally distinct compound without any obvious mechanistic liability was semapimod, an anti-inflammatory drug effective against stationary-phase E. coli and A. baumannii. Integrating microbiological assays, biochemical measurements, and single-cell microscopy, we show that semapimod selectively disrupts and permeabilizes the bacterial outer membrane by binding lipopolysaccharide. This work illustrates the value of harnessing non-traditional screening methods and deep learning models to identify non-toxic antibacterial compounds that are effective in infection-relevant contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica J Zheng
- Program in Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Infectious Disease and Microbiome Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jacqueline A Valeri
- Infectious Disease and Microbiome Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Institute for Medical Engineering & Science, Department of Biological Engineering, and Synthetic Biology Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ian W Andrews
- Infectious Disease and Microbiome Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Institute for Medical Engineering & Science, Department of Biological Engineering, and Synthetic Biology Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Aarti Krishnan
- Infectious Disease and Microbiome Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Institute for Medical Engineering & Science, Department of Biological Engineering, and Synthetic Biology Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Parijat Bandyopadhyay
- Infectious Disease and Microbiome Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Institute for Medical Engineering & Science, Department of Biological Engineering, and Synthetic Biology Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Melis N Anahtar
- Infectious Disease and Microbiome Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Institute for Medical Engineering & Science, Department of Biological Engineering, and Synthetic Biology Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Alice Herneisen
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Biology, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Fabian Schulte
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Brooke Linnehan
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Felix Wong
- Infectious Disease and Microbiome Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Institute for Medical Engineering & Science, Department of Biological Engineering, and Synthetic Biology Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Jonathan M Stokes
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 3Z5, Canada
| | - Lars D Renner
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research and the Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Sebastian Lourido
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Biology, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - James J Collins
- Infectious Disease and Microbiome Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Institute for Medical Engineering & Science, Department of Biological Engineering, and Synthetic Biology Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard-MIT Program in Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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27
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Kardos G, Laczkó L, Kaszab E, Timmer B, Szarka K, Prépost E, Bányai K. Phylogeny of Transferable Oxazolidinone Resistance Genes and Homologs. Antibiotics (Basel) 2024; 13:311. [PMID: 38666987 PMCID: PMC11047308 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13040311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Oxazolidinone resistance, especially transmissible resistance, is a major public health concern, and the origin of this resistance mechanism is not yet resolved. This study aims to delve into the phylogenetic origin of the transmissible oxazolidinone resistance mechanisms conferring cross-resistance to other drugs of human and veterinary importance. The amino acid sequences of the five cfr ribosomal methylases and optrA and poxtA were used as queries in searches against 219,549 bacterial proteomes in the NCBI RefSeq database. Hits with >40% amino acid identity and >80% query coverage were aligned, and phylogenetic trees were reconstructed. All five cfr genes yielded highly similar trees, with rlmN housekeeping ribosomal methylases located basal to the sister groups of S-adenosyl-methionine-dependent methyltransferases from various Deltaproteobacteria and Actinomycetia, including antibiotic-producing Streptomyces species, and the monophyletic group of cfr genes. The basal branches of the latter contained paenibacilli and other soil bacteria; they then could be split into the clades [cfr(C):cfr(E)] and [[cfr:cfr(B)]:cfr(D)], always with different Bacillaceae in their stems. Lachnospiraceae were encountered in the basal branches of both optrA and poxtA trees. The ultimate origin of the cfr genes is the rlmN housekeeping ribosomal methylases, which evolved into a suicide-avoiding methylase in antibiotic producers; a soil organism (Lachnospiraceae, Paenibacilli) probably acted as a transfer organism into pathogenic bacteria. In the case of optrA, the porcine pathogenic Streptococcus suis was present in all branches, while the proteins closest to poxtA originated from Clostridia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gábor Kardos
- Institute of Metagenomics, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (B.T.); (K.S.)
- One Health Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (L.L.); (E.K.)
| | - Levente Laczkó
- One Health Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (L.L.); (E.K.)
- HUN-REN-DE Conservation Biology Research Group, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Eszter Kaszab
- One Health Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (L.L.); (E.K.)
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Veterinary Medicine, H-1078 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Bálint Timmer
- Institute of Metagenomics, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (B.T.); (K.S.)
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Krisztina Szarka
- Institute of Metagenomics, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (B.T.); (K.S.)
- One Health Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (L.L.); (E.K.)
| | - Eszter Prépost
- Department of Health Industry, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
| | - Krisztián Bányai
- Pathogen Discovery Group, HUN-REN Veterinary Medical Research Institute, H-1143 Budapest, Hungary
- National Laboratory for Infectious Animal Diseases, Antimicrobial Resistance, Veterinary Public Health and Food Chain Safety, H-1143 Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine, H-1078 Budapest, Hungary
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28
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Marchant P, Vivanco E, Silva A, Nevermann J, Fuentes I, Barrera B, Otero C, Calderón IL, Gil F, Fuentes JA. β-lactam-induced OMV release promotes polymyxin tolerance in Salmonella enterica sv. Typhi. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1389663. [PMID: 38591031 PMCID: PMC10999688 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1389663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The rise of multidrug-resistant bacteria is a global concern, leading to a renewed reliance on older antibiotics like polymyxins as a last resort. Polymyxins, cationic cyclic peptides synthesized nonribosomally, feature a hydrophobic acyl tail and positively charged residues. Their antimicrobial mechanism involves initial interaction with Gram-negative bacterial outer-membrane components through polar and hydrophobic interactions. Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs), nano-sized proteoliposomes secreted from the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria, play a crucial role in tolerating harmful molecules, including cationic peptides such as polymyxins. Existing literature has documented environmental changes' impact on modulating OMV properties in Salmonella Typhimurium. However, less information exists regarding OMV production and characteristics in Salmonella Typhi. A previous study in our laboratory showed that S. Typhi ΔmrcB, a mutant associated with penicillin-binding protein (PBP, a β-lactam antibiotic target), exhibited hypervesiculation. Consequently, this study investigated the potential impact of β-lactam antibiotics on promoting polymyxin tolerance via OMVs in S. Typhi. Our results demonstrated that sub-lethal doses of β-lactams increased bacterial survival against polymyxin B in S. Typhi. This phenomenon stems from β-lactam antibiotics inducing hypervesiculation of OMVs with higher affinity for polymyxin B, capturing and diminishing its biologically effective concentration. These findings suggest that β-lactam antibiotic use may inadvertently contribute to decreased polymyxin effectivity against S. Typhi or other Gram-negative bacteria, complicating the effective treatment of infections caused by these pathogens. This study emphasizes the importance of evaluating the influence of β-lactam antibiotics on the interaction between OMVs and other antimicrobial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Marchant
- Laboratorio de Genética y Patogénesis Bacteriana, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Erika Vivanco
- Laboratorio de Genética y Patogénesis Bacteriana, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Andrés Silva
- Laboratorio de Genética y Patogénesis Bacteriana, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jan Nevermann
- Laboratorio de Genética y Patogénesis Bacteriana, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ignacio Fuentes
- Laboratorio de Genética y Patogénesis Bacteriana, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Boris Barrera
- Escuela de Tecnología Médica, Facultad de Salud, Universidad Santo Tomás, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carolina Otero
- Escuela de Química y Farmacia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Iván L. Calderón
- Laboratorio de RNAs Bacterianos, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Fernando Gil
- Microbiota-Host Interactions and Clostridia Research Group, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Juan A. Fuentes
- Laboratorio de Genética y Patogénesis Bacteriana, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
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29
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Lagerstrom KM, Scales NC, Hadly EA. Impressive pan-genomic diversity of E. coli from a wild animal community near urban development reflects human impacts. iScience 2024; 27:109072. [PMID: 38375235 PMCID: PMC10875580 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Human and domesticated animal waste infiltrates global freshwater, terrestrial, and marine environments, widely disseminating fecal microbes, antibiotics, and other chemical pollutants. Emerging evidence suggests that guts of wild animals are being invaded by our microbes, including Escherichia coli, which face anthropogenic selective pressures to gain antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and increase virulence. However, wild animal sources remain starkly under-represented among genomic sequence repositories. We sequenced whole genomes of 145 E. coli isolates from 55 wild and 13 domestic animal fecal samples, averaging 2 (ranging 1-7) isolates per sample, on a preserve imbedded in a human-dominated landscape in California Bay Area, USA, to assess AMR, virulence, and pan-genomic diversity. With single nucleotide polymorphism analyses we predict potential transmission routes. We illustrate the usefulness of E. coli to aid our understanding of and ability to surveil the emergence of zoonotic pathogens created by the mixing of human and wild bacteria in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nicholas C. Scales
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Elizabeth A. Hadly
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Woods Institute for the Environment, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Center for Innovation in Global Health, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Earth Systems Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
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30
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Rebelo AR, Hendriksen RS. Database of all currently known mobile colistin resistance genes. Microbiol Resour Announc 2024; 13:e0077923. [PMID: 38385708 DOI: 10.1128/mra.00779-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
We created a database of all currently known mobile colistin resistance genes and variants (n = 115). It contains accession numbers of the gene and protein sequences, mutations between the protein variants and the main proteins, and additional metadata. It is accompanied by all genetic and protein sequences as two aggregated FASTA files.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Rita Rebelo
- Research Group for Global Capacity Building, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Rene S Hendriksen
- Research Group for Global Capacity Building, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
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31
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Baek JY, Yang J, Ko JH, Cho SY, Huh K, Chung DR, Peck KR, Ko KS, Kang CI. Extensively drug-resistant Enterobacter ludwigii co-harbouring MCR-9 and a multicopy of bla IMP-1 in South Korea. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2024; 36:217-222. [PMID: 38157935 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2023.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, we describe an Enterobacter ludwigii clinical isolate that is resistant to both carbapenems and colistin in South Korea. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing revealed that E. ludwigii CRE2104-31 was non-susceptible to all tested antibiotics except fosfomycin. Whole genome sequencing identified a 323-kbp IncHI2 plasmid, pCRE2104-31a, that was co-harbouring mobile colistin resistance (mcr)-9.1 and blaIMP-1. In comparison with other full plasmids, pCRE2104-31a exhibited the closest similarity to a plasmid from the Klebsiella pneumoniae strain CNR48 from France, with 19.9% query coverage and 99% identity. Notably, we observed five tandem repeats of blaIMP-1 and aac(6')-Il genes, accompanied by multiple attCs within a class I integron on the Tn402-like transposon. The unit of blaIMP-1-attC-aac(6')-Il-attC might have accumulated due to multiple convergent events. In addition to mcr-9.1 and blaIMP-1, various other antibiotic resistance-associated genes were identified in the plasmid, as follows: blaTEM-1B, aph(3')-I, aph(3')-Ia, aac(6')-Il, aac(6')-IIc, aac(6')-IIa, aph(6)-Id, aph(3'')-Ib, aadA2b, aac(6')-Ib3, sul, dfrA19, qnrB2, aac(6')-Ib-cr, ere(A), and qacE. A conjugation assay showed that the mcr-9.1/blaIMP-1-co-bearing plasmid was self-transmissible to E. coli J53. However, colistin and carbapenem resistance could not be transferred to E. coli due to high incompatibility. The convergence of mcr and carbapenemase genes is thought to be host-dependent among Enterobacteriaceae. The emergence of extensively drug-resistant E. ludwigii co-harbouring MCR-9.1 and a multicopy of blaIMP-1 would pose a significant threat within the compatible Enterobacteriaceae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Yang Baek
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Asia Pacific Foundation for Infectious Diseases (APFID), Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinyoung Yang
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Hoon Ko
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Young Cho
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungmin Huh
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Doo Ryeon Chung
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyong Ran Peck
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwan Soo Ko
- Department of Microbiology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea.
| | - Cheol-In Kang
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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32
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Ananda T, Vandana KE, Mukhopadhyay C. Comparative evaluation of Vitek®2 and broth microdilution method for colistin susceptibility testing of Gram-negative isolates from intensive care unit in a tertiary care hospital. Indian J Med Microbiol 2024; 48:100559. [PMID: 38447856 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmmb.2024.100559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Colistin is the last resort treatment against resistant Gram-negative bacteria, necessitating reliable and rapid means for sensitivity testing of colistin. Automated systems like VITEK®2 are adopted to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) due to easy usage. Broth microdilution (BMD) for colistin MIC was suggested by EUCAST and CLSI. OBJECTIVE To compare and evaluate colistin MIC by BMD and VITEK®2 against Gram-negative organisms from the ICU in a tertiary care hospital. METHOD Clinically significant organisms isolated from ICU patients were included. MIC was determined using BMD and VITEK®2. Very major error (VME), major error (ME), essential agreement (EA), categorical agreement (CA), positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), sensitivity, and specificity were analysed. RESULT 533 isolates were obtained from blood (435,81.60%), respiratory samples (57,10.70%), pus and exudates (20,3.80%), urine (18,3.40%), and CSF (3,0.60%). The Enterobacterales were K. pneumoniae (185,34.70%) E. coli (73,13.70%) and E. cloacae (26,4.90%) while non-fermenters were A. baumannii (209,39.20%) and P. aeruginosa (40,7.50%). The VITEK®2 sensitivity was >99%; specificity ranged from 14.28 to 52.94%. PPV was 93.81% while NPV was 93.75%. VME ranged from 47 to 100% between isolates. ME was up to 20%. The highest VME was obtained in E. coli (100%). The total EA and CA observed were 68.5% and 99.79% respectively. CONCLUSION Automated system VITEK®2 failed to detect the resistance in 32 (60%) isolates. The obtained VME and ME values were >3%, which is unacceptable as per the standard guidelines. EA of ≥90% wasn't obtained. Sensitivity for VITEK®2 was >99%, but had low specificity (14.28%). Hence, VITEK®2 is not reliable for colistin susceptibility testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thripthi Ananda
- Department of Microbiology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, Karnataka, India.
| | - K E Vandana
- Department of Microbiology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, Karnataka, India; Center for Antimicrobial Resistance and Education, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, Karnataka, India.
| | - Chiranjay Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Microbiology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, Karnataka, India; Center for Emerging and Tropical Diseases, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, Karnataka, India.
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Lucidi M, Imperi F, Artuso I, Capecchi G, Spagnoli C, Visaggio D, Rampioni G, Leoni L, Visca P. Phage-mediated colistin resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii. Drug Resist Updat 2024; 73:101061. [PMID: 38301486 DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2024.101061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
AIMS Antimicrobial resistance is a global threat to human health, and Acinetobacter baumannii is a paradigmatic example of how rapidly bacteria become resistant to clinically relevant antimicrobials. The emergence of multidrug-resistant A. baumannii strains has forced the revival of colistin as a last-resort drug, suddenly leading to the emergence of colistin resistance. We investigated the genetic and molecular basis of colistin resistance in A. baumannii, and the mechanisms implicated in its regulation and dissemination. METHODS Comparative genomic analysis was combined with genetic, biochemical, and phenotypic assays to characterize Φ19606, an A. baumannii temperate bacteriophage that carries a colistin resistance gene. RESULTS Ф19606 was detected in 41% of 523 A. baumannii complete genomes and demonstrated to act as a mobile vehicle of the colistin resistance gene eptA1, encoding a functional lipid A phosphoethanolamine transferase. The eptA1 gene is coregulated with its chromosomal homolog pmrC via the PmrAB two-component system and confers colistin resistance when induced by low calcium and magnesium levels. Resistance selection assays showed that the eptA1-harbouring phage Ф19606 promotes the emergence of spontaneous colistin-resistant mutants. CONCLUSIONS Φ19606 is an unprecedented example of a self-transmissible phage vector implicated in the dissemination of colistin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimiliano Lucidi
- Department of Science, Roma Tre University, Viale G. Marconi 446, 00146 Rome, Italy; NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, piazza Marina 61, 90133 Palermo, Italy.
| | - Francesco Imperi
- Department of Science, Roma Tre University, Viale G. Marconi 446, 00146 Rome, Italy; NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, piazza Marina 61, 90133 Palermo, Italy; Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS, Via Ardeatina 306/354, 00179 Rome, Italy
| | - Irene Artuso
- Department of Science, Roma Tre University, Viale G. Marconi 446, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Capecchi
- Department of Science, Roma Tre University, Viale G. Marconi 446, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Cinzia Spagnoli
- Department of Science, Roma Tre University, Viale G. Marconi 446, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Visaggio
- Department of Science, Roma Tre University, Viale G. Marconi 446, 00146 Rome, Italy; NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, piazza Marina 61, 90133 Palermo, Italy; Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS, Via Ardeatina 306/354, 00179 Rome, Italy
| | - Giordano Rampioni
- Department of Science, Roma Tre University, Viale G. Marconi 446, 00146 Rome, Italy; Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS, Via Ardeatina 306/354, 00179 Rome, Italy
| | - Livia Leoni
- Department of Science, Roma Tre University, Viale G. Marconi 446, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Visca
- Department of Science, Roma Tre University, Viale G. Marconi 446, 00146 Rome, Italy; NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, piazza Marina 61, 90133 Palermo, Italy; Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS, Via Ardeatina 306/354, 00179 Rome, Italy.
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Lobertti CA, Gizzi FO, Magni C, Rial A, Chabalgoity JA, Yim L, Blancato VS, Asquith CRM, García Véscovi E. Enhancing colistin efficacy against Salmonella infections with a quinazoline-based dual therapeutic strategy. Sci Rep 2024; 14:5148. [PMID: 38429351 PMCID: PMC10907601 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-55793-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Colistin remains one of the last-resort therapies for combating infections caused by multidrug-resistant (MDR) Enterobacterales, despite its adverse nephro- and neuro-toxic effects. This study elucidates the mechanism of action of a non-antibiotic 4-anilinoquinazoline-based compound that synergistically enhances the effectiveness of colistin against Salmonella enterica. The quinazoline sensitizes Salmonella by deactivating intrinsic, mutational, and transferable resistance mechanisms that enable Salmonella to counteract the antibiotic impact colistin, together with an induced disruption to the electrochemical balance of the bacterial membrane. The attenuation of colistin resistance via the combined treatment approach also proves efficacious against E. coli, Klebsiella, and Acinetobacter strains. The dual therapy reduces the mortality of Galleria mellonella larvae undergoing a systemic Salmonella infection when compared to individual drug treatments. Overall, our findings unveil the potential of the quinazoline-colistin combined therapy as an innovative strategy against MDR bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos A Lobertti
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Predio CCT-CONICET Rosario, S2000, Santa Fe, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Fernán O Gizzi
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Predio CCT-CONICET Rosario, S2000, Santa Fe, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Christian Magni
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Predio CCT-CONICET Rosario, S2000, Santa Fe, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Analía Rial
- Departamento de Desarrollo Biotecnológico, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Higiene, Universidad de La República, Avda. Alfredo Navarro 3051, 11600, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - José A Chabalgoity
- Departamento de Desarrollo Biotecnológico, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Higiene, Universidad de La República, Avda. Alfredo Navarro 3051, 11600, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Lucía Yim
- Departamento de Desarrollo Biotecnológico, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Higiene, Universidad de La República, Avda. Alfredo Navarro 3051, 11600, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Víctor S Blancato
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Predio CCT-CONICET Rosario, S2000, Santa Fe, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Christopher R M Asquith
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Eleonora García Véscovi
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Predio CCT-CONICET Rosario, S2000, Santa Fe, Rosario, Argentina.
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Ghazawi A, Strepis N, Anes F, Yaaqeib D, Ahmed A, AlHosani A, AlShehhi M, Manzoor A, Habib I, Wani NA, Hays JP, Khan M. First Report of Colistin-Resistant Escherichia coli Carrying mcr-1 IncI2(delta) and IncX4 Plasmids from Camels ( Camelus dromedarius) in the Gulf Region. Antibiotics (Basel) 2024; 13:227. [PMID: 38534662 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13030227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Addressing the emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses a significant challenge in veterinary and public health. In this study, we focused on determining the presence, phenotypic background, and genetic epidemiology of plasmid-mediated colistin resistance (mcr) in Escherichia coli bacteria isolated from camels farmed in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Fecal samples were collected from 50 camels at a Dubai-based farm in the UAE and colistin-resistant Gram-negative bacilli were isolated using selective culture. Subsequently, a multiplex PCR targeting a range of mcr-genes, plasmid profiling, and whole-genome sequencing (WGS) were conducted. Eleven of fifty camel fecal samples (22%) yielded colonies positive for E. coli isolates carrying the mcr-1 gene on mobile genetic elements. No other mcr-gene variants and no chromosomally located colistin resistance genes were detected. Following plasmid profiling and WGS, nine E. coli isolates from eight camels were selected for in-depth analysis. E. coli sequence types (STs) identified included ST7, ST21, ST24, ST399, ST649, ST999, and STdaa2. Seven IncI2(delta) and two IncX4 plasmids were found to be associated with mcr-1 carriage in these isolates. These findings represent the first identification of mcr-1-carrying plasmids associated with camels in the Gulf region. The presence of mcr-1 in camels from this region was previously unreported and serves as a novel finding in the field of AMR surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akela Ghazawi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Nikolaos Strepis
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus University Medical Centre (Erasmus MC), P.O. Box 2040 Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Febin Anes
- Veterinary Public Health Research Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Dana Yaaqeib
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Amal Ahmed
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Aysha AlHosani
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mirah AlShehhi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ashrat Manzoor
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ihab Habib
- Veterinary Public Health Research Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Nisar A Wani
- Reproductive Biotechnology Center, Dubai P.O. Box 299003, United Arab Emirates
| | - John P Hays
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus University Medical Centre (Erasmus MC), P.O. Box 2040 Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mushtaq Khan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
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Sposato D, Mercolino J, Torrini L, Sperandeo P, Lucidi M, Alegiani R, Varone I, Molesini G, Leoni L, Rampioni G, Visca P, Imperi F. Redundant essentiality of AsmA-like proteins in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. mSphere 2024; 9:e0067723. [PMID: 38305166 PMCID: PMC10900882 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00677-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The outer membrane (OM) is an essential structure of Gram-negative bacteria that provides mechanical strength and protection from large and/or hydrophobic toxic molecules, including many antibiotics. The OM is composed of glycerophospholipids (GPLs) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the inner and outer leaflets, respectively, and hosts integral β-barrel proteins and lipoproteins. While the systems responsible for translocation and insertion of LPS and OM proteins have been elucidated, the mechanism(s) mediating transport of GPLs from the inner membrane to the OM has remained elusive for decades. Very recently, studies performed in Escherichia coli proposed a role in this process for AsmA-like proteins that are predicted to share structural features with eukaryotic lipid transporters. In this study, we provide the first systematic investigation of AsmA-like proteins in a bacterium other than E. coli, the opportunistic human pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Bioinformatic analyses revealed that P. aeruginosa possesses seven AsmA-like proteins. Deletion of asmA-like genes in many different combinations, coupled with conditional mutagenesis, revealed that four AsmA-like proteins are redundantly essential for growth and OM integrity in P. aeruginosa, including a novel AsmA-like protein (PA4735) that is not present in E. coli. Cells depleted of AsmA-like proteins showed severe defects in the OM permeability barrier that were partially rescued by lowering the synthesis or transport of LPS. Since fine balancing of GPL and LPS levels is crucial for OM integrity, this evidence supports the role of AsmA-like proteins in GPL transport toward the OM. IMPORTANCE Given the importance of the outer membrane (OM) for viability and antibiotic resistance in Gram-negative bacteria, in the last decades, several studies have focused on the characterization of the systems involved in OM biogenesis, which have also been explored as targets for antibacterial drug development. However, the mechanism mediating translocation of glycerophospholipids (GPLs) to the OM remained unknown until recent studies provided evidence that AsmA-like proteins could be responsible for this process. Here, we demonstrate for the first time that AsmA-like proteins are essential and redundant for growth and OM integrity in a Gram-negative bacterium other than the model organism Escherichia coli and demonstrate that the human pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa has an additional essential AsmA-like protein that is not present in E. coli, thus expanding the range of AsmA-like proteins that play key functions in Gram-negative bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Luisa Torrini
- Department of Science, University Roma Tre, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Sperandeo
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Lucidi
- Department of Science, University Roma Tre, Rome, Italy
- NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Palermo, Italy
| | | | - Ilaria Varone
- Department of Science, University Roma Tre, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Livia Leoni
- Department of Science, University Roma Tre, Rome, Italy
| | - Giordano Rampioni
- Department of Science, University Roma Tre, Rome, Italy
- IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Visca
- Department of Science, University Roma Tre, Rome, Italy
- NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Palermo, Italy
- IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Imperi
- Department of Science, University Roma Tre, Rome, Italy
- NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Palermo, Italy
- IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
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Zhang L, Wang M, Qi R, Yang Y, Liu Y, Ren N, Feng Z, Liu Q, Cao G, Zong G. A novel major facilitator superfamily-type tripartite efflux system CprABC mediates resistance to polymyxins in Chryseobacterium sp. PL22-22A. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1346340. [PMID: 38596380 PMCID: PMC11002906 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1346340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Polymyxin B (PMB) and polymyxin E (colistin, CST) are polymyxin antibiotics, which are considered last-line therapeutic options against multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria in serious infections. However, there is increasing risk of resistance to antimicrobial drugs. Effective efflux pump inhibitors (EPIs) should be developed to help combat efflux pump-mediated antibiotic resistance. Methods Chryseobacterium sp. PL22-22A was isolated from aquaculture sewage under selection with 8 mg/L PMB, and then its genome was sequenced using Oxford Nanopore and BGISEQ-500 platforms. Cpr (Chryseobacterium Polymyxins Resistance) genes encoding a major facilitator superfamily-type tripartite efflux system, were found in the genome. These genes, and the gene encoding a truncation mutant of CprB from which sequence called CprBc was deleted, were amplified and expressed/co-expressed in Escherichia coli DH5α. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of polymyxins toward the various E. coli heterologous expression strains were tested in the presence of 2-128 mg/L PMB or CST. The pumping activity of CprABC was assessed via structural modeling using Discovery Studio 2.0 software. Moreover, the influence on MICs of baicalin, a novel MFS EPI, was determined, and the effect was analyzed based on homology modeling. Results Multidrug-resistant bacterial strain Chryseobacterium sp. PL22-22A was isolated in this work; it has notable resistance to polymyxin, with MICs for PMB and CST of 96 and 128 mg/L, respectively. A novel MFS-type tripartite efflux system, named CprABC, was identified in the genome of Chryseobacterium sp. PL22-22A. Heterologous expression and EPI assays indicated that the CprABC system is responsible for the polymyxin resistance of Chryseobacterium sp. PL22-22A. Structural modeling suggested that this efflux system provides a continuous conduit that runs from the CprB funnel through the CprC porin domain to pump polymyxins out of the cell. A specific C-terminal α-helix, CprBc, has an activation function on polymyxin excretion by CprB. The flavonoid compound baicalin was found to affect the allostery of CprB and/or obstruct the substrate conduit, and thus to inhibit extracellular polymyxin transport by CprABC. Conclusion Novel MFS-type tripartite efflux system CprABC in Chryseobacterium sp. PL22-22A mediates resistance to polymyxins, and baicalin is a promising EPI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zhang
- Biomedical Sciences College & Shandong Medicinal Biotechnology Centre, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Ji’nan, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology Drugs (Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences), Ji’nan, China
| | - Miao Wang
- Shandong Fengjin Biopharmaceuticals Co., Ltd., Yantai, China
| | - Rui Qi
- Biomedical Sciences College & Shandong Medicinal Biotechnology Centre, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Ji’nan, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology Drugs (Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences), Ji’nan, China
| | - Yilin Yang
- Biomedical Sciences College & Shandong Medicinal Biotechnology Centre, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Ji’nan, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology Drugs (Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences), Ji’nan, China
| | - Ya Liu
- Biomedical Sciences College & Shandong Medicinal Biotechnology Centre, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Ji’nan, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology Drugs (Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences), Ji’nan, China
| | - Nianqing Ren
- Biomedical Sciences College & Shandong Medicinal Biotechnology Centre, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Ji’nan, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology Drugs (Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences), Ji’nan, China
| | - Zihan Feng
- Biomedical Sciences College & Shandong Medicinal Biotechnology Centre, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Ji’nan, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology Drugs (Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences), Ji’nan, China
| | - Qihao Liu
- Biomedical Sciences College & Shandong Medicinal Biotechnology Centre, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Ji’nan, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology Drugs (Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences), Ji’nan, China
| | - Guangxiang Cao
- Biomedical Sciences College & Shandong Medicinal Biotechnology Centre, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Ji’nan, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology Drugs (Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences), Ji’nan, China
| | - Gongli Zong
- Biomedical Sciences College & Shandong Medicinal Biotechnology Centre, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Ji’nan, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology Drugs (Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences), Ji’nan, China
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Zhou Y, Tu T, Yao X, Luo Y, Yang Z, Ren M, Zhang G, Yu Y, Lu A, Wang Y. Pan-genome analysis of Streptococcus suis serotype 2 highlights genes associated with virulence and antibiotic resistance. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1362316. [PMID: 38450165 PMCID: PMC10915096 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1362316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis serotype 2 (SS2) is a Gram-positive bacterium. It is a common and significant pathogen in pigs and a common cause of zoonotic meningitis in humans. It can lead to sepsis, endocarditis, arthritis, and pneumonia. If not diagnosed and treated promptly, it has a high mortality rate. The pan-genome of SS2 is open, and with an increasing number of genes, the core genome and accessory genome may exhibit more pronounced differences. Due to the diversity of SS2, the genes related to its virulence and resistance are still unclear. In this study, a strain of SS2 was isolated from a pig farm in Sichuan Province, China, and subjected to whole-genome sequencing and characterization. Subsequently, we conducted a Pan-Genome-Wide Association Study (Pan-GWAS) on 230 strains of SS2. Our analysis indicates that the core genome is composed of 1,458 genes related to the basic life processes of the bacterium. The accessory genome, consisting of 4,337 genes, is highly variable and a major contributor to the genetic diversity of SS2. Furthermore, we identified important virulence and resistance genes in SS2 through pan-GWAS. The virulence genes of SS2 are mainly associated with bacterial adhesion. In addition, resistance genes in the core genome may confer natural resistance of SS2 to fluoroquinolone and glycopeptide antibiotics. This study lays the foundation for further research on the virulence and resistance of SS2, providing potential new drug and vaccine targets against SS2.
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Affiliation(s)
- You Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Teng Tu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xueping Yao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Luo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zexiao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Meishen Ren
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Law Sau Fai Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone and Joint Diseases (TMBJ), School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area International Research Platform for Aptamer-based Translational Medicine and Drug Discovery (HKAP), Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Institute of Integrated Bioinformedicine and Translational Science (IBTS), School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ge Zhang
- Law Sau Fai Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone and Joint Diseases (TMBJ), School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area International Research Platform for Aptamer-based Translational Medicine and Drug Discovery (HKAP), Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Institute of Integrated Bioinformedicine and Translational Science (IBTS), School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yuanyuan Yu
- Law Sau Fai Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone and Joint Diseases (TMBJ), School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area International Research Platform for Aptamer-based Translational Medicine and Drug Discovery (HKAP), Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Institute of Integrated Bioinformedicine and Translational Science (IBTS), School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Aiping Lu
- Law Sau Fai Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone and Joint Diseases (TMBJ), School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area International Research Platform for Aptamer-based Translational Medicine and Drug Discovery (HKAP), Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Institute of Integrated Bioinformedicine and Translational Science (IBTS), School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
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Majdi C, Dessolin J, Bénimélis D, Dunyach-Rémy C, Pantel A, Meffre P, Benfodda Z. Synergistic effect of tryptamine-urea derivatives to overcome the chromosomally-mediated colistin resistance in Klebsiella pneumoniae. Bioorg Med Chem 2024; 100:117604. [PMID: 38290306 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2024.117604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Colistin is considered as the last-resort antibiotics to treat multi-drug resistant Gram-negative bacterial infections in humans. However, the clinical use of colistin was limited because of the apparition of chromosomal mutations and mobile colistin resistance genes in bacterial isolates. One promising strategy is to combine existing antibiotics with promising non-antibiotics to overcome the widespread emergence of antibiotic-resistant pathogens. Moreover, colistin resistance would be regulated by two component systems PhoP/PhoQ which leads to permanent synthesis of cationic groups compensating for Mg2+ deficiency. In this study, the synthesis of a small library of tryptamine urea derivatives was carried out. In addition, antibiotic susceptibility, antibiotic adjuvant screening and checkerboard assays were used to investigate the antibacterial activity of these synthesized compounds and the potential synergistic activity of their combination with colistin. Conformational analysis of the docked binding modes of the active compound in the predicted binding pocket of bacterial response regulator PhoP were carried out, to see if the active compound inhibits PhoP which is involved in colistin resistance. Finally, hemolytic activity studies have been conducted on the most active compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaimae Majdi
- UNIV. NIMES, UPR CHROME, University of Nimes, rue du Dr. G. Salan, 30021 Nîmes, cedex 1, France
| | - Jean Dessolin
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS UMR 5248, CBMN, F-33607 Pessac Cedex, France
| | - David Bénimélis
- UNIV. NIMES, UPR CHROME, University of Nimes, rue du Dr. G. Salan, 30021 Nîmes, cedex 1, France
| | - Catherine Dunyach-Rémy
- VBIC, INSERM U1047, Service de Microbiologie et Hygiène Hospitalière, Université de Montpellier, CHU Nîmes, Nîmes, France
| | - Alix Pantel
- VBIC, INSERM U1047, Service de Microbiologie et Hygiène Hospitalière, Université de Montpellier, CHU Nîmes, Nîmes, France
| | - Patrick Meffre
- UNIV. NIMES, UPR CHROME, University of Nimes, rue du Dr. G. Salan, 30021 Nîmes, cedex 1, France
| | - Zohra Benfodda
- UNIV. NIMES, UPR CHROME, University of Nimes, rue du Dr. G. Salan, 30021 Nîmes, cedex 1, France.
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Olsson A, Malmberg C, Zhao C, Friberg LE, Nielsen EI, Lagerbäck P, Tängdén T. Synergy of polymyxin B and minocycline against KPC-3- and OXA-48-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae in dynamic time-kill experiments: agreement with in silico predictions. J Antimicrob Chemother 2024; 79:391-402. [PMID: 38158772 PMCID: PMC10832586 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkad394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Combination therapy is often used for carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacteria. We previously demonstrated synergy of polymyxin B and minocycline against carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae in static time-kill experiments and developed an in silico pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) model. The present study assessed the synergistic potential of this antibiotic combination in dynamic experiments. METHODS Two clinical K. pneumoniae isolates producing KPC-3 and OXA-48 (polymyxin B MICs 0.5 and 8 mg/L, and minocycline MICs 1 and 8 mg/L, respectively) were included. Activities of the single drugs and the combination were assessed in 72 h dynamic time-kill experiments mimicking patient pharmacokinetics. Population analysis was performed every 12 h using plates containing antibiotics at 4× and 8× MIC. WGS was applied to reveal resistance genes and mutations. RESULTS The combination showed synergistic and bactericidal effects against the KPC-3-producing strain from 12 h onwards. Subpopulations with decreased susceptibility to polymyxin B were frequently detected after single-drug exposures but not with the combination. Against the OXA-48-producing strain, synergy was observed between 4 and 8 h and was followed by regrowth. Subpopulations with decreased susceptibility to polymyxin B and minocycline were detected throughout experiments. For both strains, the observed antibacterial activities showed overall agreement with the in silico predictions. CONCLUSIONS Polymyxin B and minocycline in combination showed synergistic effects, mainly against the KPC-3-producing K. pneumoniae. The agreement between the experimental results and in silico predictions supports the use of PK/PD models based on static time-kill data to predict the activity of antibiotic combinations at dynamic drug concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Olsson
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Chenyan Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lena E Friberg
- Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | | | - Thomas Tängdén
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Behera DU, Gaur M, Sahoo M, Subudhi E, Subudhi BB. Development of pharmacophore models for AcrB protein and the identification of potential adjuvant candidates for overcoming efflux-mediated colistin resistance. RSC Med Chem 2024; 15:127-138. [PMID: 38283226 PMCID: PMC10809322 DOI: 10.1039/d3md00483j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Growing multi-drug resistance (MDR) among ESKAPE pathogens is a huge challenge. Increased resistance to last-resort antibiotics, like colistin, has further aggravated this. Efflux is identified as a major route of colistin resistance. So, finding an FDA-approved efflux inhibitor for potential application as an adjuvant to colistin was the primary objective of this study. E. coli-AcrB pump inhibitors and substrates were used to develop and validate the pharmacophoric model. Drugs confirming this pharmacophore were subjected to molecular docking to identify hits for the AcrB binding pocket. The efflux inhibition potential of the top hit was validated through the in vitro evaluation of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) in combination with colistin. The checkerboard assay was done to demonstrate synergism, which was further corroborated by the Time-kill assay. Ten common pharmacophore hypotheses were successfully generated using substrate/inhibitors. Following enrichment analysis, AHHNR.100 was identified as the top-ranked hypothesis, and 207 unique compounds were found to conform to this hypothesis. The multi-step docking of these compounds against the AcrB protein revealed argatroban as the top non-antibiotic hit. This significantly inhibited the efflux activity of colistin-resistant clinical isolates K. pneumoniae (n = 1) and M. morganii (n = 2). Further, their combination with colistin enhanced the susceptibility of these isolates, and the effect was found to be synergistic. Accordingly, the time-kill assay of this combination showed 8-log and 2-log reductions against K. pneumoniae and M. morganii, respectively. In conclusion, this study found argatroban as a bacterial efflux inhibitor that can be potentially used to overcome efflux-mediated resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dibyajyoti Uttameswar Behera
- Centre for Biotechnology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan (Deemed to be University) Kalinga Nagar, Ghatikia Bhubaneswar-751003 Odisha India +91 9861075829
| | - Mahendra Gaur
- Drug Development and Analysis Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan (Deemed to be University) Kalinga Nagar, Ghatikia Bhubaneswar-751003 Odisha India +91 7978085389
- Department of Biotechnology & Food Technology, Punjabi University Patiala 147002 India
| | - Maheswata Sahoo
- Centre for Biotechnology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan (Deemed to be University) Kalinga Nagar, Ghatikia Bhubaneswar-751003 Odisha India +91 9861075829
| | - Enketeswara Subudhi
- Centre for Biotechnology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan (Deemed to be University) Kalinga Nagar, Ghatikia Bhubaneswar-751003 Odisha India +91 9861075829
| | - Bharat Bhusan Subudhi
- Drug Development and Analysis Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan (Deemed to be University) Kalinga Nagar, Ghatikia Bhubaneswar-751003 Odisha India +91 7978085389
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Liu GY, Yu D, Fan MM, Zhang X, Jin ZY, Tang C, Liu XF. Antimicrobial resistance crisis: could artificial intelligence be the solution? Mil Med Res 2024; 11:7. [PMID: 38254241 PMCID: PMC10804841 DOI: 10.1186/s40779-024-00510-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is a global public health threat, and the World Health Organization (WHO) has announced a priority list of the most threatening pathogens against which novel antibiotics need to be developed. The discovery and introduction of novel antibiotics are time-consuming and expensive. According to WHO's report of antibacterial agents in clinical development, only 18 novel antibiotics have been approved since 2014. Therefore, novel antibiotics are critically needed. Artificial intelligence (AI) has been rapidly applied to drug development since its recent technical breakthrough and has dramatically improved the efficiency of the discovery of novel antibiotics. Here, we first summarized recently marketed novel antibiotics, and antibiotic candidates in clinical development. In addition, we systematically reviewed the involvement of AI in antibacterial drug development and utilization, including small molecules, antimicrobial peptides, phage therapy, essential oils, as well as resistance mechanism prediction, and antibiotic stewardship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Yu Liu
- Department of Immunology and Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Key Laboratory of Aging and Cancer Biology of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Inflammation and Immunoregulation of Hangzhou, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Dan Yu
- National Key Discipline of Pediatrics Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children Ministry of Education, Laboratory of Dermatology, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, 100045, China
| | - Mei-Mei Fan
- Department of Immunology and Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Key Laboratory of Aging and Cancer Biology of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Inflammation and Immunoregulation of Hangzhou, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Ze-Yu Jin
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Christoph Tang
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3RE, UK.
| | - Xiao-Fen Liu
- Institute of Antibiotics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology of Antibiotics, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, National Clinical Research Centre for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China.
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Vieira T, Dos Santos CA, de Jesus Bertani AM, Costa GL, Campos KR, Sacchi CT, Cunha MPV, Carvalho E, da Costa AJ, de Paiva JB, Rubio MDS, Camargo CH, Tiba-Casas MR. Polymyxin Resistance in Salmonella: Exploring Mutations and Genetic Determinants of Non-Human Isolates. Antibiotics (Basel) 2024; 13:110. [PMID: 38391496 PMCID: PMC10885896 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13020110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Until 2015, polymyxin resistance was primarily attributed to chromosomal mutations. However, with the first report of mobile colistin resistance (mcr-1) in commensal Escherichia coli from food animals in China, the landscape has changed. To evaluate the presence of polymyxin resistance in Salmonella spp., a drop screening test for colistin and polymyxin B was carried out on 1156 isolates of non-human origin (animals, food, and the environment), received in Brazil, between 2016 and 2021. Subsequently, 210 isolates with resistant results in the drop test were subjected to the gold-standard test (broth microdilution) for both colistin and polymyxin B. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) of 102 resistant isolates was performed for a comprehensive analysis of associated genes. Surprisingly, none of the isolates resistant to colistin in the drop test harbored any of the mcr variants (mcr-1 to mcr-10). WGS identified that the most common mutations were found in pmrA (n= 22; T89S) and pmrB (n = 24; M15T, G73S, V74I, I83A, A111V). Other resistance determinants were also detected, such as the aac(6')-Iaa gene in 72 isolates, while others carried beta-lactamase genes (blaTEM-1blaCTX-M-2, blaCMY-2). Additionally, genes associated with fluoroquinolone resistance (qnrB19, qnrS1, oqxA/B) were detected in 11 isolates. Colistin and polymyxin B resistance were identified among Salmonella from non-human sources, but not associated with the mcr genes. Furthermore, the already-described mutations associated with polymyxin resistance were detected in only a small number of isolates, underscoring the need to explore and characterize unknown genes that contribute to resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thais Vieira
- Adolfo Lutz Institute, São Paulo 01246-000, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Marcela da Silva Rubio
- School of Agriculture and Veterinarian Sciences, University of the State of São Paulo, Jaboticabal 14884-900, SP, Brazil
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Shi J, Cheng J, Liu S, Zhu Y, Zhu M. Acinetobacter baumannii: an evolving and cunning opponent. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1332108. [PMID: 38318341 PMCID: PMC10838990 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1332108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Acinetobacter baumannii is one of the most common multidrug-resistant pathogens causing nosocomial infections. The prevalence of multidrug-resistant A. baumannii infections is increasing because of several factors, including unregulated antibiotic use. A. baumannii drug resistance rate is high; in particular, its resistance rates for tigecycline and polymyxin-the drugs of last resort for extensively drug-resistant A. baumannii-has been increasing annually. Patients with a severe infection of extensively antibiotic-resistant A. baumannii demonstrate a high mortality rate along with a poor prognosis, which makes treating them challenging. Through carbapenem enzyme production and other relevant mechanisms, A. baumannii has rapidly acquired a strong resistance to carbapenem antibiotics-once considered a class of strong antibacterials for A. baumannii infection treatment. Therefore, understanding the resistance mechanism of A. baumannii is particularly crucial. This review summarizes mechanisms underlying common antimicrobial resistance in A. baumannii, particularly those underlying tigecycline and polymyxin resistance. This review will serve as a reference for reasonable antibiotic use at clinics, as well as new antibiotic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingchao Shi
- Open Laboratory Medicine, Hangzhou Xixi Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, China
- Graduate School, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianghao Cheng
- Open Laboratory Medicine, Hangzhou Xixi Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shourong Liu
- Department of Infectious Disease, Hangzhou Xixi Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yufeng Zhu
- Open Laboratory Medicine, Hangzhou Xixi Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mingli Zhu
- Open Laboratory Medicine, Hangzhou Xixi Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
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Ilyas M, Purkait D, Atmakuri K. Genomic islands and their role in fitness traits of two key sepsis-causing bacterial pathogens. Brief Funct Genomics 2024; 23:55-68. [PMID: 36528816 DOI: 10.1093/bfgp/elac051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2024] Open
Abstract
To survive and establish a niche for themselves, bacteria constantly evolve. Toward that, they not only insert point mutations and promote illegitimate recombinations within their genomes but also insert pieces of 'foreign' deoxyribonucleic acid, which are commonly referred to as 'genomic islands' (GEIs). The GEIs come in several forms, structures and types, often providing a fitness advantage to the harboring bacterium. In pathogenic bacteria, some GEIs may enhance virulence, thus altering disease burden, morbidity and mortality. Hence, delineating (i) the GEIs framework, (ii) their encoded functions, (iii) the triggers that help them move, (iv) the mechanisms they exploit to move among bacteria and (v) identification of their natural reservoirs will aid in superior tackling of several bacterial diseases, including sepsis. Given the vast array of comparative genomics data, in this short review, we provide an overview of the GEIs, their types and the compositions therein, especially highlighting GEIs harbored by two important pathogens, viz. Acinetobacter baumannii and Klebsiella pneumoniae, which prominently trigger sepsis in low- and middle-income countries. Our efforts help shed some light on the challenges these pathogens pose when equipped with GEIs. We hope that this review will provoke intense research into understanding GEIs, the cues that drive their mobility across bacteria and the ways and means to prevent their transfer, especially across pathogenic bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Ilyas
- Bacterial Pathogenesis Lab, Infection and Immunity Group, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, Haryana 121001, India
| | - Dyuti Purkait
- Bacterial Pathogenesis Lab, Infection and Immunity Group, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, Haryana 121001, India
| | - Krishnamohan Atmakuri
- Bacterial Pathogenesis Lab, Infection and Immunity Group, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, Haryana 121001, India
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Cui Y, Zhao D, Liu K, Mei X, Sun S, Du B, Ding Y. Abh, AbrB3, and Spo0A play distinct regulatory roles during polymyxin synthesis in Paenibacillus polymyxa SC2. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0229323. [PMID: 38054717 PMCID: PMC10782996 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02293-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Polymyxins are considered the last line of defense against multidrug-resistant bacteria. The regulatory mechanism of polymyxin synthesis is poorly studied in Paenibacillus polymyxa. In this study, we found that Abh and AbrB3 negatively regulated, whereas Spo0A positively regulated polymyxin synthesis in P. polymyxa SC2. In addition, a regulatory relationship between Abh, AbrB3, and Spo0A was revealed, which regulate polymyxin synthesis via multiple regulatory mechanisms in P. polymyxa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanru Cui
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Engineering Research Center of Plant-Microbia Restoration for Saline-Alkali Land, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, National Engineering Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Dongying Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Engineering Research Center of Plant-Microbia Restoration for Saline-Alkali Land, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, National Engineering Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Kai Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Engineering Research Center of Plant-Microbia Restoration for Saline-Alkali Land, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, National Engineering Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Xiangui Mei
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Shanshan Sun
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Engineering Research Center of Plant-Microbia Restoration for Saline-Alkali Land, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, National Engineering Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Binghai Du
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Engineering Research Center of Plant-Microbia Restoration for Saline-Alkali Land, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, National Engineering Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Yanqin Ding
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Engineering Research Center of Plant-Microbia Restoration for Saline-Alkali Land, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, National Engineering Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
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Qiao L, Zhang Y, Chen Y, Chi X, Ding J, Zhang H, Han Y, Zhang B, Jiang J, Lin Y. Synergistic Activity and Mechanism of Sanguinarine with Polymyxin B against Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:70. [PMID: 38258081 PMCID: PMC10820148 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16010070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Compounds that potentiate the activity of clinically available antibiotics provide a complementary solution, except for developing novel antibiotics for the rapid emergence of multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (GNB). We sought to identify compounds potentiating polymyxin B (PMB), a traditional drug that has been revived as the last line for treating life-threatening GNB infections, thus reducing its nephrotoxicity and heterogeneous resistance in clinical use. In this study, we found a natural product, sanguinarine (SA), which potentiated the efficacy of PMB against GNB infections. The synergistic effect of SA with PMB was evaluated using a checkerboard assay and time-kill curves in vivo and the murine peritonitis model induced by Escherichia coli in female CD-1 mice in vivo. SA assisted PMB in accelerating the reduction in bacterial loads both in vitro and in vivo, improving the inflammatory responses and survival rate of infected animals. The subsequent detection of the intracellular ATP levels, membrane potential, and membrane integrity indicated that SA enhanced the bacterial-membrane-breaking capacity of PMB. A metabolomic analysis showed that the inhibition of energy metabolism, interference with nucleic acid biosynthesis, and the blocking of L-Ara4N-related PMB resistance may also contribute to the synergistic effect. This study is the first to reveal the synergistic activity and mechanism of SA with PMB, which highlights further insights into anti-GNB drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luyao Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; (L.Q.); (Y.Z.); (Y.C.); (X.C.); (J.D.); (H.Z.); (Y.H.)
- Department of Pharmacy & State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China;
| | - Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; (L.Q.); (Y.Z.); (Y.C.); (X.C.); (J.D.); (H.Z.); (Y.H.)
| | - Ying Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; (L.Q.); (Y.Z.); (Y.C.); (X.C.); (J.D.); (H.Z.); (Y.H.)
| | - Xiangyin Chi
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; (L.Q.); (Y.Z.); (Y.C.); (X.C.); (J.D.); (H.Z.); (Y.H.)
| | - Jinwen Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; (L.Q.); (Y.Z.); (Y.C.); (X.C.); (J.D.); (H.Z.); (Y.H.)
| | - Hongjuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; (L.Q.); (Y.Z.); (Y.C.); (X.C.); (J.D.); (H.Z.); (Y.H.)
| | - Yanxing Han
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; (L.Q.); (Y.Z.); (Y.C.); (X.C.); (J.D.); (H.Z.); (Y.H.)
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy & State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China;
| | - Jiandong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; (L.Q.); (Y.Z.); (Y.C.); (X.C.); (J.D.); (H.Z.); (Y.H.)
| | - Yuan Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; (L.Q.); (Y.Z.); (Y.C.); (X.C.); (J.D.); (H.Z.); (Y.H.)
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Memesh R, Yasir M, Ledder RG, Zowawi H, McBain AJ, Azhar EI. An update on the prevalence of colistin and carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacteria in aquaculture: an emerging threat to public health. J Appl Microbiol 2024; 135:lxad288. [PMID: 38059867 DOI: 10.1093/jambio/lxad288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Aquaculture has been recognized as a hotspot for the emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance genes conferring resistance to clinically important antibiotics. This review gives insights into studies investigating the prevalence of colistin and carbapenem resistance (CCR) among Gram-negative bacilli in aquaculture. Overall, a high incidence of CCR has been reported in aquatic farms in several countries, with CCR being more prevalent among opportunistic human pathogens such as Acinetobacter nosocomialis, Shewanella algae, Photobacterium damselae, Vibrio spp., Aeromonas spp., as well as members of Enterobacteriaceae family. A high proportion of isolates in these studies exhibited wide-spectrum profiles of antimicrobial resistance, highlighting their multidrug-resistance properties (MDR). Several mobile colistin resistance genes (including, mcr-1, mcr-1.1, mcr-2, mcr-2.1, mcr-3, mcr-3.1, mcr-4.1, mcr-4.3, mcr-5.1, mcr-6.1, mcr-7.1, mcr-8.1, and mcr-10.1) and carbapenemase encoding genes (including, blaOXA-48, blaOXA-55, blaNDM, blaKPC, blaIMI, blaAIM, blaVIM, and blaIMP) have been detected in aquatic farms in different countries. The majority of these were carried on MDR Incompatibility (Inc) plasmids including IncA/C, and IncX4, which have been associated with a wide host range of different sources. Thus, there is a risk for the possible spread of resistance genes between fish, their environments, and humans. These findings highlight the need to monitor and regulate the usage of antimicrobials in aquaculture. A multisectoral and transdisciplinary (One Health) approach is urgently needed to reduce the spread of resistant bacteria and/or resistance genes originating in aquaculture and avoid their global reach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roa Memesh
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center and Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Yasir
- Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center and Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ruth G Ledder
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Hosam Zowawi
- College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdul-Aziz University for Health Science (KSAU-HS), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre (KAIMRC), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Andrew J McBain
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Esam I Azhar
- Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center and Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Basu S, Veeraraghavan B, Anbarasu A. Impact of PmrB mutations on clinical Klebsiella pneumoniae with variable colistin-susceptibilities: Structural insights and potent therapeutic solutions. Chem Biol Drug Des 2024; 103:e14381. [PMID: 37875387 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.14381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
Carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) infections continue to impose high morbidity threats to hospitalized patients worldwide, limiting therapeutic options to last-resort antibiotics like colistin. However, the dynamic genomic landscape of colistin-resistant K. pneumoniae (COLR-Kp) invoked ardent exploration of underlying molecular signatures for therapeutic propositions/designs. We unveiled the structural impact of the widespread and emerging PmrB mutations involved in colistin resistance (COLR) in K. pneumoniae. In the present study, clinical isolates of K. pneumoniae expressed variable susceptibilities to colistin (>0.5 μg/mL for resistant and ≤0.25 μg/mL for susceptible) despite mutations such as T157P, G207D and T246A. The protein sequences extracted from in-house sequenced genomes were used to model mutant PmrB proteins and analyze the underlying structural alterations. The mutations were contrasted based on molecular dynamics simulation trajectories, free-energy landscapes and structural flexibility profiles. The altered backbone flexibilities can be an essential factor for mutant selection by COLR K. pneumoniae and can provide clues to deal with emerging mutants. Furthermore, PmrB having high druggability confidence (>0.99), was explored as a potential target for 1396 virtually screened FDA-approved drug candidates. Among the top-10 compounds (scores >70), amphotericin B was found to be potential candidate with high affinity (Binding energy <-8 kcal/mol) and stable interactions (RMSF <0.7 Å) against PmrB druggable pockets, despite the mutations, which encourages future adjunct therapeutic research against COLR-Kp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumya Basu
- Medical and Biological Computing Laboratory, School of Biosciences and Technology (SBST), Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, India
| | - Balaji Veeraraghavan
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Christian Medical College (CMC), Vellore, India
| | - Anand Anbarasu
- Medical and Biological Computing Laboratory, School of Biosciences and Technology (SBST), Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, India
- Department of Biotechnology, SBST, VIT, Vellore, India
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50
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Hu C, Zhang J, Cui R, Liu S, Huang Y, Zeng H, Cheng S, Zhou G, Li J, Sun L, Zhao Y, Wang X, Liu J, Zou Q, Huang W. The enhancement effect of small molecule Lyb24 reveals AzoR as a novel target of polymyxin B. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 169:115856. [PMID: 37949698 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Given the important role of polymyxin B (PB) in the treatment of drug-resistant Gram-negative bacterial infections, the emergence of PB resistance poses a serious threat to public health. Adjuvant development is a supplementary strategy that can compensate for the lack of novel antibiotics by protecting PB. In this study, we found a small molecule named Lyb24 that showed weak antibacterial activity (minimum inhibitory concentration ≥ 10 μg/ml) but potentiated and revitalized the efficacy of PB against Gram-negative pathogens, including mcr-1- and mgrB-deletion-mediated PB-resistant strains. Our results showed that Lyb24 inhibits the translational levels of genes associated with the modification of lipid A. In addition, Lyb24 increases the permeability, disrupts the integrity and induces the depolarization of the membrane. We further found that both Lyb24 and PB could directly bind to AzoR and inhibit its activity. Structural analysis showed that Lyb24 binds to the isoalloxazine ring of flavin mononucleotide (FMN) through pi-pi stacking and loop η4 of AzoR. A pneumonia model was used to confirm that the activity against clinical PB-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae was enhanced due to Lyb24 on PB. In conclusion, we provide a potential therapeutic regimen by combining Lyb24 and PB to treat Gram-negative-resistant bacterial infections. Our findings not only explain the synergistic effect of Lyb24, but also expand our knowledge on the mechanism of action of PB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunxia Hu
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen 518020, Guangdong, China; Antimicrobial Drug Screening Laboratory, Shenzhen Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen 518020, Guangdong, China
| | - Jinyong Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Shapingba District, 400038 Chongqing, China
| | - Ruiqin Cui
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen 518020, Guangdong, China; Antimicrobial Drug Screening Laboratory, Shenzhen Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen 518020, Guangdong, China
| | - Shiyi Liu
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen 518020, Guangdong, China; Antimicrobial Drug Screening Laboratory, Shenzhen Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen 518020, Guangdong, China
| | - Ying Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, China
| | - Huan Zeng
- Antimicrobial Drug Screening Laboratory, Shenzhen Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen 518020, Guangdong, China; College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Shumin Cheng
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen 518020, Guangdong, China; Antimicrobial Drug Screening Laboratory, Shenzhen Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen 518020, Guangdong, China
| | - Guibao Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen 518020, Guangdong, China
| | - Jingli Li
- Beijing Qinglian Biotech Co.,Ltd, Haidian District, 100094 Beijing, China
| | - Longqin Sun
- Beijing Qinglian Biotech Co.,Ltd, Haidian District, 100094 Beijing, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Beijing Qinglian Biotech Co.,Ltd, Haidian District, 100094 Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen 518020, Guangdong, China
| | - Jianhua Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, China
| | - Quanming Zou
- National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Shapingba District, 400038 Chongqing, China.
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen 518020, Guangdong, China; Antimicrobial Drug Screening Laboratory, Shenzhen Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen 518020, Guangdong, China; Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreas surgery, Department of General Surgery, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen 518020, Guangdong, China.
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