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Fayed B, Shakartalla SB, Sabbah H, Dalle H, Tannira M, Senok A, Soliman SSM. Transcriptome Analysis of Human Dermal Cells Infected with Candida auris Identified Unique Pathogenesis/Defensive Mechanisms Particularly Ferroptosis. Mycopathologia 2024; 189:65. [PMID: 38990436 DOI: 10.1007/s11046-024-00868-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Candida auris is an emerging multi-drug resistant yeast that can cause life-threatening infections. A recent report clarified the ability of C. auris to form a biofilm with enhanced drug resistance properties in the host skin's deep layers. The formed biofilm may initiate further bloodstream spread and immune escape. Therefore, we propose that secreted chemicals from the biofilm may facilitate fungal pathogenesis. In response to this interaction, the host skin may develop potential defensive mechanisms. Comparative transcriptomics was performed on the host dermal cells in response to indirect interaction with C. auris biofilm through Transwell inserts compared to planktonic cells. Furthermore, the effect of antifungals including caspofungin and fluconazole was studied. The obtained data showed that the dermal cells exhibited different transcriptional responses. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes and Reactome analyses identified potential defensive responses employed by the dermal cells and potential toxicity induced by C. auris. Additionally, our data indicated that the dominating toxic effect was mediated by ferroptosis; which was validated by qRT-PCR, cytotoxicity assay, and flow cytometry. On the other hand, the viability of C. auris biofilm was enhanced and accompanied by upregulation of MDR1, and KRE6 upon interaction with dermal cells; both genes play significant roles in drug resistance and biofilm maturation, respectively. This study for the first-time shed light on the dominating defensive responses of human dermal cells, microbe colonization site, to C. auris biofilm and its toxic effects. Further, it demonstrates how C. auris biofilm responds to the defensive mechanisms developed by the human dermal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahgat Fayed
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, P.O. Box 27272, Sharjah, UAE
- Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sarra B Shakartalla
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, P.O. Box 27272, Sharjah, UAE
- College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, P.O. Box 27272, Sharjah, UAE
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Gezira, P.O.Box. 21111, Wad Medani, Sudan
| | - Hassan Sabbah
- AbbVie BioPharmaceuticals, P.O. Box 118052, Dubai, UAE
| | - Hala Dalle
- AbbVie BioPharmaceuticals, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | | | - Abiola Senok
- College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Building 14 Dubai Healthcare City, P.O.Box 505055, Dubai, UAE
| | - Sameh S M Soliman
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, P.O. Box 27272, Sharjah, UAE.
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, P.O. Box 27272, Sharjah, UAE.
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Zhao Y, Jia H, Deng H, Ge C, Xing W, Yu H, Li J. Integrated microbiota and multi-omics analysis reveal the differential responses of earthworm to conventional and biodegradable microplastics in soil under biogas slurry irrigation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 907:168191. [PMID: 37907108 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
As one of the promising alternatives of conventional plastic mulching film (C-PMF), biodegradable plastic mulching films (B-PMF) were employed in agronomy production to alleviate the environmental burden of C-PMF. However, information regarding the potential toxicity effects of biodegradable microplastics (MPs) in soil still in scarcity, and the available findings were found to be controversial. Additionally, little is known about the molecular toxicity effects of conventional and biodegradable MPs on terrestrial organisms. Thus, 5 % (w/w) biodegradable (polylactic acid, PLA) and conventional (polyvinylchloride, PVC; low-density polyvinylchloride, LDPE) MPs were employed to assess the toxicity effects on Eisenia fetida in agricultural soil with biogas slurry irrigation. In the present study, transcriptomic, metabolomic profiles and individual indexes were selected to reveal the toxicity mechanisms from molecular level to the individual response. Furthermore, dysbiosis of bacterial community in gut was also investigated for obtaining comprehensive knowledge on the MPs toxicity. At the end of the exposure, the number of survival earthworms after MPs exposure was significantly reduced. Compared with the initial body weight, PLA and LDPE increased the biomass of earthworms after MPs exposure, while no significant influence on the biomass was observed in PVC treatment. Microbacterium, Klebsiella and Chryseobacterium were significantly enriched in earthworm gut after PLA, PVC and LDPE exposure, respectively (p < 0.05). Transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis revealed that PLA exposure induced neurotransmission disorder and high energetic expenditure in earthworms. However, PVC and LDPE inhibited the nutrient absorption efficiency and activated the innate immunity responses of earthworms. The PLS-SEM results showed that the effects of MPs were dominated by the polymer types, and hence, significantly and directly influence the gut bacterial community of earthworms. This study provides a better understanding of the similarities and discrepancies in toxicity effects of biodegradable and conventional MPs from the perspectives of individual, gut bacterial community, transcriptome and metabolome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; Center for Eco-Environment Restoration Engineering of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; College of Ecology and Environment, Hainan University, Renmin Road, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Huiting Jia
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; Center for Eco-Environment Restoration Engineering of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; College of Ecology and Environment, Hainan University, Renmin Road, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Hui Deng
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; Center for Eco-Environment Restoration Engineering of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; College of Ecology and Environment, Hainan University, Renmin Road, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Chengjun Ge
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; Center for Eco-Environment Restoration Engineering of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; College of Ecology and Environment, Hainan University, Renmin Road, Haikou 570228, China.
| | - Wenzhe Xing
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; Center for Eco-Environment Restoration Engineering of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; College of Ecology and Environment, Hainan University, Renmin Road, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Huamei Yu
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; Center for Eco-Environment Restoration Engineering of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; College of Ecology and Environment, Hainan University, Renmin Road, Haikou 570228, China.
| | - Jiatong Li
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; Center for Eco-Environment Restoration Engineering of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; College of Ecology and Environment, Hainan University, Renmin Road, Haikou 570228, China
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Attia Hussein Mahmoud H, Parekh R, Dhandibhotla S, Sai T, Pradhan A, Alugula S, Cevallos-Cueva M, Hayes BK, Athanti S, Abdin Z, K B. Insight Into Neonatal Sepsis: An Overview. Cureus 2023; 15:e45530. [PMID: 37868444 PMCID: PMC10585949 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.45530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
There are approximately 1.3 million cases of neonatal sepsis reported worldwide with deaths occurring more commonly in preterm and low-weight newborns. Neonatal sepsis is the third major cause of neonatal deaths resulting in 203,000 deaths per year. It is divided into two subtypes based on time of occurrence: early-onset neonatal sepsis (ENS), occurring within the first 72 hours of birth usually due to perinatal risk factors, and late-onset neonatal sepsis (LOS) usually occurring after the first week of life and up to 28th day of life. There are many complications associated with neonatal sepsis including septic shock, multiple organ failure, and death. It is vital for clinicians to know the signs and symptoms of neonatal sepsis in order to diagnose it early. Preventive measures, early diagnosis, appropriate antibiotic administration, timely supportive management, and the establishment of efficient management are vital in the prevention of severe complications or death. In this review, we aim to provide the most up-to-date information regarding risk factors, pathophysiology, signs and symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment of neonatal sepsis. We discuss the maternal and neonatal risk factors involved in the pathogenesis of neonatal sepsis and the signs and symptoms of early and late neonatal sepsis. We focus on the different pathogens involved and the markers used in the diagnosis and treatments available for each.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ritika Parekh
- Community Health, K. J. Somaiya Medical College and Research Centre, Mumbai, IND
| | | | - Tarun Sai
- Pediatrics, Sri Balaji Medical College Hospital and Research Institute, Tirupati, IND
| | - Aayush Pradhan
- Pediatric Emergency, International Friendship Children's Hospital, Kathmandu, NPL
| | - Shiny Alugula
- Pediatric Surgery, New Vision University, Eluru, IND
| | | | - Barbara K Hayes
- Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Suburbio Hospital, Salvador, BRA
| | - Saranya Athanti
- Pediatrics, Employees' State Insurance Corporation Medical College and Hospital, Hyderabad, IND
| | - Zain Abdin
- Critical Care Medicine, IMG (International Medical Graduate) Helping Hands, Albuquerque, USA
| | - Basant K
- Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, EGY
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Wu S, Cheng L, Pennhag AAL, Seifert M, Guðnadóttir U, Engstrand L, Mints M, Andersson S, Du J. The salivary microbiota is altered in cervical dysplasia patients and influenced by conization. IMETA 2023; 2:e108. [PMID: 38867925 PMCID: PMC10989756 DOI: 10.1002/imt2.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
This study supports the correlation between the salivary microbiota and cervical dysplasia and suggests that smoking influences the salivary microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengru Wu
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Centre for Translational Microbiome ResearchKarolinska InstituteStockholmSweden
- College of Animal Science and TechnologyNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingChina
| | - Liqin Cheng
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Centre for Translational Microbiome ResearchKarolinska InstituteStockholmSweden
| | - Alexandra A. L. Pennhag
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Centre for Translational Microbiome ResearchKarolinska InstituteStockholmSweden
| | - Maike Seifert
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Centre for Translational Microbiome ResearchKarolinska InstituteStockholmSweden
| | - Unnur Guðnadóttir
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Centre for Translational Microbiome ResearchKarolinska InstituteStockholmSweden
| | - Lars Engstrand
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Centre for Translational Microbiome ResearchKarolinska InstituteStockholmSweden
- Science for Life LaboratoryKarolinska InstituteStockholmSweden
| | - Miriam Mints
- Department of Women's and Children's HealthKarolinska InstituteStockholmSweden
| | - Sonia Andersson
- Department of Women's and Children's HealthKarolinska InstituteStockholmSweden
| | - Juan Du
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Centre for Translational Microbiome ResearchKarolinska InstituteStockholmSweden
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Transcriptome-wide assessment of N6-methyladenosine modification identifies different gene expression and infection-associated pathways in Treponema pallidum-infected macrophage. J Dermatol Sci 2023; 109:108-116. [PMID: 36841722 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2023.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Treponema pallidum (Tp) is a widespread and destructive pathogen that leads to syphilis. As the acknowledged executor of host immunity, macrophage plays vital roles in combating the invasion and migration of Tp. However, the mechanisms of these processes are largely unknown, especially the critical driver genes and associated modifications. OBJECTIVE We aimed to systematically dissect the global N6-methyladenosine (m6A) RNA modification patterns in Tp-infected macrophages. METHODS The RNA of Tp-infected/non-infected macrophage was extracted, followed by mRNA sequencing and methylated RNA immunoprecipitation (MeRIP) sequencing. Bioinformatics analysis was executed by m6A peaks and motifs identification, Gene ontology and signaling pathways analysis of differentially expressed genes, and comprehensive comparison. The m6A levels were measured by RNA Methylation Assay, and m6A modified genes were determined by qPCR. RESULTS Totally, 2623 unique and 3509 common m6A peaks were proved along with related transcripts in Tp-infected macrophages. The common m6A-related genes were enriched in the signals of oxidative stress, cell differentiation, and angiogenesis, while unique genes in those of metabolism, inflammation, and infection. And differentially expressed transcripts revealed various biological processes and pathways associated with catabolic and infection. They also experienced comprehensive analysis due to hyper-/hypo-methylation. And the m6A level of macrophage was elevated, along with qPCR validation of specific genes. CONCLUSION With a particular m6A transcriptome-wide map, our study provides unprecedented insights into the RNA modification of macrophage stimulated by Tp in vitro, which partially differs from other infections and may provide clues to explore the immune process for syphilis.
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Dänicke S, Heymann AK, Oster M, Wimmers K, Tesch T, Bannert E, Bühler S, Kersten S, Frahm J, Kluess J, Kahlert S, Rothkötter HJ, Billenkamp F. Does chronic dietary exposure to the mycotoxin deoxynivalenol affect the porcine hepatic transcriptome when an acute-phase response is initiated through first or second-pass LPS challenge of the liver? Innate Immun 2021; 27:388-408. [PMID: 34338001 PMCID: PMC8419296 DOI: 10.1177/17534259211030563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The sensitivity of pigs to deoxynivalenol (DON) might be increased by systemic inflammation (SI), which also has consequences for hepatic integrity. Liver lesions and a dys-regulated gene network might hamper hepatic handling and elimination of DON whereby the way of initiation of hepatic inflammation might play an additional role. First and second-pass exposure of the liver with LPS for triggering a SI was achieved by LPS infusion via pre- or post-hepatic venous route, respectively. Each infusion group was pre-conditioned either with a control diet (0.12 mg DON/kg diet) or with a DON-contaminated diet (4.59 mg DON/kg diet) for 4 wk. Liver transcriptome was evaluated at 195 min after starting infusions. DON exposure alone failed to modulate the mRNA expression significantly. However, pre- and post-hepatic LPS challenges prompted transcriptional responses in immune and metabolic levels. The mRNAs for B-cell lymphoma 2-like protein 11 as a key factor in apoptosis and IFN-γ released by T cells were clearly up-regulated in DON-fed group infused with LPS post-hepatically. On the other hand, mRNAs for nucleotide binding oligomerization domain containing 2, IFN-α and eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2α kinase 3 as ribosomal stress sensors were exclusively up-regulated in control pigs with pre-hepatic LPS infusion. These diverse effects were traced back to differences in TLR4 signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven Dänicke
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Germany
| | - Ann-Katrin Heymann
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Germany
| | - Michael Oster
- Institute of Genome Biology, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Germany
| | - Klaus Wimmers
- Institute of Genome Biology, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Germany
| | - Tanja Tesch
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Germany
| | - Erik Bannert
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Germany
| | - Susanne Bühler
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Germany
| | - Susanne Kersten
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Germany
| | - Jana Frahm
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Germany
| | - Jeannette Kluess
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Germany
| | - Stefan Kahlert
- Institute of Anatomy, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Germany
| | | | - Fabian Billenkamp
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Germany
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Saarenpää M, Roslund MI, Puhakka R, Grönroos M, Parajuli A, Hui N, Nurminen N, Laitinen OH, Hyöty H, Cinek O, Sinkkonen A. Do Rural Second Homes Shape Commensal Microbiota of Urban Dwellers? A Pilot Study among Urban Elderly in Finland. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18073742. [PMID: 33918486 PMCID: PMC8038225 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18073742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
According to the hygiene and biodiversity hypotheses, increased hygiene levels and reduced contact with biodiversity can partially explain the high prevalence of immune-mediated diseases in developed countries. A disturbed commensal microbiota, especially in the gut, has been linked to multiple immune-mediated diseases. Previous studies imply that gut microbiota composition is associated with the everyday living environment and can be modified by increasing direct physical exposure to biodiverse materials. In this pilot study, the effects of rural-second-home tourism were investigated on the gut microbiota for the first time. Rural-second-home tourism, a popular form of outdoor recreation in Northern Europe, North America, and Russia, has the potential to alter the human microbiota by increasing exposure to nature and environmental microbes. The hypotheses were that the use of rural second homes is associated with differences in the gut microbiota and that the microbiota related to health benefits are more diverse or common among the rural-second-home users. Based on 16S rRNA Illumina MiSeq sequencing of stool samples from 10 urban elderly having access and 15 lacking access to a rural second home, the first hypothesis was supported: the use of rural second homes was found to be associated with lower gut microbiota diversity and RIG-I-like receptor signaling pathway levels. The second hypothesis was not supported: health-related microbiota were not more diverse or common among the second-home users. The current study encourages further research on the possible health outcomes or causes of the observed microbiological differences. Activities and diet during second-home visits, standard of equipment, surrounding environment, and length of the visits are all postulated to play a role in determining the effects of rural-second-home tourism on the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mika Saarenpää
- Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Niemenkatu 73, 15140 Lahti, Finland; (M.S.); (M.I.R.); (R.P.); (M.G.); (A.P.); (N.H.)
| | - Marja I. Roslund
- Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Niemenkatu 73, 15140 Lahti, Finland; (M.S.); (M.I.R.); (R.P.); (M.G.); (A.P.); (N.H.)
| | - Riikka Puhakka
- Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Niemenkatu 73, 15140 Lahti, Finland; (M.S.); (M.I.R.); (R.P.); (M.G.); (A.P.); (N.H.)
| | - Mira Grönroos
- Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Niemenkatu 73, 15140 Lahti, Finland; (M.S.); (M.I.R.); (R.P.); (M.G.); (A.P.); (N.H.)
| | - Anirudra Parajuli
- Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Niemenkatu 73, 15140 Lahti, Finland; (M.S.); (M.I.R.); (R.P.); (M.G.); (A.P.); (N.H.)
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, 141 86 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nan Hui
- Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Niemenkatu 73, 15140 Lahti, Finland; (M.S.); (M.I.R.); (R.P.); (M.G.); (A.P.); (N.H.)
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan RD. Minhang District, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Noora Nurminen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Arvo Ylpön katu 34, 33520 Tampere, Finland; (N.N.); (O.H.L.); (H.H.)
| | - Olli H. Laitinen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Arvo Ylpön katu 34, 33520 Tampere, Finland; (N.N.); (O.H.L.); (H.H.)
| | - Heikki Hyöty
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Arvo Ylpön katu 34, 33520 Tampere, Finland; (N.N.); (O.H.L.); (H.H.)
| | - Ondrej Cinek
- Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, V Úvalu 84, 150 06 Prague 5, Czech Republic;
| | - Aki Sinkkonen
- Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Niemenkatu 73, 15140 Lahti, Finland; (M.S.); (M.I.R.); (R.P.); (M.G.); (A.P.); (N.H.)
- Natural Resources Institute Finland, Itäinen Pitkäkatu 4 A, 20520 Turku, Finland
- Correspondence:
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Tonsillar Microbiota: a Cross-Sectional Study of Patients with Chronic Tonsillitis or Tonsillar Hypertrophy. mSystems 2021; 6:6/2/e01302-20. [PMID: 33688019 PMCID: PMC8547005 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.01302-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic tonsillitis (CT) and tonsillar hypertrophy (TH) are common tonsillar diseases that are related to infection and inflammation. Little is known about tonsillar microbiota and its role in CT and TH. This study aims to identify palatine tonsillar microbiota both on the surface and in the core tissues of CT and TH patients. In total, 22 palatine tonsils were removed and collected from CT and TH patients who underwent surgery. The surface and core microbiota in the tonsils of CT and TH patients were compared using 16S rRNA gene sequencing of V3-V4 regions. Differential tonsillar microbiotas were found in the CT versus TH patients and surface versus core tissues. Further, a higher relative abundance of bacterial genera, including Haemophilus, Streptococcus, Neisseria, Capnocytophaga, Kingella, Moraxella, and Lachnospiraceae [G-2] in patients with TH and Dialister, Parvimonas, Bacteroidales [G-2], Aggregatibacter, and Atopobium in patients with CT, was observed. Of these, the differential genera of Dialister, Parvimonas, and Neisseria served as key factors in the tonsillar microbiota network. Notably, four representable tonsillar microbial types were identified, with one, consisting of a higher abundance of Haemophilus and Neisseria, exclusively detected in the TH patients. This study analyzed the different tonsillar microbiota from the surface and core tissues of CT and TH patients. Several bacteria and various microbial types related to CT and TH were identified, along with potential bacterial networks and related immune pathways. IMPORTANCE The human microbiota has been shown to be functionally connected to infectious and inflammation-related diseases. So far, only limited studies had been performed on tonsillar microbiota, although tonsils play an essential role in the human immune defense system and encountered numerous microorganisms. Our work presented different tonsillar microbiota from surface and core tissues of chronic tonsillitis (CT) and tonsillar hypertrophy (TH) patients. Notably, one tonsillar microbiota type, which contains a higher abundance of Haemophilus and Neisseria, was only detected in the TH patients. Furthermore, certain bacteria, such as Haemophilus, Neisseria, Dialister, and Parvimonas, may serve as microbial biomarkers to discriminate CT patients from TH patients. These data provide important microbiota data in the tonsillar research area and are highly useful for researchers both in the oral microbiome field and clinical field.
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Liyanage TD, Nikapitiya C, Lee J, De Zoysa M. Molecular insight into regulation of miRNAs in the spleen of zebrafish (Danio rerio) upon pathogenic Streptococcus parauberis infection. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 106:898-909. [PMID: 32889099 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.08.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) constitute a group of small non-coding RNAs (~22 nucleotides) and one of their main functions is to regulate the immune responses. Gram-positive bacterium, Streptococcus parauberis is the main causative agent of "Streptococcosis" in wide range of fish species. In this study, we performed high throughput sequencing analysis to identify the miRNA profile against S. parauberis infection in the spleen of zebrafish (Danio rerio). Overall, 349 known and 151 novel miRNAs were discovered. Among them, 12 known miRNAs (dre-miR-34b, dre-miR-135a, dre-miR-200b-5p, dre-miR-146b, dre-miR-31, dre-miR-17a-3p, dre-miR-222a-3p, dre-miR-731, dre-miR-301b-3p and dre-miR-30a-3p) and 9 novel miRNAs were differentially expressed (DE) in the spleen of S. parauberis challenged zebrafish. The identified 12 DE miRNAs were predicted to regulate 721 target genes. We confirmed the miRNA expression results by validating selected known and novel DE miRNAs using qRT-PCR. Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes (KEGG) pathway analysis and miRNA-mRNA interactions implies that specific target genes of DE miRNAs are associated with immune responses. The enriched pathways included Toll-like receptor (TLR), C-type lectin, NOD-like receptor, and RIG-I-like receptor signaling pathways, etc. Especially, dre-miR-200b-5p, dre-miR-146b, dre-miR-731, dre-miR-222a-3p, and dre-miR-34b were able to target potential immune-related genes such as il10, irak1, traf6, hspa8 and ikbke upon S. parauberis challenge. Thus, overall results could lay a foundation to understand the underlying immune regulatory role of miRNAs in response to pathogenic S. parauberis infection in teleosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- T D Liyanage
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Yuseong-gu Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Chamilani Nikapitiya
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Yuseong-gu Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Jehee Lee
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Mahanama De Zoysa
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Yuseong-gu Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea.
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10
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Li D, Wang H, Zhang P, Zhang Y, He X, Zhong H, Guan K, Min M, Gao Q, Wei C. Yersinia YopT inhibits RLH-mediated NF-κB and IRF3 signal transduction. Microbiol Immunol 2020; 64:768-777. [PMID: 32902897 DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.12842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The Gram-negative bacterial pathogen Yersinia delivers six effector proteins into the host cells to block the host innate immune response. One of the effectors, YopT, is a potent cysteine protease that causes the disruption of the actin cytoskeleton to inhibit phagocytosis of the pathogen; however, its molecular mechanism and relevance to pathogenesis need further investigation. In this report, we show that RIG-I is a novel target of the YopT protein. Remarkably, YopT interacts with RIG-I and inhibits rat liver homogenate-mediated nuclear factor-κB and interferon regulatory factor-3 activation. Further studies revealed a YopT-dependent increase in the K48-polymerized ubiquitination of RIG-I. These findings suggest that YopT negatively regulates RIG-I-mediated cellular antibacterial response by targeting RIG-I.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyu Li
- Bioengineering, College of Biological Engineering and Food, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China.,Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China
| | - Haoyong Wang
- Bioengineering, College of Biological Engineering and Food, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Pingping Zhang
- Clinical Laboratory Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | | | - Xiang He
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Zhong
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China
| | - Kai Guan
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China
| | - Min Min
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Gao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of POCT for Bioemergency and Clinic (No. BZ0329), Beijing, China.,Beijing Hotgen Biotechnology Inc., Beijing, China
| | - Congwen Wei
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China
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11
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Martín-Vicente M, González-Riaño C, Barbas C, Jiménez-Sousa MÁ, Brochado-Kith O, Resino S, Martínez I. Metabolic changes during respiratory syncytial virus infection of epithelial cells. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0230844. [PMID: 32214395 PMCID: PMC7098640 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0230844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Viral infections induce substantial metabolic changes in infected cells to optimize viral production while cells develop countermeasures to restrict that infection. Human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV) is an infectious pathogen that causes severe lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI) in infants, the elderly, and immunocompromised adults for which no effective treatment or vaccine is currently available. In this study, variations in metabolite levels at different time points post-HRSV infection of epithelial cells were studied by untargeted metabolomics using liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis of methanol cell extracts. Numerous metabolites were significantly upregulated after 18 hours post-infection, including nucleotides, amino acids, amino and nucleotide sugars, and metabolites of the central carbon pathway. In contrast, most lipid classes were downregulated. Additionally, increased levels of oxidized glutathione and polyamines were associated with oxidative stress in infected cells. These results show how HRSV infection influences cell metabolism to produce the energy and building blocks necessary for virus reproduction, suggesting potential therapeutic interventions against this virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Martín-Vicente
- Unidad de Infección Viral e Inmunidad, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carolina González-Riaño
- Facultad de Farmacia, Centro de Metabolómica y Bioanálisis (CEMBIO), Universidad CEU San Pablo, Madrid, Spain
| | - Coral Barbas
- Facultad de Farmacia, Centro de Metabolómica y Bioanálisis (CEMBIO), Universidad CEU San Pablo, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Ángeles Jiménez-Sousa
- Unidad de Infección Viral e Inmunidad, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Oscar Brochado-Kith
- Unidad de Infección Viral e Inmunidad, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Salvador Resino
- Unidad de Infección Viral e Inmunidad, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- * E-mail: (IM); (SR)
| | - Isidoro Martínez
- Unidad de Infección Viral e Inmunidad, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- * E-mail: (IM); (SR)
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12
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Interferon- Stimulation Elicited by the Influenza Virus Is Regulated by the Histone Methylase Dot1L through the RIG-I-TRIM25 Signaling Axis. Cells 2020; 9:cells9030732. [PMID: 32188146 PMCID: PMC7140698 DOI: 10.3390/cells9030732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza virus infection increases the methylation of lysine 79 of histone 3 catalyzed by the Dot1L enzyme. The role of Dot1L against infections was highlighted by an increase of influenza A and vesicular stomatitis virus replication in Dot1L-inhibited cells mediated by a decreased antiviral response. Interferon-beta (IFN-β) reporter assays indicate that Dot1L is involved in the control of retinoic acid-inducible geneI protein (RIG-I) signaling. Accordingly, Dot1L inhibition decreases the IFN-β promoter stimulation and RIG-I- mitochondria-associated viral sensor (RIG-I-MAVS) association upon viral infection. Replication of an influenza A virus lacking NS1 (delNS1), incapable of counteracting the antiviral response, is not affected by Dot1L inhibition. Consequently, RIG-I-MAVS association and nuclear factor-B (NF-κ nuclear translocation, are not affected by the Dot1L inhibition in delNS1 infected cells. Restoration of NS1 expression in trans also reinstated Dot1L as a regulator of the RIG-I-dependent signaling in delNS1 infections. Interferon-inducible E3 ligase tripartite motif-containing protein 25 (TRIM25) expression increases in influenza virus infected cells, but Dot1L inhibition reduces both the TRIM25 expression and TRIM25 protein levels. TRIM25 overexpression reverses the defective innate response mediated by Dot1L inhibition elicited upon virus infection or by overexpression of RIG-I signaling intermediates. Thus, TRIM25 is a control point of the RIG-I recognition pathway controlled by Dot1L and may have a general role in RNA viruses recognized by the RIG-I sensor.
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13
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Scherzad A, Hagen R, Hackenberg S. Current Understanding of Nasal Epithelial Cell Mis-Differentiation. J Inflamm Res 2019; 12:309-317. [PMID: 31853193 PMCID: PMC6916682 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s180853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The functional role of the respiratory epithelium is to generate a physical barrier. In addition, the epithelium supports the innate and acquired immune system through various cytokines and chemokines. However, epithelial cells are also involved in the pathogenesis of various respiratory diseases, some of which are mediated by increased permeability of the mucosal membrane or disturbed mucociliary transport. In addition, it has been shown that epithelial cells are involved in the development of inflammatory respiratory diseases. The following review article focuses on the aspects of epithelial mis-differentiation, in particular with respect to nasal mucosal barrier function, epithelial immunogenicity, nasal epithelial-mesenchymal transition and nasal microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agmal Scherzad
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Plastic, Aesthetic and Reconstructive Head and Neck Surgery, Julius Maximilian University of Wuerzburg, Würzburg97080, Germany
| | - Rudolf Hagen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Plastic, Aesthetic and Reconstructive Head and Neck Surgery, Julius Maximilian University of Wuerzburg, Würzburg97080, Germany
| | - Stephan Hackenberg
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Plastic, Aesthetic and Reconstructive Head and Neck Surgery, Julius Maximilian University of Wuerzburg, Würzburg97080, Germany
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14
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Danilenko ED, Belkina AO, Sysoeva GM. Development of Drugs Based on High-Polymeric Double-Stranded RNA for Antiviral and Antitumor Therapy. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) SUPPLEMENT. SERIES B, BIOMEDICAL CHEMISTRY 2019; 13:308-323. [PMID: 32288939 PMCID: PMC7104317 DOI: 10.1134/s1990750819040036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Abstract-The review summarizes literature data on the development of drugs based on natural and synthetic high-polymeric double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), their antiviral, immunoadjuvant, and antitumor properties. Special attention is paid to cell receptors responding to exogenous dsRNA, pathways of dsRNA-dependent antiviral reaction, ability of dsRNA to inhibit growth and induce apoptosis of malignant cells. It has been shown that enhancing the innate immune response with dsRNA can be an effective component in improving methods for treating and preventing infectious and cancer diseases. The further use of dsRNA for the correction of pathological processes of different origin is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. D. Danilenko
- Institute of Medical Biotechnology, State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology (SRC VB) “Vector”, Khimzavodskaya ul. 9, 633010 Berdsk, Novosibirsk region Russia
| | - A. O. Belkina
- Institute of Medical Biotechnology, State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology (SRC VB) “Vector”, Khimzavodskaya ul. 9, 633010 Berdsk, Novosibirsk region Russia
| | - G. M. Sysoeva
- Institute of Medical Biotechnology, State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology (SRC VB) “Vector”, Khimzavodskaya ul. 9, 633010 Berdsk, Novosibirsk region Russia
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15
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Guo S, Zhou W, Wu J, Liu X, Meng Z, Tian J, Liu S, Ni M, Zhang J, Jia S, Li Y, Zhang X. Network pharmacology-based study on the mechanism of “Jiu Wei Zhu Huang San” in respiratory tract infections treatment. Eur J Integr Med 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eujim.2019.101013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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16
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Wu W, Li L, Liu Y, Huang T, Liang W, Chen M. Multiomics analyses reveal that NOD-like signaling pathway plays an important role against Streptococcus agalactiae in the spleen of tilapia. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 95:336-348. [PMID: 31586680 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 09/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Streptococcus aglactiae(GBS) infection in tilapia is a serious global disease that causes significant production loss. Here, we studied the role of GBS in the spleen and the spleen's response against the pathogen through dual RNA-seq and proteome technology. Animals were divided into three groups: control, virulent treated (HN016), and attenuated treated (YM001). Spleen samples were collected and analysis when a disease outbreak. Dual RNA-seq result showed the virulence factor genes of GBS, included CAMP factor, PGK, OCT, enolase, scpB, Sip, bca, were upregulation. downregulation of GapA, cylE, OCT, scpB, C5AP, rlmB, hly, FBP, in HN016 and YM001. But for proteomic, OCT and bca were downregulation, the others were upregulation. For host transcriptome KEGG analysis showed, the NOD-like receptor signaling pathway (NLRs) and TOLL-like receptor signaling pathway (TLRs) were upreguoation in HN016 infected fish than the control fish; But for proteome KEGG, only the NLRS was up, the TLRS was not change. Compared with YM001 infected fishes, for transcriptome, NLRs and TLRs in infected HN016 fishes were significance rise (p < 0.01); for proteome, the NLRs was up (p < 0.05), but TLRs was no change.Analysis of pathogen-host interaction showed that the peptidoglycan (PNG), CD2, LCK, and host's Zap70 were involved in the regulation of NLRs; PNG, LCK, and ZAP70 were involved in the regulation of TRLs. Conclusion: the virulent strain HN016 and attenuated strainYM001 differed in the quantity of virulence factors. In tilapia's innate immune system, NLRs was the main defense factors, but bacteria avoided the host defense through TLRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wende Wu
- Animal Science and Technology College of Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, PR China
| | - Liping Li
- Guangxi Academy of Fishery Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi, 530005, PR China
| | - Yu Liu
- Guangxi Academy of Fishery Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi, 530005, PR China
| | - Ting Huang
- Guangxi Academy of Fishery Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi, 530005, PR China
| | - Wanwen Liang
- Guangxi Academy of Fishery Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi, 530005, PR China
| | - Ming Chen
- Animal Science and Technology College of Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, PR China; Guangxi Academy of Fishery Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi, 530005, PR China.
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17
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Marcos-Villar L, Nieto A. The DOT1L inhibitor Pinometostat decreases the host-response against infections: Considerations about its use in human therapy. Sci Rep 2019; 9:16862. [PMID: 31727944 PMCID: PMC6856118 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-53239-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with acute myeloid leukemia frequently present translocations of MLL gene. Rearrangements of MLL protein (MLL-r) in complexes that contain the histone methyltransferase DOT1L are common, which elicit abnormal methylation of lysine 79 of histone H3 at MLL target genes. Phase 1 clinical studies with pinometostat (EPZ-5676), an inhibitor of DOT1L activity, demonstrated the therapeutic potential for targeting DOT1L in MLL-r leukemia patients. We previously reported that down-regulation of DOT1L increases influenza and vesicular stomatitis virus replication and decreases the antiviral response. Here we show that DOT1L inhibition also reduces Sendai virus-induced innate response and its overexpression decreases influenza virus multiplication, reinforcing the notion of DOT1L controlling viral replication. Accordingly, genes involved in the host innate response against pathogens (RUBICON, TRIM25, BCL3) are deregulated in human lung epithelial cells treated with pinometostat. Concomitantly, deregulation of some of these genes together with that of the MicroRNA let-7B, may account for the beneficial effects of pinometostat treatment in patients with MLL-r involving DOT1L. These results support a possible increased vulnerability to infection in MLL-r leukemia patients undergoing pinometostat treatment. Close follow up of infection should be considered in pinometostat therapy to reduce some severe side effects during the treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Marcos-Villar
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), Darwin 3, Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain. .,CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias CIBERES, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Amelia Nieto
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), Darwin 3, Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain. .,CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias CIBERES, Madrid, Spain.
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18
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Olukitibi TA, Ao Z, Mahmoudi M, Kobinger GA, Yao X. Dendritic Cells/Macrophages-Targeting Feature of Ebola Glycoprotein and its Potential as Immunological Facilitator for Antiviral Vaccine Approach. Microorganisms 2019; 7:E402. [PMID: 31569539 PMCID: PMC6843631 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7100402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In the prevention of epidemic and pandemic viral infection, the use of the antiviral vaccine has been the most successful biotechnological and biomedical approach. In recent times, vaccine development studies have focused on recruiting and targeting immunogens to dendritic cells (DCs) and macrophages to induce innate and adaptive immune responses. Interestingly, Ebola virus (EBOV) glycoprotein (GP) has a strong binding affinity with DCs and macrophages. Shreds of evidence have also shown that the interaction between EBOV GP with DCs and macrophages leads to massive recruitment of DCs and macrophages capable of regulating innate and adaptive immune responses. Therefore, studies for the development of vaccine can utilize the affinity between EBOV GP and DCs/macrophages as a novel immunological approach to induce both innate and acquired immune responses. In this review, we will discuss the unique features of EBOV GP to target the DC, and its potential to elicit strong immune responses while targeting DCs/macrophages. This review hopes to suggest and stimulate thoughts of developing a stronger and effective DC-targeting vaccine for diverse virus infection using EBOV GP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Titus Abiola Olukitibi
- Laboratory of Molecular Human Retrovirology, Department of Medical Microbiology, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada.
| | - Zhujun Ao
- Laboratory of Molecular Human Retrovirology, Department of Medical Microbiology, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada.
| | - Mona Mahmoudi
- Laboratory of Molecular Human Retrovirology, Department of Medical Microbiology, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada.
| | - Gary A Kobinger
- Centre de Recherche en Infectiologie de l' Université Laval/Centre Hospitalier de l' Université Laval (CHUL), Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada.
| | - Xiaojian Yao
- Laboratory of Molecular Human Retrovirology, Department of Medical Microbiology, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada.
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19
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Periselneris J, Ercoli G, Pollard T, Chimalapati S, Camberlein E, Szylar G, Hyams C, Tomlinson G, Petersen FC, Floto RA, Noursadeghi M, Brown JS. Relative Contributions of Extracellular and Internalized Bacteria to Early Macrophage Proinflammatory Responses to Streptococcus pneumoniae. mBio 2019; 10:e02144-19. [PMID: 31551336 PMCID: PMC6759765 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.02144-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Both intracellular immune sensing and extracellular innate immune sensing have been implicated in initiating macrophage proinflammatory cytokine responses to Streptococcus pneumoniae The S. pneumoniae capsule, a major virulence determinant, prevents phagocytosis, and we hypothesized that this would reduce activation of host innate inflammatory responses by preventing activation of intracellular proinflammatory signaling pathways. We investigated this hypothesis in human monocyte-derived macrophages stimulated with encapsulated or isogenic unencapsulated mutant S. pneumoniae Unexpectedly, despite strongly inhibiting bacterial internalization, the capsule resulted in enhanced inflammatory cytokine production by macrophages infected with S. pneumoniae Experiments using purified capsule material and a Streptococcus mitis mutant expressing an S. pneumoniae serotype 4 capsule indicated these differences required whole bacteria and were not due to proinflammatory effects of the capsule itself. Transcriptional profiling demonstrated relatively few differences in macrophage gene expression profiles between infections with encapsulated S. pneumoniae and those with unencapsulated S. pneumoniae, largely limited to reduced expression of proinflammatory genes in response to unencapsulated bacteria, predicted to be due to reduced activation of the NF-κB family of transcription factors. Blocking S. pneumoniae internalization using cytochalasin D had minimal effects on the inflammatory response to S. pneumoniae Experiments using murine macrophages indicated that the affected genes were dependent on Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) activation, although not through direct stimulation of TLR2 by capsule polysaccharide. Our data demonstrate that the early macrophage proinflammatory response to S. pneumoniae is mainly dependent on extracellular bacteria and reveal an unexpected proinflammatory effect of encapsulated S. pneumoniae that could contribute to disease pathogenesis.IMPORTANCE Multiple extra- and intracellular innate immune receptors have been identified that recognize Streptococcus pneumoniae, but the relative contributions of intra- versus extracellular bacteria to the inflammatory response were unknown. We have shown that intracellular S. pneumoniae contributes surprisingly little to the inflammatory responses, with production of important proinflammatory cytokines largely dependent on extracellular bacteria. Furthermore, although we expected the S. pneumoniae polysaccharide capsule to block activation of the host immune system by reducing bacterial internalization and therefore activation of intracellular innate immune receptors, there was an increased inflammatory response to encapsulated compared to unencapsulated bacteria, which is likely to contribute to disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimstan Periselneris
- Centre for Inflammation and Tissue Repair, UCL Respiratory, Division of Medicine, University College Medical School, Rayne Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Giuseppe Ercoli
- Centre for Inflammation and Tissue Repair, UCL Respiratory, Division of Medicine, University College Medical School, Rayne Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tracey Pollard
- Centre for Inflammation and Tissue Repair, UCL Respiratory, Division of Medicine, University College Medical School, Rayne Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Suneeta Chimalapati
- Centre for Inflammation and Tissue Repair, UCL Respiratory, Division of Medicine, University College Medical School, Rayne Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Emilie Camberlein
- Centre for Inflammation and Tissue Repair, UCL Respiratory, Division of Medicine, University College Medical School, Rayne Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gabriella Szylar
- Centre for Inflammation and Tissue Repair, UCL Respiratory, Division of Medicine, University College Medical School, Rayne Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Catherine Hyams
- Centre for Inflammation and Tissue Repair, UCL Respiratory, Division of Medicine, University College Medical School, Rayne Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gillian Tomlinson
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Fernanda C Petersen
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - R Andres Floto
- Molecular Immunity Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Mahdad Noursadeghi
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jeremy S Brown
- Centre for Inflammation and Tissue Repair, UCL Respiratory, Division of Medicine, University College Medical School, Rayne Institute, London, United Kingdom
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20
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Danilenko ED, Belkina AO, Sysoeva GM. [Development of drugs on the basis of high-polymeric double-stranded RNA for antiviral and antitumor therapy]. BIOMEDIT︠S︡INSKAI︠A︡ KHIMII︠A︡ 2019; 65:277-293. [PMID: 31436169 DOI: 10.18097/pbmc20196504277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The review summarizes literature data on the development of drugs based on natural and synthetic high-polymeric double-stranded RNA, and their antiviral, immunoadjuvant and antitumor properties. Special attention is paid to cell receptors responding to exogenous dsRNA, the paths of dsRNA-dependent antiviral reaction, ability of dsRNA to inhibit growth and induce apoptosis ofmalignant cells. It has been shown that enhancing the innate immune response with dsRNA can be an effective component in improving methods for treating and preventing infectious and cancer diseases. The further use of dsRNA for the correction of pathological processes of different origin is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- E D Danilenko
- Institute of Medical Biotechnology, State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology "Vector", Berdsk, Russia
| | - A O Belkina
- Institute of Medical Biotechnology, State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology "Vector", Berdsk, Russia
| | - G M Sysoeva
- Institute of Medical Biotechnology, State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology "Vector", Berdsk, Russia
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21
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Lacoma A, Mateo L, Blanco I, Méndez MJ, Rodrigo C, Latorre I, Villar-Hernandez R, Domínguez J, Prat C. Impact of Host Genetics and Biological Response Modifiers on Respiratory Tract Infections. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1013. [PMID: 31134083 PMCID: PMC6513887 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Host susceptibility to respiratory tract infections (RTI) is dependent on both genetic and acquired risk factors. Repeated bacterial and viral RTI, such as pneumonia from encapsulated microorganisms, respiratory tract infections related to respiratory syncytial virus or influenza, and even the development of bronchiectasis and asthma, are often reported as the first symptom of primary immunodeficiencies. In the same way, neutropenia is a well-known risk factor for invasive aspergillosis, as well as lymphopenia for Pneumocystis, and mycobacterial infections. However, in the last decades a better knowledge of immune signaling networks and the introduction of next generation sequencing have increased the number and diversity of known inborn errors of immunity. On the other hand, the use of monoclonal antibodies targeting cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor alpha has revealed new risk groups for infections, such as tuberculosis. The use of biological response modifiers has spread to almost all medical specialties, including inflammatory diseases and neoplasia, and are being used to target different signaling networks that may mirror some of the known immune deficiencies. From a clinical perspective, the individual contribution of genetics, and/or targeted treatments, to immune dysregulation is difficult to assess. The aim of this article is to review the known and newly described mechanisms of impaired immune signaling that predispose to RTI, including new insights into host genetics and the impact of biological response modifiers, and to summarize clinical recommendations regarding vaccines and prophylactic treatments in order to prevent infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Lacoma
- Servei de Microbiologia, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Institut d'Investigació Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lourdes Mateo
- Servei de Reumatologia, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Institut d'Investigació Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ignacio Blanco
- Clinical Genetics and Genetic Counseling Program, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Institut d'Investigació Germans Trias i Pujol, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria J Méndez
- Servei de Pediatria, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Institut d'Investigació GermansTrias i Pujol, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlos Rodrigo
- Servei de Pediatria, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Facultat de Medicina, Unitat Docent Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Irene Latorre
- Servei de Microbiologia, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Institut d'Investigació Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Raquel Villar-Hernandez
- Servei de Microbiologia, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Institut d'Investigació Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jose Domínguez
- Servei de Microbiologia, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Institut d'Investigació Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Prat
- Servei de Microbiologia, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Institut d'Investigació Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias, Barcelona, Spain
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Bengoechea JA, Sa Pessoa J. Klebsiella pneumoniae infection biology: living to counteract host defences. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2019; 43:123-144. [PMID: 30452654 PMCID: PMC6435446 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuy043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 277] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Klebsiella species cause a wide range of diseases including pneumonia, urinary tract infections (UTIs), bloodstream infections and sepsis. These infections are particularly a problem among neonates, elderly and immunocompromised individuals. Klebsiella is also responsible for a significant number of community-acquired infections. A defining feature of these infections is their morbidity and mortality, and the Klebsiella strains associated with them are considered hypervirulent. The increasing isolation of multidrug-resistant strains has significantly narrowed, or in some settings completely removed, the therapeutic options for the treatment of Klebsiella infections. Not surprisingly, this pathogen has then been singled out as an 'urgent threat to human health' by several organisations. This review summarises the tremendous progress that has been made to uncover the sophisticated immune evasion strategies of K. pneumoniae. The co-evolution of Klebsiella in response to the challenge of an activated immune has made Klebsiella a formidable pathogen exploiting stealth strategies and actively suppressing innate immune defences to overcome host responses to survive in the tissues. A better understanding of Klebsiella immune evasion strategies in the context of the host-pathogen interactions is pivotal to develop new therapeutics, which can be based on antagonising the anti-immune strategies of this pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- José A Bengoechea
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Joana Sa Pessoa
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
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