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Yörük E, Danışman Z, Pekmez M, Yli-Mattila T. Cumin Seed Oil Induces Oxidative Stress-Based Antifungal Activities on Fusarium graminearum. Pathogens 2024; 13:395. [PMID: 38787247 PMCID: PMC11123720 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13050395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, the antifungal activity of cumin seed oil (CSO) was tested on Fusarium graminearum. (i) Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and related concentrations (IC75, IC50, and IC25) were detected; (ii) toxicity was evaluated by a water-soluble tetrazolium salt-1 (WST-1) assay; (iii) genomic/epigenomic alterations were evaluated by the coupled restriction enzyme digestion-random amplification (CRED-RA) method; (iv) oxidative stress was investigated by CAT expression, catalase activity, and DCF-DA staining; (v) deoxynivalenol biosynthesis was evaluated by tri6 expression; (vi) and potential effects of CSO on wheat were tested by a water loss rate (WLR) assay. MIC, IC75, IC50 and IC25 values were detected at 0.5, 0.375, 0.25, and 0.125 mg mL-1. In WST-1 assays, significant decreases (p < 0.001) were detected. Genomic template stability (GTS) related to methylation differences ranged from 94.60% to 96.30%. Percentage polymorphism for HapII/MspI values were as 9.1%/15.8%. CAT (oxidative stress-related catalase) and tri6 (zinc finger motif transcription factor) gene expressions were recorded between 5.29 ± 0.74 and 0.46 ± 0.10 (p < 0.05). Increased catalase activity was detected (p < 0.05) by spectrophotometric assays. DCF-DA-stained (oxidative stressed) cells were increased in response to increased concentrations, and there were no significant changes in WLR values. It was concluded that CSO showed strong antifungal activity on F. graminearum via different physiological levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emre Yörük
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Istanbul Yeni Yuzyil University, Cevizlibag, Istanbul 34010, Turkey;
| | - Zeynep Danışman
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Istanbul Yeni Yuzyil University, Cevizlibag, Istanbul 34010, Turkey;
- Programme of Molecular Biotechnology and Genetics, Institute of Graduate Studies in Sciences, Istanbul University, Suleymaniye, Istanbul 34116, Turkey;
| | - Murat Pekmez
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Sciences, Istanbul University, Vezneciler, Istanbul 34134, Turkey;
| | - Tapani Yli-Mattila
- Department of Life Technologies/Molecular Plant Biology, University of Turku, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
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Álvarez M, Agostini I, Sampaio A, Román Á, Delgado J, Rodrigues P. Unravelling the effect of control agents on Gnomoniopsis smithogilvyi on a chestnut-based medium by proteomics. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2024; 80:1895-1903. [PMID: 38053437 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gnomoniopsis smithogilvyi is the major chestnut pathogen, responsible for economic losses and recently described as a 3-nitropropionic acid and diplodiatoxin mycotoxin producer. Bacillus amyloliquefaciens QST 713 (Serenade® ASO), B. amyloliquefaciens CIMO-BCA1, and the fungicide Horizon® (tebuconazole) have been shown to reduce the growth of G. smithogilvyi. However, they enhanced mycotoxin production. Proteomics can clarify the mould's physiology and the impact of antifungal agents on the mould's metabolism. Thus, the aim of this study was to assess the impact of Horizon®, Serenade®, and B. amyloliquefaciens CIMO-BCA1 in the proteome of G. smithogilvyi to unveil their modes of action and decipher why the mould responds by increasing the mycotoxin production. For this, the mycelium close to the inhibition zone provoked by antifungals was macroscopically and microscopically observed. Proteins were extracted and analysed using a Q-Exactive plus Orbitrap. RESULTS The results did not elucidate specific proteins involved in the mycotoxin biosynthesis, but these agents provoked different kinds of stress on the mould, mainly affecting the cell wall structures and antioxidant response, which points to the mycotoxins overproduction as a defence mechanism. The biocontrol agent CIMO-BCA1 acts similar to tebuconazole. The results revealed different responses on the mould's metabolism when co-cultured with the two B. amyloliquefaciens, showing different modes of action of each bacterium, which opens the possibility of combining both biocontrol strategies. CONCLUSION These results unveil different modes of action of the treatments that could help to reduce the use of toxic chemicals to combat plant pathogens worldwide. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micaela Álvarez
- Higiene y Seguridad Alimentaria, Instituto Universitario de Investigación de Carne y Productos Cárnicos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
- Sección Departamental de Nutrición y Ciencia de los Alimentos (Nutrición, Bromatología, Higiene y Seguridad Alimentaria), Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Isadora Agostini
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, Bragança, Portugal
| | - Ana Sampaio
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal
- Laboratório Associado Instituto para a Inovação, Capacitação e Sustentabilidade da Produção Agroalimentar, Universidad de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Ángel Román
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Biología Molecular y Genética, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain
| | - Josué Delgado
- Higiene y Seguridad Alimentaria, Instituto Universitario de Investigación de Carne y Productos Cárnicos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Paula Rodrigues
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, Bragança, Portugal
- Laboratório Associado para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regiões de Montanha, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, Bragança, Portugal
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Cebrián E, Roncero E, Delgado J, Núñez F, Rodríguez M. Deciphering Staphylococcus xylosus and Staphylococcus equorum mode of action against Penicillium nordicum in a dry-cured ham model system. Int J Food Microbiol 2023; 405:110342. [PMID: 37523903 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2023.110342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Penicillium nordicum is one of the major producers of ochratoxin A (OTA) in dry-cured ham. Staphylococcus xylosus Sx8 and Staphylococcus equorum Se31 have been previously proposed as biocontrol agents (BCAs) to prevent the OTA contamination, although their antifungal mode of action has not been established yet. Thus, the aim of this work was to elucidate their mode of action against P. nordicum in a dry-cured ham model system. For this, the effect of live cells, dead cells, and cell-free broth; the nutritional utilisation pattern, niche overlap index (NOI), interactions by dual-culture assays, antifungal effect of volatile compounds, OTA detoxification, and effect on fungal proteome were determined. No fungal growth was observed after 14 days of co-culture with live cells of each staphylococcus at 15 or 20 °C. However, such inhibition was not observed with either dead cells or extracellular extracts. The number of carbon sources utilised by P. nordicum was higher than those used by both cocci at 20 °C, whilst the opposite occurred at 15 °C. According to NOI, nutritional dominance depends on temperature, at 20 °C P. nordicum dominated the niche, but at 15 °C the mould is dominated by the BCAs. The volatile pattern generated by each coccus did not show antifungal effect, and both staphylococci failed to degrade or adsorb OTA. However, in the interaction assay, S. xylosus and S. equorum were able to decrease the fungal growth and its OTA production. In addition, proteomic analyses showed changes in the abundance of proteins related to the cell wall integrity (CWI), carbohydrate metabolism and the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites such as OTA. In conclusion, overall, the antagonistic effects of the two studied cocci against P. nordicum are greater at 15 °C than at 20 °C, being linked to competition for space and nutrients, triggering alterations in CWI pathway, OTA biosynthesis, and carbohydrate metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Cebrián
- Higiene y Seguridad Alimentaria, Instituto de Investigación de Carne y Productos Cárnicos (IProCar), Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Extremadura, Avda. de las Ciencias s/n, 10003 Cáceres, Spain
| | - Elia Roncero
- Higiene y Seguridad Alimentaria, Instituto de Investigación de Carne y Productos Cárnicos (IProCar), Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Extremadura, Avda. de las Ciencias s/n, 10003 Cáceres, Spain
| | - Josué Delgado
- Higiene y Seguridad Alimentaria, Instituto de Investigación de Carne y Productos Cárnicos (IProCar), Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Extremadura, Avda. de las Ciencias s/n, 10003 Cáceres, Spain.
| | - Félix Núñez
- Higiene y Seguridad Alimentaria, Instituto de Investigación de Carne y Productos Cárnicos (IProCar), Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Extremadura, Avda. de las Ciencias s/n, 10003 Cáceres, Spain
| | - Mar Rodríguez
- Higiene y Seguridad Alimentaria, Instituto de Investigación de Carne y Productos Cárnicos (IProCar), Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Extremadura, Avda. de las Ciencias s/n, 10003 Cáceres, Spain
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4
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Chitosan for eco-friendly control of mycotoxinogenic Fusarium graminearum. Food Hydrocoll 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2022.108067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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5
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Falter C, Reumann S. The essential role of fungal peroxisomes in plant infection. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2022; 23:781-794. [PMID: 35001508 PMCID: PMC9104257 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.13180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Several filamentous fungi are ecologically and economically important plant pathogens that infect a broad variety of crops. They cause high annual yield losses and contaminate seeds and fruits with mycotoxins. Not only powerful infection structures and detrimental toxins, but also cell organelles, such as peroxisomes, play important roles in plant infection. In this review, we summarize recent research results that revealed novel peroxisomal functions of filamentous fungi and highlight the importance of peroxisomes for infection of host plants. Central for fungal virulence are two primary metabolic pathways, fatty acid β-oxidation and the glyoxylate cycle, both of which are required to produce energy, acetyl-CoA, and carbohydrates. These are ultimately needed for the synthesis of cell wall polymers and for turgor generation in infection structures. Most novel results stem from different routes of secondary metabolism and demonstrate that peroxisomes produce important precursors and house various enzymes needed for toxin production and melanization of appressoria. All these peroxisomal functions in fungal virulence might represent elegant targets for improved crop protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Falter
- Plant Biochemistry and Infection BiologyInstitute of Plant Science and MicrobiologyUniversität HamburgHamburgGermany
| | - Sigrun Reumann
- Plant Biochemistry and Infection BiologyInstitute of Plant Science and MicrobiologyUniversität HamburgHamburgGermany
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6
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Brito VD, Achimón F, Zunino MP, Zygadlo JA, Pizzolitto RP. Fungal diversity and mycotoxins detected in maize stored in silo-bags: a review. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2022; 102:2640-2650. [PMID: 35076089 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Silo-bags are hermetic storage systems that inhibit fungal growth because of their atmosphere with low humidity, as well as low pH and O2 concentrations, and a high CO2 concentration. If a silo-bag with stored maize loses its hermetic nature, it favors the development of fungi and the production of mycotoxins. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first review on the diversity of fungal species and mycotoxins that were reported in maize stored under the environmental conditions provided by silo-bags. The genera Penicillium, Aspergillus and Fusarium were found more frequently, whereas Acremonium spp., Alternaria sp., Candida sp., Cladosporium sp., Debaryomyces spp., Epiconum sp., Eupenicillium spp., Eurotium sp., Eurotium amstelodami, Hyphopichia spp., Hyphopichia burtonii, Moniliella sp., Wallemia sp. and genera within the orden Mucorales were reported less recurrently. Despite finding a great fungal diversity, all of the studies focused their investigations on a small group of toxins: fumonisins (FBs), aflatoxins (AFs), deoxynivalenol (DON), zearalenone (ZEA), patulin (PAT), toxin T2 (T2) and ochratoxin (OT). Of the FBs, fumonisin B1 and fumonisin B2 presented higher incidence percentages, followed by fumonisin B3 . Of the AFs, the only one reported was aflatoxin B1. The mycotoxins DON, ZEA and OT were found with lower incidences, whereas PAT and T2 were not detected. Good management practices of the silo-bags are necessary to achieve a hermetically sealed environment, without exchange of gases and water with the external environment during the storage period. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa D Brito
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBIV-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos (ICTA), FCEFyN, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Fernanda Achimón
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBIV-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos (ICTA), FCEFyN, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - María P Zunino
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBIV-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos (ICTA), FCEFyN, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Julio A Zygadlo
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBIV-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos (ICTA), FCEFyN, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Romina P Pizzolitto
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBIV-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos (ICTA), FCEFyN, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
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Computational Strategy for Minimizing Mycotoxins in Cereal Crops: Assessment of the Biological Activity of Compounds Resulting from Virtual Screening. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27082582. [PMID: 35458779 PMCID: PMC9025057 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27082582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Cereal crops are frequently affected by toxigenic Fusarium species, among which the most common and worrying in Europe are Fusarium graminearum and Fusarium culmorum. These species are the causal agents of grain contamination with type B trichothecene (TCTB) mycotoxins. To help reduce the use of synthetic fungicides while guaranteeing low mycotoxin levels, there is an urgent need to develop new, efficient and environmentally-friendly plant protection solutions. Previously, F. graminearum proteins that could serve as putative targets to block the fungal spread and toxin production were identified and a virtual screening undertaken. Here, two selected compounds, M1 and M2, predicted, respectively, as the top compounds acting on the trichodiene synthase, a key enzyme of TCTB biosynthesis, and the 24-sterol-C-methyltransferase, a protein involved in ergosterol biosynthesis, were submitted for biological tests. Corroborating in silico predictions, M1 was shown to significantly inhibit TCTB yield by a panel of strains. Results were less obvious with M2 that induced only a slight reduction in fungal biomass. To go further, seven M1 analogs were assessed, which allowed evidencing of the physicochemical properties crucial for the anti-mycotoxin activity. Altogether, our results provide the first evidence of the promising potential of computational approaches to discover new anti-mycotoxin solutions
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Pérez-Pérez WD, Carrasco-Navarro U, García‑Estrada C, Kosalková K, Gutiérrez-Ruíz MC, Barrios-González J, Fierro F. bZIP transcription factors PcYap1 and PcRsmA link oxidative stress response to secondary metabolism and development in Penicillium chrysogenum. Microb Cell Fact 2022; 21:50. [PMID: 35366869 PMCID: PMC8977021 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-022-01765-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) trigger different morphogenic processes in filamentous fungi and have been shown to play a role in the regulation of the biosynthesis of some secondary metabolites. Some bZIP transcription factors, such as Yap1, AtfA and AtfB, mediate resistance to oxidative stress and have a role in secondary metabolism regulation. In this work we aimed to get insight into the molecular basis of this regulation in the industrially important fungus Penicillium chrysogenum through the characterization of the role played by two effectors that mediate the oxidative stress response in development and secondary metabolism.
Results
In P. chrysogenum, penicillin biosynthesis and conidiation are stimulated by the addition of H2O2 to the culture medium, and this effect is mediated by the bZIP transcription factors PcYap1 and PcRsmA. Silencing of expression of both proteins by RNAi resulted in similar phenotypes, characterized by increased levels of ROS in the cell, reduced conidiation, higher sensitivity of conidia to H2O2 and a decrease in penicillin production. Both PcYap1 and PcRsmA are able to sense H2O2-generated ROS in vitro and change its conformation in response to this stimulus. PcYap1 and PcRsmA positively regulate the expression of brlA, the first gene of the conidiation central regulatory pathway. PcYap1 binds in vitro to a previously identified regulatory sequence in the promoter of the penicillin gene pcbAB: TTAGTAA, and to a TTACTAA sequence in the promoter of the brlA gene, whereas PcRsmA binds to the sequences TGAGACA and TTACGTAA (CRE motif) in the promoters of the pcbAB and penDE genes, respectively.
Conclusions
bZIP transcription factors PcYap1 and PcRsmA respond to the presence of H2O2-generated ROS and regulate oxidative stress response in the cell. Both proteins mediate ROS regulation of penicillin biosynthesis and conidiation by binding to specific regulatory elements in the promoters of key genes. PcYap1 is identified as the previously proposed transcription factor PTA1 (Penicillin Transcriptional Activator 1), which binds to the regulatory sequence TTAGTAA in the pcbAB gene promoter. This is the first report of a Yap1 protein directly regulating transcription of a secondary metabolism gene. A model describing the regulatory network mediated by PcYap1 and PcRsmA is proposed.
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Lemke P, Jünemann L, Moerschbacher BM. Synergistic Antimicrobial Activities of Chitosan Mixtures and Chitosan–Copper Combinations. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23063345. [PMID: 35328766 PMCID: PMC8951000 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Several recent studies revealed the significant contribution of intensive agriculture to global climate change and biodiversity decline. However, synthetic pesticides and fertilizers, which are among the main reasons for these negative effects, are required to achieve the high performance of elite crops needed to feed the growing world population. Modern agro-biologics, such as biopesticides, biostimulants, and biofertilizers are intended to replace or reduce the current agro-chemicals, but the former are often difficult to combine with the latter. Chitosans, produced from the fisheries’ byproduct chitin, are among the most promising agro-biologics, and copper fungicides are among the most widely used plant protectants in organic farming. However, the two active ingredients tend to form precipitates, hindering product development. Here, we show that partial hydrolysis of a chitosan polymer can yield a mixture of smaller polymers and oligomers that act synergistically in their antifungal activity. The low molecular weight (Mw) of this hydrolysate allows its combination with copper acetate, again leading to a synergistic effect. Combined, these synergies allow a 50% reduction in copper concentration, while maintaining the antifungal activity. This is potentially a significant step towards a more sustainable agriculture.
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Gao T, Zhang Y, Shi J, Mohamed SR, Xu J, Liu X. The Antioxidant Guaiacol Exerts Fungicidal Activity Against Fungal Growth and Deoxynivalenol Production in Fusarium graminearum. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:762844. [PMID: 34867894 PMCID: PMC8634675 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.762844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The main component of creosote obtained from dry wood distillation—guaiacol—is a natural antioxidant that has been widely used in pharmaceutical and food preservation applications. However, the antifungal mechanism of guaiacol against phytopathogens remains unclear. In this study, we found that guaiacol exerts inhibitory effects against mycelial growth, conidial formation and germination, and deoxynivalenol (DON) biosynthesis in Fusarium graminearum in a dose-dependent manner. The median effective concentration (EC50) value of guaiacol for the standard F. graminearum strain PH-1 was 1.838 mM. Guaiacol strongly inhibited conidial production and germination. The antifungal effects of guaiacol may be attributed to its capability to cause damage to the cell membrane by disrupting Ca2+ transport channels. In addition, the decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity by guaiacol treatment indicate that guaiacol displays activity against DON production by modulating the oxidative response in F. graminearum. Taken together, this study revealed the potentials of antioxidant in inhibiting mycotoxins in F. graminearum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Gao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Ministry of Science and Technology, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory for Control Technology and Standard for Agro-Product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory for Agro-Product Safety Risk Evaluation (Nanjing), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Yao Zhang
- School of Food Science And Engineering, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
| | - Jianrong Shi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Ministry of Science and Technology, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory for Control Technology and Standard for Agro-Product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory for Agro-Product Safety Risk Evaluation (Nanjing), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China.,School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Sherif Ramzy Mohamed
- Department of Food Toxicology and Contaminant, National Research Centre of Egypt, Giza, Egypt
| | - Jianhong Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Ministry of Science and Technology, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory for Control Technology and Standard for Agro-Product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory for Agro-Product Safety Risk Evaluation (Nanjing), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China.,School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Ministry of Science and Technology, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory for Control Technology and Standard for Agro-Product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory for Agro-Product Safety Risk Evaluation (Nanjing), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China.,School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
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11
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Ammoides pusilla Essential Oil: A Potent Inhibitor of the Growth of Fusarium avenaceum and Its Enniatin Production. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26226906. [PMID: 34834000 PMCID: PMC8618688 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26226906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Enniatins are mycotoxins produced by Fusarium species contaminating cereals and various agricultural commodities. The co-occurrence of these mycotoxins in large quantities with other mycotoxins such as trichothecenes and the possible synergies in toxicity could lead to serious food safety problems. Using the agar dilution method, Ammoides pusilla was selected among eight Tunisian plants for the antifungal potential of its essential oil (EO) on Fusarium avenaceum mycelial growth and its production of enniatins. Two EO batches were produced and analyzed by GC/MS-MS. Their activities were measured using both contact assays and fumigant tests (estimated IC50 were 0.1 µL·mL−1 and 7.6 µL·L−1, respectively). The A. pusilla EOs and their volatiles inhibited the germination of spores and the mycelial growth, showing a fungistatic but not fungicidal activity. The accumulation of enniatins was also significantly reduced (estimated IC50 were 0.05 µL·mL−1 for the contact assays and 4.2 µL·L−1 for the fumigation assays). The most active batch of EO was richer in thymol, the main volatile compound found. Thymol used as fumigant showed a potent fungistatic activity but not a significant antimycotoxigenic activity. Overall, our data demonstrated the bioactivity of A. pusilla EO and its high potential to control F. avenaceum and its enniatins production in agricultural commodities.
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In Vitro Inhibitory Activity of Cell-Free Supernatants of Lactobacillus Spp. and Bacillus Spp. Against Fusarium graminearum. FOLIA VETERINARIA 2021. [DOI: 10.2478/fv-2021-0022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
In this study, the antifungal activity of cell-free supernatant (CFS) of Lactobacillus spp. (Lactobacillus plantarum CCM 1904; L81, Lactobacillus fermentum; 2I3, Lactobacilus reuteri; 2/6, L26;) and Bacillus spp. (Bacillus subtilis CCM 2794, Bacillus licheniformis CCM 2206) against two strains of Fusarium graminearum CCM F-683 and Fusarium graminearum CCM 8244 were investigated in vitro. All tested CFS of Lactobacillus spp. were able to inhibit the growth of both strains of Fusarium graminearum. The highest inhibitory effect (IE) (56.5 %) against F. graminearum CCM F-683 was observed for CFS Lactobacillus fermentum (2I3) at the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) (2.25 ± 0.56 mg.ml–1). CFS of Lactobacillus reuteri (2/6) showed the best IE (40.0 %) against F. graminearum CCM 8244 (2/6) at the MIC 1.25 mg.ml–1. However, no inhibitory effect of Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus licheniformis CFS against both strains of F. graminearum were observed, even at the highest tested concentration of 5.0 mg.ml–1.
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Influence of H 2O 2-Induced Oxidative Stress on In Vitro Growth and Moniliformin and Fumonisins Accumulation by Fusarium proliferatum and Fusarium subglutinans. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:toxins13090653. [PMID: 34564657 PMCID: PMC8473447 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13090653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Fusarium proliferatum and Fusarium subglutinans are common pathogens of maize which are known to produce mycotoxins, including moniliformin (MON) and fumonisins (FBs). Fungal secondary metabolism and response to oxidative stress are interlaced, where hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) plays a pivotal role in the modulation of mycotoxin production. The objective of this study is to examine the effect of H2O2-induced oxidative stress on fungal growth, as well as MON and FBs production, in different isolates of these fungi. When these isolates were cultured in the presence of 1, 2, 5, and 10 mM H2O2, the fungal biomass of F. subglutinans isolates showed a strong sensitivity to increasing oxidative conditions (27–58% reduction), whereas F. proliferatum isolates were not affected or even slightly improved (45% increase). H2O2 treatment at the lower concentration of 1 mM caused an almost total disappearance of MON and a strong reduction of FBs content in the two fungal species and isolates tested. The catalase activity, surveyed due to its crucial role as an H2O2 scavenger, showed no significant changes at 1 mM H2O2 treatment, thus indicating a lack of correlation with MON and FB changes. H2O2 treatment was also able to reduce MON and FB content in certified maize material, and the same behavior was observed in the presence and absence of these fungi, highlighting a direct effect of H2O2 on the stability of these mycotoxins. Taken together, these data provide insights into the role of H2O2 which, when increased under stress conditions, could affect the vegetative response and mycotoxin production (and degradation) of these fungi.
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Barro JP, Santana FM, Duffeck MR, Machado FJ, Lau D, Sbalcheiro CC, Schipanski CA, Chagas DF, Venancio WS, Dallagnol LJ, Guterres CW, Kuhnem P, Feksa HR, Del Ponte EM. Are Demethylation Inhibitor Plus Quinone Outside Inhibitor Fungicide Premixes During Flowering Worthwhile for Fusarium Head Blight Control in Wheat? A Meta-Analysis. PLANT DISEASE 2021; 105:2680-2687. [PMID: 33306428 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-09-20-2096-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Fusarium head blight (FHB), caused mainly by Fusarium graminearum, is best controlled with demethylation inhibitor (DMI) fungicides during flowering. However, the use of premixes of DMI and quinone outside inhibitor (QoI) fungicides to control FHB has increased in Brazil. Data on FHB severity and wheat yields measured in field experiments conducted in Brazil were gathered from both peer- and nonpeer-reviewed sources published from 2000 to 2018. After selection criteria were applied, 73 field trials from 35 bibliographic sources were identified, among which 50% of the data were obtained from cooperative network trials conducted after 2011. To be included in the analysis, DMI plus QoI premixes or tebuconazole were tested in at least 14 trials and 3 years. Four premixes met the criteria. Estimates of percent control (and respective 95% confidence intervals) by a network model fitted to the log of the treatment means ranged from 44.1% (pyraclostrobin plus metconazole applied once; 32.4 to 53.7) to 64.3% (pyraclostrobin plus metconazole; 58.4 to 69.3); the latter did not differ from tebuconazole (59.9%; 53.6 to 65.3). Yield response was statistically similar for pyraclostrobin plus metconazole (532.1 kg/ha; 441 to 623) and trifloxystrobin plus prothioconazole (494.9 kg/ha; 385 to 551), and both differed statistically from a group composed of tebuconazole (448.2 kg/ha; 342 to 554), trifloxystrobin plus tebuconazole (468.2 kg/ha; 385 to 551), azoxystrobin plus tebuconazole (462.4 kg/ha; 366 to 558), and pyraclostrobin plus metconazole applied once (413.7 kg/ha; 308 to 518). The two categories of FHB index (7% cutoff) and yield (3,000 kg/ha cutoff), both in the nontreated check, did not explain the heterogeneity in the estimates. Considering only the fungicide effects on yield, two sequential sprays of tebuconazole or one spray of pyraclostrobin plus metconazole as management choices are likely more profitable than DMI plus QoI premixes sprayed twice during flowering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jhonatan Paulo Barro
- Departamento de Fitopatologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-000 Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Flávio Martins Santana
- Laboratório de Fitopatologia, Embrapa Trigo, 99050-970 Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Maíra Rodrigues Duffeck
- Departamento de Fitopatologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-000 Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Franklin Jackson Machado
- Departamento de Fitopatologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-000 Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Douglas Lau
- Laboratório de Fitopatologia, Embrapa Trigo, 99050-970 Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Leandro Jose Dallagnol
- Departamento de Fitossanidade, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, 96010-970 Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | | | - Paulo Kuhnem
- Biotrigo Genética Ltda., 99052-160 Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Heraldo Rosa Feksa
- Fundação Agrária de Pesquisa Agropecuária, 85139-400 Guarapuava, Paraná, Brazil
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Meyer M, Diehl D, Schaumann GE, Muñoz K. Agricultural mulching and fungicides-impacts on fungal biomass, mycotoxin occurrence, and soil organic matter decomposition. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:36535-36550. [PMID: 33704638 PMCID: PMC8277611 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-13280-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Plastic and straw coverage (PC and SC) are often combined with fungicide application but their influence on fungicide entry into soil and the resulting consequences for soil quality are still unknown. The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of PC and SC, combined with fungicide application, on soil residual concentrations of fungicides (fenhexamid, cyprodinil, and fludioxonil), soil fungal biomass, mycotoxin occurrence, and soil organic matter (SOM) decomposition, depending on soil depth (0-10, 10-30, 30-60 cm) and time (1 month prior to fungicide application and respectively 1 week, 5 weeks, and 4 months afterwards). Soil analyses comprised fungicides, fusarium mycotoxins (deoxynivalenol, 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol, nivalenol, and zearalenone), ergosterol, soil microbial carbon and nitrogen, soil organic carbon, dissolved organic carbon, and pH. Fludioxonil and cyprodinil concentrations were higher under SC than under PC 1 week and 5 weeks after fungicide application (up to three times in the topsoil) but no differences were observed anymore after 4 months. Fenhexamid was not detected, presumably because of its fast dissipation in soil. The higher fludioxonil and cyprodinil concentrations under SC strongly reduced the fungal biomass and shifted microbial community towards larger bacterial fraction in the topsoil and enhanced the abundance and concentration of deoxynivalenol and 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol 5 weeks after fungicide application. Independent from the different fungicide concentrations, the decomposition of SOM was temporarily reduced after fungicide application under both coverage types. However, although PC and SC caused different concentrations of fungicide residues in soil, their impact on the investigated soil parameters was minor and transient (< 4 months) and hence not critical for soil quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Meyer
- iES Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences Landau, Group of Environmental and Soil Chemistry, University Koblenz-Landau, Landau, Germany
| | - Dörte Diehl
- iES Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences Landau, Group of Environmental and Soil Chemistry, University Koblenz-Landau, Landau, Germany
| | - Gabriele Ellen Schaumann
- iES Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences Landau, Group of Environmental and Soil Chemistry, University Koblenz-Landau, Landau, Germany.
| | - Katherine Muñoz
- iES Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences Landau, Group of Environmental and Soil Chemistry, University Koblenz-Landau, Landau, Germany
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Polysaccharide Matrices for the Encapsulation of Tetrahydrocurcumin-Potential Application as Biopesticide against Fusarium graminearum. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26133873. [PMID: 34202905 PMCID: PMC8270288 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26133873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cereals are subject to contamination by pathogenic fungi, which damage grains and threaten public health with their mycotoxins. Fusarium graminearum and its mycotoxins, trichothecenes B (TCTBs), are especially targeted in this study. Recently, the increased public and political awareness concerning environmental issues tends to limit the use of traditional fungicides against these pathogens in favor of eco-friendlier alternatives. This study focuses on the development of biofungicides based on the encapsulation of a curcumin derivative, tetrahydrocurcumin (THC), in polysaccharide matrices. Starch octenylsuccinate (OSA-starch) and chitosan have been chosen since they are generally recognized as safe. THC has been successfully trapped into particles obtained through a spray-drying or freeze-drying processes. The particles present different properties, as revealed by visual observations and scanning electron microscopy. They are also different in terms of the amount and the release of encapsulated THC. Although freeze-dried OSA-starch has better trapped THC, it seems less able to protect the phenolic compound than spray-dried particles. Chitosan particles, both spray-dried and lyophilized, have shown promising antifungal properties. The IC50 of THC-loaded spray-dried chitosan particles is as low as 0.6 ± 0.3 g/L. These particles have also significantly decreased the accumulation of TCTBs by 39%.
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Richard-Forget F, Atanasova V, Chéreau S. Using metabolomics to guide strategies to tackle the issue of the contamination of food and feed with mycotoxins: A review of the literature with specific focus on Fusarium mycotoxins. Food Control 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2020.107610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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18
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Gao J, Xu X, Huang K, Liang Z. Fungal G-Protein-Coupled Receptors: A Promising Mediator of the Impact of Extracellular Signals on Biosynthesis of Ochratoxin A. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:631392. [PMID: 33643259 PMCID: PMC7907439 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.631392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are transmembrane receptors involved in transducing signals from the external environment inside the cell, which enables fungi to coordinate cell transport, metabolism, and growth to promote their survival, reproduction, and virulence. There are 14 classes of GPCRs in fungi involved in sensing various ligands. In this paper, the synthesis of mycotoxins that are GPCR-mediated is discussed with respect to ligands, environmental stimuli, and intra-/interspecific communication. Despite their apparent importance in fungal biology, very little is known about the role of ochratoxin A (OTA) biosynthesis by Aspergillus ochraceus and the ligands that are involved. Fortunately, increasing evidence shows that the GPCR that involves the AF/ST (sterigmatocystin) pathway in fungi belongs to the same genus. Therefore, we speculate that GPCRs play an important role in a variety of environmental signals and downstream pathways in OTA biosynthesis. The verification of this inference will result in a more controllable GPCR target for control of fungal contamination in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Gao
- Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, Beijing, China
| | - Xinge Xu
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Kunlun Huang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhihong Liang
- Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, Beijing, China.,College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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Antioxidative Effects of Curcumin on the Hepatotoxicity Induced by Ochratoxin A in Rats. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10010125. [PMID: 33477286 PMCID: PMC7830919 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10010125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a powerful mycotoxin found in various foods and feedstuff, responsible for subchronic and chronic toxicity, such as nephrotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, teratogenicity, and immunotoxicity to both humans and several animal species. The severity of the liver damage caused depends on both dose and duration of exposure. Several studies have suggested that oxidative stress might contribute to increasing the hepatotoxicity of OTA, and several antioxidants, including curcumin (CURC), have been tested to counteract the toxic hepatic action of OTA in various classes of animals. Therefore, the present study was designed to evaluate the protective effect of CURC, a bioactive compound with different therapeutic properties on hepatic injuries caused by OTA in rat animal models. CURC effects were examined in Sprague Dawley rats treated with CURC (100 mg/kg), alone or in combination with OTA (0.5 mg/kg), by gavage daily for 14 days. At the end of the experiment, rats treated with OTA showed alterations in biochemical parameters and oxidative stress in the liver. CURC dosing significantly attenuated oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation versus the OTA group. Furthermore, liver histological tests showed that CURC reduced the multifocal lymphoplasmacellular hepatitis, the periportal fibrosis, and the necrosis observed in the OTA group. This study provides evidence that CURC can preserve OTA-induced oxidative damage in the liver of rats.
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20
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Chen Z, Zehraoui E, Atanasoff-Kardjalieff AK, Strauss J, Studt L, Ponts N. Effect of H2A.Z deletion is rescued by compensatory mutations in Fusarium graminearum. PLoS Genet 2020; 16:e1009125. [PMID: 33091009 PMCID: PMC7608984 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Fusarium head blight is a destructive disease of grains resulting in reduced yields and contamination of grains with mycotoxins worldwide; Fusarium graminearum is its major causal agent. Chromatin structure changes play key roles in regulating mycotoxin biosynthesis in filamentous fungi. Using a split-marker approach in three F. graminearum strains INRA156, INRA349 and INRA812 (PH-1), we knocked out the gene encoding H2A.Z, a ubiquitous histone variant reported to be involved in a diverse range of biological processes in yeast, plants and animals, but rarely studied in filamentous fungi. All ΔH2A.Z mutants exhibit defects in development including radial growth, sporulation, germination and sexual reproduction, but with varying degrees of severity between them. Heterogeneity of osmotic and oxidative stress response as well as mycotoxin production was observed in ΔH2A.Z strains. Adding-back wild-type H2A.Z in INRA349ΔH2A.Z could not rescue the phenotypes. Whole genome sequencing revealed that, although H2A.Z has been removed from the genome and the deletion cassette is inserted at H2A.Z locus only, mutations occur at other loci in each mutant regardless of the genetic background. Genes affected by these mutations encode proteins involved in chromatin remodeling, such as the helicase Swr1p or an essential subunit of the histone deacetylase Rpd3S, and one protein of unknown function. These observations suggest that H2A.Z and the genes affected by such mutations are part or the same genetic interaction network. Our results underline the genetic plasticity of F. graminearum facing detrimental gene perturbation. These findings suggest that intergenic suppressions rescue deleterious phenotypes in ΔH2A.Z strains, and that H2A.Z may be essential in F. graminearum. This assumption is further supported by the fact that H2A.Z deletion failed in another Fusarium spp., i.e., the rice pathogen Fusarium fujikuroi.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Anna K. Atanasoff-Kardjalieff
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Vienna, Austria
| | - Joseph Strauss
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Vienna, Austria
| | - Lena Studt
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Vienna, Austria
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Frawley D, Bayram Ö. The pheromone response module, a mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway implicated in the regulation of fungal development, secondary metabolism and pathogenicity. Fungal Genet Biol 2020; 144:103469. [PMID: 32950720 DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2020.103469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways are highly conserved from yeast to human and are required for the regulation of a multitude of biological processes in eukaryotes. A pentameric MAPK pathway known as the Fus3 pheromone module was initially characterised in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and was shown to regulate cell fusion and sexual development. Individual orthologous pheromone module genes have since been found to be highly conserved in fungal genomes and have been shown to regulate a diverse array of cellular responses, such as cell growth, asexual and sexual development, secondary metabolite production and pathogenicity. However, information regarding the assembly and structure of orthologous pheromone modules, as well as the mechanisms of signalling and their biological significance is limited, specifically in filamentous fungal species. Recent studies have provided insight on the utilization of the pheromone module as a central signalling hub for the co-ordinated regulation of fungal development and secondary metabolite production. Various proteins of this pathway are also known to regulate reproduction and virulence in a range of plant pathogenic fungi. In this review, we discuss recent findings that help elucidate the structure of the pheromone module pathway in a myriad of fungal species and its implications in the control of fungal growth, development, secondary metabolism and pathogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dean Frawley
- Biology Department, Callan Building, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland.
| | - Özgür Bayram
- Biology Department, Callan Building, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland.
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22
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Álvarez M, Rodríguez A, Núñez F, Silva A, Andrade MJ. In vitro antifungal effects of spices on ochratoxin A production and related gene expression in Penicillium nordicum on a dry-cured fermented sausage medium. Food Control 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2020.107222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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23
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Kalagatur NK, Gurunathan S, Kamasani JR, Gunti L, Kadirvelu K, Mohan CD, Rangappa S, Prasad R, Almeida F, Mudili V, Siddaiah C. Inhibitory effect of C. zeylanicum, C. longa, O. basilicum, Z. officinale, and C. martini essential oils on growth and ochratoxin A content of A. ochraceous and P. verrucosum in maize grains. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 27:e00490. [PMID: 32637345 PMCID: PMC7327888 DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2020.e00490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Essenetial oils (EOs) extrcated by hydrodistillation and chemical profile deduced by GC–MS. EOs shown potential antioxidant activity by DPPH and ABTS assay. EOs presented superlative antifungal activity against P. verrucosum related to A. ochraceus. C. zeylanicum and C. martini EOs presented superlative antifungal activity related to other EOs. C. zeylanicum EO inhibited the growth and OTA of fungi at 1500 μg/g in maize grains.
In the study, antifungal and ochratoxin A (OTA) production inhibitory activities of essential oils (EOs) of Cinnamomum zeylanicum, Curcuma longa, Ocimum basilicum, Zingiber officinale, and Cymbopogon martini were reported on Aspergillus ochraceus and Penicillium verrucosum. EOs were obtained by hydrodistillation and GC–MS technique was chosen to deduce their chemical profile. Major chemical compounds in EOs of C. zeylanicum, C. longa, O. basilicum, Z. officinale, and C. martini were (E)-cinnamaldehyde (35.81 %), ar-turmerone (46.13 %), eugenol (36.58 %), geranyl proprionate (18.93 %), and geranyl acetate (14.88 %), respectively. The EOs shown potent antioxidant activity by DPPH and ABTS assays. The EOs presented superlative antifungal activity against P. verrucosum related to A. ochraceus. The C. zeylanicum and C. martini EOs shown superlative antifungal activity related to other EOs. The C. zeylanicum and C. martini EOs completely inhibited the growth and OTA production of P. verrucosum and A. ochraceous at 1500 and 2500 μg/g in maize grains, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naveen Kumar Kalagatur
- DRDO-BU-Centre for Life Sciences, Bharathiar University Campus, Coimbatore, 641046, India
| | - Selvakumar Gurunathan
- Center for Plant Breeding and Genetics, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, 641003, India
| | - Jalarama Reddy Kamasani
- Freeze Drying and Animal Products Technology, Defence Food Research Laboratory, Mysuru, 570011, India
| | - Lokanadhan Gunti
- Department of Microbiology, Pondicherry University, Pondicherry, 605014, India
| | - Krishna Kadirvelu
- DRDO-BU-Centre for Life Sciences, Bharathiar University Campus, Coimbatore, 641046, India
| | | | - Shobith Rangappa
- Adichunchanagiri Institute for Molecular Medicine, Mandya, 571448, India
| | - Ram Prasad
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.,Department of Botany, School of Life Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi Central University, Motihari, 845401, India
| | - Fausto Almeida
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, 14049-900, Brazil
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Merel D, Savoie JM, Mata G, Salmones D, Ortega C, Atanasova V, Chéreau S, Monribot-Villanueva JL, Guerrero-Analco JA. Methanolic Extracts from Cultivated Mushrooms Affect the Production of Fumonisins B and Fusaric Acid by Fusarium verticillioides. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:E366. [PMID: 32498307 PMCID: PMC7354567 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12060366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The maize pathogen Fusarium verticillioides and their mycotoxins cause damage to plants, animals, and human health. This work aimed to evaluate the effect of crude extracts (CEs) from Agaricus subrufescens, Lentinula edodes, and Pleurotus ostreatus fruiting bodies on in vitro production of biomass and mycotoxins by two strains of F. verticillioides. Stipes and pilei were separated before extraction for A. subrufescens and L. edodes. Comparative metabolomics and dereplication of phenolic compounds were used to analyze all CEs. Mushroom CEs did not significantly inhibit the production of mycelial biomass at concentrations of 2 mg mL⁻1. CEs from A. subrufescens (stipes and pilei) and L. edodes pilei inhibited the production of fumonisins B1 + B2 + B3 by 54% to 80%, whereas CE from P. ostreatus had no effect. In contrast, CE from L. edodes stipes dramatically increased the concentration of fumonisins in culture media. Fusaric acid concentration was decreased in cultures by all CEs except L. edodes stipes. Differences in phenolic composition of the extracts may explain the different effects of the CE treatments on the production of mycotoxins. The opposing activities of stipes and pilei from L. edodes offer an opportunity to search for active compounds to control the mycotoxin production by F. verticillioides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Merel
- Red Manejo Biotecnológico de Recursos (RMBR), Instituto de Ecología (A.C), Xalapa 91073, Mexico; (D.M.); (D.S.); (C.O.)
- Red Estudios Moleculares Avanzados (REMAV), Instituto de Ecología (A.C), Xalapa 91073, Mexico;
| | - Jean-Michel Savoie
- INRAE, Mycology and Food Safety (MycSA), F-22882 Villenave d’Ornon, France; (V.A.); (S.C.)
| | - Gerardo Mata
- Red Manejo Biotecnológico de Recursos (RMBR), Instituto de Ecología (A.C), Xalapa 91073, Mexico; (D.M.); (D.S.); (C.O.)
| | - Dulce Salmones
- Red Manejo Biotecnológico de Recursos (RMBR), Instituto de Ecología (A.C), Xalapa 91073, Mexico; (D.M.); (D.S.); (C.O.)
| | - Carlos Ortega
- Red Manejo Biotecnológico de Recursos (RMBR), Instituto de Ecología (A.C), Xalapa 91073, Mexico; (D.M.); (D.S.); (C.O.)
| | - Vessela Atanasova
- INRAE, Mycology and Food Safety (MycSA), F-22882 Villenave d’Ornon, France; (V.A.); (S.C.)
| | - Sylvain Chéreau
- INRAE, Mycology and Food Safety (MycSA), F-22882 Villenave d’Ornon, France; (V.A.); (S.C.)
| | | | - José A. Guerrero-Analco
- Red Estudios Moleculares Avanzados (REMAV), Instituto de Ecología (A.C), Xalapa 91073, Mexico;
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Karamanou DA, Aliferis KA. The yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) YCF1 vacuole transporter: Evidence on its implication into the yeast resistance to flusilazole as revealed by GC/EI/MS metabolomics. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 165:104475. [PMID: 32359550 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2019.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The development of plant protection product (PPPs)-resistant populations of plant pathogens, pests, and weeds, represents a major challenge that the crop protection sector is facing. Focusing on plant pathogenic fungi, the increased efflux of the active ingredients (a.i.) from the cytoplasm is highly correlated to elevated resistance levels to the applied fungicides. Such mechanism is regulated by ATP-binding cassette transporters (ABC transporters), and although it has been investigated for the past two decades, the latest developments in "omics" technologies could provide new insights with potential applications in crop protection. Within this context, and based on results from preliminary experiments, we have undertaken the task of mining the involvement of the ABC transporter YCF1, which is located in the vacuole membrane, in the fungicide resistance development, applying a functional genomics approach and using yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) as the model organism. Among the fungicides being assessed, flusilazole, which belongs to the azole group of dimethylation inhibitors (DMIs), was discovered as a possible substrate of the YCF1. GC/EI/MS metabolomics analysis revealed the effect of the fungicide's toxicity and that of genotype on yeast's metabolism, confirming the role of this transporter. Fluctuations in the activity of various yeast biosynthetic pathways associated with stress responses were recorded, and corresponding metabolites-biomarkers of flusilazole toxicity were discovered. The metabolites α,α-trehalose, glycerol, myo-inositol-1-phosphate, GABA, l-glutamine, l-tryptophan, l-phenylalanine, l-tyrosine, and phosphate, were the major identified biomarkers of toxicity. Among these, are metabolites that play important roles in fungal metabolism (e.g., cell responses to osmotic stress) or serve as signaling molecules. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the implication of YCF1 in fungal resistance to PPPs. Additionally, the results of GC/EI/MS yeast metabolomics confirmed the robustness of the method and its applicability in the high-throughput study of fungal resistance to fungicides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitra A Karamanou
- Laboratory of Pesticide Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 118 55 Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos A Aliferis
- Laboratory of Pesticide Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 118 55 Athens, Greece; Department of Plant Science, McGill University, 21111 Lakeshore Road, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec H9X 3V9, Canada.
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Gautier C, Pinson-Gadais L, Richard-Forget F. Fusarium Mycotoxins Enniatins: An Updated Review of Their Occurrence, the Producing Fusarium Species, and the Abiotic Determinants of Their Accumulation in Crop Harvests. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:4788-4798. [PMID: 32243758 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c00411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Cereal grains and their processed food products are frequently contaminated with mycotoxins produced by the Fusarium genus. Enniatins (ENNs), which belong to the so-called "emerging mycotoxins" family, are among the most frequently found in small grain cereals. Health hazards induced by a chronic exposure to ENNs or an association of ENNs with other major mycotoxins is a risk that cannot be excluded given the current toxicological data. Thus, efforts must be pursued to define efficient control strategies to mitigate their presence in cereal grains. A key condition for achieving this aim is to gain deep and comprehensive knowledge of the factors promoting the appearance of ENNs in crop harvests. After an update of ENN occurrence data, this review surveys the scientific literature on the Fusarium species responsible for ENN contamination and covers the recent advances concerning the abiotic determinants and the genetic regulation of ENN biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Gautier
- INRAE, UR 1264, Unité MycSA, 71 Avenue Edouard Bourlaux, 33883 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Laetitia Pinson-Gadais
- INRAE, UR 1264, Unité MycSA, 71 Avenue Edouard Bourlaux, 33883 Villenave d'Ornon, France
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Khan MK, Pandey A, Athar T, Choudhary S, Deval R, Gezgin S, Hamurcu M, Topal A, Atmaca E, Santos PA, Omay MR, Suslu H, Gulcan K, Inanc M, Akkaya MS, Kahraman A, Thomas G. Fusarium head blight in wheat: contemporary status and molecular approaches. 3 Biotech 2020; 10:172. [PMID: 32206506 PMCID: PMC7080935 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-020-2158-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Fusarium head blight (FHB) disease that occurs in wheat is caused by Fusarium graminearum and is a major risk to wheat yield. Although several research efforts focusing on FHB have been conducted in the past several decades, conditions have become more critical due to the increase in its virulent forms. In such a scenario, conferring complete resistance in plants seems to be difficult for handling this issue. The phenotyping for FHB and finding a solution for it at the genetic level comprises a long-term process as FHB infection is largely affected by environmental conditions. Modern molecular strategies have played a crucial role in revealing the host-pathogen interaction in FHB. The integration of molecular biology-based methods such as genome-wide association studies and marker-based genomic selection has provided potential cultivars for breeding programs. In this review, we aim at outlining the contemporary status of the studies conducted on FHB in wheat. The influence of FHB in wheat on animals and human health is also discussed. In addition, a summary of the advancement in the molecular technologies for identifying and developing the FHB-resistant wheat genetic resources is provided. It also suggests the future measures that are required to reduce the world's vulnerability to FHB which was one of the main goals of the US Wheat and Barley Scab Initiative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd. Kamran Khan
- Department of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture, Selcuk University, Konya, 42079 Turkey
| | - Anamika Pandey
- Department of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture, Selcuk University, Konya, 42079 Turkey
| | - Tabinda Athar
- Faculty of Agriculture, Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38040 Pakistan
| | - Saumya Choudhary
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Engineering, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Allahabad, 211007 India
- Biomedical Informatics Centre, National Institute of Pathology–Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, 110029 India
| | - Ravi Deval
- Department of Biotechnology, Invertis University, Bareilly, India
| | - Sait Gezgin
- Department of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture, Selcuk University, Konya, 42079 Turkey
| | - Mehmet Hamurcu
- Department of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture, Selcuk University, Konya, 42079 Turkey
| | - Ali Topal
- Department of Field Crops, Selcuk University, Konya, 42079 Turkey
| | - Emel Atmaca
- Department of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture, Selcuk University, Konya, 42079 Turkey
| | - Pamela Aracena Santos
- Department of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture, Selcuk University, Konya, 42079 Turkey
| | - Makbule Rumeysa Omay
- Department of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture, Selcuk University, Konya, 42079 Turkey
| | - Hatice Suslu
- Department of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture, Selcuk University, Konya, 42079 Turkey
| | - Kamer Gulcan
- Department of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture, Selcuk University, Konya, 42079 Turkey
| | - Merve Inanc
- Department of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture, Selcuk University, Konya, 42079 Turkey
| | - Mahinur S. Akkaya
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, No. 2 Linggong Road, Dalian, 116023 Liaoning China
| | - Abdullah Kahraman
- Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, Harran University, Sanliurfa, 63300 Turkey
| | - George Thomas
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Engineering, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Allahabad, 211007 India
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28
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Kovač T, Šarkanj B, Borišev I, Djordjevic A, Jović D, Lončarić A, Babić J, Jozinović A, Krska T, Gangl J, Ezekiel CN, Sulyok M, Krska R. Fullerol C 60(OH) 24 Nanoparticles Affect Secondary Metabolite Profile of Important Foodborne Mycotoxigenic Fungi In Vitro. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:toxins12040213. [PMID: 32230978 PMCID: PMC7232364 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12040213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the efforts to control mycotoxin contamination worldwide, extensive contamination has been reported to occur in food and feed. The contamination is even more intense due to climate changes and different stressors. This study examined the impact of fullerol C60(OH)24 nanoparticles (FNP) (at 0, 1, 10, 100, and 1000 ng mL-1) on the secondary metabolite profile of the most relevant foodborne mycotoxigenic fungi from genera Aspergillus, Fusarium, Alternaria and Penicillium, during growth in vitro. Fungi were grown in liquid RPMI 1640 media for 72 h at 29 °C, and metabolites were investigated by the LC-MS/MS dilute and shoot multimycotoxin method. Exposure to FNP showed great potential in decreasing the concentrations of 35 secondary metabolites; the decreases were dependent on FNP concentration and fungal genus. These results are a relevant guide for future examination of fungi-FNP interactions in environmental conditions. The aim is to establish the exact mechanism of FNP action and determine the impact such interactions have on food and feed safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tihomir Kovač
- Faculty of Food Technology, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Franje Kuhača 20, 31000 Osijek, Croatia; (B.Š.); (A.L.); (J.B.); (A.J.)
- Institute of Bioanalytics and Agro-Metabolomics, Department of Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU), Konrad Lorenzstr. 20, 3430 Tulln, Austria; (T.K.); (C.N.E.); (M.S.); (R.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +385-31-224-341; Fax: +385-31-207-115
| | - Bojan Šarkanj
- Faculty of Food Technology, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Franje Kuhača 20, 31000 Osijek, Croatia; (B.Š.); (A.L.); (J.B.); (A.J.)
- Institute of Bioanalytics and Agro-Metabolomics, Department of Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU), Konrad Lorenzstr. 20, 3430 Tulln, Austria; (T.K.); (C.N.E.); (M.S.); (R.K.)
- Department of Food Technology, University North, Trg dr. Žarka Dolinara 1, 48000 Koprivnica, Croatia
| | - Ivana Borišev
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (I.B.); (A.D.); (D.J.)
| | - Aleksandar Djordjevic
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (I.B.); (A.D.); (D.J.)
| | - Danica Jović
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (I.B.); (A.D.); (D.J.)
| | - Ante Lončarić
- Faculty of Food Technology, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Franje Kuhača 20, 31000 Osijek, Croatia; (B.Š.); (A.L.); (J.B.); (A.J.)
| | - Jurislav Babić
- Faculty of Food Technology, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Franje Kuhača 20, 31000 Osijek, Croatia; (B.Š.); (A.L.); (J.B.); (A.J.)
| | - Antun Jozinović
- Faculty of Food Technology, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Franje Kuhača 20, 31000 Osijek, Croatia; (B.Š.); (A.L.); (J.B.); (A.J.)
| | - Tamara Krska
- Institute of Bioanalytics and Agro-Metabolomics, Department of Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU), Konrad Lorenzstr. 20, 3430 Tulln, Austria; (T.K.); (C.N.E.); (M.S.); (R.K.)
| | - Johann Gangl
- Institute of Biotechnology in Plant Production, Department of Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU), Konrad Lorenzstr. 20, 3430 Tulln, Austria;
| | - Chibundu N. Ezekiel
- Institute of Bioanalytics and Agro-Metabolomics, Department of Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU), Konrad Lorenzstr. 20, 3430 Tulln, Austria; (T.K.); (C.N.E.); (M.S.); (R.K.)
- Department of Microbiology, Babcock University, Ilishan Remo 121103, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Michael Sulyok
- Institute of Bioanalytics and Agro-Metabolomics, Department of Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU), Konrad Lorenzstr. 20, 3430 Tulln, Austria; (T.K.); (C.N.E.); (M.S.); (R.K.)
| | - Rudolf Krska
- Institute of Bioanalytics and Agro-Metabolomics, Department of Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU), Konrad Lorenzstr. 20, 3430 Tulln, Austria; (T.K.); (C.N.E.); (M.S.); (R.K.)
- Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, University Road, Belfast BT7 1NN, Northern Ireland, UK
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Strub C, Dieye CAT, Nguyen PA, Constancias F, Durand N, Guendouz S, Pratlong M, Fontana A, Schorr-Galindo S. Transcriptomes of the interaction between Fusarium verticillioides and a Streptomyces strain reveal the fungal defense strategy under the pressure of a potential biocontrol agent. Fungal Biol 2019; 125:78-88. [PMID: 33518208 DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2019.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The actinobacteria Streptomyces sp. AV05 appears to be a potential biocontrol agent (BCA) against mycotoxigenic fungi. It was found to significantly inhibit F. verticillioides growth and mycotoxin production during their co-cultivation. F. verticillioides growth was durably affected while the decrease of the toxin production levels was reversible, suggesting different BCA actions. The study of both transcriptomes brought useful information on the microbial interaction. RNA-seq data indicated that the dual interaction modified genetic expression of both microorganisms as 18.5 % of the genes were differentially expressed for the fungus against 3.8 % for the actinobacteria. Fungal differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were equally up and down regulated while bacterial ones were mainly upregulated. We especially focused the analysis of DEGs on fungal defense reaction to bacterial attack. For example, if this potential BCA implements a strategy of antibiosis with the over expression of 'siderophore-interacting protein' linked to the production of bacteriocins, the fungus in a state of stress is able to adapt its metabolism by up-regulation of amidase. It could correspond to the induction of resistance gene clusters and suggest a detoxification process. Moreover fumonisins-related pathway appears underexpressed in the presence of Streptomyces that explain the reduction of fumonisin accumulation observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Strub
- Qualisud, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, Montpellier SupAgro, Univ d'Avignon, Univ de La Réunion, Montpellier, France
| | - C A T Dieye
- Qualisud, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, Montpellier SupAgro, Univ d'Avignon, Univ de La Réunion, Montpellier, France
| | - P A Nguyen
- Qualisud, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, Montpellier SupAgro, Univ d'Avignon, Univ de La Réunion, Montpellier, France
| | - F Constancias
- Qualisud, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, Montpellier SupAgro, Univ d'Avignon, Univ de La Réunion, Montpellier, France; CIRAD, UMR Qualisud, F-34398, Montpellier, France
| | - N Durand
- Qualisud, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, Montpellier SupAgro, Univ d'Avignon, Univ de La Réunion, Montpellier, France; CIRAD, UMR Qualisud, F-34398, Montpellier, France
| | - S Guendouz
- MGX, Biocampus Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - M Pratlong
- MGX, Biocampus Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - A Fontana
- Qualisud, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, Montpellier SupAgro, Univ d'Avignon, Univ de La Réunion, Montpellier, France
| | - S Schorr-Galindo
- Qualisud, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, Montpellier SupAgro, Univ d'Avignon, Univ de La Réunion, Montpellier, France.
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30
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Habschied K, Krska R, Sulyok M, Lukinac J, Jukić M, Šarkanj B, Krstanović V, Mastanjević K. The Influence of Steeping Water Change during Malting on the Multi-Toxin Content in Malt. Foods 2019; 8:foods8100478. [PMID: 31614530 PMCID: PMC6835677 DOI: 10.3390/foods8100478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the impact of steeping water change and Fusarium graminearum contamination level on different multi-toxin types and concentrations in barley malt. Malt samples were subjected to two micromalting regimes-steeping water change and the other with no steeping water change. Malt was contaminated with different F. graminearum contamination levels (0%, 10%, and 20%). The results indicate that malt with higher F. graminearum contamination levels ensured higher concentrations of toxins. Higher fungal metabolite concentrations were determined in samples exposed to freshly-changed steeping water, especially zearalenone and its derivates whose values were three to four times higher than in samples with no water change. Zearalenone-4-sulfate showed four (in 10% contamination) and even thirty times (in 20% contamination) higher concentrations than in samples with no water change. Water change during malting resulted in higher levels of multi-toxins in the final product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Habschied
- Josip Juraj Strossmayer, Faculty of Food Technology, University of Osijek, Osijek, F. Kuhača 20, 31000 Osijek, Croatia.
| | - Rudolf Krska
- Institute of Bioanalytics and Agro-Metabolomics, Department for Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Konrad-Lorenz-Straße 20, 3430 Tulln, Austria.
- Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queens University Belfast, University Road, Belfast BT7 1NN, Northern Ireland, UK.
| | - Michael Sulyok
- Institute of Bioanalytics and Agro-Metabolomics, Department for Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Konrad-Lorenz-Straße 20, 3430 Tulln, Austria.
| | - Jasmina Lukinac
- Josip Juraj Strossmayer, Faculty of Food Technology, University of Osijek, Osijek, F. Kuhača 20, 31000 Osijek, Croatia.
| | - Marko Jukić
- Josip Juraj Strossmayer, Faculty of Food Technology, University of Osijek, Osijek, F. Kuhača 20, 31000 Osijek, Croatia.
| | - Bojan Šarkanj
- Department of Food Technology, University North, University center Koprivnica, Trg dr. Žarka Dolinara 1, 48000 Koprivnica, Croatia.
| | - Vinko Krstanović
- Josip Juraj Strossmayer, Faculty of Food Technology, University of Osijek, Osijek, F. Kuhača 20, 31000 Osijek, Croatia.
| | - Krešimir Mastanjević
- Josip Juraj Strossmayer, Faculty of Food Technology, University of Osijek, Osijek, F. Kuhača 20, 31000 Osijek, Croatia.
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31
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Shi-Kunne X, Jové RDP, Depotter JRL, Ebert MK, Seidl MF, Thomma BPHJ. In silico prediction and characterisation of secondary metabolite clusters in the plant pathogenic fungus Verticillium dahliae. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2019; 366:5475643. [PMID: 31004487 PMCID: PMC6502550 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnz081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Fungi are renowned producers of natural compounds, also known as secondary metabolites (SMs) that display a wide array of biological activities. Typically, the genes that are involved in the biosynthesis of SMs are located in close proximity to each other in so-called secondary metabolite clusters. Many plant-pathogenic fungi secrete SMs during infection in order to promote disease establishment, for instance as cytocoxic compounds. Verticillium dahliae is a notorious plant pathogen that can infect over 200 host plants worldwide. However, the SM repertoire of this vascular pathogen remains mostly uncharted. To unravel the potential of V. dahliae to produce SMs, we performed in silico predictions and in-depth analyses of its secondary metabolite clusters. Using distinctive traits of gene clusters and the conserved signatures of core genes 25 potential SM gene clusters were identified. Subsequently, phylogenetic and comparative genomics analyses were performed, revealing that two putative siderophores, ferricrocin and TAFC, DHN-melanin and fujikurin may belong to the SM repertoire of V. dahliae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqian Shi-Kunne
- Laboratory of Phytopathology, Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Roger de Pedro Jové
- Laboratory of Phytopathology, Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jasper R L Depotter
- Laboratory of Phytopathology, Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands,Department of Crops and Agronomy, National Institute of Agricultural Botany, Huntingdon Road, CB3 0LE Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Malaika K Ebert
- Laboratory of Phytopathology, Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Michael F Seidl
- Laboratory of Phytopathology, Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Bart P H J Thomma
- Laboratory of Phytopathology, Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands,Corresponding author: Laboratory of Phytopathology, Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands. Tel: 0031-317-484536; Fax: 0031-317-483412; E-mail:
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Effect of temperature on growth, wheat head infection, and nivalenol production by Fusarium poae. Food Microbiol 2018; 76:83-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2018.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Revised: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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F Abdallah M, De Boevre M, Landschoot S, De Saeger S, Haesaert G, Audenaert K. Fungal Endophytes Control Fusarium graminearum and Reduce Trichothecenes and Zearalenone in Maize. Toxins (Basel) 2018; 10:toxins10120493. [PMID: 30477214 PMCID: PMC6316275 DOI: 10.3390/toxins10120493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Fusarium graminearum can cause Giberella Ear Rot (GER) and seedling blight in maize, resulting in major yield losses. Besides GER, the infected grains are consequently contaminated with multiple mycotoxins of F. graminearum. Zearalenone and trichothecenes, such as deoxynivalenol and its acetylated forms, are among the major mycotoxins associated with F. graminearum infection in maize. In the current work, we explored the effect of the endophytic fungal genera of Epicoccum and Sordaria, to control F. graminearum infection in comparative trials with Piriformospora spp., an elusive endophytic genus. Furthermore, we investigated the effect of these endophytes on zearalenone, deoxynivalenol, and 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol levels using in vitro and in planta assays. As plants are endowed with several detoxification mechanisms comprising e.g., glucosylation of trichothecenes, the effect of the isolated fungal endophytes on the deoxynivalenol-3-glucoside level was also assessed. In general, results showed a considerable variability in the antifungal activity, both among species and among isolates within one species. Additionally, the effect on mycotoxin levels was variable, and not necessarily related to the antifungal activity except for zearalenone levels which were consistently reduced by the endophytes. These results highlight the great potential of certain endophytic fungal strains as new biocontrol agents in agricultural science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed F Abdallah
- Centre of Excellence in Mycotoxicology and Public Health, Department of Bioanalysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
- Laboratory of Applied Mycology and Phenomics, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Marthe De Boevre
- Centre of Excellence in Mycotoxicology and Public Health, Department of Bioanalysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Sofie Landschoot
- Laboratory of Applied Mycology and Phenomics, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Sarah De Saeger
- Centre of Excellence in Mycotoxicology and Public Health, Department of Bioanalysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Geert Haesaert
- Laboratory of Applied Mycology and Phenomics, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Kris Audenaert
- Laboratory of Applied Mycology and Phenomics, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
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Ogunade IM, Martinez-Tuppia C, Queiroz OCM, Jiang Y, Drouin P, Wu F, Vyas D, Adesogan AT. Silage review: Mycotoxins in silage: Occurrence, effects, prevention, and mitigation. J Dairy Sci 2018; 101:4034-4059. [PMID: 29685276 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2017-13788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Ensiled forage, particularly corn silage, is an important component of dairy cow diets worldwide. Forages can be contaminated with several mycotoxins in the field pre-harvest, during storage, or after ensiling during feed-out. Exposure to dietary mycotoxins adversely affects the performance and health of livestock and can compromise human health. Several studies and surveys indicate that ruminants are often exposed to mycotoxins such as aflatoxins, trichothecenes, ochratoxin A, fumonisins, zearalenone, and many other fungal secondary metabolites, via the silage they ingest. Problems associated with mycotoxins in silage can be minimized by preventing fungal growth before and after ensiling. Proper silage management is essential to reduce mycotoxin contamination of dairy cow feeds, and certain mold-inhibiting chemical additives or microbial inoculants can also reduce the contamination levels. Several sequestering agents also can be added to diets to reduce mycotoxin levels, but their efficacy varies with the type and level of mycotoxin contamination. This article gives an overview of the types, prevalence, and levels of mycotoxin contamination in ensiled forages in different countries, and describes their adverse effects on health of ruminants, and effective prevention and mitigation strategies for dairy cow diets. Future research priorities discussed include research efforts to develop silage additives or rumen microbial innocula that degrade mycotoxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- I M Ogunade
- Department of Animal Sciences, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville 32608
| | - C Martinez-Tuppia
- Lallemand Animal Nutrition, Lallemand SAS, 19 rue des Briquetiers, B.P. 59, F-31702 Blagnac, France
| | - O C M Queiroz
- Chr Hansen, Animal Health and Nutrition, Chr. Hansen, Buenos Aires 1107, Argentina
| | - Y Jiang
- Department of Animal Sciences, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville 32608
| | - P Drouin
- Lallemand Animal Nutrition, Lallemand SAS, 19 rue des Briquetiers, B.P. 59, F-31702 Blagnac, France
| | - F Wu
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Department of Agricultural, Food, and Resource Economics, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824
| | - D Vyas
- Department of Animal Sciences, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville 32608
| | - A T Adesogan
- Department of Animal Sciences, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville 32608.
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Atanasova-Penichon V, Legoahec L, Bernillon S, Deborde C, Maucourt M, Verdal-Bonnin MN, Pinson-Gadais L, Ponts N, Moing A, Richard-Forget F. Mycotoxin Biosynthesis and Central Metabolism Are Two Interlinked Pathways in Fusarium graminearum, as Demonstrated by the Extensive Metabolic Changes Induced by Caffeic Acid Exposure. Appl Environ Microbiol 2018; 84:e01705-17. [PMID: 29427428 PMCID: PMC5881057 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01705-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Fusarium graminearum is a major plant pathogen that causes devastating diseases of cereals and produces type B trichothecene (TCTB) mycotoxins in infected grains. A comprehensive understanding of the molecular and biochemical mechanisms underlying the regulation of TCTB biosynthesis is required for improving strategies to control the TCTB contamination of crops and ensuring that these strategies do not favor the production of other toxic metabolites by F. graminearum Elucidation of the association of TCTB biosynthesis with other central and specialized processes was the focus of this study. Combined 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) and liquid chromatography-quadrupole time of flight-mass spectrometry (LC-QTOF-MS) analyses were used to compare the exo- and endometabolomes of F. graminearum grown under toxin-inducing and -repressing caffeic acid conditions. Ninety-five metabolites were putatively or unambiguously identified, including 26 primary and 69 specialized metabolites. Our data demonstrated that the inhibition of TCTB production induced by caffeic acid exposure was associated with significant changes in the secondary and primary metabolism of F. graminearum, although the fungal growth was not affected. The main metabolic changes were an increase in the accumulation of several polyketides, including toxic ones, alterations in the tricarboxylic organic acid cycle, and modifications in the metabolism of several amino acids and sugars. While these findings provide insights into the mechanisms that govern the inhibition of TCTB production by caffeic acid, they also demonstrate the interdependence between the biosynthetic pathway of TCTB and several primary and specialized metabolic pathways. These results provide further evidence of the multifaceted role of TCTB in the life cycle of F. graminearumIMPORTANCEFusarium graminearum is a major plant pathogen that causes devastating diseases of cereal crops and produces type B trichothecene (TCTB) mycotoxins in infected grains. The best way to restrict consumer exposure to TCTB is to limit their production before harvest, which requires increasing the knowledge on the mechanisms that regulate their biosynthesis. Using a metabolomics approach, we investigated the interconnection between the TCTB production pathway and several fungal metabolic pathways. We demonstrated that alteration in the TCTB biosynthetic pathway can have a significant impact on other metabolic pathways, including the biosynthesis of toxic polyketides, and vice versa. These findings open new avenues for identifying fungal targets for the design of molecules with antimycotoxin properties and therefore improving sustainable strategies to fight against diseases caused by F. graminearum Our data further demonstrate that analyses should consider all fungal toxic metabolites rather than the targeted family of mycotoxins when assessing the efficacy of control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laurie Legoahec
- UR1264 MycSA, INRA, Centre INRA de Nouvelle Aquitaine-Bordeaux, Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Stéphane Bernillon
- UMR1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, INRA, Université de Bordeaux, Centre INRA de Nouvelle Aquitaine-Bordeaux, Villenave d'Ornon, France
- Metabolome Facility of Bordeaux Functional Genomics Center, MetaboHUB, IBVM, Centre INRA de Nouvelle Aquitaine-Bordeaux, Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Catherine Deborde
- UMR1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, INRA, Université de Bordeaux, Centre INRA de Nouvelle Aquitaine-Bordeaux, Villenave d'Ornon, France
- Metabolome Facility of Bordeaux Functional Genomics Center, MetaboHUB, IBVM, Centre INRA de Nouvelle Aquitaine-Bordeaux, Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Mickaël Maucourt
- UMR1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, INRA, Université de Bordeaux, Centre INRA de Nouvelle Aquitaine-Bordeaux, Villenave d'Ornon, France
- Metabolome Facility of Bordeaux Functional Genomics Center, MetaboHUB, IBVM, Centre INRA de Nouvelle Aquitaine-Bordeaux, Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | | | - Laetitia Pinson-Gadais
- UR1264 MycSA, INRA, Centre INRA de Nouvelle Aquitaine-Bordeaux, Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Nadia Ponts
- UR1264 MycSA, INRA, Centre INRA de Nouvelle Aquitaine-Bordeaux, Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Annick Moing
- UMR1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, INRA, Université de Bordeaux, Centre INRA de Nouvelle Aquitaine-Bordeaux, Villenave d'Ornon, France
- Metabolome Facility of Bordeaux Functional Genomics Center, MetaboHUB, IBVM, Centre INRA de Nouvelle Aquitaine-Bordeaux, Villenave d'Ornon, France
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Spanu F, Scherm B, Camboni I, Balmas V, Pani G, Oufensou S, Macciotta N, Pasquali M, Migheli Q. FcRav2, a gene with a ROGDI domain involved in Fusarium head blight and crown rot on durum wheat caused by Fusarium culmorum. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2018; 19:677-688. [PMID: 28322011 PMCID: PMC6638036 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.12551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2016] [Revised: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Fusarium culmorum is a soil-borne fungal pathogen which causes foot and root rot and Fusarium head blight on small-grain cereals, in particular wheat and barley. It causes significant yield and quality losses and results in the contamination of kernels with type B trichothecene mycotoxins. Our knowledge of the pathogenicity factors of this fungus is still limited. A transposon tagging approach based on the mimp1/impala double-component system has allowed us to select a mutant altered in multiple metabolic and morphological processes, trichothecene production and virulence. The flanking regions of mimp1 were used to seek homologies in the F. culmorum genome, and revealed that mimp1 had reinserted within the last exon of a gene encoding a hypothetical protein of 318 amino acids which contains a ROGDI-like leucine zipper domain, supposedly playing a protein-protein interaction or regulatory role. By functional complementation and bioinformatic analysis, we characterized the gene as the yeast Rav2 homologue, confirming the high level of divergence in multicellular fungi. Deletion of FcRav2 or its orthologous gene in F. graminearum highlighted its ability to influence a number of functions, including virulence, trichothecene type B biosynthesis, resistance to azoles and resistance to osmotic and oxidative stress. Our results indicate that the FcRav2 protein (and possibly the RAVE complex as a whole) may become a suitable target for new antifungal drug development or the plant-mediated resistance response in filamentous fungi of agricultural interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Spanu
- Dipartimento di AgrariaUniversità degli Studi di SassariSassariI‐07100Italy
| | - Barbara Scherm
- Dipartimento di AgrariaUniversità degli Studi di SassariSassariI‐07100Italy
| | - Irene Camboni
- Dipartimento di AgrariaUniversità degli Studi di SassariSassariI‐07100Italy
| | - Virgilio Balmas
- Dipartimento di AgrariaUniversità degli Studi di SassariSassariI‐07100Italy
| | - Giovanna Pani
- Dipartimento di AgrariaUniversità degli Studi di SassariSassariI‐07100Italy
| | - Safa Oufensou
- Dipartimento di AgrariaUniversità degli Studi di SassariSassariI‐07100Italy
- Faculté des Sciences de BizerteZarzouna TN‐7000Tunisia
| | - Nicolo’ Macciotta
- Dipartimento di AgrariaUniversità degli Studi di SassariSassariI‐07100Italy
| | - Matias Pasquali
- Dipartimento di Scienze per gli Alimenti la Nutrizione, l'AmbienteUniversità di MilanoMilanoI‐20133Italy
| | - Quirico Migheli
- Dipartimento di AgrariaUniversità degli Studi di SassariSassariI‐07100Italy
- Unità di Ricerca Istituto Nazionale di Biostrutture e BiosistemiSassariI‐07100Italy
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Gil-Serna J, García-Díaz M, González-Jaén MT, Vázquez C, Patiño B. Description of an orthologous cluster of ochratoxin A biosynthetic genes in Aspergillus and Penicillium species. A comparative analysis. Int J Food Microbiol 2018; 268:35-43. [PMID: 29324288 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2017.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Revised: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Ochratoxin A (OTA) is one of the most important mycotoxins due to its toxic properties and worldwide distribution which is produced by several Aspergillus and Penicillium species. The knowledge of OTA biosynthetic genes and understanding of the mechanisms involved in their regulation are essential. In this work, we obtained a clear picture of biosynthetic genes organization in the main OTA-producing Aspergillus and Penicillium species (A. steynii, A. westerdijkiae, A. niger, A. carbonarius and P. nordicum) using complete genome sequences obtained in this work or previously available on databases. The results revealed a region containing five ORFs which predicted five proteins: halogenase, bZIP transcription factor, cytochrome P450 monooxygenase, non-ribosomal peptide synthetase and polyketide synthase in all the five species. Genetic synteny was conserved in both Penicillium and Aspergillus species although genomic location seemed to be different since the clusters presented different flanking regions (except for A. steynii and A. westerdijkiae); these observations support the hypothesis of the orthology of this genomic region and that it might have been acquired by horizontal transfer. New real-time RT-PCR assays for quantification of the expression of these OTA biosynthetic genes were developed. In all species, the five genes were consistently expressed in OTA-producing strains in permissive conditions. These protocols might favour futures studies on the regulation of biosynthetic genes in order to develop new efficient control methods to avoid OTA entering the food chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Gil-Serna
- Department of Microbiology III, Faculty of Biology, University Complutense of Madrid, Jose Antonio Novais 12, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Marta García-Díaz
- Department of Microbiology III, Faculty of Biology, University Complutense of Madrid, Jose Antonio Novais 12, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Teresa González-Jaén
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biology, University Complutense of Madrid, Jose Antonio Novais 12, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Covadonga Vázquez
- Department of Microbiology III, Faculty of Biology, University Complutense of Madrid, Jose Antonio Novais 12, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Belén Patiño
- Department of Microbiology III, Faculty of Biology, University Complutense of Madrid, Jose Antonio Novais 12, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Bhandari DR, Wang Q, Li B, Friedt W, Römpp A, Spengler B, Gottwald S. Histology-guided high-resolution AP-SMALDI mass spectrometry imaging of wheat- Fusarium graminearum interaction at the root-shoot junction. PLANT METHODS 2018; 14:103. [PMID: 30473724 PMCID: PMC6240423 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-018-0368-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fungal pathogens like Fusarium graminearum can cause severe yield losses and mycotoxin contamination of food and feed worldwide. We recently showed its ability to systemically colonize wheat via root infection. However, the molecular response of wheat to Fusarium root rot (FRR) infection and systemic spread is still unknown. As a molecular camera, mass spectrometry (MS) imaging combines label-free and multiplex metabolite profiling with histopathology. RESULTS Atmospheric-pressure (AP)-SMALDI-MS imaging was combined with optical microscopy to study wheat-F. graminearum interaction at the root-shoot junction, which is a crucial line of defense against a pathogen that can invade all distal plant parts. To scope the functional, temporal and local aspects of FRR disease spread, metabolic changes were simultaneous visualized in diseased and healthy stem bases of the resistant cultivar Florence-Aurore at 10, 14 and 21 days after root inoculation. Histological information was used to identify disease relevant tissues and to assist the interpretation of molecular images. Detected mycotoxin compounds secreted by F. graminearum showed a route of stem infection that was consistent with observations made by microscopy. The outer epidermis and vasculature of leaf sheath were, at different disease stages, identified as prominent sites of pathogen migration and wheat protection. Wheat metabolites mapped to these relatively small tissues indicated cell wall strengthening and antifungal activity as direct defenses as well as conservation in the wheat reactions to F. graminearum diseases that affect different plant organs. CONCLUSIONS AP-SMALDI-MS imaging at high spatial resolution is a versatile technique that can be applied to basic and applied aspects of agricultural research. Combining the technology with optical microscopy was found to be a powerful tool to gain in-depth information on almost unknown crop disease. Moreover, the approach allowed studying metabolism at the host-pathogen interface. The results provide important hints to an understanding of the complex spatio-temporal organization of plant resistance. Defense-on-demand responses to pathogen ingress were found, which provide opportunities for future research towards an improved resistance that does not negatively impact yield development in the field by saving plant resources and, moreover, may control different Fusarium diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhaka Ram Bhandari
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Qing Wang
- Department of Plant Breeding, IFZ Research Centre for Biosystems, Land Use and Nutrition, Justus Liebig University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Bin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009 China
| | - Wolfgang Friedt
- Department of Plant Breeding, IFZ Research Centre for Biosystems, Land Use and Nutrition, Justus Liebig University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Andreas Römpp
- Chair of Bioanalytical Sciences and Food Analysis, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Bernhard Spengler
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Sven Gottwald
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, 35392 Giessen, Germany
- Department of Plant Breeding, IFZ Research Centre for Biosystems, Land Use and Nutrition, Justus Liebig University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392 Giessen, Germany
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Tian Y, Tan Y, Liu N, Yan Z, Liao Y, Chen J, de Saeger S, Yang H, Zhang Q, Wu A. Detoxification of Deoxynivalenol via Glycosylation Represents Novel Insights on Antagonistic Activities of Trichoderma when Confronted with Fusarium graminearum. Toxins (Basel) 2016; 8:toxins8110335. [PMID: 27854265 PMCID: PMC5127131 DOI: 10.3390/toxins8110335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Revised: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Deoxynivalenol (DON) is a mycotoxin mainly produced by the Fusarium graminearum complex, which are important phytopathogens that can infect crops and lead to a serious disease called Fusarium head blight (FHB). As the most common B type trichothecene mycotoxin, DON has toxic effects on animals and humans, which poses a risk to food security. Thus, efforts have been devoted to control DON contamination in different ways. Management of DON production by Trichoderma strains as a biological control-based strategy has drawn great attention recently. In our study, eight selected Trichoderma strains were evaluated for their antagonistic activities on F. graminearum by dual culture on potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium. As potential antagonists, Trichoderma strains showed prominent inhibitory effects on mycelial growth and mycotoxin production of F. graminearum. In addition, the modified mycotoxin deoxynivalenol-3-glucoside (D3G), which was once regarded as a detoxification product of DON in plant defense, was detected when Trichoderma were confronted with F. graminearum. The occurrence of D3G in F. graminearum and Trichoderma interaction was reported for the first time, and these findings provide evidence that Trichoderma strains possess a self-protection mechanism as plants to detoxify DON into D3G when competing with F. graminearum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Tian
- SIBS-UGENT-SJTU Joint Laboratory of Mycotoxin Research, Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 294 Taiyuan Road, Shanghai 200031, China.
| | - Yanglan Tan
- SIBS-UGENT-SJTU Joint Laboratory of Mycotoxin Research, Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 294 Taiyuan Road, Shanghai 200031, China.
| | - Na Liu
- SIBS-UGENT-SJTU Joint Laboratory of Mycotoxin Research, Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 294 Taiyuan Road, Shanghai 200031, China.
| | - Zheng Yan
- SIBS-UGENT-SJTU Joint Laboratory of Mycotoxin Research, Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 294 Taiyuan Road, Shanghai 200031, China.
| | - Yucai Liao
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Resources and Environment Sciences, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Sarah de Saeger
- Laboratory of Food Analysis, Department of Bioanalysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Hua Yang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Pest and Disease Control, Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-Products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China.
| | - Qiaoyan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Pest and Disease Control, Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-Products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China.
| | - Aibo Wu
- SIBS-UGENT-SJTU Joint Laboratory of Mycotoxin Research, Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 294 Taiyuan Road, Shanghai 200031, China.
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Sellamani M, Kalagatur NK, Siddaiah C, Mudili V, Krishna K, Natarajan G, Rao Putcha VL. Antifungal and Zearalenone Inhibitory Activity of Pediococcus pentosaceus Isolated from Dairy Products on Fusarium graminearum. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:890. [PMID: 27379035 PMCID: PMC4904835 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study was aimed to evaluate the bio-control efficacy of Pediococcus pentosaceus isolated from traditional fermented dairy products originated from India, against the growth and zearalenone (ZEA) production of Fusarium graminearum. The cell-free supernatants of P. pentosaceus (PPCS) were prepared and chemical profiling was carried out by GC-MS and MALDI-TOF analysis. Chemical profiling of PPCS evidenced that, the presence of phenolic antioxidants, which are responsible for the antifungal activity. Another hand, MALDI-TOF analysis also indicated the presence of antimicrobial peptides. To know the antioxidant potential of PPCS, DPPH free radical scavenging assay was carried out and IC50 value was determined as 32 ± 1.89 μL/mL. The antifungal activity of P. pentosaceus was determined by dual culture overlay technique and zone of inhibition was recorded as 47 ± 2.81%, and antifungal activity of PPCS on F. graminearum was determined by micro-well dilution and scanning electron microscopic techniques. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of PPCS was determined as 66 ± 2.18 μL/mL in the present study. Also a clear variation in the micromorphology of mycelia treated with MIC value of PPCS compared to untreated control was documented. Further, the mechanism of growth inhibition was revealed by ergosterol analysis and determination of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in PPCS treated samples. The effects of PPCS on mycelial biomass and ZEA production were observed in a dose-dependent manner. The mechanism behind the suppression of ZEA production was studied by reverse transcriptase qPCR analysis of ZEA metabolic pathway genes (PKS4 and PKS13), and results showed that there is a dose dependent down-regulation of target gene expression in PPCS treated samples. The results of the present study were collectively proved that, the antifungal and ZEA inhibitory activity of PPCS against F. graminearum and it may find a potential application in agriculture and food industry as a natural bio-controlling agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muthulakshmi Sellamani
- Toxicology and Immunology Division, DRDO-BU-Centre for Life sciences, Bharathiar University Campus, CoimbatoreIndia
| | | | | | - Venkataramana Mudili
- Toxicology and Immunology Division, DRDO-BU-Centre for Life sciences, Bharathiar University Campus, CoimbatoreIndia
| | - Kadirvelu Krishna
- Toxicology and Immunology Division, DRDO-BU-Centre for Life sciences, Bharathiar University Campus, CoimbatoreIndia
- Defence Bioengineering and Electromedical LaboratoryBangalore, India
| | - Gopalan Natarajan
- Food Biotechnology Division, Defence Food Research LaboratoryMysore, India
| | - Venkata L. Rao Putcha
- Toxicology and Immunology Division, DRDO-BU-Centre for Life sciences, Bharathiar University Campus, CoimbatoreIndia
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