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Tolotti M, Brighenti S, Bruno MC, Cerasino L, Pindo M, Tirler W, Albanese D. Ecological "Windows of opportunity" influence biofilm prokaryotic diversity differently in glacial and non-glacial Alpine streams. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 944:173826. [PMID: 38866149 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
In glacier-fed streams, the Windows of Opportunity (WOs) are periods of mild environmental conditions supporting the seasonal development of benthic microorganisms. WOs have been defined based on changes in biofilm biomass, but the responses of microbial diversity to WOs in Alpine streams have been overlooked. A two year (2017-2018) metabarcoding of epilithic and epipsammic biofilm prokaryotes was conducted in Alpine streams fed by glaciers (kryal), rock glaciers (rock glacial), or groundwater/precipitation (krenal) in two catchments of the Central-Eastern European Alps (Italy), aiming at testing the hypothesis that: 1) environmental WOs enhance not only the biomass but also the α-diversity of the prokaryotic biofilm in all stream types, 2) diversity and phenology of prokaryotic biofilm are mainly influenced by the physical habitat in glacial streams, and by water chemistry in the other two stream types. The study confirmed kryal and krenal streams as endmembers of epilithic and sediment prokaryotic α- and β-diversity, with rock glacial streams sharing a large proportion of taxa with the two other stream types. Alpha-diversity appeared to respond to ecological WOs, but, contrary to expectations, seasonality was less pronounced in the turbid kryal than in the clear streams. This was attributed to the small size of the glaciers feeding the studied kryal streams, whose discharge dynamics were those typical of the late phase of deglaciation. Prokaryotic α-diversity of non-glacial streams tended to be higher in early summer than in early autumn. Our findings, while confirming that high altitude streams are heavily threatened by climate change, underscore the still neglected role of rock glacier runoffs as climate refugia for the most stenothermic benthic aquatic microorganism. This advocates the need to define and test strategies for protecting these ecosystems for preserving, restoring, and connecting cold Alpine aquatic biodiversity in the context of the progressing global warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Tolotti
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, S. Michele all'Adige, Italy; National Biodiversity Future Center (NBFC), Università di Palermo, Palermo, Italy.
| | - Stefano Brighenti
- Competence Centre for Mountain Innovation Ecosystems, Free University of Bolzano, Bolzano/Bozen, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Bruno
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, S. Michele all'Adige, Italy; National Biodiversity Future Center (NBFC), Università di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Leonardo Cerasino
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, S. Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Massimo Pindo
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, S. Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | | | - Davide Albanese
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, S. Michele all'Adige, Italy
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Guo X, Yan Q, Wang F, Wang W, Zhang Z, Liu Y, Liu K. Habitat-specific patterns of bacterial communities in a glacier-fed lake on the Tibetan Plateau. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2024; 100:fiae018. [PMID: 38378869 PMCID: PMC10903976 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiae018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Different types of inlet water are expected to affect microbial communities of lake ecosystems due to changing environmental conditions and the dispersal of species. However, knowledge of the effects of changes in environmental conditions and export of microbial assemblages on lake ecosystems is limited, especially for glacier-fed lakes. Here, we collected water samples from the surface water of a glacier-fed lake and its two fed streams on the Tibetan Plateau to investigate the importance of glacial and non-glacial streams as sources of diversity for lake bacterial communities. Results showed that the glacial stream was an important source of microorganisms in the studied lake, contributing 45.53% to the total bacterial community in the lake water, while only 19.14% of bacterial community in the lake water was seeded by the non-glacial stream. Bacterial communities were significantly different between the glacier-fed lake and its two fed streams. pH, conductivity, total dissolved solids, water temperature and total nitrogen had a significant effect on bacterial spatial turnover, and together explained 36.2% of the variation of bacterial distribution among habitats. Moreover, bacterial co-occurrence associations tended to be stronger in the lake water than in stream habitats. Collectively, this study may provide an important reference for assessing the contributions of different inlet water sources to glacier-fed lakes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuezi Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System, Environment and Resources (TPESER), Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qi Yan
- Center for the Pan-Third Pole Environment, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Feng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System, Environment and Resources (TPESER), Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Wenqiang Wang
- Center for the Pan-Third Pole Environment, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Zhihao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System, Environment and Resources (TPESER), Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yongqin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System, Environment and Resources (TPESER), Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Center for the Pan-Third Pole Environment, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Keshao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System, Environment and Resources (TPESER), Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
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3
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Sajjad W, Ali B, Niu H, Ilahi N, Rafiq M, Bahadur A, Banerjee A, Kang S. High prevalence of antibiotic-resistant and metal-tolerant cultivable bacteria in remote glacier environment. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 239:117444. [PMID: 37858689 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Studies of antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) have mainly originated from anthropic-influenced environments, with limited information from pristine environments. Remote cold environments are major reservoirs of ARB and have been determined in polar regions; however, their abundance in non-polar cold habitats is underexplored. This study evaluated antibiotics and metals resistance profiles, prevalence of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and metals tolerance genes (MTGs) in 38 ARB isolated from the glacier debris and meltwater from Baishui Glacier No 1, China. Molecular identification displayed Proteobacteria (39.3%) predominant in debris, while meltwater was dominated by Actinobacteria (30%) and Proteobacteria (30%). Bacterial isolates exhibited multiple antibiotic resistance index values > 0.2. Gram-negative bacteria displayed higher resistance to antibiotics and metals than Gram-positive. PCR amplification exhibited distinct ARGs in bacteria dominated by β-lactam genes blaCTX-M (21.1-71.1%), blaACC (21.1-60.5%), tetracycline-resistant gene tetA (21.1-60.5%), and sulfonamide-resistant gene sulI (18.4-52.6%). Moreover, different MTGs were reported in bacterial isolates, including mercury-resistant merA (21.1-63.2%), copper-resistant copB (18.4-57.9%), chromium-resistant chrA (15.8-44.7%) and arsenic-resistant arsB (10.5-44.7%). This highlights the co-selection and co-occurrence of MTGs and ARGs in remote glacier environments. Different bacteria shared same ARGs, signifying horizontal gene transfer between species. Strong positive correlation among ARGs and MTGs was reported. Metals tolerance range exhibited that Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria clustered distinctly. Gram-negative bacteria were significantly tolerant to metals. Amino acid sequences of blaACC,blaCTX-M,blaSHV,blaampC,qnrA, sulI, tetA and blaTEM revealed variations. This study presents promising ARB, harboring ARGs with variations in amino acid sequences, highlighting the need to assess the transcriptome study of glacier bacteria conferring ARGs and MTGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wasim Sajjad
- State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Barkat Ali
- State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Hewen Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China; National Field Science Observation and Research Station of Yulong Snow Mountain Cryosphere and Sustainable Development, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Nikhat Ilahi
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Muhammad Rafiq
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Informatics, Engineering and Management Sciences, Balochistan University of Information Technology, Quetta, Pakistan
| | - Ali Bahadur
- State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Abhishek Banerjee
- State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Shichang Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
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Hotaling S, Price TL, Hamilton TL. Summer Dynamics of Microbial Diversity on a Mountain Glacier. mSphere 2022; 7:e0050322. [PMID: 36342146 PMCID: PMC9769511 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00503-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Glaciers are rapidly receding under climate change. A melting cryosphere will dramatically alter global sea levels, carbon cycling, and water resource availability. Glaciers host rich biotic communities that are dominated by microbial diversity, and this biodiversity can impact surface albedo, thereby driving a feedback loop between biodiversity and cryosphere melt. However, the microbial diversity of glacier ecosystems remains largely unknown outside of major ice sheets, particularly from a temporal perspective. Here, we characterized temporal dynamics of bacteria, eukaryotes, and algae on the Paradise Glacier, Mount Rainier, USA, over nine time points spanning the summer melt season. During our study, the glacier surface steadily darkened as seasonal snow melted and darkening agents accumulated until new snow fell in late September. From a community-wide perspective, the bacterial community remained generally constant while eukaryotes and algae exhibited temporal progression and community turnover. Patterns of individual taxonomic groups, however, were highly stochastic. We found little support for our a priori prediction that autotroph abundance would peak before heterotrophs. Notably, two different trends in snow algae emerged-an abundant early- and late-season operational taxonomic unit (OTU) with a different midsummer OTU that peaked in August. Overall, our results highlight the need for temporal sampling to clarify microbial diversity on glaciers and that caution should be exercised when interpreting results from single or few time points. IMPORTANCE Microbial diversity on mountain glaciers is an underexplored component of global biodiversity. Microbial presence and activity can also reduce the surface albedo or reflectiveness of glaciers, causing them to absorb more solar radiation and melt faster, which in turn drives more microbial activity. To date, most explorations of microbial diversity in the mountain cryosphere have only included single time points or focused on one microbial community (e.g., bacteria). Here, we performed temporal sampling over a summer melt season for the full microbial community, including bacteria, eukaryotes, and fungi, on the Paradise Glacier, Washington, USA. Over the summer, the bacterial community remained generally constant, whereas eukaryote and algal communities temporally changed through the melt season. Individual taxonomic groups, however, exhibited considerable stochasticity. Overall, our results highlight the need for temporal sampling on glaciers and that caution should be exercised when interpreting results from single or few time points.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott Hotaling
- Department of Watershed Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, USA
| | - Taylor L. Price
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology and the BioTechnology Institute, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Trinity L. Hamilton
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology and the BioTechnology Institute, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota, USA
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5
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Purkamo L, Ó Dochartaigh B, MacDonald A, Cousins C. Following the flow-Microbial ecology in surface- and groundwaters in the glacial forefield of a rapidly retreating glacier in Iceland. Environ Microbiol 2022; 24:5840-5858. [PMID: 35706139 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.16104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The retreat of glaciers in response to climate change has major impacts on the hydrology and ecosystems of glacier forefield catchments. Microbes are key players in ecosystem functionality, supporting the supply of ecosystem services that glacier systems provide. The interaction between surface and groundwaters in glacier forefields has only recently gained much attention, and how these interactions influence the microbiology is still unclear. Here, we identify the microbial communities in groundwater from shallow (<15 m deep) boreholes in a glacial forefield floodplain ('sandur') aquifer at different distances from the rapidly retreating Virkisjökull glacier, Iceland, and with varying hydraulic connectivity with the glacial meltwater river that flows over the sandur. Groundwater communities are shown to differ from those in nearby glacial and non-glacial surface water communities. Groundwater-meltwater interactions and groundwater flow dynamics affect the microbial community structure, leading to different microbial communities at different sampling points in the glacier forefield. Groundwater communities differ from those in nearby glacial and non-glacial surface waters. Functional potential for microbial nitrogen and methane cycling was detected, although the functional gene copy numbers of specific groups were low.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lotta Purkamo
- Geological Survey of Finland, Espoo, Finland.,School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, UK
| | | | | | - Claire Cousins
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, UK
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6
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Trivedi CB, Keuschnig C, Larose C, Rissi DV, Mourot R, Bradley JA, Winkel M, Benning LG. DNA/RNA Preservation in Glacial Snow and Ice Samples. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:894893. [PMID: 35677909 PMCID: PMC9168539 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.894893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The preservation of nucleic acids for high-throughput sequencing is an ongoing challenge for field scientists. In particular, samples that are low biomass, or that have to be collected and preserved in logistically challenging environments (such as remote sites or during long sampling campaigns) can pose exceptional difficulties. With this work, we compare and assess the effectiveness of three preservation methods for DNA and RNA extracted from microbial communities of glacial snow and ice samples. Snow and ice samples were melted and filtered upon collection in Iceland, and filters were preserved using: (i) liquid nitrogen flash freezing, (ii) storage in RNAlater, or (iii) storage in Zymo DNA/RNA Shield. Comparative statistics covering nucleic acid recovery, sequencing library preparation, genome assembly, and taxonomic diversity were used to determine best practices for the preservation of DNA and RNA samples from these environments. Our results reveal that microbial community composition based on DNA was comparable at the class level across preservation types. Based on extracted RNA, the taxonomic composition of the active community was primarily driven by the filtered sample volume (i.e., biomass content). In low biomass samples (where <200 ml of sample volume was filtered) the taxonomic and functional signatures trend toward the composition of the control samples, while in samples where a larger volume (more biomass) was filtered our data showed comparable results independent of preservation type. Based on all comparisons our data suggests that flash freezing of filters containing low biomass is the preferred method for preserving DNA and RNA (notwithstanding the difficulties of accessing liquid nitrogen in remote glacial field sites). Generally, RNAlater and Zymo DNA/RNA Shield solutions work comparably well, especially for DNA from high biomass samples, but Zymo DNA/RNA Shield is favored due to its higher yield of preserved RNA. Biomass quantity from snow and ice samples appears to be the most important factor in regards to the collection and preservation of samples from glacial environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher B Trivedi
- Interface Geochemistry, GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Potsdam, Germany
| | | | - Catherine Larose
- Environmental Microbial Genomics, Université de Lyon, Ecully Cedex, France
| | | | - Rey Mourot
- Interface Geochemistry, GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Potsdam, Germany.,Department of Earth Sciences, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - James A Bradley
- Interface Geochemistry, GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Potsdam, Germany.,School of Geography, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Matthias Winkel
- Interface Geochemistry, GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Liane G Benning
- Interface Geochemistry, GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Potsdam, Germany.,Department of Earth Sciences, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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7
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Gu Z, Liu K, Pedersen MW, Wang F, Chen Y, Zeng C, Liu Y. Community assembly processes underlying the temporal dynamics of glacial stream and lake bacterial communities. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 761:143178. [PMID: 33153747 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Community assembly processes are important in structuring aquatic microbial communities; however, the influence of these processes on the dynamics of bacterial communities in glacial streams and lakes remains largely unstudied. To investigate the assembly processes underlying the temporal variation of the bacterial community, we collected 50 water samples over five months in an ephemeral glacial stream and its downstream lake at the terminus of the Qiangyong glacier on the Tibetan Plateau. Using the V4 hypervariable region of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene combined with environmental measurements, such as water temperature, pH, total nitrogen (TN), dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and water conductivity, we found that temporal variation in the environmental factors promoted the shift in the proglacial stream and the lake bacterial communities. The quantification of ecological processes showed that the stream microbial communities were influenced by the ecological drift (40%) in June, then changed to homogeneous selection (40%) in July and variable selection (60%) in September, while the dynamic pattern of proglacial lake bacterioplankton was governed by homogeneous selection (≥ 50%) over the time. Overall, the dynamic of bacterial community in the proglacial stream and lake water is influenced by environmental factors, and the community composition assembly of the Qiangyong glacial stream and lake could be dynamic and primarily governed by deterministic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengquan Gu
- Key Laboratory of Alpine Ecology, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Keshao Liu
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Key Laboratory of Tibetan Environment Changes and Land Surface Processes, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, China.
| | - Mikkel Winther Pedersen
- The Globe Institute, University of Copenhagen, Oester Voldgade 5-7, Copenhagen C 1350, Denmark
| | - Feng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Alpine Ecology, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yuying Chen
- Key Laboratory of Alpine Ecology, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chen Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Environment Changes and Land Surface Processes, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, China
| | - Yongqin Liu
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Key Laboratory of Tibetan Environment Changes and Land Surface Processes, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, China
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8
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Sajjad W, Ali B, Bahadur A, Ghimire PS, Kang S. Bacterial Diversity and Communities Structural Dynamics in Soil and Meltwater Runoff at the Frontier of Baishui Glacier No.1, China. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2021; 81:370-384. [PMID: 32918153 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-020-01600-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Comprehensive knowledge of bacterial ecology mainly in supraglacial habitats is pivotal particularly at the frontier of accelerated glacier retreat. In this study, bacterial diversity and community composition in glacial soil and meltwater runoff at the frontier of Baishui Glacier No.1 were evaluated using high throughput sequencing. Significant variations in the physiochemical parameters formed an ecological gradient between soil and meltwater runoff. Based on the richness and evenness indexes, the bacterial diversity was relatively higher in soil compared with meltwater runoff. Hierarchical clustering and bi-plot ordination revealed that the taxonomic composition of soil samples was highly similar and significantly influenced by the ecological parameters than the meltwater runoff. The overall relative abundance trend of bacterial phyla and genera were greatly varied in soil and water samples. The relative abundance of Proteobacteria was higher in water runoff samples (40.5-87%) compared with soil samples (32-52.7%). Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, and a little part of Cyanobacteria occupied a major portion of water runoff while the soil was dominated by Acidobacteria (6-16.2%), Actinobacteria (5-16%), Bacteroidetes (0.5-8.8%), and Cyanobacteria (0.1-8.3%) besides Proteobacteria and Firmicutes. Higher numbers of biomarkers were found in soil group compared with the water group. The study area is diverse in terms of richness, while community structures are not evenly distributed. This study provides a preliminary understanding of the bacterial diversity and shifts in community structure in soil and meltwater runoff at the frontier of the glacial. The findings revealed that the environmental factors are a significantly strong determinant of bacterial community structures in such a closely linked ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wasim Sajjad
- State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Barkat Ali
- State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ali Bahadur
- State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Microbial Resources and Engineering, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Prakriti Sharma Ghimire
- State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Shichang Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences, Beijing, China.
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9
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Cavaco MA, St Louis VL, Engel K, St Pierre KA, Schiff SL, Stibal M, Neufeld JD. Freshwater microbial community diversity in a rapidly changing High Arctic watershed. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2020; 95:5585388. [PMID: 31599931 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiz161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Current models predict increases in High Arctic temperatures and precipitation that will have profound impacts on the Arctic hydrological cycle, including enhanced glacial melt and thawing of active layer soils. However, it remains uncertain how these changes will impact the structure of downstream resident freshwater microbial communities and ensuing microbially driven freshwater ecosystem services. Using the Lake Hazen watershed (Nunavut, Canada; 82°N, 71°W) as a sentinel system, we related microbial community composition (16S rRNA gene sequencing) to physicochemical parameters (e.g. dissolved oxygen and nutrients) over an annual hydrological cycle in three freshwater compartments within the watershed: (i) glacial rivers; (ii) active layer thaw-fed streams and waterbodies and (iii) Lake Hazen, into which (i) and (ii) drain. Microbial communities throughout these freshwater compartments were strongly interconnected, hydrologically, and often correlated with the presence of melt-sourced chemicals (e.g. dissolved inorganic carbon) as the melt season progressed. Within Lake Hazen itself, water column microbial communities were generally stable over spring and summer, despite fluctuating lake physicochemistry, indicating that these communities and the potential ecosystem services they provide therein may be resilient to environmental change. This work helps to establish a baseline understanding of how microbial communities and the ecosystem services they provide in Arctic watersheds might respond to future climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Antonia Cavaco
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E9, Canada
| | | | - Katja Engel
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | | | - Sherry Lin Schiff
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Marek Stibal
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague 128 44, Czechia
| | - Josh David Neufeld
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
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10
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Tolotti M, Cerasino L, Donati C, Pindo M, Rogora M, Seppi R, Albanese D. Alpine headwaters emerging from glaciers and rock glaciers host different bacterial communities: Ecological implications for the future. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 717:137101. [PMID: 32065887 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Mountain glacier shrinkage represents a major effect of the current global warming and 80-100% of the Alpine glaciers are predicted to vanish within the next few decades. As the thawing rate of mountain permafrost ice is much lower than for glacier ice, a shift from glacial to periglacial dynamics is predicted for Alpine landscapes during the 21st century. Despite the growing literature on the impacts of deglaciation on Alpine hydrology and ecosystems, chemical and biological features of waters emerging from Alpine rock glaciers (i.e. permafrost landforms composed by a mixture of ice and debris) have been poorly investigated so far, and knowledge on microbial biodiversity of headwaters is still sparse. A set of glacier-, rock glacier- and groundwater/precipitation-fed streams was investigated in the Italian Central Alps in late summer 2016, aiming at exploring bacterial community composition and diversity in epilithic and surface sediment biofilm and at verifying the hypothesis that rock glacier-fed headwaters represent peculiar ecosystems from both a chemical and biological point of view. Rock glacier-fed waters showed high values of electrical conductivity and trace elements related to their bedrock lithology, and their highly diverse bacterial assemblages significantly differed from those detected in glacier-fed streams. Bacterial taxonomic composition appeared to be mainly related to water and substrate type, as well as to water chemistry, the latter including concentrations of nutrients and trace metals. The results of this study confirm the chemical and biological peculiarity of rock glacier-fed waters compared to glacial waters, and suggest a potential driving role of thawing permafrost in modulating future ecological traits of Alpine headwaters within the context of progressing deglaciation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Tolotti
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach (FEM), Via E. Mach 1, S. Michele all'Adige, Italy.
| | - Leonardo Cerasino
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach (FEM), Via E. Mach 1, S. Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Claudio Donati
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach (FEM), Via E. Mach 1, S. Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Massimo Pindo
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach (FEM), Via E. Mach 1, S. Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Michela Rogora
- CNR Water Research Institute (IRSA-CNR), Largo Tonolli 50, Verbania-Pallanza, Italy
| | - Roberto Seppi
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Pavia, Via Ferrata 1, Pavia, Italy
| | - Davide Albanese
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach (FEM), Via E. Mach 1, S. Michele all'Adige, Italy
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11
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Kohler TJ, Vinšová P, Falteisek L, Žárský JD, Yde JC, Hatton JE, Hawkings JR, Lamarche-Gagnon G, Hood E, Cameron KA, Stibal M. Patterns in Microbial Assemblages Exported From the Meltwater of Arctic and Sub-Arctic Glaciers. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:669. [PMID: 32351489 PMCID: PMC7174618 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Meltwater streams connect the glacial cryosphere with downstream ecosystems. Dissolved and particulate matter exported from glacial ecosystems originates from contrasting supraglacial and subglacial environments, and exported microbial cells have the potential to serve as ecological and hydrological indicators for glacial ecosystem processes. Here, we compare exported microbial assemblages from the meltwater of 24 glaciers from six (sub)Arctic regions – the southwestern Greenland Ice Sheet, Qeqertarsuaq (Disko Island) in west Greenland, Iceland, Svalbard, western Norway, and southeast Alaska – differing in their lithology, catchment size, and climatic characteristics, to investigate spatial and environmental factors structuring exported meltwater assemblages. We found that 16S rRNA gene sequences of all samples were dominated by the phyla Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Actinobacteria, with Verrucomicrobia also common in Greenland localities. Clustered OTUs were largely composed of aerobic and anaerobic heterotrophs capable of degrading a wide variety of carbon substrates. A small number of OTUs dominated all assemblages, with the most abundant being from the genera Polaromonas, Methylophilus, and Nitrotoga. However, 16–32% of a region’s OTUs were unique to that region, and rare taxa revealed unique metabolic potentials and reflected differences between regions, such as the elevated relative abundances of sulfur oxidizers Sulfuricurvum sp. and Thiobacillus sp. at Svalbard sites. Meltwater alpha diversity showed a pronounced decrease with increasing latitude, and multivariate analyses of assemblages revealed significant regional clusters. Distance-based redundancy and correlation analyses further resolved associations between whole assemblages and individual OTUs with variables primarily corresponding with the sampled regions. Interestingly, some OTUs indicating specific metabolic processes were not strongly associated with corresponding meltwater characteristics (e.g., nitrification and inorganic nitrogen concentrations). Thus, while exported assemblage structure appears regionally specific, and probably reflects differences in dominant hydrological flowpaths, OTUs can also serve as indicators for more localized microbially mediated processes not captured by the traditional characterization of bulk meltwater hydrochemistry. These results collectively promote a better understanding of microbial distributions across the Arctic, as well as linkages between the terrestrial cryosphere habitats and downstream ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler J Kohler
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czechia.,Stream Biofilm and Ecosystem Research Laboratory, School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Petra Vinšová
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Lukáš Falteisek
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Jakub D Žárský
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Jacob C Yde
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Sogndal, Norway
| | - Jade E Hatton
- School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Jon R Hawkings
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Department of Earth, Ocean & Atmospheric Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, United States.,GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Potsdam, Germany
| | | | - Eran Hood
- Department of Natural Sciences, University of Alaska Southeast, Juneau, AK, United States
| | - Karen A Cameron
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, United Kingdom
| | - Marek Stibal
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
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12
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Ali B, Sajjad W, Ghimire PS, Shengyun C, Minghui W, Kang S. Culture-dependent diversity of bacteria from Laohugou glacier, Qilian Mts., China and their resistance against metals. J Basic Microbiol 2019; 59:1065-1081. [PMID: 31556143 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.201900385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
In the current study, psychrophilic, endolithic, and epilithic bacterial strains were isolated and characterized from the nonpolar Laohugou glacier (LHG) no. 12, the largest valley glacier in the western Qilian Mts. located on the northeastern edge of the Tibetan Plateau. Five different types of samples, rocks, soil, glacial water, ice/snow, and cryoconite, were collected. A total of 48 bacterial strains were isolated by using the R2A bacterial cultural medium. The findings revealed that the Gram-positive bacteria 41 (85.4%) dominated the Gram-negative bacteria 7 (14.6%) in this extremely harsh environment. Molecular characterization based on 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing exhibited that the obtained isolates belong to four phyla, among which the diversity of Firmicutes (58.33%) was higher followed by Actinobacteria (23.0%), Proteobacteria (14.6%), and least diversity was reported in Euryarchaeota (4.2%). The bacterial communities were most dominant in soil samples followed by cryoconite sample and least dominant in the ice and snow samples. Moreover, the obtained bacterial isolates were found resistant to high concentrations of heavy metals (Cr3+ , Cd2+ , Hg2+ , and Ar3+ ) and sodium chloride, and, therefore, exhibited polyextremophilic characteristics. LHG no. 12 is rich in bacterial and archaeal diversities and provides a potentially curious site for further in-depth exploration of microbial diversity and their biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barkat Ali
- State Key Laboratory of Cryosphere Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wasim Sajjad
- State Key Laboratory of Cryosphere Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Prakriti Sharma Ghimire
- State Key Laboratory of Cryosphere Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China.,Himalayan Environment Research Institute (HERI), Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Chen Shengyun
- State Key Laboratory of Cryosphere Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Wu Minghui
- State Key Laboratory of Cryosphere Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Shichang Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Cryosphere Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences, Beijing, China
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13
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Hotaling S, Foley ME, Zeglin LH, Finn DS, Tronstad LM, Giersch JJ, Muhlfeld CC, Weisrock DW. Microbial assemblages reflect environmental heterogeneity in alpine streams. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2019; 25:2576-2590. [PMID: 31077498 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Alpine streams are dynamic habitats harboring substantial biodiversity across small spatial extents. The diversity of alpine stream biota is largely reflective of environmental heterogeneity stemming from varying hydrological sources. Globally, alpine stream diversity is under threat as meltwater sources recede and stream conditions become increasingly homogeneous. Much attention has been devoted to macroinvertebrate diversity in alpine headwaters, yet to fully understand the breadth of climate change threats, a more thorough accounting of microbial diversity is needed. We characterized microbial diversity (specifically Bacteria and Archaea) of 13 streams in two disjunct Rocky Mountain subranges through 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Our study encompassed the spectrum of alpine stream sources (glaciers, snowfields, subterranean ice, and groundwater) and three microhabitats (ice, biofilms, and streamwater). We observed no difference in regional (γ) diversity between subranges but substantial differences in diversity among (β) stream types and microhabitats. Within-stream (α) diversity was highest in groundwater-fed springs, lowest in glacier-fed streams, and positively correlated with water temperature for both streamwater and biofilm assemblages. We identified an underappreciated alpine stream type-the icy seep-that are fed by subterranean ice, exhibit cold temperatures (summer mean <2°C), moderate bed stability, and relatively high conductivity. Icy seeps will likely be important for combatting biodiversity losses as they contain similar microbial assemblages to streams fed by surface ice yet may be buffered against climate change by insulating debris cover. Our results show that the patterns of microbial diversity support an ominous trend for alpine stream biodiversity; as meltwater sources decline, stream communities will become more diverse locally, but regional diversity will be lost. Icy seeps, however, represent a source of optimism for the future of biodiversity in these imperiled ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott Hotaling
- Department of Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Mary E Foley
- Department of Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
- Biology Department, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Camden, New Jersey
| | - Lydia H Zeglin
- Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas
| | - Debra S Finn
- Department of Biology, Missouri State University, Springfield, Missouri
| | - Lusha M Tronstad
- Wyoming Natural Diversity Database, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming
| | - J Joseph Giersch
- U.S. Geological Survey, Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center, West Glacier, Montana
| | - Clint C Muhlfeld
- U.S. Geological Survey, Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center, West Glacier, Montana
- Flathead Lake Biological Station, The University of Montana, Polson, Montana
| | - David W Weisrock
- Department of Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
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14
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Paun VI, Icaza G, Lavin P, Marin C, Tudorache A, Perşoiu A, Dorador C, Purcarea C. Total and Potentially Active Bacterial Communities Entrapped in a Late Glacial Through Holocene Ice Core From Scarisoara Ice Cave, Romania. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1193. [PMID: 31244788 PMCID: PMC6563852 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Our understanding of the icy-habitat microbiome is likely limited by a lack of reliable data on microorganisms inhabiting underground ice that has accumulated inside caves. To characterize how environmental variation impacts cave ice microbial community structure, we determined the composition of total and potentially active bacterial communities along a 13,000-year-old ice core from Scarisoara cave (Romania) through 16S rRNA gene Illumina sequencing. An average of 2,546 prokaryotic gDNA operational taxonomic units (OTUs) and 585 cDNA OTUs were identified across the perennial cave ice block and analyzed in relation to the geochemical composition of ice layers. The total microbial community and the putative active fraction displayed dissimilar taxa profiles. The ice-contained microbiome was dominated by Actinobacteria with a variable representation of Proteobacteria, while the putative active microbial community was equally shared between Proteobacteria and Firmicutes. Accordingly, a major presence of Cryobacterium, Lysinomonas, Pedobacter, and Aeromicrobium phylotypes homologous to psychrotrophic and psychrophilic bacteria from various cold environments were noted in the total community, while the prevalent putative active bacteria belonged to Clostridium, Pseudomonas, Janthinobacterium, Stenotrophomonas, and Massilia genera. Variation in the microbial cell density of ice strata with the dissolved organic carbon (DOC) content and the strong correlation of DOC and silicon concentrations revealed a major impact of depositional processes on microbial abundance throughout the ice block. Post-depositional processes appeared to occur mostly during the 4,000–7,000 years BP interval. A major bacterial composition shift was observed in 4,500–5,000-year-old ice, leading to a high representation of Beta- and Deltaproteobacteria in the potentially active community in response to the increased concentrations of DOC and major chemical elements. Estimated metabolic rates suggested the presence of a viable microbial community within the cave ice block, characterized by a maintenance metabolism in most strata and growth capacity in those ice deposits with high microbial abundance and DOC content. This first survey of microbial distribution in perennial cave ice formed since the Last Glacial period revealed a complex potentially active community, highlighting major shifts in community composition associated with geochemical changes that took place during climatic events that occurred about 5,000 years ago, with putative formation of photosynthetic biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria I Paun
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biology, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Gonzalo Icaza
- Laboratorio de Complejidad Microbiana y Ecología Funcional, Instituto Antofagasta, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile.,Centre for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Paris Lavin
- Laboratorio de Complejidad Microbiana y Ecología Funcional, Instituto Antofagasta, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile.,Departamento de Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Recursos Biológicos, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Constantin Marin
- Laboratory of Hydrogeochemistry, "Emil Racovita" Institute of Speleology, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Alin Tudorache
- Laboratory of Hydrogeochemistry, "Emil Racovita" Institute of Speleology, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Aurel Perşoiu
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biology, Bucharest, Romania.,"Emil Racovita" Institute of Speleology, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.,Stefan cel Mare University of Suceava, Suceava, Romania
| | - Cristina Dorador
- Laboratorio de Complejidad Microbiana y Ecología Funcional, Instituto Antofagasta, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile.,Centre for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile.,Departamento de Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Recursos Biológicos, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Cristina Purcarea
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biology, Bucharest, Romania
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15
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Kong W, Liu J, Ji M, Yue L, Kang S, Morgan-Kiss RM. Autotrophic microbial community succession from glacier terminus to downstream waters on the Tibetan Plateau. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2019; 95:5498296. [DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiz074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Weidong Kong
- Key Laboratory of Alpine Ecology and Biodiversity, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, P.R. China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Jinbo Liu
- Key Laboratory of Alpine Ecology and Biodiversity, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, P.R. China
- Department of Microbiology, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056, USA
| | - Mukan Ji
- Key Laboratory of Alpine Ecology and Biodiversity, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, P.R. China
| | - Linyan Yue
- Key Laboratory of Alpine Ecology and Biodiversity, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, P.R. China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Shichang Kang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, P.R. China
| | - Rachael M Morgan-Kiss
- State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Sciences, Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, P.R. China
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16
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Žárský JD, Kohler TJ, Yde JC, Falteisek L, Lamarche-Gagnon G, Hawkings JR, Hatton JE, Stibal M. Prokaryotic assemblages in suspended and subglacial sediments within a glacierized catchment on Qeqertarsuaq (Disko Island), west Greenland. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2018; 94:5017442. [DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiy100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jakub D Žárský
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Vinicna 7, 128 44 Prague 2, Czechia
| | - Tyler J Kohler
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Vinicna 7, 128 44 Prague 2, Czechia
| | - Jacob C Yde
- Department of Environment Sciences, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Royrgata 6, 6856 Sogndal, Norway
| | - Lukáš Falteisek
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Vinicna 7, 128 44 Prague 2, Czechia
| | - Guillaume Lamarche-Gagnon
- Bristol Glaciology Centre, School of Geographical Sciences, University of Bristol, University Road, Bristol BS8 1SS, UK
| | - Jon R Hawkings
- Bristol Glaciology Centre, School of Geographical Sciences, University of Bristol, University Road, Bristol BS8 1SS, UK
| | - Jade E Hatton
- Bristol Glaciology Centre, School of Geographical Sciences, University of Bristol, University Road, Bristol BS8 1SS, UK
| | - Marek Stibal
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Vinicna 7, 128 44 Prague 2, Czechia
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17
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Hotaling S, Hood E, Hamilton TL. Microbial ecology of mountain glacier ecosystems: biodiversity, ecological connections and implications of a warming climate. Environ Microbiol 2017; 19:2935-2948. [PMID: 28419666 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.13766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Revised: 04/08/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Glacier ecosystems are teeming with life on, beneath, and to a lesser degree, within their icy masses. This conclusion largely stems from polar research, with less attention paid to mountain glaciers that overlap environmentally and ecologically with their polar counterparts in some ways, but diverge in others. One difference lies in the susceptibility of mountain glaciers to the near-term threat of climate change, as they tend to be much smaller in both area and volume. Moreover, mountain glaciers are typically steeper, more dependent upon basal sliding for movement, and experience higher seasonal precipitation. Here, we provide a modern synthesis of the microbial ecology of mountain glacier ecosystems, and particularly those at low- to mid-latitudes. We focus on five ecological zones: the supraglacial surface, englacial interior, subglacial bedrock-ice interface, proglacial streams and glacier forefields. For each, we discuss the role of microbiota in biogeochemical cycling and outline ecological and hydrological connections among zones, underscoring the interconnected nature of these ecosystems. Collectively, we highlight the need to: better document the biodiversity and functional roles of mountain glacier microbiota; describe the ecological implications of rapid glacial retreat under climate change and resolve the relative contributions of ecological zones to broader ecosystem function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott Hotaling
- Department of Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40506, USA
| | - Eran Hood
- Department of Natural Science, University of Alaska Southeast, Juneau, AK, 99801, USA
| | - Trinity L Hamilton
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45221, USA
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18
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Oldham AL, Steinberg MK, Duncan KE, Makama Z, Beech I. Molecular methods resolve the bacterial composition of natural marine biofilms on galvanically coupled stainless steel cathodes. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 44:167-180. [PMID: 28013395 DOI: 10.1007/s10295-016-1887-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Navy vessels consist of various metal alloys and biofilm accumulation at the metal surface is thought to play a role in influencing metal deterioration. To develop better strategies to monitor and control metallic biofilms, it is necessary to resolve the bacterial composition within the biofilm. This study aimed to determine if differences in electrochemical current could influence the composition of dominant bacteria in a metallic biofilm, and if so, determine the level of resolution using metagenomic amplicon sequencing. Current was generated by creating galvanic couples between cathodes made from stainless steel and anodes made from carbon steel, aluminum, or copper nickel and exposing them in the Delaware Bay. Stainless steel cathodes (SSCs) coupled to aluminum or carbon steel generated a higher mean current (0.39 mA) than that coupled to copper nickel (0.17 mA). Following 3 months of exposure, the bacterial composition of biofilms collected from the SSCs was determined and compared. Dominant bacterial taxa from the two higher current SSCs were different from that of the low-current SSC as determined by DGGE and verified by Illumina DNA-seq analysis. These results demonstrate that electrochemical current could influence the composition of dominant bacteria in metallic biofilms and that amplicon sequencing is sufficient to complement current methods used to study metallic biofilms in marine environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athenia L Oldham
- Department of Biology, University of Texas of the Permian Basin, 4901 E University, Odessa, TX, 79762, USA.
| | - Mia K Steinberg
- Naval Surface Warfare Center Carderock Division, 9500 Macarthur Blvd, West Bethesda, MD, 20817, USA
| | - Kathleen E Duncan
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, University of Oklahoma, 770 Van Vleet Oval, GLCH #136, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
| | - Zakari Makama
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, University of Oklahoma, 100 E Boyd, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
| | - Iwona Beech
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, University of Oklahoma, 770 Van Vleet Oval, GLCH #136, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
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19
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Mateos-Rivera A, Yde JC, Wilson B, Finster KW, Reigstad LJ, Øvreås L. The effect of temperature change on the microbial diversity and community structure along the chronosequence of the sub-arctic glacier forefield of Styggedalsbreen (Norway). FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2016; 92:fnw038. [DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiw038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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