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Trotsko N. Thiazolidin-4-Ones as a Promising Scaffold in the Development of Antibiofilm Agents-A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:325. [PMID: 38203498 PMCID: PMC10778874 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Thiazolidin-4-ones have a broad range of medical and clinical implementation, which is important for pharmaceutical and medicinal chemistry. This heterocyclic core has been reported to possess a diversity of bioactivities, including antimicrobial and antibiofilm-forming potential. The resistance of biofilms to antibiotics or disinfectants is a serious medical problem. Therefore, there is a natural need to discover new effective structures with properties that inhibit biofilm formation. This review aims to analyze the antibiofilm features of thiazolidin-4-ones described in the literature over the last two decades. The information gathered in this review could benefit the rational design of new effective antibiofilm small molecules with thiazolidin-4-one cores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazar Trotsko
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, 4A Chodźki Street, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
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2
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Zwilling JD, Whitham J, Zambrano F, Pifano A, Grunden A, Jameel H, Venditti R, Gonzalez R. Survivability of Salmonella Typhimurium (ATCC 14208) and Listeria innocua (ATCC 51742) on lignocellulosic materials for paper packaging. Heliyon 2023; 9:e14122. [PMID: 36950652 PMCID: PMC10025085 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Lignocellulosic materials are widely used for food packaging due to their renewable and biodegradable nature. However, their porous and absorptive properties can lead to the uptake and retention of bacteria during food processing, transportation, and storage, which pose a potential risk for outbreaks of foodborne disease. Thus, it is of great importance to understand how bacteria proliferate and survive on lignocellulosic surfaces. The aim of this research was to compare the growth and survivability of Salmonella Typhimurium and Listeria innocua on bleached and unbleached paper packaging materials. Two different paper materials were fabricated to simulate linerboard from fully bleached and unbleached market pulps and inoculated with each bacterium at high bacterial loads (107 CFU). The bacteria propagated during the first 48 h of incubation and persisted at very high levels (>107 CFU/cm2) for 40 days for all paper and bacterium types. However, the unbleached paper allowed for a greater degree of bacterial growth to occur compared to bleached paper, suspected to be due to the more hydrophobic nature of the unbleached, lignin-containing fibers. Several other considerations may also alter the behavior of bacteria on lignocellulosic materials, such as storage conditions, nutrient availability, and chemical composition of the fibers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob D. Zwilling
- Department of Forest Biomaterials, North Carolina State University, Biltmore Hall, Campus Box 8005, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Jason Whitham
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, 4550A Thomas Hall, Campus Box 7612, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Franklin Zambrano
- Department of Forest Biomaterials, North Carolina State University, Biltmore Hall, Campus Box 8005, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Alonzo Pifano
- Department of Forest Biomaterials, North Carolina State University, Biltmore Hall, Campus Box 8005, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Amy Grunden
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, 4550A Thomas Hall, Campus Box 7612, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Hasan Jameel
- Department of Forest Biomaterials, North Carolina State University, Biltmore Hall, Campus Box 8005, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Richard Venditti
- Department of Forest Biomaterials, North Carolina State University, Biltmore Hall, Campus Box 8005, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Ronalds Gonzalez
- Department of Forest Biomaterials, North Carolina State University, Biltmore Hall, Campus Box 8005, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
- Corresponding author.
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3
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Schmid PJ, Maitz S, Plank N, Knaipp E, Pölzl S, Kittinger C. Fiber-based food packaging materials in view of bacterial growth and survival capacities. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1099906. [PMID: 36778857 PMCID: PMC9909220 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1099906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding interactions of bacteria with fiber-based packaging materials is fundamental for appropriate food packaging. We propose a laboratory model to evaluate microbial growth and survival in liquid media solely consisting of packaging materials with different fiber types. We evaluated food contaminating species (Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus), two packaging material isolates and bacterial endospores for their growth abilities. Growth capacities differed substantially between the samples as well as between bacterial strains. Growth and survival were strongest for the packaging material entirely made of recycled fibers (secondary food packaging) with up to 10.8 log10 CFU/ml for the packaging isolates. Among the food contaminating species, B. cereus and E. coli could grow in the sample of entirely recycled fibers with maxima of 6.1 log10 and 8.6 log10 CFU/mL, respectively. Escherichia coli was the only species that was able to grow in bleached fresh fibers up to 7.0 log10 CFU/mL. Staphylococcus aureus perished in all samples and was undetectable after 1-6 days after inoculation, depending on the sample. The packaging material strains were isolated from recycled fibers and could grow only in samples containing recycled fibers, indicating an adaption to this environment. Spores germinated only in the completely recycled sample. Additionally, microbial digestion of cellulose and xylan might not be a crucial factor for growth. This is the first study describing bacterial growth in food packaging materials itself and proposing functionalization strategies toward active food packaging through pH-lowering.
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Turechek WW, Winterbottom C, Meyer-Jertberg M, Wang H. Survival of Xanthomonas fragariae on Common Materials. PLANT DISEASE 2023; 107:116-124. [PMID: 35640956 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-03-22-0719-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Xanthomonas fragariae causes strawberry angular leaf spot (ALS), an important disease for the strawberry nursery industry in North America. To identify potential inoculum sources, the survival of X. fragariae was examined on the surfaces of 11 common materials found in nurseries: corrugated cardboard, cotton balls, cotton cloth (t-shirt), strawberry leaf, sheet metal, plastic, rubber, Tyvek, wood (balsa), glass (microscope slide), and latex (latex glove). Prefabricated rectangular samples (7.62 by 2.54 cm) of each material were immersed in a bacterial suspension for 15 min, after which the samples were stored at approximately 20°C (room temperature) or -4°C (the cold storage temperature for dormant plants in strawberry nurseries) for 1, 3, 7, 14, 30, 60, 90, 180, 270, and 365 days after inoculation (DAI). After the storage period elapsed, bacteria were recovered from the surfaces of each of the samples with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS)-soaked cotton balls. Survival rate was determined with a viability real-time quantitative PCR procedure and in a plant bioassay that involved rub inoculation of strawberry leaflets with the PBS-soaked cotton balls used to recover bacteria from the samples. Results showed that X. fragariae could survive on all surfaces but that survival rate differed among materials and storage temperature. All materials were capable of harboring viable bacteria up to 7 DAI when stored at -4°C based on the formation of lesions on inoculated leaves in the plant bioassay. The longest survival observed was 270 DAI on cardboard stored at -4°C. At room temperature, cardboard, cotton balls, cotton t-shirt, and strawberry leaf tissue supported small bacterial populations up to 14 DAI. The information from this study can be used to improve sanitation practices for ALS management in strawberry nurseries.
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Affiliation(s)
- William W Turechek
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Horticultural Research Laboratory, Fort Pierce, FL
| | | | | | - Hehe Wang
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Clemson University, Blackville, SC
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5
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Anti-Biofilm Activity of Cannabigerol against Streptococcus mutans. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9102031. [PMID: 34683353 PMCID: PMC8539625 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9102031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus mutans is a common cariogenic bacterium in the oral cavity involved in plaque formation. Previous studies showed that Cannabigerol (CBG) has bacteriostatic and bacteriocidic activity against S. mutans. The aim of the present study was to study its effect on S. mutans biofilm formation and dispersion. S. mutans was cultivated in the presence of CBG, and the resulting biofilms were examined by CV staining, MTT assay, qPCR, biofilm tracer, optical profilometry, and SEM. Gene expression was determined by real-time qPCR, extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) production was determined by Congo Red, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were determined using DCFH-DA. CBG prevented the biofilm formation of S. mutans shown by reduced biofilm biomass, decreased biofilm thickness, less EPS production, reduced DNA content, diminished metabolic activity, and increased ROS levels. CBG altered the biofilm roughness profile, resulting in a smoother biofilm surface. When treating preformed biofilms, CBG reduced the metabolic activity of S. mutans with a transient effect on the biomass. CBG reduced the expression of various genes involved in essential metabolic pathways related to the cariogenic properties of S. mutans biofilms. Our data show that CBG has anti-biofilm activities against S. mutans and might be a potential drug for preventive treatment of dental caries.
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Han R, Yu C, Tang X, Yu S, Song M, Shen F, Fu P, Hu W, Du L, Wang X, Herrmann H, Wu Y. Release of inhalable particles and viable microbes to the air during packaging peeling: Emission profiles and mechanisms. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 285:117338. [PMID: 34051562 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Packaging is necessary for preserving and delivering products and has significant impacts on human health and the environment. Particle matter (PM) may be released from packages and transferred to the air during a typical peeling process, but little is known about this package-to-air migration route of particles. Here, we investigated the emission profiles of total and biological particles, and the horizontal and vertical dispersion abilities and community structure of viable microbes released from packaging to the air by peeling. The results revealed that a lot of inhalable particles and viable microbes were released from package to the air in different migration directions, and this migration can be regulated by several factors including package material, effective peeling area, peeling speed and angles, as well as the characteristics of the migrant itself. Dispersal of package-borne viable microbes provides direct evidence that viable microbes, including pathogens, can survive the aerosolization caused by peeling and be transferred to air over different distances while remaining alive. Based on the experimental data and visual proof in movies, we speculate that nonbiological particles are package fibers fractured and released to air by the external peeling force exerted on the package and that microbe dispersal is attributed to surface-borne microbe suspension by vibration caused by the peeling force. This investigation provides new information that aerosolized particles can deliver package-borne substances and viable microbes from packaging to the ambient environment, motivating further studies to characterize the health effects of such aerosolized particles and the geographic migration of microbes via packaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruining Han
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Chenglin Yu
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Xuening Tang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Song Yu
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Min Song
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Fangxia Shen
- School of Space and Environment, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Pingqing Fu
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Wei Hu
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Lin Du
- Environmental Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Xinfeng Wang
- Environmental Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Hartmut Herrmann
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China; Atmospheric Chemistry Department (ACD), Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research, 04318, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Yan Wu
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China.
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Aqawi M, Sionov RV, Gallily R, Friedman M, Steinberg D. Anti-Bacterial Properties of Cannabigerol Toward Streptococcus mutans. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:656471. [PMID: 33967995 PMCID: PMC8100047 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.656471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) is a gram-positive facultatively anaerobic bacterium and the most common pathogen associated with tooth caries. The organism is acid tolerant and can undergo physiological adaptation to function effectively in acid environments such as carious dental plaque. Some cannabinoids have been found to have potent anti-microbial activity against gram-positive bacteria. One of these is the non-psychoactive, minor phytocannabinoid Cannabigerol (CBG). Here we show that CBG exhibits anti-bacterial activities against S. mutans. CBG halts the proliferation of planktonic growing S. mutans, which is affected by the initial cell density. High-resolution scanning electron microscopy showed that the CBG-treated bacteria become swollen with altered membrane structures. Transmission electron microscopy provided data showing that CBG treatment leads to intracellular accumulation of membrane structures. Nile red, DiOC2(3) and laurdan staining demonstrated that CBG alters the membrane properties, induces membrane hyperpolarization, and decreases the membrane fluidity. CBG-treated bacteria showed increased propidium iodide uptake and reduced calcein AM staining, suggesting that CBG increases the membrane permeability and reduces the metabolic activity. Furthermore, CBG prevented the drop in pH caused by the bacteria. In summary, we present here data showing the mechanisms by which CBG exerts its anti-bacterial effect against S. mutans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muna Aqawi
- Biofilm Research Laboratory, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Institute of Dental Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
- School of Pharmacy, Institute for Drug Research, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ronit Vogt Sionov
- Biofilm Research Laboratory, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Institute of Dental Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ruth Gallily
- The Lautenberg Center for General and Tumor Immunology, Hadassah Medical School, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Michael Friedman
- School of Pharmacy, Institute for Drug Research, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Doron Steinberg
- Biofilm Research Laboratory, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Institute of Dental Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
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López–Gómez A, Ros–Chumillas M, Buendía-Moreno L, Martínez–Hernández GB. Active Cardboard Packaging With Encapsulated Essential Oils for Enhancing the Shelf Life of Fruit and Vegetables. Front Nutr 2020; 7:559978. [PMID: 33344489 PMCID: PMC7744629 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2020.559978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The quality loss of fruit and vegetables should be minimized to reduce food waste during retail. In that sense, sustainable and effective post-harvest techniques/technologies are needed, showing active packaging including encapsulated essential oils a high potential. In that sense, we studied the effect of different sized active packages (including β-cyclodextrin-EOs inclusion complex) on the quality of grapes, nectarines, and lettuces (as models of berry fruit, stone fruit, and leafy vegetables) during storage at 2°C (90-95% relative humidity). The active industrial tray showed the best effect on grapes and lettuce quality, as it reduced rachis dehydration and product weight loss (reduced by ≈50% in grapes after 30 days), reduced berry shatter (reduced by ≈40% in grapes after 30 days), highly maintained the physicochemical quality (soluble solid content, titratable acidity and firmness), and also reduced microbial growth (0.5-1.4 lower log units than non-active industrial tray). For nectarines, the package with the biggest active surface (large tray, 200 × 300 × 90) also showed the best-quality retention compared to smaller packages, showing nectarines within active large tray better microbial quality (0.6-1 lower log units than non-active large tray) and firmness. As expected, flow packaging of nectarines (using active trays) better controlled the product weight loss. In conclusion, active cardboard packages with greater active surface better preserved quality of grapes, nectarines and lettuce, which sensory quality was accepted after more than 30, 25, and 14 days at 2°C, respectively, contrary to non-active samples (~1 week less).
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio López–Gómez
- Food Safety and Refrigeration Engineering Group, Department of Agricultural Engineering, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Cartagena, Spain
- Biotechnological Processes Technology and Engineering Lab, Instituto de Biotecnología Vegetal, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Cartagena, Spain
| | - María Ros–Chumillas
- Food Safety and Refrigeration Engineering Group, Department of Agricultural Engineering, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Cartagena, Spain
- Biotechnological Processes Technology and Engineering Lab, Instituto de Biotecnología Vegetal, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Cartagena, Spain
| | - Laura Buendía-Moreno
- Food Safety and Refrigeration Engineering Group, Department of Agricultural Engineering, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Cartagena, Spain
- Biotechnological Processes Technology and Engineering Lab, Instituto de Biotecnología Vegetal, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Cartagena, Spain
| | - Ginés Benito Martínez–Hernández
- Food Safety and Refrigeration Engineering Group, Department of Agricultural Engineering, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Cartagena, Spain
- Biotechnological Processes Technology and Engineering Lab, Instituto de Biotecnología Vegetal, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Cartagena, Spain
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9
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Shen Y, Nie J, Kuang L, Zhang J, Li H. DNA sequencing, genomes and genetic markers of microbes on fruits and vegetables. Microb Biotechnol 2020; 14:323-362. [PMID: 32207561 PMCID: PMC7936329 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.13560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of DNA sequencing technology has provided an effective method for studying foodborne and phytopathogenic microorganisms on fruits and vegetables (F & V). DNA sequencing has successfully proceeded through three generations, including the tens of operating platforms. These advances have significantly promoted microbial whole‐genome sequencing (WGS) and DNA polymorphism research. Based on genomic and regional polymorphisms, genetic markers have been widely obtained. These molecular markers are used as targets for PCR or chip analyses to detect microbes at the genetic level. Furthermore, metagenomic analyses conducted by sequencing the hypervariable regions of ribosomal DNA (rDNA) have revealed comprehensive microbial communities in various studies on F & V. This review highlights the basic principles of three generations of DNA sequencing, and summarizes the WGS studies of and available DNA markers for major bacterial foodborne pathogens and phytopathogenic fungi found on F & V. In addition, rDNA sequencing‐based bacterial and fungal metagenomics are summarized under three topics. These findings deepen the understanding of DNA sequencing and its application in studies of foodborne and phytopathogenic microbes and shed light on strategies for the monitoring of F & V microbes and quality control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youming Shen
- Institute of Pomology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Fruit (Xingcheng), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Quality Inspection and Test Center for Fruit and Nursery Stocks (Xingcheng), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Xingcheng, 125100, China
| | - Jiyun Nie
- Institute of Pomology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Fruit (Xingcheng), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Quality Inspection and Test Center for Fruit and Nursery Stocks (Xingcheng), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Xingcheng, 125100, China.,College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Lixue Kuang
- Institute of Pomology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Fruit (Xingcheng), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Quality Inspection and Test Center for Fruit and Nursery Stocks (Xingcheng), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Xingcheng, 125100, China
| | - Jianyi Zhang
- Institute of Pomology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Fruit (Xingcheng), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Quality Inspection and Test Center for Fruit and Nursery Stocks (Xingcheng), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Xingcheng, 125100, China
| | - Haifei Li
- Institute of Pomology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Fruit (Xingcheng), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Quality Inspection and Test Center for Fruit and Nursery Stocks (Xingcheng), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Xingcheng, 125100, China
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10
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Sustained-Release Fillers for Dentin Disinfection: An Ex Vivo Study. Int J Dent 2019; 2019:2348146. [PMID: 31263498 PMCID: PMC6556298 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2348146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Enterococcus faecalis is the most commonly recovered species from failed root canal treatments. In this study, we tested the capability of a novel intracanal sustained-release filler (SRF) containing cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) to disinfect dentinal tubules of segmented human tooth specimens. Human dental root specimens were infected with E. faecalis V583 for 3 weeks in a static environment. The tested intracanal medicaments were SRF-CPC and calcium hydroxide (CH). Each medicament was introduced into the canal of the dental specimen and incubated for 7 days. The bacteriological samples were taken by shaving the dentine surrounding the root canal with dental burs ranging in size from ISO 014-020. The obtained dentine powder was collected in test tubes containing phosphate-buffered saline, sonicated, and plated on agar plates. Colony-forming units were counted after 48 h of incubation. Random specimens were also examined under confocal laser scanning microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. A statistical difference was found in the bacterial counts obtained from all layers of infected dentin between the control and the SRF-CPC groups. CH reduced bacterial viability significantly only in the first layer of the infected dentin, up to 150 μm into the dentinal tubules. CLSM images showed that SRF-CPC killed most bacteria throughout the infected dentin up to 700 μm of penetration. SEM images demonstrated the adhesion ability of SRF-CPC to the dentinal wall. In conclusion, SRF-CPC is a potential intracanal medicament for disinfecting dentinal tubules.
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Siroli L, Patrignani F, Serrazanetti DI, Chiavari C, Benevelli M, Grazia L, Lanciotti R. Survival of Spoilage and Pathogenic Microorganisms on Cardboard and Plastic Packaging Materials. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:2606. [PMID: 29312271 PMCID: PMC5743701 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.02606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this work was to study the interaction of corrugated and plastic materials with pathogenic and spoiling microorganisms frequently associated to fresh produce. The effect of the two packaging materials on the survival during the storage of microorganisms belonging to the species Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella enteritidis, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Lactobacillus plantarum, Pseudomonas fluorescens, and Aspergillus flavus was studied through traditional plate counting and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results obtained showed that cardboard materials, if correctly stored, reduced the potential of packaging to cross-contaminate food due to a faster viability loss by spoilage and pathogenic microorganisms compared to the plastic ones. In fact, the cell loads of the pathogenic species considered decreased over time independently on the inoculation level and packaging material used. However, the superficial viability losses were significantly faster in cardboard compared to plastic materials. The same behavior was observed for the spoilage microorganisms considered. The SEM microphotographs indicate that the reduction of superficial contamination on cardboard surfaces was due to the entrapping of the microbial cells within the fibers and the pores of this material. In addition, SEM data showed that the entrapped cells were subjected to more or less rapid lyses, depending on the species, due to the absence of water and nutrients, with the exception of molds. The latter spoilers were able to proliferate inside the cardboard fibers only when the absorption of water was not prevented during the storage. In conclusion, the findings of this work showed the reduction of cross-contamination potential of corrugated compared to plastic packaging materials used in fruit and vegetable sector. However, the findings outlined the importance of hygiene and low humidity during cardboard storage to prevent the mold growth on packaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Siroli
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Campus of Food Science, Cesena, Italy
| | - Francesca Patrignani
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Campus of Food Science, Cesena, Italy.,Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Agri-Food Research, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Cesena, Italy
| | - Diana I Serrazanetti
- Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Agri-Food Research, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Cesena, Italy
| | - Cristiana Chiavari
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Marzia Benevelli
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Luigi Grazia
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Rosalba Lanciotti
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Campus of Food Science, Cesena, Italy.,Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Agri-Food Research, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Cesena, Italy
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