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Wang Y, Luo J, Zhao Y, Zhang J, Guan X, Sun L. Haemolysins are essential to the pathogenicity of deep-sea Vibrio fluvialis. iScience 2024; 27:109558. [PMID: 38650982 PMCID: PMC11033176 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Vibrio fluvialis is an emerging foodborne pathogen that produces VFH (Vibrio fluvialis hemolysin) and δVFH (delta-Vibrio fluvialis hemolysin). The function of δVFH is unclear. Currently, no pathogenic V. fluvialis from deep sea has been reported. In this work, a deep-sea V. fluvialis isolate (V13) was examined for pathogenicity. V13 was most closely related to V. fluvialis ATCC 33809, a human isolate, but possessed 262 unique genes. V13 caused lethal infection in fish and induced pyroptosis involving activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome, caspase 1 (Casp1), and gasdermin D (GSDMD). V13 defective in VFH or VFH plus δVFH exhibited significantly weakened cytotoxicity. Recombinant δVFH induced NLRP3-Casp1-GSDMD-mediated pyroptosis in a manner that depended on K+ efflux and intracellular Ca2+ accumulation. δVFH bound several plasma membrane lipids, and these bindings were crucial for δVFH cytotoxicity. Together these results provided new insights into the function of δVFH and the virulence mechanism of V. fluvialis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujian Wang
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Jingchang Luo
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Qingdao 266237, China
- College of Marine Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- School of Ocean, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Xiaolu Guan
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Li Sun
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Qingdao 266237, China
- College of Marine Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Zhou Y, Yu L, Liu M, Liang W, Li Z, Nan Z, Kan B. Virulence, antibiotic resistance phenotypes and molecular characterisation of Vibrio furnissii isolates from patients with diarrhoea. BMC Infect Dis 2024; 24:412. [PMID: 38641583 PMCID: PMC11027346 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-024-09273-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vibrio furnissii is an emerging human pathogen closely related to V. fluvialis that causes acute gastroenteritis. V. furnissii infection has been reported to be rarer than V. fluvialis, but a multi-drug resistance plasmid has recently been discovered in V. furnissii. METHODS During daily monitoring at a general hospital in Beijing, China, seven V. furnissii strains were collected from patients aged over 14 years who presented with acute diarrhoea between April and October 2018. Genome analysis and comparison were performed for virulence and antimicrobial resistance genes, plasmids and transposon islands, together with phylogenetic analysis. Antimicrobial resistance to 19 antibiotics was investigated using the microbroth dilution method. Virulence phenotypes were investigated based on type VI secretion system (T6SS) expression and using a bacterial killing assay and a haemolysin assay. RESULTS Phylogenetic analysis based on single-nucleotide polymorphisms revealed a closer relationship between V. furnissii and V. fluvialis than between other Vibrio spp. The seven V. furnissii isolates were in different monophyletic clades in the phylogenetic tree, suggesting that the seven cases of gastroenteritis were independent. High resistance to cefazolin, tetracycline and streptomycin was found in the V. furnissii isolates at respective rates of 100.0%, 57.1% and 42.9%, and intermediate resistance to ampicillin/sulbactam and imipenem was observed at respective rates of 85.7% and 85.7%. Of the tested strains, VFBJ02 was resistant to both imipenem and meropenem, while VFBJ01, VFBJ02, VFBJ05 and VFBJ07 were multi-drug resistant. Transposon islands containing antibiotic resistance genes were found on the multi-drug resistance plasmid in VFBJ05. Such transposon islands also occurred in VFBJ07 but were located on the chromosome. The virulence-related genes T6SS, vfh, hupO, vfp and ilpA were widespread in V. furnissii. The results of the virulence phenotype assays demonstrated that our isolated V. furnissii strains encoded an activated T6SS and grew in large colonies with strong beta-haemolysis on blood agar. CONCLUSION This study showed that diarrhoea associated with V. furnissii occurred sporadically and was more common than expected in the summer in Beijing, China. The antibiotic resistance of V. furnissii has unique characteristics compared with that of V. fluvialis. Fluoroquinolones and third-generation cephalosporins, such as ceftazidime and doxycycline, were effective at treating V. furnissii infection. Continua laboratory-based surveillance is needed for the prevention and control of V. furnissii infection, especially the dissemination of the antibiotic resistance genes in this pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Zhou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100052, China
| | - Li Yu
- Beijing Municipal Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, 100013, China
| | - Ming Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Department of Diarrheal Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Weili Liang
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Department of Diarrheal Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Zhenpeng Li
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Department of Diarrheal Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Zheng Nan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100052, China
| | - Biao Kan
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Department of Diarrheal Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 102206, China.
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Krantz M, Eklund D, Särndahl E, Hedbrant A. A detailed molecular network map and model of the NLRP3 inflammasome. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1233680. [PMID: 38077364 PMCID: PMC10699087 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1233680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The NLRP3 inflammasome is a key regulator of inflammation that responds to a broad range of stimuli. The exact mechanism of activation has not been determined, but there is a consensus on cellular potassium efflux as a major common denominator. Once NLRP3 is activated, it forms high-order complexes together with NEK7 that trigger aggregation of ASC into specks. Typically, there is only one speck per cell, consistent with the proposal that specks form - or end up at - the centrosome. ASC polymerisation in turn triggers caspase-1 activation, leading to maturation and release of IL-1β and pyroptosis, i.e., highly inflammatory cell death. Several gain-of-function mutations in the NLRP3 inflammasome have been suggested to induce spontaneous activation of NLRP3 and hence contribute to development and disease severity in numerous autoinflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Consequently, the NLRP3 inflammasome is of significant clinical interest, and recent attention has drastically improved our insight in the range of involved triggers and mechanisms of signal transduction. However, despite recent progress in knowledge, a clear and comprehensive overview of how these mechanisms interplay to shape the system level function is missing from the literature. Here, we provide such an overview as a resource to researchers working in or entering the field, as well as a computational model that allows for evaluating and explaining the function of the NLRP3 inflammasome system from the current molecular knowledge. We present a detailed reconstruction of the molecular network surrounding the NLRP3 inflammasome, which account for each specific reaction and the known regulatory constraints on each event as well as the mechanisms of drug action and impact of genetics when known. Furthermore, an executable model from this network reconstruction is generated with the aim to be used to explain NLRP3 activation from priming and activation to the maturation and release of IL-1β and IL-18. Finally, we test this detailed mechanistic model against data on the effect of different modes of inhibition of NLRP3 assembly. While the exact mechanisms of NLRP3 activation remains elusive, the literature indicates that the different stimuli converge on a single activation mechanism that is additionally controlled by distinct (positive or negative) priming and licensing events through covalent modifications of the NLRP3 molecule. Taken together, we present a compilation of the literature knowledge on the molecular mechanisms on NLRP3 activation, a detailed mechanistic model of NLRP3 activation, and explore the convergence of diverse NLRP3 activation stimuli into a single input mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Krantz
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
- Inflammatory Response and Infection Susceptibility Centre (iRiSC), Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Daniel Eklund
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
- Inflammatory Response and Infection Susceptibility Centre (iRiSC), Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Eva Särndahl
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
- Inflammatory Response and Infection Susceptibility Centre (iRiSC), Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Alexander Hedbrant
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
- Inflammatory Response and Infection Susceptibility Centre (iRiSC), Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
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Mavhungu M, Digban TO, Nwodo UU. Incidence and Virulence Factor Profiling of Vibrio Species: A Study on Hospital and Community Wastewater Effluents. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2449. [PMID: 37894107 PMCID: PMC10609040 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11102449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the incidence and virulence factor profiling of Vibrio species from hospital wastewater (HWW) and community wastewater effluents. Wastewater samples from selected sites were collected, processed, and analysed presumptively by the culture dependent methods and molecular techniques. A total of 270 isolates were confirmed as Vibrio genus delineating into V. cholerae (27%), V. parahaemolyticus (9.1%), V. vulnificus (4.1%), and V. fluvialis (3%). The remainder (>50%) may account for other Vibrio species not identified in the study. The four Vibrio species were isolated from secondary hospital wastewater effluent (SHWE), while V. cholerae was the sole specie isolated from Limbede community wastewater effluent (LCWE) and none of the four Vibrio species was recovered from tertiary hospital wastewater effluent (THWE). However, several virulence genes were identified among V. cholerae isolates from SHWE: ToxR (88%), hylA (81%), tcpA (64%), VPI (58%), ctx (44%), and ompU (34%). Virulence genes factors among V. cholerae isolates from LCWE were: ToxR (78%), ctx (67%), tcpA (44%), and hylA (44%). Two different genes (vfh and hupO) were identified in all confirmed V. fluvialis isolates. Among V. vulnificus, vcgA (50%) and vcgB (67%) were detected. In V. parahaemolyticus, tdh (56%) and tlh (100%) were also identified. This finding reveals that the studied aquatic niches pose serious potential health risk with Vibrio species harbouring virulence signatures. The distribution of virulence genes is valuable for ecological site quality, as well as epidemiological marker in the control and management of diseases caused by Vibrio species. Regular monitoring of HWW and communal wastewater effluent would allow relevant establishments to forecast, detect, and mitigate any public health threats in advance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mashudu Mavhungu
- Patho-Biocatalysis Group, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, Private Bag X1314, Alice 5700, South Africa (T.O.D.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, Alice 5700, South Africa
| | - Tennison O. Digban
- Patho-Biocatalysis Group, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, Private Bag X1314, Alice 5700, South Africa (T.O.D.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, Alice 5700, South Africa
| | - Uchechukwu U. Nwodo
- Patho-Biocatalysis Group, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, Private Bag X1314, Alice 5700, South Africa (T.O.D.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, Alice 5700, South Africa
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Zheng H, Huang Y, Liu P, Yan L, Zhou Y, Yang C, Wu Y, Qin J, Guo Y, Pei X, Guo Y, Cui Y, Liang W. Population genomics of the food-borne pathogen Vibrio fluvialis reveals lineage associated pathogenicity-related genetic elements. Microb Genom 2022; 8. [PMID: 35212619 PMCID: PMC8942032 DOI: 10.1099/mgen.0.000769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Vibrio fluvialis is a food-borne pathogen with epidemic potential that causes cholera-like acute gastroenteritis and sometimes extraintestinal infections in humans. However, research on its genetic diversity and pathogenicity-related genetic elements based on whole genome sequences is lacking. In this study, we collected and sequenced 130 strains of V. fluvialis from 14 provinces of China, and also determined the susceptibility of 35 of the strains to 30 different antibiotics. Combined with 52 publicly available V. fluvialis genomes, we inferred the population structure and investigated the characteristics of pathogenicity-related factors. The V. fluvialis strains exhibited high levels of homologous recombination and were assigned to two major populations, VflPop1 and VflPop2, according to the different compositions of their gene pools. VflPop2 was subdivided into groups 2.1 and 2.2. Except for VflPop2.2, which consisted only of Asian strains, the strains in VflPop1 and VflPop2.1 were distributed in the Americas, Asia and Europe. Analysis of the pathogenicity potential of V. fluvialis showed that most of the identified virulence-related genes or gene clusters showed high prevalence in V. fluvialis, except for three mobile genetic elements: pBD146, ICEVflInd1 and MGIVflInd1, which were scattered in only a few strains. A total of 21 antimicrobial resistance genes were identified in the genomes of the 182 strains analysed in this study, and 19 (90%) of them were exclusively present in VflPop2. Notably, the tetracycline resistance-related gene tet(35) was present in 150 (95%) of the strains in VflPop2, and in only one (4%) strain in VflPop1, indicating it was population-specific. In total, 91% of the 35 selected strains showed resistance to cefazolin, indicating V. fluvialis has a high resistance rate to cefazolin. Among the 15 genomes that carried the previously reported drug resistance-related plasmid pBD146, 11 (73%) showed resistance to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, which we inferred was related to the presence of the dfr6 gene in the plasmid. On the basis of the population genomics analysis, the genetic diversity, population structure and distribution of pathogenicity-related factors of V. fluvialis were delineated in this study. The results will provide further clues regarding the evolution and pathogenic mechanisms of V. fluvialis, and improve our knowledge for the prevention and control of this pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyuan Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, PR China
| | - Yuanming Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, PR China
| | - Ping Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, PR China
| | - Lin Yan
- National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing 100022, PR China
| | - Yanyan Zhou
- Center of Clinical Laboratory, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, PR China
| | - Chao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, PR China
| | - Yarong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, PR China
| | - Jingliang Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, PR China
| | - Yan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, PR China
| | - Xiaoyan Pei
- National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing 100022, PR China
| | - Yunchang Guo
- National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing 100022, PR China
| | - Yujun Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, PR China
| | - Weili Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, PR China
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Yu G, Wang J, Zhang W, Yang Q, Liu G, Wang L, Bello BK, Zhang X, Zhang T, Fan H, Zhao P, Liang W, Dong J. NLRP3 inflammasome signal pathway involves in Vibrio harveyi-induced inflammatory response in murine peritoneal macrophages in vitro. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2021; 53:1590-1601. [PMID: 34569606 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmab137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Vibrio harveyi, an important zoonotic pathogen, can infect wounds and cause inflammatory response. Understanding the inflammatory response pathways could facilitate the exploration of molecular mechanisms for treating V. harveyi infection. NLR family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is involved in the interaction between hosts and pathogenic microorganisms and could be sensed by various pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) or damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). Nonetheless, the function of NLRP3 inflammasome in V. harveyi infection remains unclear. In the present study, we established a V. harveyi infection model using murine peritoneal macrophages (PMs). Various techniques, including western blot analysis, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), RT-qPCR, immunofluorescence, and inhibition assays, were used to explore the molecular mechanism of V. harveyi-induced inflammation. The results showed that many inflammatory cytokines participated in V. harveyi infection, with interleukin (IL)-1β being the most abundant. Pan-caspase inhibitor pretreatment significantly decreased the secretion of IL-1β in murine PMs. Moreover, the identification of V. harveyi involved a large number of NLR molecules, especially the NLRP3 receptor, and further studies revealed that NLPR3 inflammasome was activated by V. harveyi infection, as evidenced by puncta-like NLRP3 surrounding cell nuclear, ASC specks in the nucleus and cytoplasm, and ASC oligomerization. Inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome impaired the release of mature IL-1β in V. harveyi-infected murine PMs. Furthermore, blocking the secretion of mature IL-1β could markedly decrease the release of other proinflammatory cytokines, including IL-6, IL-12, and tumor necrosis factor-α. Overall, these data indicated that NLRP3 inflammasome was activated in response to V. harveyi infection and enhanced inflammatory response by promoting IL-1β secretion in murine PMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guili Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biological Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Jinxin Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biological Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biological Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Qiankun Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biological Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Gang Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biological Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biological Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Babatunde Kazeem Bello
- Lianyungang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Lianyungang 222006, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biological Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Tianmeng Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biological Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Hui Fan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biological Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Panpan Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biological Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Wei Liang
- Laboratory Department of Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo Hospital of Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315010, China
| | - Jingquan Dong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biological Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
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Wang J, Ding Q, Yang Q, Fan H, Yu G, Liu F, Bello BK, Zhang X, Zhang T, Dong J, Liu G, Zhao P. Vibrio alginolyticus Triggers Inflammatory Response in Mouse Peritoneal Macrophages via Activation of NLRP3 Inflammasome. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:769777. [PMID: 34869071 PMCID: PMC8634873 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.769777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Vibrio alginolyticus is a food-borne marine Vibrio that causes gastroenteritis, otitis media, otitis externa, and septicemia in humans. The pathogenic mechanisms of V. alginolyticus have previously been studied in aquaculture animals; however, the underlying mechanisms in mammals remain unknown. In this study, an in vitro model of mouse peritoneal macrophages infected with V. alginolyticus was established. qPCR results revealed that V. alginolyticus induced the transcription levels of various cytokines, including IL-1β, IL-12, IL-18, TNF-α, IL-17, IL-6, IFN-γ, and IL-10, and the secretion level of IL-1β is the most significant. Inhibition assays with Ac-YVAD-CHO (a caspase-1 inhibitor) and Z-VAD-FMK (a pan-caspase inhibitor) were conducted to determine whether caspase-1 or caspase-11 is involved in V. alginolyticus-triggered IL-1β secretion. Results showed that IL-1β secretion was partly inhibited by Ac-YVAD-CHO and absolutely blocked by Z-VAD-FMK. To explore the sensed pattern recognition receptors, several NLR family members and the AIM2 receptor were detected and many receptors were upregulated especially NLRP3. Moreover, the NLRP3 protein displayed a puncta-like surrounding cell nucleus, which signified that the NLRP3 inflammasome was activated in response to V. alginolyticus infection. Inhibition assays with glyburide and CA-074 methyl ester (K+ outflow inhibitor and cathepsin B inhibitor) blocked IL-1β secretion, which demonstrated the essential role of the NLRP3 inflammasome in inflammatory response. To better understand how V. alginolyticus affects IL-1β release, the NLRP3 inflammasome was detected with doses ranging from 0.1 to 10 MOIs and time periods ranging from 3 to 12 h. Results showed that V. alginolyticus-mediated NLRP3 inflammasome activation was in a time- and dose-dependent manner and IL-1β release peaked at MOI of 1 for 12 h. Most importantly, blocking the NLRP3 inflammasome with inhibitors and the use of NLRP3-/- and caspase-1/11-/- mice could attenuate pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion, such as IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12, and TNF-α. Taken together, our study first found that the NLRP3 inflammasome plays vital roles in V. alginolyticus triggered inflammatory response in mouse peritoneal macrophages. This may provide reference information for the development of potential anti-inflammatory treatments against V. alginolyticus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinxin Wang
- Jiangsu Institute of Marine Resources Develepment, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Lianyungang, China
| | - Qun Ding
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second People's Hospital of Lianyungang City, Lianyungang, China
| | - Qiankun Yang
- Jiangsu Institute of Marine Resources Develepment, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Lianyungang, China
| | - Hui Fan
- Jiangsu Institute of Marine Resources Develepment, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Lianyungang, China
| | - Guili Yu
- Jiangsu Institute of Marine Resources Develepment, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Lianyungang, China
| | - Feixue Liu
- Jiangsu Institute of Marine Resources Develepment, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Lianyungang, China
| | - Babatunde Kazeem Bello
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Lianyungang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lianyungang, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Jiangsu Institute of Marine Resources Develepment, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Lianyungang, China
| | - Tianmeng Zhang
- Jiangsu Institute of Marine Resources Develepment, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Lianyungang, China
| | - Jingquan Dong
- Jiangsu Institute of Marine Resources Develepment, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Lianyungang, China
| | - Gang Liu
- Jiangsu Institute of Marine Resources Develepment, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Lianyungang, China
| | - Panpan Zhao
- Jiangsu Institute of Marine Resources Develepment, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Lianyungang, China
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Wang D, Zheng Q, Lv Q, Cai Y, Zheng Y, Chen H, Zhang W. Analysis of Community Composition of Bacterioplankton in Changle Seawater in China by Illumina Sequencing Combined with Bacteria Culture. Orthop Surg 2021; 14:139-148. [PMID: 34816606 PMCID: PMC8755877 DOI: 10.1111/os.13060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To characterize the abundance and relative composition of seawater bacterioplankton communities in Changle city using Illumina MiSeq sequencing and bacterial culture techniques. METHODS Seawater samples and physicochemical factors were collected from the coastal zone of Changle city on 8 September 2019. Nineteen filter membranes were obtained after using a suction filtration system. We randomly selected eight samples for total seawater bacteria (SWDNA group) sequencing and three samples for active seawater bacteria (SWRNA group) sequencing by Illumina MiSeq. The remaining eight samples were used for bacterial culture and identification. Alpha diversity including species coverage (Coverage), species diversity (Shannon-Wiener and Simpson index), richness estimators (Chao1), and abundance-based richness estimation (ACE) were calculated to assess biodiversity of seawater bacterioplankton. Beta diversity was used to evaluate the differences between samples. The species abundance differences were determined using the Wilcoxon rank-sum test. Statistical analyses were performed in R environment. RESULTS The Alpha diversity in the SWDNA group in each index was ACE 3206.99, Chao1 2615.12, Shannon 4.64, Simpson 0.05, and coverage 0.97; the corresponding index was ACE 1199.55, Chao1 934.75, Shannon 3.49, Simpson 0.09, and coverage 0.99. The sequencing results of seawater bacterial genes in the coastal waters of Changle city showed that the phyla of high-abundance bacteria of both the SWDNA and SWRNA groups included Cyanobacteria, Proteobacteria, and Bacteroidetes. The main classes included Oxyphotobacteria, Alphaproteobacteria, and Gammaproteobacteria. The main genera included Synechococcus CC9902, Chloroplast, and Cyanobium_PCC-6307. Beta diversity analysis showed a significant difference between the SWDNA and SWRNA groups (P < 0.05). The species abundance differences between SWDNA and SWRNA groups after Wilcoxon rank-sum test showed that, at the phylum level, Actinomycetes was more abundant in SWDNA group (9.17 vs 1.02%, P < 0.05); at the class level, Actinomycetes (δ- Proteus) was more abundant in SWDNA group (9.47% vs 1.01%, P < 0.05); and at the genus level, Chloroplast was more abundant in SWRNA group (13.07% vs 44.57%, P < 0.05). Nine species and 53 colonies were found by bacterial culture: 20 strains of Vibrio (37.74%), 22 strains of Enterobacter (41.51%), and 11 strains of non-fermentative bacteria (20.75%). CONCLUSION Illumi MiSeq sequencing of seawater bacteria revealed that the total bacterial community groups and the active bacterial community groups mainly comprised Cyanobacteria, Proteobacteria, and Bacteroides at the phylum level; Oxyphotobacteria, α-Proteobacteria, and γ-Proteobacteria at the class level; with Synechococcus_CC9902, Chloroplast, and Cyanobium_PCC-6307 comprising the predominant genera. Exploring the composition and differences of seawater bacteria assists understanding regarding the biodiversity and the infections related to seawater bacteria along the coast of the Changle, provides information that will aid in the diagnosis and treatment of such infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Du Wang
- Department of Joint Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Qingcong Zheng
- Department of Orthopedics, 900th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force, Fuzhou, China
| | - Qi Lv
- Department of Orthopedics, 900th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yuanqing Cai
- Department of Joint Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yun Zheng
- Department of Orthopedics, 900th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force, Fuzhou, China
| | - Huidong Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, 900th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force, Fuzhou, China
| | - Wenming Zhang
- Department of Joint Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
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Nájera CA, Batista MF, Meneghelli I, Bahia D. Mixed signals - how Trypanosoma cruzi exploits host-cell communication and signaling to establish infection. J Cell Sci 2021; 134:134/5/jcs255687. [PMID: 33692153 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.255687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Chagas disease (American trypanosomiasis) is a 'neglected' pathology that affects millions of people worldwide, mainly in Latin America. Trypanosoma cruzi, the causative agent, is an obligate intracellular parasite with a complex and diverse biology that infects several mammalian species, including humans. Because of genetic variability among strains and the presence of four biochemically and morphologically distinct parasite forms, the outcome of T. cruzi infection varies considerably depending on host cell type and parasite strain. During the initial contact, cellular communication is established by host-recognition-mediated responses, followed by parasite adherence and penetration. For this purpose, T. cruzi expresses a variety of proteins that modify the host cell, enabling it to safely reach the cytoplasm. After entry into the host cell, T. cruzi forms a transitory structure termed 'parasitophorous vacuole' (PV), followed by its cytoplasmic replication and differentiation after PV rupture, and subsequent invasion of other cells. The success of infection, maintenance and survival inside host cells is facilitated by the ability of T. cruzi to subvert various host signaling mechanisms. We focus in this Review on the various mechanisms that induce host cytoskeletal rearrangements, activation of autophagy-related proteins and crosstalk among major immune response regulators, as well as recent studies on the JAK-STAT pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Acides Nájera
- Departamento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 486, Brazil
| | - Marina Ferreira Batista
- Departamento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 486, Brazil
| | - Isabela Meneghelli
- Departamento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 486, Brazil
| | - Diana Bahia
- Departamento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 486, Brazil
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Soare AY, Freeman TL, Min AK, Malik HS, Osota EO, Swartz TH. P2RX7 at the Host-Pathogen Interface of Infectious Diseases. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 2021; 85:e00055-20. [PMID: 33441488 PMCID: PMC7849353 DOI: 10.1128/mmbr.00055-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The P2X7 receptor (P2RX7) is an important molecule that functions as a danger sensor, detecting extracellular nucleotides from injured cells and thus signaling an inflammatory program to nearby cells. It is expressed in immune cells and plays important roles in pathogen surveillance and cell-mediated responses to infectious organisms. There is an abundance of literature on the role of P2RX7 in inflammatory diseases and the role of these receptors in host-pathogen interactions. Here, we describe the current knowledge of the role of P2RX7 in the host response to a variety of pathogens, including viruses, bacteria, fungi, protozoa, and helminths. We describe in vitro and in vivo evidence for the critical role these receptors play in mediating and modulating immune responses. Our observations indicate a role for P2X7 signaling in sensing damage-associated molecular patterns released by nearby infected cells to facilitate immunopathology or protection. In this review, we describe how P2RX7 signaling can play critical roles in numerous cells types in response to a diverse array of pathogens in mediating pathogenesis and immunity to infectious agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Y Soare
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Tracey L Freeman
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Alice K Min
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Hagerah S Malik
- University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Elizabeth O Osota
- University of California San Diego, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Talia H Swartz
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
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11
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Song L, Xiao Y, Li X, Huang Y, Meng G, Ren Z. Activation of the Nlrp3 Inflammasome Contributes to Shiga Toxin-Induced Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome in a Mouse Model. Front Immunol 2021; 11:619096. [PMID: 33552083 PMCID: PMC7859089 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.619096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To explore the role of the Nlrp3 inflammasome activation in the development of hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) induced by Stx2 and evaluate the efficacy of small molecule Nlrp3 inhibitors in preventing the HUS. Methods Peritoneal macrophages (PMs) isolated from wild-type (WT) C57BL/6J mice and gene knockout mice (Nlrc4 -/-, Aim2 -/-, and Nlrp3 -/-) were treated with Stx2 in vitro and their IL-1β releases were measured. WT mice and Nlrp3 -/- mice were also treated with Stx2 in vivo by injection, and the biochemical indices (serum IL-1β, creatinine [CRE] and blood urea nitrogen [BUN]), renal injury, and animal survival were compared. To evaluate the effect of the Nlrp3 inhibitors in preventing HUS, WT mice were pretreated with different Nlrp3 inhibitors (MCC950, CY-09, Oridonin) before Stx2 treatment, and their biochemical indices and survival were compared with the WT mice without inhibitor pretreatment. Results When PMs were stimulated by Stx2 in vitro, IL-1β release in Nlrp3 -/- PMs was significantly lower compared to the other PMs. The Nlrp3 -/- mice treated by Stx2 in vivo, showed lower levels of the biochemical indices, alleviated renal injuries, and increased survival rate. When the WT mice were pretreated with the Nlrp3 inhibitors, both the biochemical indices and survival were significantly improved compared to those without inhibitor pretreatment, with Oridonin being most potent. Conclusion Nlrp3 inflammasome activation plays a vital role in the HUS development when mice are challenged by Stx2, and Oridonin is effective in preventing HUS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqiong Song
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Research Units of Discovery of Unknown Bacteria and Function (2018 RU010), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuchun Xiao
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Research Units of Discovery of Unknown Bacteria and Function (2018 RU010), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xianping Li
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Research Units of Discovery of Unknown Bacteria and Function (2018 RU010), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanming Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Research Units of Discovery of Unknown Bacteria and Function (2018 RU010), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guangxun Meng
- The Center for Microbes, Development and Health, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology & Immunology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute Pasteur of Shanghai, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhihong Ren
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Research Units of Discovery of Unknown Bacteria and Function (2018 RU010), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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12
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Jing W, Lo Pilato J, Kay C, Man SM. Activation mechanisms of inflammasomes by bacterial toxins. Cell Microbiol 2021; 23:e13309. [PMID: 33426791 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.13309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Inflammasomes are cytosolic innate immune complexes, which assemble in mammalian cells in response to microbial components and endogenous danger signals. A major family of inflammasome activators is bacterial toxins. Inflammasome sensor proteins, such as the nucleotide-binding oligomerisation domain-like receptor (NLR) family members NLRP1b and NLRP3, and the tripartite motif family member Pyrin+ efflux triggered by pore-forming toxins or by other toxin-induced homeostasis-altering events such as lysosomal rupture. Pyrin senses perturbation of host cell functions induced by certain enzymatic toxins resulting in impairment of RhoA GTPase activity. Assembly of the inflammasome complex activates the cysteine protease caspase-1, leading to the proteolytic cleavage of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-18, and the pore-forming protein gasdermin D causing pyroptosis. In this review, we discuss the latest progress in our understanding on the activation mechanisms of inflammasome complexes by bacterial toxins and effector proteins and explore avenues for future research into the relationships between inflammasomes and bacterial toxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weidong Jing
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Jordan Lo Pilato
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Callum Kay
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Si Ming Man
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
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13
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Liu L, Song L, Deng R, Lan R, Jin W, Tran Van Nhieu G, Cao H, Liu Q, Xiao Y, Li X, Meng G, Ren Z. Citrobacter freundii Activation of NLRP3 Inflammasome via the Type VI Secretion System. J Infect Dis 2020; 223:2174-2185. [PMID: 33151309 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiaa692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Citrobacter freundii is a significant cause of human infections, responsible for food poisoning, diarrhea, and urinary tract infections. We previously identified a highly cytotoxic and adhesive C. freundii strain CF74 expressing a type VI secretion system (T6SS). In this study, we showed that in mice-derived macrophages, C. freundii CF74 activated the Nucleotide Oligomerization Domain -Like Receptor Family, Pyrin Domain Containing 3(NLRP3) inflammasomes in a T6SS-dependent manner. The C. freundii T6SS activated the inflammasomes mainly through caspase 1 and mediated pyroptosis of macrophages by releasing the cleaved gasdermin-N domain. The CF74 T6SS was required for flagellin-induced interleukin 1β release by macrophages. We further show that the T6SS tail component and effector, hemolysin co-regulation protein-2 (Hcp-2), was necessary and sufficient to trigger NLRP3 inflammasome activation. In vivo, the T6SS played a key role in mediating interleukin 1β secretion and the survival of mice during C. freundii infection in mice. These findings provide novel insights into the role of T6SS in the pathogenesis of C. freundii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Research Units of Discovery of Unknown Bacteria and Function (2018RU010), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Liqiong Song
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Research Units of Discovery of Unknown Bacteria and Function (2018RU010), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Rong Deng
- The Center for Microbes, Development and Health, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology & Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruiting Lan
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Wenjie Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Research Units of Discovery of Unknown Bacteria and Function (2018RU010), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guy Tran Van Nhieu
- Calcium Signaling and Microbial Infections, Inserm U1282, Laboratoire de Biologie et Pharmacologie Appliquée, UMR 8113, Ecole Normale Supérieure Paris Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Huifang Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Qin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuchun Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Research Units of Discovery of Unknown Bacteria and Function (2018RU010), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xianping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Research Units of Discovery of Unknown Bacteria and Function (2018RU010), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guangxun Meng
- The Center for Microbes, Development and Health, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology & Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhihong Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Research Units of Discovery of Unknown Bacteria and Function (2018RU010), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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14
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Song L, Li X, Xiao Y, Huang Y, Jiang Y, Meng G, Ren Z. Contribution of Nlrp3 Inflammasome Activation Mediated by Suilysin to Streptococcal Toxic Shock-like Syndrome. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1788. [PMID: 32922370 PMCID: PMC7456889 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the molecular mechanism of inflammasome activation in response to Streptococcus suis serotype 2 (SS2) infection and its contribution to the development of streptococcal toxic shock-like syndrome (STSS). Methods: To verify the role of suilysin (SLY) in STSS, we infected bone-marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) in vitro and C57BL/6J mice intraperitoneally (IP) with the SS2 wild-type (WT) strain or isogenic sly mutant (∆SLY) to measure the interleukin (IL)-1β release and survival rate. To determine the role of inflammasome activation and pyroptosis in STSS, we infected BMDMs from WT and various deficient mice, including Nlrp3-deficient (Nlrp3−/−), Nlrc4-deficient (Nlrc4−/−), Asc-deficient (Asc−/−), Aim2-deficient (Aim2−/−), Caspase-1/11-deficient (Caspase-1/11−/−), and Gsdmd-deficient (Gsdmd−/−) ex vivo, and IP injected WT, Nlrp3−/−, Caspase-1/11−/−, and Gsdmd−/− mice with SS2, to compare the IL-1β releases and survival rate in vivo. Results: The SS2-induced IL-1β production in mouse macrophages is mediated by SLY ex vivo. The survival rate of WT mice infected with SS2 was significantly lower than that of mice infected with the ∆SLY strain in vivo. Furthermore, SS2-triggered IL-1β releases, and the cytotoxicity in the BMDMs required the activation of the NOD-Like Receptors Family Pyrin Domain Containing 3 (Nlrp3), Caspase-1/11, and gasdermin D (Gsdmd) inflammasomes, but not the Nlrc4 and Aim2 inflammasomes ex vivo. The IL-1β production and survival rate of WT mice infected with SS2 were significantly lower than those of the Nlrp3−/−, Caspase-1/11−/−, and Gsdmd−/− mice in vivo. Finally, the inhibitor of the Nlrp3 inflammasome could reduce the IL-1β release and cytotoxicity of SS2-infected macrophages ex vivo and protect SS2-infected mice from death in vivo. Conclusion: Nlrp3 inflammasome activation triggered by SLY in macrophages played an important role in the pathogenesis of STSS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqiong Song
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.,Research Units of Discovery of Unknown Bacteria and Function (2018 RU010), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xianping Li
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.,Research Units of Discovery of Unknown Bacteria and Function (2018 RU010), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuchun Xiao
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.,Research Units of Discovery of Unknown Bacteria and Function (2018 RU010), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanming Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.,Research Units of Discovery of Unknown Bacteria and Function (2018 RU010), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yongqiang Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guangxun Meng
- The Center for Microbes, Development and Health, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhihong Ren
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.,Research Units of Discovery of Unknown Bacteria and Function (2018 RU010), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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15
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Qin F, Wu H, Li X, Han J. Correlation between changes in gut flora and serum inflammatory factors in children with noninfectious diarrhea. J Int Med Res 2020; 48:300060519896154. [PMID: 31948328 PMCID: PMC7113706 DOI: 10.1177/0300060519896154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To assess the association between changes in gut flora and serum inflammatory factors in children with noninfectious diarrhea. Basic Procedure Ninety-three children diagnosed with and treated for noninfectious diarrhea (diarrhea group) and 80 healthy children (healthy control group) were enrolled in this study. Fresh fecal samples were diluted, and after cultivating bacteria for 48 hours at 37°C, we compared the number of bacterial cells in gut flora per gram of feces and determined gut colonization resistance. Findings The abundance of Escherichia coli and Enterococcus in feces was significantly higher in the diarrhea group than in the healthy control group. Conversely, the abundance of Bifidobacterium and lactic acid bacteria was significantly lower in the diarrhea group than in the healthy control group. Serum interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, IL-17, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α levels in the diarrhea group were significantly higher than those in the healthy control group. Pearson’s correlation analysis revealed that serum IL-1, IL-6, IL-17, and TNF-α levels positively correlated with abundance of E. coli and Enterococcus and negatively correlated with abundance of Bifidobacterium and lactic acid bacteria. Conclusions Gut dysbacteriosis and overexpression of serum inflammatory factors occur in children with noninfectious diarrhea and are closely correlated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Qin
- Department of Pediatrics, Liaocheng Second People's Hospital, Liaocheng, Linqing, Shandong, China
| | - Haibo Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, Zaozhuang Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Zaozhuang, Shandong, China
| | - Xiumin Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Liaocheng Second People's Hospital, Liaocheng, Linqing, Shandong, China
| | - Jie Han
- Department of Pediatrics, Liaocheng Second People's Hospital, Liaocheng, Linqing, Shandong, China
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16
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17
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Campden RI, Zhang Y. The role of lysosomal cysteine cathepsins in NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Arch Biochem Biophys 2019; 670:32-42. [PMID: 30807742 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2019.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Lysosomal cysteine cathepsins are a family of proteases that are involved in a myriad of cellular processes from proteolytic degradation in the lysosome to bone resorption. These proteins mature following the cleavage of a pro-domain in the lysosome to become either exo- or endo-peptidases. The cathepsins B, C, L, S and Z have been implicated in NLRP3 inflammasome activation following their activation with ATP, monosodium urate, silica crystals, or bacterial components, among others. These five cathepsins have both compensatory and independent functions in NLRP3 inflammasome activation. There is much evidence in the literature to support the release of cathepsin B following lysosomal membrane degradation which leads to NLRP3 inflammasome activation. This is likely due to a hitherto unidentified role of this protein in the cytoplasm, although other interactions with autophagy proteins and within lysosomes have been proposed. Cathepsin C is involved in the processing of neutrophil IL-1β through processing of upstream proteases. Cathepsin Z is non-redundantly required for NLRP3 inflammasome activation following nigericin, ATP and monosodium urate activation. Lysosomal cysteine cathepsins are members of a diverse and complementary family, and likely share both overlapping and independent functions in NLRP3 inflammasome activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhiannon I Campden
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
| | - Yifei Zhang
- Institute for Immunology, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
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18
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A multicomponent toxin from Bacillus cereus incites inflammation and shapes host outcome via the NLRP3 inflammasome. Nat Microbiol 2018; 4:362-374. [PMID: 30531979 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-018-0318-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Host recognition of microbial components is essential in mediating an effective immune response. Cytosolic bacteria must secure entry into the host cytoplasm to facilitate replication and, in doing so, liberate microbial ligands that activate cytosolic innate immune sensors and the inflammasome. Here, we identified a multicomponent enterotoxin, haemolysin BL (HBL), that engages activation of the inflammasome. This toxin is highly conserved among the human pathogen Bacillus cereus. The three subunits of HBL bind to the cell membrane in a linear order, forming a lytic pore and inducing activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome, secretion of interleukin-1β and interleukin-18, and pyroptosis. Mechanistically, the HBL-induced pore results in the efflux of potassium and triggers the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome. Furthermore, HBL-producing B. cereus induces rapid inflammasome-mediated mortality. Pharmacological inhibition of the NLRP3 inflammasome using MCC950 prevents B. cereus-induced lethality. Overall, our results reveal that cytosolic sensing of a toxin is central to the innate immune recognition of infection. Therapeutic modulation of this pathway enhances host protection against deadly bacterial infections.
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He S, Xie L, Lu J, Sun S. Characteristics and potential role of M2 macrophages in COPD. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2017; 12:3029-3039. [PMID: 29089751 PMCID: PMC5655159 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s147144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background COPD is a multi-pathogenesis disease mainly caused by smoking. A further understanding of the mechanism of smoking-related COPD might contribute to preventions and treatments of this disease in the early stages. This study was designed to identify the characteristics of M2 macrophages in COPD for a better understanding about their potential role. Materials and methods COPD models were built in the C57BL/6 mouse by cigarette smoke (CS) exposure combined with intraperitoneal injection of cigarette smoke extract (CSE). The modeling efficiency was evaluated by lung function and hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. The number of different macrophage phenotypes was detected by immunohistochemical staining (IHS) of CD206, CD86 and CD68 on the lung tissue paraffin section. The RAW264.7 cells were polarized toward the M2 phenotype by interleukin IL-4 and confirmed by a flow cytometer. The gene expression levels of TGF-βRII, Smad2, Smad3 and Smad7 in CSE-treated M2 macrophages were detected by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The expression levels of TGF-β/Smad pathway-related makers (TGF-βRII, p-Smad2, p-Smad3, Smad7 and TGF-β) in alveolar M2 macrophages were detected by two consecutive paraffin section IHS. Results The COPD model is well established, which is confirmed by the lung function test and lung H&E staining. The whole number of macrophages and the ratio of M2/M1 phenotype are both increased (p<0.05). The level of CD206+ cells in IL-4-stimulated RAW264.7 cells is up to 93.4%, which is confirmed by a flow cytometer. The gene expression of TGF-βRII, Smad2, Smad3 and Smad7 are all enhanced (p<0.05) in CES-treated M2 macrophages, which is detected by RT-PCR. The protein levels of TGF-β/Smad pathway-related markers are all increased in alveolar M2 macrophages of the model group. Conclusion This study found an increased deposition of alveolar M2 macrophages in the mouse COPD model and an increased expression level of TGF-β/Smad pathway in M2 macrophages, both in vitro and in vivo, induced by CSE and/or CS exposure, indicating that M2 macrophages might contribute to COPD through changing of phenotype and TGF-β/Smad pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengyang He
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Lihua Xie
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Junjuan Lu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Shenghua Sun
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
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Huang Y, Du P, Zhao M, Liu W, Du Y, Diao B, Li J, Kan B, Liang W. Functional Characterization and Conditional Regulation of the Type VI Secretion System in Vibrio fluvialis. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:528. [PMID: 28424671 PMCID: PMC5371669 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Vibrio fluvialis is an emerging foodborne pathogen of increasing public health concern. The mechanism(s) that contribute to the bacterial survival and disease are still poorly understood. In other bacterial species, type VI secretion systems (T6SSs) are known to contribute to bacterial pathogenicity by exerting toxic effects on host cells or competing bacterial species. In this study, we characterized the genetic organization and prevalence of two T6SS gene clusters (VflT6SS1 and VflT6SS2) in V. fluvialis. VflT6SS2 harbors three “orphan” hcp-vgrG modules and was more prevalent than VflT6SS1 in our isolates. We showed that VflT6SS2 is functionally active under low (25°C) and warm (30°C) temperatures by detecting the secretion of a T6SS substrate, Hcp. This finding suggests that VflT6SS2 may play an important role in the survival of the bacterium in the aquatic environment. The secretion of Hcp is growth phase-dependent and occurs in a narrow range of the growth phase (OD600 from 1.0 to 2.0). Osmolarity also regulates the function of VflT6SS2, as evidenced by our finding that increasing salinity (from 170 to 855 mM of NaCl) and exposure to high osmolarity KCl, sucrose, trehalose, or mannitol (equivalent to 340 mM of NaCl) induced significant secretion of Hcp under growth at 30°C. Furthermore, we found that although VflT6SS2 was inactive at a higher temperature (37°C), it became activated at this temperature if higher salinity conditions were present (from 513 to 855 mM of NaCl), indicating that it may be able to function under certain conditions in the infected host. Finally, we showed that the functional expression of VflT6SS2 is associated with anti-bacterial activity. This activity is Hcp-dependent and requires vasH, a transcriptional regulator of T6SS. In sum, our study demonstrates that VflT6SS2 provides V. fluvialis with an enhanced competitive fitness in the marine environment, and its activity is regulated by environmental signals, such as temperature and osmolarity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanming Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijing, China.,Collaborative Innovation Centre for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious DiseasesHangzhou, China
| | - Pengcheng Du
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijing, China
| | - Meng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijing, China
| | - Wei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijing, China
| | - Yu Du
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijing, China
| | - Baowei Diao
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijing, China
| | - Jie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijing, China
| | - Biao Kan
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijing, China.,Collaborative Innovation Centre for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious DiseasesHangzhou, China
| | - Weili Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijing, China.,Collaborative Innovation Centre for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious DiseasesHangzhou, China
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Greaney AJ, Leppla SH, Moayeri M. Bacterial Exotoxins and the Inflammasome. Front Immunol 2015; 6:570. [PMID: 26617605 PMCID: PMC4639612 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The inflammasomes are intracellular protein complexes that play an important role in innate immune sensing. Activation of inflammasomes leads to activation of caspase-1 and maturation and secretion of the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18. In certain myeloid cells, this activation can also lead to an inflammatory cell death (pyroptosis). Inflammasome sensor proteins have evolved to detect a range of microbial ligands and bacterial exotoxins either through direct interaction or by detection of host cell changes elicited by these effectors. Bacterial exotoxins activate the inflammasomes through diverse processes, including direct sensor cleavage, modulation of ion fluxes through plasma membrane pore formation, and perturbation of various host cell functions. In this review, we summarize the findings on some of the bacterial exotoxins that activate the inflammasomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison J Greaney
- Microbial Pathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD , USA
| | - Stephen H Leppla
- Microbial Pathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD , USA
| | - Mahtab Moayeri
- Microbial Pathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD , USA
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