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Fregulia P, Park T, Li W, Cersosimo LM, Zanton GI. Microbial inoculum effects on the rumen epithelial transcriptome and rumen epimural metatranscriptome in calves. Sci Rep 2024; 14:16914. [PMID: 39043743 PMCID: PMC11266570 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-65685-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Manipulation of the rumen microbial ecosystem in early life may affect ruminal fermentation and enhance the productive performance of dairy cows. The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the effects of dosing three different types of microbial inoculum on the rumen epithelium tissue (RE) transcriptome and the rumen epimural metatranscriptome (REM) in dairy calves. For this objective, 15 Holstein bull calves were enrolled in the study at birth and assigned to three different intraruminal inoculum treatments dosed orally once weekly from three to six weeks of age. The inoculum treatments were prepared from rumen contents collected from rumen fistulated lactating cows and were either autoclaved (control; ARF), processed by differential centrifugation to create the bacterial-enriched inoculum (BE), or through gravimetric separation to create the protozoal-enriched inoculum (PE). Calves were fed 2.5 L/d pasteurized waste milk 3x/d from 0 to 7 weeks of age and texturized starter until euthanasia at 9 weeks of age, when the RE tissues were collected for transcriptome and microbial metatranscriptome analyses, from four randomly selected calves from each treatment. The different types of inoculum altered the RE transcriptome and REM. Compared to ARF, 9 genes were upregulated in the RE of BE and 92 in PE, whereas between BE and PE there were 13 genes upregulated in BE and 114 in PE. Gene ontology analysis identified enriched GO terms in biological process category between PE and ARF, with no enrichment between BE and ARF. The RE functional signature showed different KEGG pathways related to BE and ARF, and no specific KEGG pathway for PE. We observed a lower alpha diversity index for RE microbiome in ARF (observed genera and Chao1 (p < 0.05)). Five microbial genera showed a significant correlation with the changes in host gene expression: Roseburia (25 genes), Entamoeba (two genes); Anaerosinus, Lachnospira, and Succiniclasticum were each related to one gene. sPLS-DA analysis showed that RE microbial communities differ among the treatments, although the taxonomic and functional microbial profiles show different distributions. Co-expression Differential Network Analysis indicated that both BE and PE had an impact on the abundance of KEGG modules related to acyl-CoA synthesis, type VI secretion, and methanogenesis, while PE had a significant impact on KEGGs related to ectoine biosynthesis and D-xylose transport. Our study indicated that artificial dosing with different microbial inocula in early life alters not only the RE transcriptome, but also affects the REM and its functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Fregulia
- United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) - Agricultural Research Service, Dairy Forage Research Center, Madison, WI, USA
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - T Park
- Tansol Park, Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, South Korea
| | - W Li
- United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) - Agricultural Research Service, Dairy Forage Research Center, Madison, WI, USA.
| | - L M Cersosimo
- United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) - Agricultural Research Service, Dairy Forage Research Center, Madison, WI, USA
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
- Laura Cersosimo, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - G I Zanton
- United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) - Agricultural Research Service, Dairy Forage Research Center, Madison, WI, USA
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2
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Della Rosa MM, Jonker A, Janssen PH, Reid P, Pacheco D, Muetzel S. Effect of buffer pH on methane production and fermentation characteristics of three forages tested in vitro. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2024. [PMID: 38816930 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.13610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low rumen pH is proposed to be a major mechanism for low methane (CH4) emissions from sheep fed forage rape. However, it is difficult to separate this from other in vivo factors, such as rumen passage rate. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of pH alone on CH4 production in vitro using different pH buffers. Ryegrass, white clover and forage rape were incubated in vitro using three different incubation buffers with starting pH values of 5.5, 6.2 and 6.8. RESULTS Decreasing pH reduced overall in vitro CH4 emission relative to fermented hexoses (CH4/FHex) by up to 54% and overall fermentation by 40%. pH also changed fermentation profiles where the acetate + butyrate to propionate + valerate ratio decreased when pH decreased. Within the three forages, forage rape led to the lowest CH4/FHex, but only in pH 5.5 and 6.2 buffer, and this was enhanced when the pH fell below 6. CONCLUSION Reducing pH in vitro decreased CH4 production and overall fermentation across all forages. The lower pH reached by forage rape compared to ryegrass and white clover appears to drive the lower CH4 production relative to the extent of fermentation from forage rape compared to the other forages. © 2024 The Author(s). Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria M Della Rosa
- AgResearch Limited, Grasslands Research Centre, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Arjan Jonker
- AgResearch Limited, Grasslands Research Centre, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Peter H Janssen
- AgResearch Limited, Grasslands Research Centre, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Peter Reid
- AgResearch Limited, Grasslands Research Centre, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - David Pacheco
- AgResearch Limited, Grasslands Research Centre, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Stefan Muetzel
- AgResearch Limited, Grasslands Research Centre, Palmerston North, New Zealand
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3
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Hackmann TJ. New biochemical pathways for forming short-chain fatty acids during fermentation in rumen bacteria. JDS COMMUNICATIONS 2024; 5:230-235. [PMID: 38646572 PMCID: PMC11026938 DOI: 10.3168/jdsc.2023-0427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) are essential to cattle as a source of energy and for other roles in metabolism. These molecules are formed during fermentation by microbes in the rumen, but even after decades of study, the biochemical pathways responsible for forming them are not always clear. Here we review recent advances in this area and their importance for improving animal productivity. Studies of bacterial genomes have pointed to unusual biochemical pathways in rumen organisms. One study found that 8% of rumen organisms forming acetate, a major SCFA, had genes for a pathway previously unknown in bacteria. The existence of this pathway was subsequently confirmed biochemically in propionibacteria. The pathway was shown to involve 2 enzymes that convert acetyl-coenzyme A to acetate. Similar studies have revealed new enzymatic steps for forming propionate and butyrate, other major SCFA. These new steps and pathways are significant for controlling fermentation. With more precise control over SCFA, cows can be fed more precisely and potentially reach higher productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J. Hackmann
- Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95168
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4
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Ungerfeld EM, Pitta D. Review: Biological consequences of the inhibition of rumen methanogenesis. Animal 2024:101170. [PMID: 38772773 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2024.101170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Decreasing enteric CH4 emissions from ruminants is important for containing global warming to 1.5 °C and avoid the worst consequences of climate change. However, the objective of mitigating enteric CH4 emissions is difficult to reconcile with the forecasted increase in production of ruminant meat and milk, unless CH4 production per animal and per kilogram of animal product are decreased substantially. Chemical compound 3-nitrooxypropanol and bromoform-containing red algae Asparagopsis are currently the most potent inhibitors of rumen methanogenesis, but their average efficacy would have to be increased to mitigate enteric CH4 emissions to contain global warming to 1.5 °C, if the demand for ruminant products increases as predicted. We propose that it may be possible to enhance the efficacy of inhibitors of methanogenesis through understanding the mechanisms that cause variation in their efficacy across studies. We also propose that a more thorough understanding of the effects of inhibiting methanogenesis on rumen and postabsorptive metabolism may help improve feed efficiency and cost-effectiveness as co-benefits of the methanogenesis inhibition intervention. For enhancing efficacy, we examine herein how different inhibitors of methanogenesis affect the composition of the rumen microbial community and discuss some mechanisms that may explain dissimilar sensitivities among methanogens to different types of inhibitors. For improving feed efficiency and cost-effectiveness, we discuss the consequences of inhibiting methanogenesis on rumen fermentation, and how changes in rumen fermentation can in turn affect postabsorptive metabolism and animal performance. The objectives of this review are to identify knowledge gaps of the consequences of inhibiting methanogenesis on rumen microbiology and rumen and postabsorptive metabolism, propose research to address those knowledge gaps and discuss the implications that this research can have for the efficacy and adoption of inhibitors of methanogenesis. Depending on its outcomes, research on the microbiological, biochemical, and metabolic consequences of the inhibition of rumen methanogenesis could help the adoption of feed additives inhibitors of methanogenesis to mitigate enteric CH4 emissions from ruminants to ameliorate climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- E M Ungerfeld
- Centro Regional de Investigación Carillanca, Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias INIA, Camino Cajón a Vilcún km 10, 4880000 Vilcún, La Araucanía, Chile.
| | - D Pitta
- Department of Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, New Bolton Center, 19348 Kenneth Square, PA, United States
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García-Rodríguez J, Saro C, Mateos I, Carro MD, Ranilla MJ. Effects of Garlic Oil and Cinnamaldehyde on Sheep Rumen Fermentation and Microbial Populations in Rusitec Fermenters in Two Different Sampling Periods. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1067. [PMID: 38612306 PMCID: PMC11011117 DOI: 10.3390/ani14071067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Garlic oil (GO) and cinnamaldehyde (CIN) have shown potential to modify rumen fermentation. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of GO and CIN on rumen fermentation, microbial protein synthesis (MPS), and microbial populations in Rusitec fermenters fed a mixed diet (50:50 forage/concentrate), as well as whether these effects were maintained over time. Six fermenters were used in two 15-day incubation runs. Within each run, two fermenters received no additive, 180 mg/L of GO, or 180 mg/L of CIN. Rumen fermentation parameters were assessed in two periods (P1 and P2), and microbial populations were studied after each of these periods. Garlic oil reduced the acetate/propionate ratio and methane production (p < 0.001) in P1 and P2 and decreased protozoal DNA concentration and the relative abundance of fungi and archaea after P1 (p < 0.05). Cinnamaldehyde increased bacterial diversity (p < 0.01) and modified the structure of bacterial communities after P1, decreased bacterial DNA concentration after P2 (p < 0.05), and increased MPS (p < 0.001). The results of this study indicate that 180 mg/L of GO and CIN promoted a more efficient rumen fermentation and increased the protein supply to the animal, respectively, although an apparent adaptive response of microbial populations to GO was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jairo García-Rodríguez
- Departamento de Producción Animal, Universidad de León, Campus de Vegazana, s/n, 24071 León, Spain; (J.G.-R.); (C.S.); (I.M.)
- Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña, CSIC—Universidad de León, Finca Marzanas, s/n, 24346 Grulleros, Spain
| | - Cristina Saro
- Departamento de Producción Animal, Universidad de León, Campus de Vegazana, s/n, 24071 León, Spain; (J.G.-R.); (C.S.); (I.M.)
- Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña, CSIC—Universidad de León, Finca Marzanas, s/n, 24346 Grulleros, Spain
| | - Iván Mateos
- Departamento de Producción Animal, Universidad de León, Campus de Vegazana, s/n, 24071 León, Spain; (J.G.-R.); (C.S.); (I.M.)
- Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña, CSIC—Universidad de León, Finca Marzanas, s/n, 24346 Grulleros, Spain
| | - María Dolores Carro
- Departamento de Producción Agraria, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Agroalimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - María José Ranilla
- Departamento de Producción Animal, Universidad de León, Campus de Vegazana, s/n, 24071 León, Spain; (J.G.-R.); (C.S.); (I.M.)
- Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña, CSIC—Universidad de León, Finca Marzanas, s/n, 24346 Grulleros, Spain
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6
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Vargas JDJ, Tarnonsky F, Podversich F, Maderal A, Fernandez-Marenchino I, Gómez-López C, Heredia D, Schulmeister TM, Ruiz-Ascacibar I, Gonella-Diaza A, Ipharraguerre IR, DiLorenzo N. Impact of Supplementing a Backgrounding Diet with Nonprotein Nitrogen on In Vitro Methane Production, Nutrient Digestibility, and Steer Performance. J Anim Sci 2024; 102:skae048. [PMID: 38401155 PMCID: PMC10957118 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skae048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of nonprotein nitrogen (NPN) supplementation on in vitro fermentation and animal performance using a backgrounding diet. In experiment 1, incubations were conducted on three separate days (replicates). Treatments were control (CTL, without NPN), urea (U), urea-biuret (UB), and urea-biuret-nitrate (UBN) mixtures. Except for control, treatments were isonitrogenous using 1% U inclusion as a reference. Ruminal fluid was collected from two Angus-crossbred steers fed a backgrounding diet plus 100 g of a UBN mixture for at least 35 d. The concentration of volatile fatty acids (VFA) and ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N), in vitro organic matter digestibility (IVOMD), and total gas and methane (CH4) production were determined at 24 h of incubation. In experiment 2, 72 Angus-crossbred yearling steers (303 ± 29 kg of body weight [BW]) were stratified by BW and randomly allocated in nine pens (eight animals/pen and three pens/treatment). Steers consumed a backgrounding diet formulated to match the diet used in the in vitro fermentation experiment. Treatments were U, UB, and UBN and were isonitrogenous using 1% U inclusion as a reference. Steers were adapted to the NPN supplementation for 17 d. Then, digestibility evaluation was performed after 13 d of full NPN supplementation for 4 d using 36 steers (12 steers/treatment). After that, steer performance was evaluated for 56 d (24 steers/treatment). In experiment 1, NPN supplementation increased the concentration of NH3-N and VFA (P < 0.01) without affecting the IVOMD (P = 0.48), total gas (P = 0.51), and CH4 production (P = 0.57). Additionally, in vitro fermentation parameters did not differ (P > 0.05) among NPN sources. In experiment 2, NPN supplementation did not change dry matter and nutrient intake (P > 0.05). However, UB and UBN showed lower (P < 0.05) nutrient digestibility than U, except for starch (P = 0.20). Dry matter intake (P = 0.28), average daily gain (P = 0.88), and gain:feed (P = 0.63) did not differ among steers receiving NPN mixtures. In conclusion, tested NPN mixtures have the potential to be included in the backgrounding diets without any apparent negative effects on animal performance and warrant further studies to evaluate other variables to fully assess the response of feeding these novel NPN mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan de J Vargas
- North Florida Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Marianna, FL 32446, USA
| | - Federico Tarnonsky
- North Florida Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Marianna, FL 32446, USA
| | - Federico Podversich
- North Florida Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Marianna, FL 32446, USA
| | - Araceli Maderal
- North Florida Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Marianna, FL 32446, USA
| | | | - Camila Gómez-López
- North Florida Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Marianna, FL 32446, USA
| | - Daniella Heredia
- North Florida Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Marianna, FL 32446, USA
| | - Tessa M Schulmeister
- North Florida Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Marianna, FL 32446, USA
| | | | - Angela Gonella-Diaza
- North Florida Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Marianna, FL 32446, USA
| | | | - Nicolas DiLorenzo
- North Florida Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Marianna, FL 32446, USA
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7
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Liao C, Na B, Tang X, Zhao M, Zhang C, Chen S, You M, Bai B, Hao L, Tondrob D, Qu G, Yang S, Huang B, Gou W, Xie Y, Bai S, Chen C, Li P. Contribution of the bacterial community of poorly fermented oat silage to biogas emissions on the Qinghai Tibetan Plateau. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 897:165336. [PMID: 37414176 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
To better utilize poorly fermented oat silage on the Qinghai Tibetan Plateau, 239 samples of this biomass were collected from the plateau temperate zone (PTZ), plateau subboreal zone (PSBZ), and nonplateau climatic zone (NPCZ) in the region and analyzed for microbial community, chemical composition and in vitro gas production. Climatic factors affect the bacterial α-diversity and β-diversity of poorly fermented oat silage, which led to the NPCZ having the highest relative abundance of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum. Furthermore, the gas production analysis showed that the NPCZ had the highest maximum cumulative gas emissions of methane. Through structural equation modeling analysis, environmental factors (solar radiation) affected methane emissions via the regulation of lactate production by L. plantarum. The enrichment of L. plantarum contributes to lactic acid production and thereby enhances methane emission from poorly fermented oat silage. Notably, there are many lactic acid bacteria detrimental to methane production in the PTZ. This knowledge will be helpful in revealing the mechanisms of environmental factors and microbial relationships influencing the metabolic processes of methane production, thereby providing a reference for the clean utilization of other poorly fermented silage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaosheng Liao
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Binbin Na
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Xiaolong Tang
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Man Zhao
- Sichuan Academy of Grassland Sciences, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Changbing Zhang
- Sichuan Academy of Grassland Sciences, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Shiyong Chen
- College of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Minghong You
- Sichuan Academy of Grassland Sciences, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Binqiang Bai
- College of Agricultural Science, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
| | - Lizhuang Hao
- College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
| | - Dorjeeh Tondrob
- Institute of Pratacultural Science, Tibet Academy of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Science, Lhasa 850000, China
| | - Guangpeng Qu
- Institute of Pratacultural Science, Tibet Academy of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Science, Lhasa 850000, China
| | - Shuqing Yang
- Tibet Institute of Modern Life and Health, Lhasa 850000, China
| | - Bo Huang
- Tibet Jingliang Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Industry Development Co, Lhasa 850000, China
| | - Wenlong Gou
- Sichuan Academy of Grassland Sciences, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Yixiao Xie
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Shiqie Bai
- Sichuan Academy of Grassland Sciences, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Chao Chen
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Ping Li
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China; Sichuan Academy of Grassland Sciences, Chengdu 611731, China.
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8
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Arce-Cordero JA, Liu T, Monteiro HF, Jeong KC, Faciola AP. Megasphaera elsdenii and Saccharomyces cerevisiae as direct fed microbials and their impact on ruminal microbiome during an acute acidosis challenge in continuous culture. Transl Anim Sci 2023; 7:txad123. [PMID: 38023425 PMCID: PMC10630316 DOI: 10.1093/tas/txad123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Our objective was to evaluate the effects of combinations of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Megasphaera elsdenii as direct-fed microbials (DFM) on ruminal microbiome during an acute acidosis challenge in a continuous culture system. Treatments provided a DFM dose of 1 × 108 colony-forming unit (CFU)/mL, as follows: control (no DFM), YM1 (S. cerevisiae and M. elsdenii strain 1), YM2 (S. cerevisiae and M. elsdenii strain 2), and YMM (S. cerevisiae and half of the doses of M. elsdenii strains 1 and 2). We conducted four experimental periods of 11 d, which consisted of non-acidotic days (1 to 8) and acidotic challenge days (9 to 11) to establish acute ruminal acidosis conditions with a common basal diet containing 12% neutral detergent fiber and 58% starch. Treatments were applied from days 8 to 11, and samples of liquid and solid-associated bacteria were collected on days 9 to 11. Overall, 128 samples were analyzed by amplification of the V4 region of bacterial 16S rRNA, and data were analyzed with R and SAS for alpha and beta diversity, taxa relative abundance, and correlation of taxa abundance with propionate molar proportion. We observed a lower bacterial diversity (Shannon index, P = 0.02) when YM1 was added to the diet in comparison to the three other treatments. Moreover, compared to control, addition of YM1 to the diet increased relative abundance of phylum Proteobacteria (P = 0.05) and family Succinivibrioceae (P = 0.05) in the solid fraction and tended to increase abundance of family Succinivibrioceae (P = 0.10) and genus Succinivibrio (P = 0.09) in the liquid fraction. Correlation analysis indicated a positive association between propionate molar proportion and relative abundance of Proteobacteria (r = 0.36, P = 0.04) and Succinivibrioceae (r = 0.36, P = 0.05) in the solid fraction. The inclusion of YM1 in high-grain diets with a high starch content resulted in greater abundance of bacteria involved in succinate synthesis which may have provided the substrate for the greater propionate synthesis observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose A Arce-Cordero
- Escuela de Zootecnia, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Jose, 11501-2060, Costa Rica
| | - Ting Liu
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Hugo F Monteiro
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Kwang C Jeong
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Antonio P Faciola
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
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9
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Santos Torres RDN, Coelho LM, Ghedini CP, Neto ORM, Chardulo LAL, Torrecilhas JA, de Lima Valença R, Baldassini WA, Almeida MTC. Potential of Nutritional Strategies to Reduce Enteric Methane Emission in Feedlot Sheep: A Meta-analysis and Multivariate Analysis. Small Rumin Res 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2023.106919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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10
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Li MM, Ghimire S, Wenner BA, Kohn RA, Firkins JL, Gill B, Hanigan MD. Effects of acetate, propionate, and pH on volatile fatty acid thermodynamics in continuous cultures of ruminal contents. J Dairy Sci 2022; 105:8879-8897. [PMID: 36085109 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2022-22084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the effects of acetate, propionate, and pH on thermodynamics of volatile fatty acids (VFA) in the rumen, a dual-flow continuous culture study was conducted to quantify production of major VFA, interconversions among the VFA, and H2 and CH4 emissions in a 4 × 4 Latin square design. The 4 treatments were (1) control: pH buffered to an average of 6.75; (2) control plus 20 mmol/d of infused acetate (InfAc); (3) control plus 7 mmol/d of infused propionate (InfPr); and (4) a 0.5-unit decline in pH elicited by adjustment of the buffer (LowpH). All fermentors were fed 40 g of a pelleted diet containing whole alfalfa pellets and concentrate mix pellets (50:50) once daily. After 7 d of treatment, sequential, continuous infusions of [2-13C] sodium acetate (3.5 mmol/d), [U-13C] sodium propionate (2.9 mmol/d), and [1-13C] sodium butyrate (0.22 mmol/d) were carried out from 12 h before feeding for 36 h. Filtered liquid effluent (4 mL) was sampled at 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16, and 22 h after feeding, and assessed for VFA concentrations, with another filtered sample (20 mL) used to quantify aqueous concentrations of CH4 and H2. Headspace CH4 and H2 gases were monitored continuously. Ruminal microbes were isolated from the mixed effluent samples, and the microbial community structure was analyzed using the 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing technique. The digestibility of neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, and starch and microbial C sequestrated from VFA were not affected by treatments. The LowpH treatment increased net propionate production and decreased H2 and CH4 headspace emissions, primarily due to shifts in metabolic pathways of VFA formation, likely due to the observed changes in bacterial community structure. Significant interconversions occurred between acetate and butyrate, whereas interconversions of other VFA with propionate were relatively small. The InfAc and InfPr treatments increased net acetate and propionate production, respectively; however, interconversions among VFA were not affected by pH, acetate, or propionate treatments, suggesting that thermodynamics might not be a primary influencer of metabolic pathways used for VFA formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng M Li
- Department of Dairy Science, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg 24061; State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P. R. China, 100193
| | - S Ghimire
- Department of Dairy Science, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg 24061
| | - B A Wenner
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus 43210
| | - R A Kohn
- Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park 20742
| | - J L Firkins
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus 43210
| | - B Gill
- Department of Geosciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg 24061
| | - M D Hanigan
- Department of Dairy Science, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg 24061.
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Zhang Y, Mu C, Liu S, Zhu W. Dietary citrus pectin drives more ileal microbial protein metabolism and stronger fecal carbohydrate fermentation over fructo-oligosaccharide in growing pigs. ANIMAL NUTRITION 2022; 11:252-263. [PMID: 36263407 PMCID: PMC9556793 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2022.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Fructo-oligosaccharide (FOS) and pectin are known soluble dietary fibers and can influence gut microbiota and consequently modulate gut health. To understand the differential impact patterns of pectin vs. FOS in modulating gut microbiota in the small and large intestine, an ileal-cannulated pig model was adopted to compare the temporal and spatial effects of FOS and citrus pectin (CP) on the gut microbiota. Sixteen terminal ileal-cannulated pigs were randomly divided into 2 groups and fed with a standard diet supplemented with either 3% FOS or 3% CP for 28 d. The CP group and FOS group showed different microbial composition, especially in the feces, with time and location as major factors affecting microbiota in the CP group, and with only location contribution in the FOS group. In the feces, relative to the FOS group, the CP group showed higher abundance of ChristensenellaceaeR-7 group and RuminococcaceaeUCG-010 and lower abundance of Mitsuokella and Olsenella (adjusted P < 0.05), a higher level of short-chain fatty acids and a lower level of lactate at both d 14 and 25 (P < 0.05), and more copy numbers of genes encoding key enzymes related to propionate (mmdA) and butyrate (BCoAT) production and lactate utilization (LcdA) (P < 0.05), indicating a greater degree of microbial carbohydrate fermentation. In the ileum, as compared with FOS, CP increased the bacteria with high capability of fermenting amino acids, including Escherichia-Shigella and Klebsiella (adjusted P < 0.05), and the expression of enzymes responsible for amino acid fermentation (i.e. lysine decarboxylase), as well as the amino acid fermentation products (cadaverine and tyramine) (P < 0.05), indicating a greater degree of amino acid fermentation. Overall, our results highlight a differential dynamic impact of dietary CP vs. FOS on microbial composition and metabolism in the gut. The dietary CP has a stronger ability to promote microbial amino acid fermentation in the ileum and carbohydrate fermentation in the feces than FOS. These findings provide a new insight into the role of different fibers in gut nutrition and guidelines for the choice of fibers in manipulating gut health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Zhang
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Chunlong Mu
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Shuai Liu
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Weiyun Zhu
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Corresponding author.
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12
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Xie Y, Sun H, Zhang C, Cheng Q, Zheng Y, Wang C, Xiao B, Li P, Chen C. Ambient ultraviolet radiation: A new factor affecting anaerobic fermentation of oat and subsequent methane emissions. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 355:127243. [PMID: 35489577 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the effect of ambient ultraviolet (UV) radiation on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau on anaerobic fermentation and subsequent methane emissions, oats grown under different ambient UV conditions (UV1, 100% ambient UV radiation; UV2, 50% ambient UV radiation) were fermented with molasses and Lactobacillus plantarum (LP) inoculant treatments. The UV2 treatment increased (P < 0.05) epiphytic bacterial counts and reduced (P < 0.05) the water-soluble carbohydrate contents of oat. Both the UV2 treatment and the LP inoculant substantially increased the abundance of Lactobacillus and inhibited detrimental microorganisms (enterobacteria and yeasts) during anaerobic fermentation, resulting in the absence of butyric acid. The UV2 treatment increased (P < 0.05) the acid detergent fiber contents after anaerobic fermentation and indirectly increased (P < 0.05) methane emissions by 8.52-14.69% during in vitro ruminal digestion. This study demonstrated that low ambient UV radiation during cultivation facilitated anaerobic fermentation and consequently enhanced subsequent methane emissions from the rumen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixiao Xie
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding & Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Hong Sun
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Changbing Zhang
- Sichuan Academy of Grassland Sciences, Chengdu 611431, China
| | - Qiming Cheng
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Yulong Zheng
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Chunmei Wang
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Bingxue Xiao
- Sichuan Academy of Grassland Sciences, Chengdu 611431, China
| | - Ping Li
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding & Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; Sichuan Academy of Grassland Sciences, Chengdu 611431, China.
| | - Chao Chen
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding & Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
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13
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Glasson CR, Kinley RD, de Nys R, King N, Adams SL, Packer MA, Svenson J, Eason CT, Magnusson M. Benefits and risks of including the bromoform containing seaweed Asparagopsis in feed for the reduction of methane production from ruminants. ALGAL RES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2022.102673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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14
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Vargas J, Ungerfeld E, Muñoz C, DiLorenzo N. Feeding Strategies to Mitigate Enteric Methane Emission from Ruminants in Grassland Systems. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:1132. [PMID: 35565559 PMCID: PMC9099456 DOI: 10.3390/ani12091132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ruminants produce approximately 30% of total anthropogenic methane emissions globally. The objective of this manuscript was to review nutritional enteric methane abatement practices for ruminants that are applicable under grazing conditions. A total of 1548 peer-reviewed research articles related to the abatement of enteric methane emissions were retrieved and classified into four categories: non-experimental, in vitro, in vivo confined, and in vivo grazing. The methane abatement strategies for grazing systems were arranged into grazing management and supplementation practices. Only 9% of the retrieved papers have been conducted under grazing conditions. Eight grazing management practices have been evaluated to reduce methane emissions. Decreasing the pre-grazing herbage mass reduced the methane emission per unit of product. Other grazing management practices such as increased stocking rate, decreased forage maturity, rotational stocking, and incorporating tannin-containing or non-tannin-containing feeds showed contradictory results. Nitrogen fertilization or silvopastoral systems did not modify methane emissions. Conversely, supplementation practices in grazing conditions showed contradictory responses on methane emissions. Lipid supplementation showed promising results and suggests applicability under grazing conditions. Identifying and implementing grazing strategies and supplementation practices under grazing conditions is required to increase efficiency and reduce the environmental impact of these systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Vargas
- Department of Animal Sciences, North Florida Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Marianna, FL 32443, USA;
| | - Emilio Ungerfeld
- Centro Regional de Investigación Carillanca, Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, Temuco 4880000, Chile;
| | - Camila Muñoz
- Centro Regional de Investigación Remehue, Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, Osorno 5290000, Chile;
| | - Nicolas DiLorenzo
- Department of Animal Sciences, North Florida Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Marianna, FL 32443, USA;
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15
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Rajesh PP, Christine P, Ghangrekar MM. Optimum dose of Chaetoceros for controlling methanogenesis to improve power production of microbial fuel cell. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2022; 85:257-264. [PMID: 35050881 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2021.510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The marine algae Chaetoceros contains hexadecatrienoic acid, which suppresses methanogen development and improves the coulombic efficiency (CE) of microbial fuel cells (MFC). To inhibit the methanogens, optimum concentration of marine algae should be added to the anaerobic sludge to enhance the performance of MFC. A varying concentration of Chaetoceros ranging from 1 to 20 mg/mL was carried out for pretreatment of an anaerobic-mix consortium to suppress methanogens. MFC inoculated with pretreated anaerobic sludge with 10 mg/mL Chaetoceros showed a maximum power density of 21.62 W/m3 and a maximum CE of 37.25%, which was considerably higher than the treatment with other concentrations. At 10 mg/mL concentration, Tafel analysis of the anode in the MFC showed a higher exchange current density of 66.35 mA/m2 and a lower charge transfer resistance of 0.97 Ω.m2, revealing higher bio-electrochemical activity. The performance of MFC improved when the concentration of Chaetoceros was increased up to 10 mg/mL, but then began to decline as the concentration increased further. Thus, the optimum dose of Chaetoceros to be added in the mix-anaerobic consortium to optimize the power performance of MFC was determined, which can be carried out in scaled-up MFCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- P P Rajesh
- PK Sinha Centre for Bioenergy, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India E-mail: ; Department of Biotechnology, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Kochi 682022, India
| | - P Christine
- Center for Green Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai 400019, India
| | - M M Ghangrekar
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
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16
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Fregulia P, Neves ALA, Dias RJP, Campos MM. A review of rumen parameters in bovines with divergent feed efficiencies: What do these parameters tell us about improving animal productivity and sustainability? Livest Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2021.104761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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17
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Dose-response effects of the Savory (Satureja khuzistanica) essential oil and extract on rumen fermentation characteristics, microbial protein synthesis and methane production in vitro. ANNALS OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.2478/aoas-2021-0084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to investigate dose-response effects of the essential oil (EO) and dry extract (EX) of Satureja khuzistanica (SK) on in vitro gas production kinetics, rumen fermentation, ruminal methanogenesis and microbial protein synthesis. So, EO and EX were tested at 0 (as control); 150 (low dose); 300, 450 (intermediate doses) and 600 mg/L (high dose). The gas produced over 24 h of incubation (GP24) decreased linearly with both EO and EX dosages (P<0.01). In vitro methane production was reduced by both EO (14–69%, depending on the included dose) and EX (7–58%). Microbial protein (MP) as well as the efficiency of microbial protein synthesis (EMPS) were improved by EO (18.8–49.8% and 20.4–61.5% for MP and EMPS, respectively) and to a lesser extent by EX (8.3–25.7% and 4.6–24.2% for MP and EMPS, respectively). Ammonia concentration was dropped in linear and quadratic manners with EO (P<0.05), and linearly with EX dosages (P<0.01). EO and EX exhibited depressive effects (in linear and quadratic (P<0.05), and linear manners (P<0.01), respectively) on total protozoa count. A mixed linear and quadratic effect was observed from both EO and EX on total VFA concentration (P<0.01). Total VFA concentration increased at 300 mg/L of EX, but decreased at high dose of both EO and EX. The acetate proportion increased with EO intermediate and high dosages, but it decreased at the expense of propionate at low and intermediate doses of EX. In total, these findings confirmed previous research on the great capacity of plant-based feed additives in positively modulating rumen fermentation that their effects may vary depending on the used doses. Specifically, these results suggest that EO and EX have high potentials to improve rumen functions at intermediate doses, which needs to be confirmed by in vivo experiments.
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18
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Roman-Garcia Y, Mitchell KE, Lee C, Socha MT, Park T, Wenner BA, Firkins JL. Conditions stimulating neutral detergent fiber degradation by dosing branched-chain volatile fatty acids. III: Relation with solid passage rate and pH on prokaryotic fatty acid profile and community in continuous culture. J Dairy Sci 2021; 104:9868-9885. [PMID: 34253360 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2021-20336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Our objectives were to evaluate potential interactions in culture conditions that influence how exogenously dosed branched-chain VFA (BCVFA) would be recovered as elongated fatty acids (FA) or would affect bacterial populations. A 2 × 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments evaluated 3 factors: (1) without versus with BCVFA (0 vs. 2 mmol/d each of isobutyrate, isovalerate, and 2-methylbutyrate; each dose was partially substituted with 13C-enriched tracers before and during the collection period); (2) high versus low pH (ranging diurnally from 6.3 to 6.8 vs. 5.7 to 6.2); and (3) low versus high particulate-phase passage rate (kp; 2.5 vs. 5.0%/h) in continuous cultures administered a 50:50 forage:concentrate diet twice daily. Samples of effluent were collected and composited before harvesting bacteria from which FA and DNA were extracted. Profiles and enrichments of FA in bacteria were evaluated by gas chromatography and isotope-ratio mass spectrometry. The 13C enrichment in bacterial FA was calculated as percentage recovery of dosed 13C-labeled BCVFA. Dosing BCVFA increased the even-chain iso-FA, preventing the reduced concentration at higher kp and potentially as a physiological response to decreased pH. However, decreasing pH decreased recovery of 13C in these even-chain FA, suggesting greater reliance on isobutyrate produced from degradation of dietary valine. The iso-FA were decreased, whereas anteiso-FA and 16:0 increased with decreasing pH. Thus, 2-methylbutyrate still appeared to be important as a precursor for anteiso-FA to counter the increased rigidity of bacterial membranes that had more saturated straight-chain FA when pH decreased. Provision of BCVFA stimulated the relative sequence abundance of Fibrobacter and Treponema, both of which require isobutyrate and 2-methylbutyrate. Numerous bacterial community members were shifted by low pH, including increased Prevotella and genera within the phylum Proteobacteria, at the expense of members within phylum Firmicutes. Because of relatively few interactions with pH and kp, supplementation of BCVFA can stimulate neutral detergent fiber degradability via key fibrolytic bacteria across a range of conditions. Decreasing pH shifted bacterial populations and their FA composition, suggesting that further research is needed to distinguish pH from dietary changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Roman-Garcia
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus 43210
| | - K E Mitchell
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus 43210
| | - C Lee
- Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Wooster 44691
| | - M T Socha
- Zinpro Corporation, Eden Prairie, MN 55344
| | - T Park
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus 43210
| | - B A Wenner
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus 43210
| | - J L Firkins
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus 43210.
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19
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Pang J, Liu L, Liu X, Wang Y, Chen B, Wu S, Yao J, Xu X. A novel identified Pseudomonas aeruginosa, which exhibited nitrate- and nitrite-dependent methane oxidation abilities, could alleviate the disadvantages caused by nitrate supplementation in rumen fluid fermentation. Microb Biotechnol 2021; 14:1397-1408. [PMID: 33305892 PMCID: PMC8313268 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.13726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
After the occurrence of nitrate-dependent anaerobic methane oxidation (AMO) in rumen fluid culture was proved, the organisms that perform the denitrifying anaerobic methane oxidizing (DAMO) process in the rumen of dairy goat were investigated by establishing two enrichment culture systems, which were supplied with methane as the sole carbon source and NaNO3 or NaNO2 as the electron acceptor. Several Operational Taxonomic Units (OTU) belonging to Proteobacteria became dominant in the two enrichment systems. The identified Pseudomonas aeruginosa, which was isolated from the NaNO2 enrichment system, could individually perform a whole denitrifying anaerobic methane oxidizing process. Further in vitro rumen fermentation showed that supplementation with the isolated P. aeruginosa could reduce methane emissions, alleviate the nitrite accumulation and prevent the decrease in propionic acid product caused by nitrate supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Pang
- College of Animal Science and TechnologyNorthwest A&F UniversityShaanxi712100China
| | - Lihui Liu
- College of Animal Science and TechnologyNorthwest A&F UniversityShaanxi712100China
| | - Xiaopeng Liu
- College of Animal Science and TechnologyNorthwest A&F UniversityShaanxi712100China
| | - Yi Wang
- College of Animal Science and TechnologyNorthwest A&F UniversityShaanxi712100China
| | - Bin Chen
- College of Animal Science and TechnologyNorthwest A&F UniversityShaanxi712100China
| | - Shengru Wu
- College of Animal Science and TechnologyNorthwest A&F UniversityShaanxi712100China
| | - Junhu Yao
- College of Animal Science and TechnologyNorthwest A&F UniversityShaanxi712100China
| | - Xiurong Xu
- College of Animal Science and TechnologyNorthwest A&F UniversityShaanxi712100China
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20
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Kaplan-Shabtai V, Indugu N, Hennessy ML, Vecchiarelli B, Bender JS, Stefanovski D, De Assis Lage CF, Räisänen SE, Melgar A, Nedelkov K, Fetter ME, Fernandez A, Spitzer A, Hristov AN, Pitta DW. Using Structural Equation Modeling to Understand Interactions Between Bacterial and Archaeal Populations and Volatile Fatty Acid Proportions in the Rumen. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:611951. [PMID: 34220728 PMCID: PMC8248675 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.611951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbial syntrophy (obligate metabolic mutualism) is the hallmark of energy-constrained anaerobic microbial ecosystems. For example, methanogenic archaea and fermenting bacteria coexist by interspecies hydrogen transfer in the complex microbial ecosystem in the foregut of ruminants; however, these synergistic interactions between different microbes in the rumen are seldom investigated. We hypothesized that certain bacteria and archaea interact and form specific microbial cohorts in the rumen. To this end, we examined the total (DNA-based) and potentially metabolically active (cDNA-based) bacterial and archaeal communities in rumen samples of dairy cows collected at different times in a 24 h period. Notably, we found the presence of distinct bacterial and archaeal networks showing potential metabolic interactions that were correlated with molar proportions of specific volatile fatty acids (VFAs). We employed hypothesis-driven structural equation modeling to test the significance of and to quantify the extent of these relationships between bacteria-archaea-VFAs in the rumen. Furthermore, we demonstrated that these distinct microbial networks were host-specific and differed between cows indicating a natural variation in specific microbial networks in the rumen of dairy cows. This study provides new insights on potential microbial metabolic interactions in anoxic environments that have broader applications in methane mitigation, energy conservation, and agricultural production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Kaplan-Shabtai
- Department of Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Kennett Square, PA, United States
| | - Nagaraju Indugu
- Department of Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Kennett Square, PA, United States
| | - Meagan Leslie Hennessy
- Department of Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Kennett Square, PA, United States
| | - Bonnie Vecchiarelli
- Department of Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Kennett Square, PA, United States
| | - Joseph Samuel Bender
- Department of Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Kennett Square, PA, United States
| | - Darko Stefanovski
- Department of Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Kennett Square, PA, United States
| | | | | | - Audino Melgar
- Department of Animal Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Krum Nedelkov
- Department of Animal Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Molly Elizabeth Fetter
- Department of Animal Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Andrea Fernandez
- Department of Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Kennett Square, PA, United States
| | - Addison Spitzer
- Department of Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Kennett Square, PA, United States
| | | | - Dipti Wilhelmina Pitta
- Department of Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Kennett Square, PA, United States
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21
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Arce-Cordero JA, Monteiro HF, Phillips H, Estes K, Faciola AP. Effects of unprotected choline chloride on microbial fermentation in a dual-flow continuous culture depend on dietary neutral detergent fiber concentration. J Dairy Sci 2020; 104:2966-2978. [PMID: 33358799 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-19089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Choline is usually supplemented as ruminally protected choline chloride to prevent its degradation in the rumen, but the effects of unprotected choline on ruminal fermentation are unclear. Some research indicates a possible role of dietary fiber on microbial degradation of choline; therefore we aimed to evaluate the effects of unprotected choline chloride on ruminal fermentation and to investigate whether those effects depend on dietary neutral detergent fiber (NDF) concentration. Our hypothesis was that dietary NDF concentration would influence choline chloride effects on microbial ruminal fermentation. We used 8 fermentors in a duplicated 4 × 4 Latin square with a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement, combining 2 factors: (1) dietary NDF concentration and (2) unprotected choline chloride supplementation. Resulting treatments are (1) 30%NDF/Ctrl [30% NDF control diet without supplemental choline (Cho)]; (2) 30%NDF/Cho [30% NDF diet plus 1.9 g of choline ion per kg of dry matter (DM)]; (3) 40%NDF/Ctrl (40% NDF control diet without supplemental choline); and (4) 40%NDF/Cho (40% NDF diet plus 1.9 g of choline ion per kg of DM). Four 10-d periods were completed, each consisting of 7 d for adaptation and 3 d for collection of samples for estimation of nutrient disappearance and daily average concentrations of volatile fatty acids and NH3-N. In addition, kinetics of pH, acetate, and propionate were evaluated at 0, 1, 2, 4, 6, and 8 h after morning feeding. On the last day of each period, bacteria pellets were harvested for 15N analysis and N metabolism. Fixed effects of dietary NDF concentration, unprotected choline chloride supplementation, and their interaction (NDF × Cho) were tested using the MIXED procedure of SAS version 9.4 (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC). Choline tended to increase total volatile fatty acid concentrations and decreased acetate molar proportion regardless of dietary NDF concentration, but it increased propionate molar proportion and decreased acetate to propionate ratio only with the 30% NDF diet. Supplementing choline decreased NDF disappearance regardless of dietary NDF; however, organic matter disappearance tended to be reduced only when choline was added to 40% NDF. Our data indicate that unprotected choline chloride effects on ruminal fermentation depend on dietary NDF concentration, allowing for a greater propionate synthesis without decreasing organic matter disappearance when fed with a 30% NDF diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Arce-Cordero
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville 32611
| | - H F Monteiro
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville 32611
| | - H Phillips
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville 32611
| | - K Estes
- Balchem Corporation, New Hampton, NY 10958
| | - A P Faciola
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville 32611.
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22
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Okuhira K, Koike S, Ito S, Kobayashi Y. The bio-surfactant mannosylerythritol lipid acts as a selective antibacterial agent to modulate rumen fermentation. Anim Sci J 2020; 91:e13464. [PMID: 33021004 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Methyl-mannosylerythritol lipid (MEL), a new sugar esterified lipid synthesized by Pseudozyma aphidis, was assessed for its functionality in modulating rumen fermentation and microbiota toward more propionate and less methane production. A pure culture study using rumen representatives showed that MEL selectively inhibited the growth of most Gram-positive bacteria including Streptococcus bovis, ruminococci, and Fibrobacter succinogenes, but not Gram-negative bacteria such as Megasphaera elsdenii, Succinivibrio dextrinosolvens, and Selenomonas ruminantium. A batch culture study revealed that MEL significantly decreased methane production in a dose-dependent manner with accumulation of hydrogen, while propionate production was enhanced. A continuous culture (Rusitec) study confirmed all of these changes. A feeding study revealed that sheep fed a MEL diet showed an increased proportion of propionate, while proportions of acetate and butyrate were decreased without affecting total VFA level. These changes disappeared after cessation of MEL feeding. Based on these results, dietary application of MEL can favorably modify rumen fermentation in terms of the efficiency of dietary energy utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kana Okuhira
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Koike
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Shinji Ito
- Agri-bio Business Division, Idemitsu Kosan Co., Ltd, Sodegaura, Japan
| | - Yasuo Kobayashi
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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23
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Wang W, M. Ungerfeld E, Degen AA, Jing X, Guo W, Zhou J, Huang X, Mudassar S, Shi F, Bi S, Ding L, Shang Z, Long R. Ratios of rumen inoculum from Tibetan and Small-tailed Han sheep influenced in vitro fermentation and digestibility. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2020.114562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Wenner BA, Wagner BK, St-Pierre NR, Yu ZT, Firkins JL. Inhibition of methanogenesis by nitrate, with or without defaunation, in continuous culture. J Dairy Sci 2020; 103:7124-7140. [PMID: 32600762 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-18325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Within the rumen, nitrate can serve as an alternative sink for aqueous hydrogen [H2(aq)] accumulating during fermentation, producing nitrite, which ideally is further reduced to ammonium but can accumulate under conditions not yet explained. Defaunation has also been associated with decreased methanogenesis in meta-analyses because protozoa contribute significantly to H2 production. In the present study, we applied a 2 × 2 factorial treatment arrangement in a 4 × 4 Latin square design to dual-flow continuous culture fermentors (n = 4). Treatments were control without nitrate (-NO3-) versus with nitrate (+NO3-; 1.5% of diet dry matter), factorialized with normal protozoa (faunated, FAUN) versus defaunation (DEF) by decreasing the temperature moderately and changing filters over the first 4 d of incubation. We detected no main effects of DEF or interaction of faunation status with +NO3-. The main effect of +NO3- increased H2(aq) by 11.0 µM (+117%) compared with -NO3-. The main effect of +NO3- also decreased daily CH4 production by 8.17 mmol CH4/d (31%) compared with -NO3-. Because there were no treatment effects on neutral detergent fiber digestibility, the main effect of +NO3- also decreased CH4 production by 1.43 mmol of CH4/g of neutral detergent fiber degraded compared with -NO3-. There were no effects of treatment on other nutrient digestibilities, N flow, or microbial N flow per gram of nutrient digested. The spike in H2(aq) after feeding NO3- provides evidence that methanogenesis is inhibited by substrate access rather than concentration, regardless of defaunation, or by direct inhibition of NO2-. Methanogens were not decreased by defaunation, suggesting a compensatory increase in non-protozoa-associated methanogens or an insignificant contribution of protozoa-associated methanogens. Despite adaptive reduction of NO3- to NH4+ and methane inhibition in continuous culture, practical considerations such as potential to depress dry matter intake and on-farm ration variability should be addressed before considering NO3- as an avenue for greater sustainability of greenhouse gas emissions in US dairy production.
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Affiliation(s)
- B A Wenner
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus 43210.
| | - B K Wagner
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus 43210
| | - N R St-Pierre
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus 43210
| | - Z T Yu
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus 43210
| | - J L Firkins
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus 43210
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25
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Ungerfeld EM. Metabolic Hydrogen Flows in Rumen Fermentation: Principles and Possibilities of Interventions. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:589. [PMID: 32351469 PMCID: PMC7174568 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Rumen fermentation affects ruminants productivity and the environmental impact of ruminant production. The release to the atmosphere of methane produced in the rumen is a loss of energy and a cause of climate change, and the profile of volatile fatty acids produced in the rumen affects the post-absorptive metabolism of the host animal. Rumen fermentation is shaped by intracellular and intercellular flows of metabolic hydrogen centered on the production, interspecies transfer, and incorporation of dihydrogen into competing pathways. Factors that affect the growth of methanogens and the rate of feed fermentation impact dihydrogen concentration in the rumen, which in turn controls the balance between pathways that produce and incorporate metabolic hydrogen, determining methane production and the profile of volatile fatty acids. A basic kinetic model of competition for dihydrogen is presented, and possibilities for intervention to redirect metabolic hydrogen from methanogenesis toward alternative useful electron sinks are discussed. The flows of metabolic hydrogen toward nutritionally beneficial sinks could be enhanced by adding to the rumen fermentation electron acceptors or direct fed microbials. It is proposed to screen hydrogenotrophs for dihydrogen thresholds and affinities, as well as identifying and studying microorganisms that produce and utilize intercellular electron carriers other than dihydrogen. These approaches can allow identifying potential microbial additives to compete with methanogens for metabolic hydrogen. The combination of adequate microbial additives or electron acceptors with inhibitors of methanogenesis can be effective approaches to decrease methane production and simultaneously redirect metabolic hydrogen toward end products of fermentation with a nutritional value for the host animal. The design of strategies to redirect metabolic hydrogen from methane to other sinks should be based on knowledge of the physicochemical control of rumen fermentation pathways. The application of new –omics techniques together with classical biochemistry methods and mechanistic modeling can lead to exciting developments in the understanding and manipulation of the flows of metabolic hydrogen in rumen fermentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilio M Ungerfeld
- Laboratorio de Fermentación Ruminal, Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias (INIA), Centro Regional Carillanca, Temuco, Chile
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26
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Mitsumori M, Hasunuma T, Okimura T, Shinkai T, Kobayashi Y, Hirako M, Kushibiki S. Theoretical turnover rate of the rumen liquid fraction in dairy cows and its relationship to feed intake, rumen fermentation, and milk production. Anim Sci J 2019; 90:1556-1566. [PMID: 31650688 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Ruminant animals are able to convert plant materials (grain and the human-indigestible portion of carbohydrates) to milk and meat. In this conversion, most of the plant materials are digested by rumen fermentation and are changed to short-chain fatty acids, microbial cells, and methane, which is released into the atmosphere. The relationships among feed, rumen fermentation, and milk production are poorly understood. Here we report a novel indicator of characteristics of rumen fermentation, theoretical turnover rate (TTOR) of the rumen liquid fraction. The TTOR was calculated from the presumed rumen volume (PRV) which is estimated by dividing the methane yield by the methane concentration of rumen fluid. The formula for the TTOR is: TTOR = PRV/body weight0.75 . Our present analyses confirm that the TTOR as an indicator is capable of connecting feed, rumen fermentation, and milk production, because dry matter intake/TTOR showed a strong correlation with milk yield/TTOR. In addition, the TTOR may be related to ruminal pH, as we observed that the ruminal pH decreased as the TTOR increased. We propose that the TTOR is a factor characterizing rumen fermentation and a good indicator of the productivity of ruminants and dysbiosis of the rumen microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Mitsumori
- Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Toshiya Hasunuma
- Toyama Prefectural Agricultural, Forestry and Fisheries Research Center, Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Tomoko Okimura
- Toyama Prefectural Agricultural, Forestry and Fisheries Research Center, Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Takumi Shinkai
- Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yosuke Kobayashi
- Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Makoto Hirako
- Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Shiro Kushibiki
- Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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27
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Natel AS, Abdalla AL, de Araujo RC, McManus C, Paim TDP, de Abdalla Filho AL, Louvandini P, Nazato C. Encapsulated nitrate replacing soybean meal changes in vitro ruminal fermentation and methane production in diets differing in concentrate to forage ratio. Anim Sci J 2019; 90:1350-1361. [PMID: 31393669 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of using encapsulated nitrate product (ENP) replacing soybean meal in diets differing in concentrate to forage ratio on ruminal fermentation and methane production in vitro using a semi-automatic gas production technique. Eight treatments were used in a randomized complete design with a 2 × 4 factorial arrangement: two diet (20C:80F and 80C:20F concentrate to forage ratio) and four levels of ENP addition (0%, 1.5%, 3.0%, and 4.5% of DM) replacing soybean meal. There was a diet × ENP interaction (p = 0.02) for methane production. According to ENP addition, diets with 80C:20F showed more intense reduction on methane production that 20C:80F. A negative linear effect was observed for propionate production with ENP addition in diet with 80C:20F and to the relative abundance of methanogens Archaea, in both diet. The replacement of soybean meal by ENP in levels up to 3% of DM inhibited methane production due to a reduction in the methanogens community without affecting the organic matter degradability. However, ENP at 4.5% of DM level affected fiber degradability, abundance of cellulolytic bacteria, and propionic acid production, indicating that this level of inclusion is not recommended for ruminant production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andressa Santanna Natel
- Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Centre for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adibe Luiz Abdalla
- Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Centre for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Concepta McManus
- Institute of Biology, University of Brasília, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | | | - Adibe Luiz de Abdalla Filho
- Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Centre for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Louvandini
- Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Centre for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carina Nazato
- Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Centre for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
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28
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Wang R, Si HB, Wang M, Lin B, Deng JP, Tan LW, Liu WX, Sun XZ, Teklebrhan T, Tan ZL. Effects of elemental magnesium and magnesium oxide on hydrogen, methane and volatile fatty acids production in in vitro rumen batch cultures. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2019.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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29
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Li Y, Li Y, Jin W, Sharpton TJ, Mackie RI, Cann I, Cheng Y, Zhu W. Combined Genomic, Transcriptomic, Proteomic, and Physiological Characterization of the Growth of Pecoramyces sp. F1 in Monoculture and Co-culture With a Syntrophic Methanogen. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:435. [PMID: 30894845 PMCID: PMC6414434 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, the effects of a syntrophic methanogen on the growth of Pecoramyces sp. F1 was investigated by characterizing fermentation profiles, as well as functional genomic, transcriptomic, and proteomic analysis. The estimated genome size, GC content, and protein coding regions of strain F1 are 106.83 Mb, 16.07%, and 23.54%, respectively. Comparison of the fungal monoculture with the methanogen co-culture demonstrated that during the fermentation of glucose, the co-culture initially expressed and then down-regulated a large number of genes encoding both enzymes involved in intermediate metabolism and plant cell wall degradation. However, the number of up-regulated proteins doubled at the late-growth stage in the co-culture. In addition, we provide a mechanistic understanding of the metabolism of this fungus in co-culture with a syntrophic methanogen. Further experiments are needed to explore this interaction during degradation of more complex plant cell wall substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanfei Li
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuqi Li
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Jin
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Thomas J Sharpton
- Department of Microbiology - Department of Statistics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Roderick I Mackie
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, United States
| | - Isaac Cann
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, United States.,Department of Microbiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, United States.,Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, United States.,Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, United States
| | - Yanfen Cheng
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Weiyun Zhu
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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30
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Zhang X, Wang M, Wang R, Ma Z, Long D, Mao H, Wen J, Bernard LA, Beauchemin KA, Tan Z. Urea plus nitrate pretreatment of rice and wheat straws enhances degradation and reduces methane production in in vitro ruminal culture. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2018; 98:5205-5211. [PMID: 29635854 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.9056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Revised: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Urea pretreatment of straw damages fiber structure, while nitrate supplementation of ruminal diets inhibits enteric methane production. The study examined the combined effects of these treatments on ruminal substrate biodegradation and methane production using an in vitro incubation system. Rice and wheat straws were pretreated with urea (40 g kg-1 straw dry matter, DM) and urea + ammonium nitrate (34 + 6 g kg-1 dry matter (DM), respectively), and each straw (control, urea, urea+nitrate) was used in batch culture incubations in three replications (runs). RESULTS Urea pretreatment increased (P < 0.05) neutral-detergent solubles (NDS) content (+17%) and in vitro DM degradation of rice straw, in comparison with control. Urea+nitrate pretreatment of rice and wheat straws had higher (P < 0.05) NDS content, in vitro DM degradation and propionate molar proportion, and lower (P < 0.05) acetate:propionate ratio and lower methane production with a decline of methanogens, in comparison to control. CONCLUSIONS Urea+nitrate pretreatment combines positive effects of urea pretreatment and nitrate supplementation, and can be a potential strategy to improve ruminal biodegradation, facilitate propionate production and reduce methane production from lignified straws. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiumin Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Sciences, South Central Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in the Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Min Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Sciences, South Central Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in the Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
- Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, CICAPS, Changsha, China
| | - Rong Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Sciences, South Central Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in the Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Zhiyuan Ma
- CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Sciences, South Central Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in the Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Donglei Long
- CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Sciences, South Central Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in the Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Hongxiang Mao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Sciences, South Central Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in the Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Jiangnan Wen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Sciences, South Central Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in the Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | | | - Karen A Beauchemin
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Lethbridge, Canada
| | - Zhiliang Tan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Sciences, South Central Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in the Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
- Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, CICAPS, Changsha, China
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31
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Castillo-Lopez E, Jenkins CJR, Aluthge ND, Tom W, Kononoff PJ, Fernando SC. The effect of regular or reduced-fat distillers grains with solubles on rumen methanogenesis and the rumen bacterial community. J Appl Microbiol 2017; 123:1381-1395. [PMID: 28891118 DOI: 10.1111/jam.13583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Revised: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 09/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The effect of feeding dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS) or reduced-fat DDGS (RFDG) on ruminal methanogenesis and the rumen bacterial community of dairy cattle was evaluated. METHODS AND RESULTS Treatments were CONT, a diet with no distillers grains; DG, inclusion of 20% DDGS; rfDG, inclusion of 20% RFDG; and MIX, inclusion of 10% DDGS and 10% RFDG. Methane emission was measured; rumen bacterial community was evaluated by sequencing the V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene. Total methane production remained unaffected. However, feeding distillers grains tended to reduce methanogenesis per unit of feed intake, decreased the abundance of the phylum Bacteroidetes and tended to increase Firmicutes. The abundance of Prevotellaceae positively correlated with feed intake; methane emission was positively correlated with the abundance of Prevotellaceae and was negatively correlated with the abundance of Succinivibrionaceae. CONCLUSIONS DDGS or RFDG may reduce methanogenesis per unit of feed intake; shifts in the abundance of predominant ruminal bacterial families may influence methane formation, likely because of their role on hydrogen liberation and utilization pathways. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Replacing corn and soybean meal with DDGS or RFDG in dairy rations may reduce the proportion of dietary energy wasted as methane, without detrimental effects on the overall bacterial population.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Castillo-Lopez
- Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlan, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Cuautitlan, Mexico
| | - C J R Jenkins
- Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - N D Aluthge
- Food Science and Technology Department, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - W Tom
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - P J Kononoff
- Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - S C Fernando
- Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
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32
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Martinez-Fernandez G, Denman SE, Cheung J, McSweeney CS. Phloroglucinol Degradation in the Rumen Promotes the Capture of Excess Hydrogen Generated from Methanogenesis Inhibition. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:1871. [PMID: 29051749 PMCID: PMC5633678 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Strategies to manage metabolic hydrogen ([H]) in the rumen should be considered when reducing ruminant methane (CH4) emissions. However, little is known about the use of dietary treatments to stimulate rumen microorganisms capable of capturing the [H] available when CH4 is inhibited in vivo. The effects of the phenolic compound phloroglucinol on CH4 production, [H] flows and subsequent responses in rumen fermentation and microbial community composition when methanogenesis is inhibited were investigated in cattle. Eight rumen fistulated Brahman steers were randomly allocated in two groups receiving chloroform as an antimethanogenic compound for 21 days. Following that period one group received chloroform + phloroglucinol for another 16 days, whilst the other group received only chloroform during the same period. The chloroform treatment resulted in a decrease in CH4 production and an increase in H2 expelled with a shift in rumen fermentation toward higher levels of propionate and formate and lower levels of acetate at day 21 of treatment. Bacterial operational taxonomic units (OTUs) assigned to Prevotella were promoted whilst Archaea and Synergistetes OTUs were decreased with the chloroform treatment as expected. The shift toward formate coincided with increases in Ruminococcus flavefaciens, Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens, and Methanobrevibacter ruminantium species. The addition of chloroform + phloroglucinol in the rumen resulted in a decrease of H2 expelled (g) per kg of DMI and moles of H2 expelled per mol of CH4 decreased compared with the chloroform only treated animals. A shift toward acetate and a decrease in formate were observed for the chloroform + phloroglucinol-treated animals at day 37. These changes in the rumen fermentation profile were accompanied by a relative increase of OTUs assigned to Coprococcus spp., which could suggest this genus is a significant contributor to the metabolism of this phenolic compound in the rumen. This study demonstrates for the first time in vivo that under methanogenesis inhibition, H2 gas accumulation can be decreased by redirecting [H] toward alternative sinks through the nutritional stimulation of specific microbial groups. This results in the generation of metabolites of value for the host while also helping to maintain a low H2 partial pressure in the methane-inhibited rumen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonzalo Martinez-Fernandez
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Agriculture and Food, Queensland Bioscience Precinct, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Stuart E Denman
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Agriculture and Food, Queensland Bioscience Precinct, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Jane Cheung
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Agriculture and Food, Queensland Bioscience Precinct, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Christopher S McSweeney
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Agriculture and Food, Queensland Bioscience Precinct, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
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Bagi Z, Ács N, Böjti T, Kakuk B, Rákhely G, Strang O, Szuhaj M, Wirth R, Kovács KL. Biomethane: The energy storage, platform chemical and greenhouse gas mitigation target. Anaerobe 2017; 46:13-22. [PMID: 28341558 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2017.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Revised: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Results in three areas of anaerobic microbiology in which methane formation and utilization plays central part are reviewed. a.) Bio-methane formation by reduction of carbon dioxide in the power-to-gas process and the various possibilities of improvement of the process is a very intensively studied topic recently. From the numerous potential methods of exploiting methane of biological origin two aspects are discussed in detail. b.) Methane can serve as a platform chemical in various chemical and biochemical synthetic processes. Particular emphasis is put on the biochemical conversion pathways involving methanotrophs and their methane monooxygenase-catalyzed reactions leading to various small molecules and polymeric materials such as extracellular polysaccharides, polyhydroxyalkanoates and proteins. c.) The third area covered concerns methane-consuming reactions and methane emission mitigation. These investigations comprise the anaerobic microbiology of ruminants and approaches to diminishing methane emissions from ruminant animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoltán Bagi
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Szeged, Közép Fasor 52, Szeged 6726, Hungary.
| | - Norbert Ács
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Szeged, Közép Fasor 52, Szeged 6726, Hungary.
| | - Tamás Böjti
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Szeged, Közép Fasor 52, Szeged 6726, Hungary.
| | - Balázs Kakuk
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Szeged, Közép Fasor 52, Szeged 6726, Hungary.
| | - Gábor Rákhely
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Szeged, Közép Fasor 52, Szeged 6726, Hungary; Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Center, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Temesvári Krt. 62, Szeged 6726, Hungary.
| | - Orsolya Strang
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Szeged, Közép Fasor 52, Szeged 6726, Hungary.
| | - Márk Szuhaj
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Szeged, Közép Fasor 52, Szeged 6726, Hungary.
| | - Roland Wirth
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Szeged, Közép Fasor 52, Szeged 6726, Hungary.
| | - Kornél L Kovács
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Szeged, Közép Fasor 52, Szeged 6726, Hungary; Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Center, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Temesvári Krt. 62, Szeged 6726, Hungary; Department of Oral Biology and Experimental Dental Research, University of Szeged, Tisza L. Krt. 64, Szeged 6720, Hungary.
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34
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Wang M, Ungerfeld EM, Wang R, Zhou CS, Basang ZZ, Ao SM, Tan ZL. Supersaturation of Dissolved Hydrogen and Methane in Rumen of Tibetan Sheep. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:850. [PMID: 27379028 PMCID: PMC4906022 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen (H2) is an essential substrate for methanogens to produce methane (CH4), and also influences pathways of volatile fatty acids (VFA) production in the rumen. Dissolved H2 (H2 (aq)) is the form of H2 available to microbes, and dissolved CH4 (CH4 (aq)) is important for indicating methanogens activity. Rumen H2 (aq) concentration has been estimated by assuming equilibrium with headspace gaseous H2 (H2 (g)) concentration using Henry's law, and has also been directly measured in the liquid phase in some in vitro and in vivo experiments. In this in vivo study, H2 (aq) and CH4 (aq) concentration measured directly in rumen fluid and their corresponding concentrations estimated from their gaseous phase concentrations, were compared to investigate the existence of equilibrium between the gas and liquid phases. Twenty-four Tibetan sheep were randomly assigned to two mixed diets containing the same concentrate mixed with oat grass (OG diet) or barley straw (BS diet). Rumen gaseous phase and contents were sampled using rumenocentesis and oral stomach tubing, respectively. Rumen H2 (aq) and CH4 (aq) concentration and VFA profile differed between sheep fed OG and BS diets. Measured H2 (aq) and CH4 (aq) concentration were greater than H2 (aq) and CH4 (aq) concentrations estimated using gas concentrations, indicating lack of equilibrium between gas and liquid phase and supersaturation of H2 and CH4 in rumen fluid. As a consequence, Gibbs energy changes (ΔG) estimated for various metabolic pathways were different when calculated using dissolved gases concentrations directly measured and when using dissolved gases concentrations assuming equilibrium with the gaseous phase. Dissolved CH4, but not CH4 (g), was positively correlated with H2 (aq). Both H2 (aq) and H2 (g) concentrations were positively correlated with the molar percentage of butyrate and negatively correlated with the molar percentage of acetate. In summary, rumen fluid was supersaturated with both H2 and CH4, and H2 (aq) was closely associated with the VFA profile and CH4 (aq) concentration. The assumption of equilibrium between dissolved gases and gaseous phase affected ΔG estimation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Wang
- Key Laboratory for Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, South Central Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of SciencesChangsha, China; Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production SafetyChangsha, China; Graduate University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China
| | | | - Rong Wang
- Key Laboratory for Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, South Central Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences Changsha, China
| | - Chuan She Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, South Central Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences Changsha, China
| | - Zhu Zha Basang
- Department of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Science Lhasa, China
| | - Si Man Ao
- Department of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Science Lhasa, China
| | - Zhi Liang Tan
- Key Laboratory for Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, South Central Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of SciencesChangsha, China; Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production SafetyChangsha, China
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