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Fan Y, Shi B. Endophytic Fungi from the Four Staple Crops and Their Secondary Metabolites. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6057. [PMID: 38892244 PMCID: PMC11173346 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25116057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Endophytic fungi are present in every plant, and crops are no exception. There are more than 50,000 edible plant species on the planet, but only 15 crops provide 90 percent of the global energy intake, and "the big four"-wheat, rice, maize and potato-are staples for about 5 billion people. Not only do the four staple crops contribute to global food security, but the endophytic fungi within their plant tissues are complex ecosystems that have been under scrutiny. This review presents an outline of the endophytic fungi and their secondary metabolites in four staple crops: wheat, rice, maize and potato. A total of 292 endophytic fungi were identified from the four major crops, with wheat having the highest number of 157 endophytic fungi. Potato endophytic fungi had the highest number of secondary metabolites, totaling 204 compounds, compared with only 23 secondary metabolites from the other three crops containing endophytic fungi. Some of the compounds are those with specific structural and pharmacological activities, which may be beneficial to agrochemistry and medicinal chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Baobao Shi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, China;
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2
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Duan X, Zhou R, Cao L. Endosphere mycobiome in mature rice roots originate from both seedlings and soils. Braz J Microbiol 2024:10.1007/s42770-024-01384-0. [PMID: 38802686 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-024-01384-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Plant-fungus symbioses have functional relevance during plant growth and development. However, it is still unknown whether the endosphere fungi in mature plants originated from soils or seeds. To elucidate the origination of endosphere fungi in mature rice roots, the fungal communities in surface sterilized roots and shoots of mature rice plants germinated in soils, rhizosphere soils and seedlings germinated under sterile conditions were analyzed by Illumina-based sequencing and compared. Total 62 fungal OTUs shared in the seedlings, shoots and roots, 126 OTUs shared in the rhizosphere soils, shoots and roots. Fungal OTUs coexisted in the four types of samples belonged to genera of Rhizophagus, Trichoderma, Fusarium, Atractiella, Myrmecridium, Sporothrix, Microdochium, Massariosphaeria, and Phialemonium. The principle component analysis (PCA) and NMDS plot suggested that the fungal community structure in rhizosphere soils was different from that in seedlings significantly. Rhizosphere soil, shoot and root contained more similar fungal community. The fungal community in seedling was similar to that in shoot and root of mature plants. The results suggested that endophytic fungal communities in mature rice plants originated from both seedlings and rhizosphere soils, and more fungal taxa originated from rhizosphere soils. Mature rice plants contain mycobiome transmitted vertically from seeds, which suggests that inoculation of endophytic fungi isolated from seedlings might be an effective way to introduce beneficial fungal inoculants into rice plants successfully.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianli Duan
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 510275, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruihong Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 510275, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lixiang Cao
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 510275, Guangzhou, China.
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3
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Sidhoum W, Dib S, Alim Y, Anseur S, Benlatreche S, Belaidouni ZM, Chamouma FEZ. Growth-promoting effects of Aspergillus Elegans and the dark septate endophyte (DSE) Periconia macrospinosa on cucumber. Arch Microbiol 2024; 206:226. [PMID: 38642120 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-024-03958-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
Cucurbits are subject to a variety of stresses that limit their sustainable production, despite their important role in ensuring food security and nutrition. Plant stress tolerance can be enhanced through fungal endophytes. In this study, two endophytes isolated from wild plant roots, were tested to determine their effect on the growth promotion of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) plants. The phylogenetic analysis revealed that the designated isolates were Aspergillus elegans and Periconia macrospinosa. The results of the Plant Growth Promoting Fungal (PGPF) tests showed that both Aspergillus elegans and Periconia macrospinosa have a zinc solubilizing capacity, especially A. elegans, with a solubilization index higher than 80%. Also, both have a high salt tolerance (10-15% NaCl for P. macrospinosa and A. elegans, respectively), cellulolytic activity, and inhibition indices of 40-64.53%. A. elegans and P. macrospinosa had antagonistic effects against the cucumber phytopathogenic fungi Verticillium dahliae and Fusarium oxysporum, respectively. However, A. elegans and P. macrospinosa didn't exhibit certain potential plant benefits, such as the production of hydrogen cyanide (HCN) and phosphate solubilization. The chlorophyll content and growth parameters of two-month-old cucumber plants inoculated with the fungal species were significantly better than those of the controls (non-inoculated); the shoot dry weights of inoculated plants were increased by 138% and 170% for A. elegans and P. macrospinosa, respectively; and the root colonization by fungal endophytes has also been demonstrated. In addition to the fact that P. macrospinosa has long been known as PGPF, this is the first time that the ability of A. elegans to modulate host plant growth has been demonstrated, with the potential to be used as a biofertilizer in sustainable agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Warda Sidhoum
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Microorganismes et Biotechnologie, Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, University Oran 1, Es Senia, 31100, Algerie.
- Département de Biologie, Université de Mostaganem Abdel Hamid Ibn Badis, Mostaganem, 27000, Algerie.
| | - Soulef Dib
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Microorganismes et Biotechnologie, Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, University Oran 1, Es Senia, 31100, Algerie
| | - Yousra Alim
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Microorganismes et Biotechnologie, Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, University Oran 1, Es Senia, 31100, Algerie
| | - Sarra Anseur
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Microorganismes et Biotechnologie, Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, University Oran 1, Es Senia, 31100, Algerie
| | - Sabrina Benlatreche
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Microorganismes et Biotechnologie, Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, University Oran 1, Es Senia, 31100, Algerie
| | | | - Fatiha El Zahra Chamouma
- Département de Biologie, Université de Mostaganem Abdel Hamid Ibn Badis, Mostaganem, 27000, Algerie
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4
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Karačić S, Palmer B, Gee CT, Bierbaum G. Oxygen-dependent biofilm dynamics in leaf decay: an in vitro analysis. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6728. [PMID: 38509138 PMCID: PMC10955112 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-57223-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Biofilms are important in the natural process of plant tissue degradation. However, fundamental knowledge of biofilm community structure and succession on decaying leaves under different oxygen conditions is limited. Here, we used 16S rRNA and ITS gene amplicon sequencing to investigate the composition, temporal dynamics, and community assembly processes of bacterial and fungal biofilms on decaying leaves in vitro. Leaves harvested from three plant species were immersed in lake water under aerobic and anaerobic conditions in vitro for three weeks. Biofilm-covered leaf samples were collected weekly and investigated by scanning electron microscopy. The results showed that community composition differed significantly between biofilm samples under aerobic and anaerobic conditions, though not among plant species. Over three weeks, a clear compositional shift of the bacterial and fungal biofilm communities was observed. The alpha diversity of prokaryotes increased over time in aerobic assays and decreased under anaerobic conditions. Oxygen availability and incubation time were found to be primary factors influencing the microbial diversity of biofilms on different decaying plant species in vitro. Null models suggest that stochastic processes governed the assembly of biofilm communities of decaying leaves in vitro in the early stages of biofilm formation and were further shaped by niche-associated factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabina Karačić
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany.
| | - Brianne Palmer
- Bonn Institute of Organismic Biology, Division of Paleontology, University of Bonn, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Carole T Gee
- Bonn Institute of Organismic Biology, Division of Paleontology, University of Bonn, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Gabriele Bierbaum
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany
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5
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Holkar SK, Ghotgalkar PS, Markad HN, Bhanbhane VC, Saha S, Banerjee K. Current Status and Future Perspectives on Distribution of Fungal Endophytes and Their Utilization for Plant Growth Promotion and Management of Grapevine Diseases. Curr Microbiol 2024; 81:116. [PMID: 38489076 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-024-03635-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Grapevine is one of the economically most important fruit crops cultivated worldwide. Grape production is significantly affected by biotic constraints leading to heavy crop losses. Changing climatic conditions leading to widespread occurrence of different foliar diseases in grapevine. Chemical products are used for managing these diseases through preventive and curative application in the vineyard. High disease pressure and indiscriminate use of chemicals leading to residue in the final harvest and resistance development in phytopathogens. To mitigate these challenges, the adoption of potential biocontrol control agents is necessary. Moreover, multifaceted benefits of endophytes made them eco-friendly, and environmentally safe approach. The genetic composition, physiological conditions, and ecology of their host plant have an impact on their dispersion patterns and population diversity. Worldwide, a total of more than 164 fungal endophytes (FEs) have been characterized originating from different tissues, varieties, crop growth stages, and geographical regions of grapevine. These diverse FEs have been used extensively for management of different phytopathogens globally. The FEs produce secondary metabolites, lytic enzymes, and organic compounds which are known to possess antimicrobial and antifungal properties. The aim of this review was to understand diversity, distribution, host-pathogen-endophyte interaction, role of endophytes in disease management and for enhanced, and quality production.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Sujoy Saha
- ICAR-National Research Centre for Grapes, Pune, Maharashtra, 412307, India
| | - Kaushik Banerjee
- ICAR-National Research Centre for Grapes, Pune, Maharashtra, 412307, India
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6
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Dhevi V. Sundar R, Arunachalam S. Endophytic fungi of Tradescantia pallida mediated targeting of Multi-Drug resistant human pathogens. Saudi J Biol Sci 2024; 31:103937. [PMID: 38352729 PMCID: PMC10863426 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2024.103937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has emerged as one of the most serious worldwide public health issues of the twenty-first century. The expeditious rise of AMR has urged the development of new, natural effective therapeutic strategies against drug-resistant pathogens. Endophytic fungi, which inhabit distinctive environments like endosymbiotic relationships with plants, are gaining interest as alternative reservoirs for novel compounds that exhibit a broad range of chemical diversity and unique modes of action by releasing a variety of secondary metabolites with antimicrobial properties. The objective of the current research was to isolate and identify endophytic fungal species from leaves of Tradescantia pallida and to investigate their antagonistic effects on Multi-Drug-Resistant human pathogens. Endophytic fungus TPL11 and TPL14 showed maximum inhibition in agar plug and agar well diffusion assay. The ethyl acetate crude extract effectively suppressed growth of MRSA (Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus) ATCC 43300,700699 strains and VRE (Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus) with the Inhibition zone of 22 ± 0.05, 23 ± 0.11 and 24 ± 0.11 mm respectively with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 3.125 µg/mL. Whereas TPL11 fungus revealed antibiosis of 22 ± 0.05 and 21 ± 0.15 mm against MRSA(ATCC 43300,700699) and 24 ± 0.05 mm for VRE with MIC of 6.25,3.125 and 1.56 μg/mL respectively. The MIC (Minimum inhibitory concentration) index further confirmed that both the extracts were bacteriostatic against MRSA and bactericidal against VRE. The isolates TPL11 and TPL14 were identified as Fusarium oxysporum and Nigrospora sphaerica by 18S rRNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequencing. To our insight, it is the first report to reveal the presence of F.oxysporum and N.sphaerica in T.pallida and their antibacterial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjitha Dhevi V. Sundar
- School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 14, India
- VIT School of Agricultural Innovations and Advanced Learning, VIT, Vellore, India
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7
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Bolívar-Anillo HJ, Izquierdo-Bueno I, González-Rey E, González-Rodríguez VE, Cantoral JM, Collado IG, Garrido C. In Vitro Analysis of the Antagonistic Biological and Chemical Interactions between the Endophyte Sordaria tomento-alba and the Phytopathogen Botrytis cinerea. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1022. [PMID: 38256097 PMCID: PMC10816056 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25021022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Plant pathogenic infections causing substantial global food losses are a persistent challenge. This study investigates a potential biocontrol strategy against the necrotrophic fungus Botrytis cinerea using the endophytic fungus Sordaria tomento-alba isolated from Gliricidia sepium in Colombia. Today, synthetic fungicides dominate B. cinerea control, raising environmental and health concerns. S. tomento-alba exhibits notable in vitro effects, inhibiting B. cinerea growth by approximately 60% during co-culture and 50% in double disc co-culture. Additionally, it suppresses botryanes production and produces the compound heptacyclosordariolone, which has proven effective in inhibiting B. cinerea mycelial growth and spore germination in vitro. This biocontrol agent could be a potential eco-friendly alternative to replace synthetic fungicides. Our study provides insights into the chemical and biological mechanisms underpinning the antagonistic activity of S. tomento-alba, emphasizing the need for further research to understand its biosynthesis pathways and optimize its biocontrol potential. It also contributes molecular evidence of fungal interactions with implications for advanced forums in molecular studies in biology and chemistry, particularly in addressing plant pathogenic infections and promoting sustainable agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hernando José Bolívar-Anillo
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Cádiz, Puerto Real, 11510 Cadiz, Spain; (H.J.B.-A.); (I.I.-B.); (E.G.-R.)
- Programa de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas y Biomédicas, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Barranquilla 080002, Colombia
| | - Inmaculada Izquierdo-Bueno
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Cádiz, Puerto Real, 11510 Cadiz, Spain; (H.J.B.-A.); (I.I.-B.); (E.G.-R.)
- Departamento de Biomedicina, Biotecnología y Salud Pública, Área de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Ambientales, Universidad de Cádiz, Puerto Real, 11510 Cadiz, Spain; (V.E.G.-R.); (J.M.C.)
| | - Estrella González-Rey
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Cádiz, Puerto Real, 11510 Cadiz, Spain; (H.J.B.-A.); (I.I.-B.); (E.G.-R.)
| | - Victoria E. González-Rodríguez
- Departamento de Biomedicina, Biotecnología y Salud Pública, Área de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Ambientales, Universidad de Cádiz, Puerto Real, 11510 Cadiz, Spain; (V.E.G.-R.); (J.M.C.)
| | - Jesús M. Cantoral
- Departamento de Biomedicina, Biotecnología y Salud Pública, Área de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Ambientales, Universidad de Cádiz, Puerto Real, 11510 Cadiz, Spain; (V.E.G.-R.); (J.M.C.)
| | - Isidro G. Collado
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Cádiz, Puerto Real, 11510 Cadiz, Spain; (H.J.B.-A.); (I.I.-B.); (E.G.-R.)
| | - Carlos Garrido
- Departamento de Biomedicina, Biotecnología y Salud Pública, Área de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Ambientales, Universidad de Cádiz, Puerto Real, 11510 Cadiz, Spain; (V.E.G.-R.); (J.M.C.)
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8
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Sun J, Yang XQ, Wan JL, Han HL, Zhao YD, Cai L, Yang YB, Ding ZT. The antifungal metabolites isolated from maize endophytic fungus Fusarium sp. induced by OSMAC strategy. Fitoterapia 2023; 171:105710. [PMID: 37866423 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2023.105710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Six new sesquiterpenes, fusarchlamols A-F (1, 2, 4-7); one new natural product of sesquiterpenoid, methyltricinonoate (3); and ten known compounds were found from Fusarium sp. cultured in two different media by the one strain many compounds strategy. The compounds (1, 2, and 4-11) were isolated from Fusarium sp. in PDB medium, and compounds (3-5, 8, and 10-17) were discovered from Fusarium sp. in coffee medium. Additionally, the configuration of 8 was first reported in the research by Mosher's method. The structures were established by 1D, 2D NMR, mass spectrometry, calculated ECD spectra, and Mosher's method. Compounds 1, 2, 6/7, 12, and 16 indicated significant antifungal activities against the phytopathogen Alternaria alternata isolated from Coffea arabica with MICs of 1 μg/mL. The investigation on the anti-phytopathogen activity of metabolites can provide lead compounds for agrochemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Sun
- Functional Molecules Analysis and Biotransformation Key Laboratory of Universities in Yunnan Province, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry Education and Yunnan Province, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue-Qiong Yang
- Functional Molecules Analysis and Biotransformation Key Laboratory of Universities in Yunnan Province, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry Education and Yunnan Province, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie-Liang Wan
- Functional Molecules Analysis and Biotransformation Key Laboratory of Universities in Yunnan Province, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry Education and Yunnan Province, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai-Li Han
- Functional Molecules Analysis and Biotransformation Key Laboratory of Universities in Yunnan Province, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry Education and Yunnan Province, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying-Die Zhao
- Functional Molecules Analysis and Biotransformation Key Laboratory of Universities in Yunnan Province, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry Education and Yunnan Province, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, People's Republic of China
| | - Le Cai
- Functional Molecules Analysis and Biotransformation Key Laboratory of Universities in Yunnan Province, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry Education and Yunnan Province, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya-Bin Yang
- Functional Molecules Analysis and Biotransformation Key Laboratory of Universities in Yunnan Province, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry Education and Yunnan Province, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhong-Tao Ding
- Functional Molecules Analysis and Biotransformation Key Laboratory of Universities in Yunnan Province, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry Education and Yunnan Province, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, People's Republic of China; College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, People's Republic of China.
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9
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Suraby EJ, Agisha VN, Dhandapani S, Sng YH, Lim SH, Naqvi NI, Sarojam R, Yin Z, Park BS. Plant growth promotion under phosphate deficiency and improved phosphate acquisition by new fungal strain, Penicillium olsonii TLL1. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1285574. [PMID: 37965551 PMCID: PMC10642178 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1285574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbiomes in soil ecosystems play a significant role in solubilizing insoluble inorganic and organic phosphate sources with low availability and mobility in the soil. They transfer the phosphate ion to plants, thereby promoting plant growth. In this study, we isolated an unidentified fungal strain, POT1 (Penicillium olsonii TLL1) from indoor dust samples, and confirmed its ability to promote root growth, especially under phosphate deficiency, as well as solubilizing activity for insoluble phosphates such as AlPO4, FePO4·4H2O, Ca3(PO4)2, and hydroxyapatite. Indeed, in vermiculite containing low and insoluble phosphate, the shoot fresh weight of Arabidopsis and leafy vegetables increased by 2-fold and 3-fold, respectively, with POT1 inoculation. We also conducted tests on crops in Singapore's local soil, which contains highly insoluble phosphate. We confirmed that with POT1, Bok Choy showed a 2-fold increase in shoot fresh weight, and Rice displayed a 2-fold increase in grain yield. Furthermore, we demonstrated that plant growth promotion and phosphate solubilizing activity of POT1 were more effective than those of four different Penicillium strains such as Penicillium bilaiae, Penicillium chrysogenum, Penicillium janthinellum, and Penicillium simplicissimum under phosphate-limiting conditions. Our findings uncover a new fungal strain, provide a better understanding of symbiotic plant-fungal interactions, and suggest the potential use of POT1 as a biofertilizer to improve phosphate uptake and use efficiency in phosphate-limiting conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erinjery Jose Suraby
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Savitha Dhandapani
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yee Hwui Sng
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shi Hui Lim
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Naweed I. Naqvi
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Rajani Sarojam
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Zhongchao Yin
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Bong Soo Park
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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10
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Deng BQ, Chen MQ, Wang HX, Wang XX, Zhao H, Li CH, Qin SY, Hu D, Chen GD, Gao H. Two new alkaloids from a strain of endophytic fungus Aspergillus sp. JOURNAL OF ASIAN NATURAL PRODUCTS RESEARCH 2023; 25:957-967. [PMID: 36729489 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2023.2173180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
19-Hydroxybrevianamide M (1) and 6 R-methoxybrevianamide V (2), two new alkaloids, were isolated from an extract of the endophytic fungus Aspergillus sp. JNU18HC0517J, together with six known analogues (3- 8). Their structures were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analyses, NMR calculations, and ECD calculations. 6 R-methoxybrevianamide V (2) was the first L-proline indole DKP alkaloid with substitution at C-6 on the proline ring. Furthermore, the cytotoxities and antimicrobial activities of these isolated compounds were also evaluated. Compound 8 exhibited moderate antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus 209 P with a minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of 16 µg/ml.[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei-Qian Deng
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products College of Pharmacy/Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research/ International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Ministry of Education (MOE) of China, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Ming-Qi Chen
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products College of Pharmacy/Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research/ International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Ministry of Education (MOE) of China, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Hong-Xiao Wang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products College of Pharmacy/Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research/ International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Ministry of Education (MOE) of China, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xiao-Xia Wang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products College of Pharmacy/Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research/ International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Ministry of Education (MOE) of China, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Huan Zhao
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Chuan-Hui Li
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products College of Pharmacy/Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research/ International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Ministry of Education (MOE) of China, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Sheng-Ying Qin
- Clinical Experimental Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Dan Hu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products College of Pharmacy/Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research/ International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Ministry of Education (MOE) of China, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Guo-Dong Chen
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products College of Pharmacy/Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research/ International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Ministry of Education (MOE) of China, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Hao Gao
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products College of Pharmacy/Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research/ International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Ministry of Education (MOE) of China, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
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11
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Gateta T, Nacoon S, Seemakram W, Ekprasert J, Theerakulpisut P, Sanitchon J, Suwannarach N, Boonlue S. The Potential of Endophytic Fungi for Enhancing the Growth and Accumulation of Phenolic Compounds and Anthocyanin in Maled Phai Rice ( Oryza sativa L.). J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:937. [PMID: 37755044 PMCID: PMC10532753 DOI: 10.3390/jof9090937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the most popular cereal crops, being consumed by almost half of the world's population. Among several cultivars widely distributed in Thailand, Maled Phai is a Thai pigmented-upland rice with exceptionally high nutritional value and high demand in the local Thai market. This study aimed to investigate the feasibility of producing plant growth-promoting properties (PGP) and enhancing the accumulation of phytochemicals in Maled Phai rice seeds of endophytic fungi isolated from upland black rice. Among a total of 56 isolates, the 4 most effective PGP isolates were identified as Trichoderma zelobreve PBMP16, Talaromyces pinophilus PBMP28, Aspergillus flavus KKMP34, and Trichoderma sp. PBMP4 based on their morphological characteristics and multigene (ITS, rpb2, tef-1, CaM, and BenA) phylogenetic analyses. These four endophytic fungi could promote plant growth parameters under greenhouse conditions. Outstandingly, upland rice inoculated with Tr. zelobreve PBMP16 had a significant increase in total seed weight, root length, phenolic compounds, anthocyanin, antioxidants, and N uptake, which were higher than those of the noninoculated control, and even better than the chemical fertilizer. Overall, this report shows that endophytic fungi efficiently promoted growth and increased the phenolic compounds, anthocyanin, and antioxidants of Maled Phai rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanawan Gateta
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (T.G.); (S.N.); (W.S.); (J.E.)
| | - Sabaiporn Nacoon
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (T.G.); (S.N.); (W.S.); (J.E.)
| | - Wasan Seemakram
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (T.G.); (S.N.); (W.S.); (J.E.)
| | - Jindarat Ekprasert
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (T.G.); (S.N.); (W.S.); (J.E.)
| | - Piyada Theerakulpisut
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand;
- Salt-Tolerant Rice Research Group, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Jirawat Sanitchon
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand;
| | - Nakarin Suwannarach
- Center of Excellence in Microbial Diversity and Sustainable Utilization, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
| | - Sophon Boonlue
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (T.G.); (S.N.); (W.S.); (J.E.)
- Salt-Tolerant Rice Research Group, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
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12
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Yang D, Lin X, Wei Y, Li Z, Zhang H, Liang T, Yang S, Tan H. Can endophytic microbial compositions in cane roots be shaped by different propagation methods. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0290167. [PMID: 37582116 PMCID: PMC10427008 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0290167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
In practical production, cane stems with buds are generally used as seed for propagation. However, long-terms cane stems only easily lead to some problems such as disease sensitivity, quality loss, etc. Recently, cane seedings, which are produced by tissue culture were used in sugarcane production, but few studies on cane health related to tissue culture seedings. Therefore, to evaluate the immunity and health of sugarcanes growing from different reproduction modes, the endophytic microbial compositions in cane roots between stem and tissue culture seedlings were analyzed using high-throughput techniques. The results showed that the endophytic microbial compositions in cane roots were significant differences between stem and tissue culture seedlings. At the genus level, Pantoea, Bacillus, Streptomyces, Lechevalieria, Pseudomonas, Nocardioides, unclassified_f__Comamonadaceae enriched as the dominant endophytic bacterial genera, and Rhizoctonia, Sarocladium, Scytalidium, Wongia, Fusarium, unclassified_f__Phaeosphaer, unclassified_c__Sordariom, unclassified_f__Stachybot, Poaceascoma, Microdochium, Arnium, Echria, Mycena and Exophiala enriched as the dominant endophytic fungal genera in cane roots growing from the tissue culture seedlings. In contrast, Mycobacterium, Massilia, Ralstonia, unclassified_f__Pseudonocardiacea, norank_f__Micropepsaceae, Leptothrix and Bryobacter were the dominant endophytic bacterial genera, and unclassified_k__Fungi, unclassified_f__Marasmiaceae, Talaromyces, unclassified_c__Sordariomycetes and Trichocladium were the dominant endophytic fungal genera in cane roots growing from stem seedlings. Additionally, the numbers of bacterial and fungal operational taxonomic units (OTUs) in cane roots growing from tissue culture seedlings were significantly higher than those of stem seedlings. It indicates that not only the endophytic microbial compositions in cane roots can be shaped by different propagation methods, but also the stress resistance of sugarcanes can be improved by the tissue culture propagation method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Yang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment and Agro-Products Safety, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Science Education, Agricultural College, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Xinru Lin
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment and Agro-Products Safety, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Science Education, Agricultural College, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Yufei Wei
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment and Agro-Products Safety, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Science Education, Agricultural College, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Zujian Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment and Agro-Products Safety, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Science Education, Agricultural College, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Haodong Zhang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment and Agro-Products Safety, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Science Education, Agricultural College, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Tian Liang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Shangdong Yang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment and Agro-Products Safety, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Science Education, Agricultural College, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Hongwei Tan
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China
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13
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Wang JY, Jayasinghe H, Cho YT, Tsai YC, Chen CY, Doan HK, Ariyawansa HA. Diversity and Biocontrol Potential of Endophytic Fungi and Bacteria Associated with Healthy Welsh Onion Leaves in Taiwan. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1801. [PMID: 37512973 PMCID: PMC10386586 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11071801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Foliar diseases caused by Stemphylium and Colletotrichum species are among the major biotic factors limiting Welsh onion production in Taiwan. Owing to concerns about the environment and the development of pathogen resistance to existing fungicides, biological control using endophytes is emerging as an eco-friendly alternative to chemical control. The aim of the present study was to isolate endophytes from healthy Welsh onion leaves and investigate their antagonistic potential against the major phytopathogenic fungi associated with Welsh onion plants in Taiwan. A total of 109 bacterial and 31 fungal strains were isolated from healthy Welsh onion leaves and assigned to 16 bacterial and nine fungal genera using morphological and molecular characterization based on DNA sequence data obtained from nuclear internal transcribed spacer (nrITS) (fungi) and 16S rRNA (bacteria). Evaluation of these endophytic isolates for biocontrol activity against leaf blight pathogens Colletotrichum spaethianum strain SX15-2 and Stemphylium vesicarium strain SX20-2 by dual culture assay and greenhouse experiments resulted in the identification of two bacterial isolates (GFB08 and LFB28) and two fungal isolates (GFF06 and GFF08) as promising antagonists to leaf blight pathogens. Among the four selected isolates, Bacillus strain GFB08 exhibited the highest disease control in the greenhouse study. Therefore, Bacillus strain GFB08 was further evaluated to understand the mechanism underlying its biocontrol efficacy. A phylogenetic analysis based on six genes identified Bacillus strain GFB08 as B. velezensis. The presence of antimicrobial peptide genes (baer, bamC, bmyB, dfnA, fenD, ituC, mlna, and srfAA) and the secretion of several cell wall degrading enzymes (CWDEs), including cellulase and protease, confirmed the antifungal nature of B. velezensis strain GFB08. Leaf blight disease suppression by preventive and curative assays indicated that B. velezensis strain GFB08 has preventive efficacy on C. spaethianum strain SX15-2 and both preventive and curative efficacy on S. vesicarium strain SX20-2. Overall, the current study revealed that healthy Welsh onion leaves harbour diverse bacterial and fungal endophytes, among which the endophytic bacterial strain, B. velezensis strain GFB08, could potentially be used as a biocontrol agent to manage the leaf blight diseases of Welsh onion in Taiwan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Yuan Wang
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, College of Bio-Resources and Agriculture, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106319, Taiwan
| | - Himanshi Jayasinghe
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, College of Bio-Resources and Agriculture, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106319, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Tun Cho
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, College of Bio-Resources and Agriculture, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106319, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chen Tsai
- Hualien District Agricultural Research and Extension Station, Hualien 973044, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Ying Chen
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, College of Bio-Resources and Agriculture, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106319, Taiwan
| | - Hung Kim Doan
- Small Farms & Specialty Crops Advisor, University of California Cooperative Extension, 2980 Washington Street, Riverside, CA 92504, USA
| | - Hiran A Ariyawansa
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, College of Bio-Resources and Agriculture, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106319, Taiwan
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14
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Jha P, Kaur T, Chhabra I, Panja A, Paul S, Kumar V, Malik T. Endophytic fungi: hidden treasure chest of antimicrobial metabolites interrelationship of endophytes and metabolites. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1227830. [PMID: 37497538 PMCID: PMC10366620 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1227830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Endophytic fungi comprise host-associated fungal communities which thrive within the tissues of host plants and produce a diverse range of secondary metabolites with various bioactive attributes. The metabolites such as phenols, polyketides, saponins, alkaloids help to mitigate biotic and abiotic stresses, fight against pathogen attacks and enhance the plant immune system. We present an overview of the association of endophytic fungal communities with a plant host and discuss molecular mechanisms induced during their symbiotic interaction. The overview focuses on the secondary metabolites (especially those of terpenoid nature) secreted by endophytic fungi and their respective function. The recent advancement in multi-omics approaches paved the way for identification of these metabolites and their characterization via comparative analysis of extensive omics datasets. This study also elaborates on the role of diverse endophytic fungi associated with key agricultural crops and hence important for sustainability of agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, Lovely Faculty of Technology and Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Tamanna Kaur
- Department of Biotechnology, Lovely Faculty of Technology and Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | | | - Avirup Panja
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Sushreeta Paul
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Vijay Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Lovely Faculty of Technology and Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Tabarak Malik
- Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
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15
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Lakhdari W, Benyahia I, Bouhenna MM, Bendif H, Khelafi H, Bachir H, Ladjal A, Hammi H, Mouhoubi D, Khelil H, Alomar TS, AlMasoud N, Boufafa N, Boufahja F, Dehliz A. Exploration and Evaluation of Secondary Metabolites from Trichoderma harzianum: GC-MS Analysis, Phytochemical Profiling, Antifungal and Antioxidant Activity Assessment. Molecules 2023; 28:5025. [PMID: 37446686 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28135025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we investigated in vitro the potential of Trichoderma harzianum to produce bioactive secondary metabolites that can be used as alternatives to synthetic compounds. The study focused on analyzing two extracts of T. harzianum using ethyl acetate and n-butanol solvents with different polarities. The extracts were examined using phytochemical analysis to determine the content of polyphenols, flavonoids, tannins, and alkaloids. Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and Gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) analysis were used to profile volatile organic metabolites (VOCs) present in the extracts. Furthermore, the extracts were tested for their antifungal ability using the poison food technique. For measuring antioxidant activity, the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) test was used. Trichoderma harzianum was shown to have a significantly high content of tannins and alkaloids, with a noticeable difference between the two extracts. GC-MS analysis identified 33 potential compounds with numerous benefits that could be used in agriculture and the medicinal industry. Moreover, strong antifungal activity was identified against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum by 94.44%, Alternaria sp. by 77.04%, and Fusarium solani by 51.48; similarly, the IC50 of antioxidant activity was estimated for ethyl acetate extract by 71.47% and n-butanol extract by 56.01%. This leads to the conclusion that Trichoderma harzianum VOCs play a significant role as an antifungal and antioxidant agent when taking into account the advantageous bioactive chemicals noted in the extracts. However, to our knowledge, this is the first study in Algeria presenting detailed phytochemical analysis and GC-MS profiling of Trichoderma harzianum for two extracts, ethyl acetate and n-butanol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wassima Lakhdari
- National Institute of Agronomic Research of Algeria, Touggourt 30200, Algeria
- Valcore Laboratory, Biology Department, Faculty of Life and Nature Sciences, University of Boumerdes, Boumerdes 35000, Algeria
| | - Ibtissem Benyahia
- Laboratory of Biogeochemistry and Desert Environments, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Material Sciences, University of Kasdi Merbah, Ouargla 30000, Algeria
| | - Mustapha Mounir Bouhenna
- Scientific and Technical Center of Research in Physical and Chemical Analysis (CRAPC), Bou-Ismail 42004, Algeria
| | - Hamdi Bendif
- Department of Natural and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of M'sila, M'sila 28000, Algeria
| | - Hafida Khelafi
- Valcore Laboratory, Biology Department, Faculty of Life and Nature Sciences, University of Boumerdes, Boumerdes 35000, Algeria
| | - Hakim Bachir
- Division of Hydraulic and Bioclimatology, National Institute of Agronomic Research (INRA), Algers 16000, Algeria
| | - Amel Ladjal
- Valcore Laboratory, Biology Department, Faculty of Life and Nature Sciences, University of Boumerdes, Boumerdes 35000, Algeria
| | - Hamida Hammi
- National Institute of Agronomic Research of Algeria, Touggourt 30200, Algeria
| | | | | | - Taghrid S Alomar
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84427, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Najla AlMasoud
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84427, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Fehmi Boufahja
- Biology Department, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh 11623, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abderrahmene Dehliz
- National Institute of Agronomic Research of Algeria, Touggourt 30200, Algeria
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16
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Hernández-Tasco AJ, Tronchini RA, Apaza-Castillo GA, Hosaka GK, Quiñones NR, Goulart MC, Fantinatti-Garboggini F, Salvador MJ. Diversity of bacterial and fungal endo phytic communities presents in the leaf blades of Sinningia magnifica, Sinningia schiffneri and Sinningia speciosa from different cladus of Gesneriaceae family: a comparative analysis in three consecutive years. Microbiol Res 2023; 271:127365. [PMID: 37011509 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2023.127365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Sinningia is a genus of plants of Gesneriaceae family with species native to Brazil and is a source of several classes of bioactive secondary metabolites, such as quinones, terpenoids, flavonoids, and phenylethanoid glycosides. However, the diversity of endophytic microorganisms associated with them and the impact of endophytes on the biosynthesis of bioactive substances is unknown. Therefore, we sought to evaluate the microbial diversity, behavior, and frequency of endophytes in leaves blades of S. magnifica, S. schiffneri, and S. speciosa. These plants were collected in different regions and environments of Brazil and were studied comparatively for three consecutive years. The total DNA obtained from the blades of the plant leaves were sequenced by the Illumina MiSeq platform, followed by bioinformatics analysis to assess the microbial diversity of endophytes associated with each plant species and study year. The results of the taxonomic diversity showed a dynamic microbial community, which contained several bacterial phyla among them, Actinomycetota, Bacteroidota, Bacillota, and Pseudomonadota, and for the fungal phyla Ascomycota and Basidiomycota. Comparing the three years of study, the richness of the genera, over time, was decreasing, with signs of recovery towards the third year. The alpha and beta diversity indices confirm a great phylogenetic richness in the endophytic communities of bacteria and fungi associated with the leaf blades of Sinningia. However, these communities are comparatively little conserved, showing population and taxonomic changes of the microorganisms over time, possibly as a measure of adjustment to environmental conditions, evidencing both its fragility and versatility against the effects of environmental change on its endophytic microbial communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvaro José Hernández-Tasco
- Institute of Biology, Department of Plant Biology, PPG-BTPB, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil.
| | - Rafaela Aparecida Tronchini
- Institute of Biology, Department of Plant Biology, PPG-BTPB, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Guilherme Kenichi Hosaka
- Department of Genetics, "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo (USP), Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Nataly Ruiz Quiñones
- Research Center for Chemical, Biological and Agricultural Pluridisciplinary (CPQBA), Division of Microbiol Resources, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Av. Alexandre Cazellato, 999, 13148-218 Paulínia, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcela Cristina Goulart
- Research Center for Chemical, Biological and Agricultural Pluridisciplinary (CPQBA), Division of Microbiol Resources, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Av. Alexandre Cazellato, 999, 13148-218 Paulínia, SP, Brazil
| | - Fabiana Fantinatti-Garboggini
- Research Center for Chemical, Biological and Agricultural Pluridisciplinary (CPQBA), Division of Microbiol Resources, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Av. Alexandre Cazellato, 999, 13148-218 Paulínia, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcos José Salvador
- Institute of Biology, Department of Plant Biology, PPG-BTPB, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil.
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17
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Biodegradation of Aflatoxin B1 in Maize Grains and Suppression of Its Biosynthesis-Related Genes Using Endophytic Trichoderma harzianum AYM3. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:jof9020209. [PMID: 36836323 PMCID: PMC9964583 DOI: 10.3390/jof9020209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Aflatoxin B1 is one of the most deleterious types of mycotoxins. The application of an endophytic fungus for biodegradation or biosuppression of AFB1 production by Aspergillus flavus was investigated. About 10 endophytic fungal species, isolated from healthy maize plants, were screened for their in vitro AFs-degrading activity using coumarin medium. The highest degradation potential was recorded for Trichoderma sp. (76.8%). This endophyte was identified using the rDNA-ITS sequence as Trichoderma harzianum AYM3 and assigned an accession no. of ON203053. It caused a 65% inhibition in the growth of A. flavus AYM2 in vitro. HPLC analysis revealed that T. harzianum AYM3 had a biodegradation potential against AFB1. Co-culturing of T. harazianum AYM3 and A. flavus AYM2 on maize grains led to a significant suppression (67%) in AFB1 production. GC-MS analysis identified two AFB1-suppressing compounds, acetic acid and n-propyl acetate. Investigating effect on the transcriptional expression of five AFB1 biosynthesis-related genes in A. flavus AYM2 revealed the downregulating effects of T. harzianum AYM3 metabolites on expression of aflP and aflS genes. Using HepaRG cell line, the cytotoxicity assay indicated that T. harazianum AYM3 metabolites were safe. Based on these results, it can be concluded that T. harzianum AYM3 may be used to suppress AFB1 production in maize grains.
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18
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Govindappa M, Vishaka A, Akshatha BS, Popli D, Sunayana N, Srinivas C, Pugazhendhi A, Raghavendra VB. An endophytic fungus, Penicillium simplicissimum conjugated with C60 fullerene for its potential antimitotic, anti-inflammatory, anticancer and photodegradation activities. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2023; 44:817-831. [PMID: 34559029 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2021.1985621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, endophytic fungus, Penicillium simplicissimum isolated from Loranthus micranthus was used to analyze phytochemical studies by qualitative and GC-MS methods. The endophytic fungus P. simplicissimum yielded novel compound penisimplicissin identified through GC-MS studies. Further, P. simplicissimum was conjugated with C60 fullerene nanoparticles (Ps-FNPs) were verified using UV-vis spectra, XRD, FTIR, DLS, EDX and SEM. Ps-FNPs was confirmed using UV-visible spectra with a peak at 260 nm. The IR bands were recorded at 2085, 1428, 1181, 661, 652, 644, 628, and 604 cm-1. The Ps-FNPs treated cells showed a nucleolar shrinkage and cell arrest atprophase, binuclear and multinucleolar cells, a chromosomal bridge and diversion at anaphase was observed, whereas, chromosomal fragment and abnormal distribution at metaphase stage. The Ps-FNPs exhibited a noteworthy anticancer activity on lung cancer cell line H1975 through cytotoxicity. The cytotoxicity was induced by increasing caspase-3, 7, and 9 activities and also showed highest inhibition in xanthine oxidase and COX-II assay proved good anti-inflammatory activity. Ps-FNPs have been extensively studied for photocatalytic activity test against Rhodamine B, Methylene blue and nigrosine showed potential dye degradation in the presence of sunlight proved to be novel photocatalysts. With all the results recorded, Ps-FNPs also have a synergetic effect having on anti-mitotic, anticancer, anti-inflammation potential and photocatalytic degradation of dyes. Hence, the conjugated Ps-FNPs could be one of the potent nano-drug formulations in future. Thus, the present study gives a clear idea of the multifaceted therapeutic and photocatalytic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Govindappa
- Department of Studies in Botany, Davanagere University, Davanagere, India
| | - A Vishaka
- Department of Biotechnology, Dayananda Sagar College of Engineering, Bengaluru, India
| | - B S Akshatha
- Department of Biotechnology, Dayananda Sagar College of Engineering, Bengaluru, India
| | - Dimple Popli
- Department of Biotechnology, Dayananda Sagar College of Engineering, Bengaluru, India
| | - N Sunayana
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - C Srinivas
- Department of Biotechnology and Microbiology, Bangalore University, Bengaluru, India
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19
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Wen J, Okyere SK, Wang J, Huang R, Wang Y, Liu L, Nong X, Hu Y. Endophytic Fungi Isolated from Ageratina adenophora Exhibits Potential Antimicrobial Activity against Multidrug-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:650. [PMID: 36771733 PMCID: PMC9920656 DOI: 10.3390/plants12030650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Multidrug-resistant bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) cause infections that are difficult to treat globally, even with current available antibiotics. Therefore, there is an urgent need to search for novel antibiotics to tackle this problem. Endophytes are a potential source of novel bioactive compounds; however, the harnessing of novel pharmacological compounds from endophytes is infinite. Therefore, this study was designed to identify endophytic fungi (from Ageratina adenophora) with antibacterial activity against multidrug-resistant bacteria. Using fungal morphology and ITS-rDNA, endophytic fungi with antibacterial activities were isolated from A. adenophora. The results of the ITS rDNA sequence analysis showed that a total of 124 morphotype strains were identified. In addition, Species richness (S, 52), Margalef index (D/, 7.3337), Shannon-Wiener index (H/,3.6745), and Simpson's diversity index (D, 0.9304) showed that A. adenophora have abundant endophytic fungi resources. Furthermore, the results of the agar well diffusion showed that the Penicillium sclerotigenum, Diaporthe kochmanii, and Pestalotiopsis trachycarpicola endophytic fungi's ethyl acetate extracts showed moderate antibacterial and bactericidal activities, against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) SMU3194, with a MIC of 0.5-1 mg/mL and a MBC of 1-2 mg/mL. In summary, A. adenophora contains endophytic fungi resources that can be pharmacologically utilized, especially as antibacterial drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Wen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Samuel Kumi Okyere
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Jianchen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Ruya Huang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Ya Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Lin Liu
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xiang Nong
- College of Life Science, Leshan Normal University, Leshan 614000, China
| | - Yanchun Hu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- New Ruipeng Pet Healthcare Group Co., Ltd., Shenzhen 518000, China
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Artigas Ramírez MD, Agake SI, Maeda M, Kojima K, Ohkama-Ohtsu N, Yokoyama T. Diversity of Fast-Growth Spore-Forming Microbes and Their Activity as Plant Partners. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11020232. [PMID: 36838197 PMCID: PMC9961442 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11020232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Biofertilizers are agricultural materials capable of reducing the usage amounts of chemical fertilizers. Spore-forming microorganisms (SFM) could be used for plant growth promotion or to improve plant health. Until now, biofertilizers based on SFM have been applied for rice and other crops. In this study, we isolated and characterized SFM, which were colonized on the Oryza sativa L. roots. SFM were analyzed regarding the short-term effects of biofertilization on the nursery growths. Analysis was performed without nitrogen or any inorganic fertilizer and was divided into two groups, including bacteria and fungi. SF-bacteria were dominated by the Firmicutes group, including species from Viridibacillus, Lysinibacillus, Solibacillus, Paenibacillus, Priestia, and mainly Bacillus (50%). The fungi group was classified as Mucoromycota, Basidiomycota, and mainly Ascomycota (80%), with a predominance of Penicillium and Trichoderma species. In plant performance in comparison with B. pumilus TUAT1, some bacteria and fungus isolates significantly improved the early growth of rice, based on 48 h inoculum with 107 CFU mL-1. Furthermore, several SFM showed positive physiological responses under abiotic stress or with limited nutrients such as phosphorous (P). Moreover, the metabolic fingerprint was obtained. The biofertilizer based on SFM could significantly reduce the application of the inorganic fertilizer and improve the lodging resistances of rice, interactively enhancing better plant health and crop production.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Daniela Artigas Ramírez
- Iriomote Station, Tropical Biosphere Research Center, University of the Ryukyus, 870 Uehara, Yaeyama, Taketomi, Okinawa 907-1541, Japan
- Institute of Global Innovation Research, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology (TUAT), Saiwai-cho 3-5-8, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8538, Japan
| | - Shin-ichiro Agake
- Institute of Global Innovation Research, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology (TUAT), Saiwai-cho 3-5-8, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8538, Japan
| | - Masumi Maeda
- Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology (TUAT), Harumi-cho 3-8-8, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8538, Japan
| | - Katsuhiro Kojima
- Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology (TUAT), Saiwai-cho 3-5-8, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8538, Japan
| | - Naoko Ohkama-Ohtsu
- Institute of Global Innovation Research, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology (TUAT), Saiwai-cho 3-5-8, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8538, Japan
- Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology (TUAT), Harumi-cho 3-8-8, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8538, Japan
| | - Tadashi Yokoyama
- Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology (TUAT), Harumi-cho 3-8-8, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8538, Japan
- Faculty of Food and Agricultural Science, Fukushima University, Kanayagawa 1, Fukushima 960-1296, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-24-548-8420
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Tiwari P, Kang S, Bae H. Plant-endophyte associations: Rich yet under-explored sources of novel bioactive molecules and applications. Microbiol Res 2023; 266:127241. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2022.127241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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22
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Wulandari AP, Triani E, Sari K, Prasetyani M, Nurzaman M, Purwati RD, Ermawar RA, Nuraini A. Endophytic microbiome of Boehmeria nivea and their antagonism against latent fungal pathogens in plants. BMC Microbiol 2022; 22:320. [PMID: 36564720 PMCID: PMC9789607 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-022-02737-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pathogenic microbes still become obstacles that can reduce the quality of plant growth, including ramie (Boehmeria nivea) plants. The study identified the microbiome and antagonistic interaction of the endophytic community from the B. nivea is necessary to improve the production of the ramie plant, especially ramie stem organs for fiber materials. RESULTS: Twenty isolates of endophytic microorganisms were obtained from the roots, stems, leaves, and flowers. They were identified using the Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) region of ribosomal (rDNA), and its morphotypes obtained 20 isolates, with a composition of 9 species of bacteria and 11 species of fungi. Besides that, the disease observations on ramie stems showed that four species of pathogenic fungi were identified as Fusarium solani isolate 3,248,941, Fusarium solani isolates colpat-359, Fusarium oxysporum isolate N-61-2, Clonostachys rosea strain B3042. The endophytic microorganism of ramie ability was tested to determine their potential to inhibit the growth of the pathogenic fungi based on the in-vivo antagonist test. The isolated bacteria were only able to inhibit the growth of F. solani, with the highest percentage of 54-55%. Three species of endophytic fungi, including Cladosporium tennissimum, Fusarium falciforme, and Penicillium citrinum, showed the best inhibition against the fungal pathogen Fusarium solani with the highest inhibitory presentation of 91-95%. Inhibitory interaction between the endophytic microbes and the ramie pathogens indicated the type of antibiosis, competition, and parasitism. CONCLUSION: The results of this study succeeded in showing the potential antifungal by endophytic fungi from ramie against the pathogens of the plant itself. P. citrinum isolate MEBP0017 showed the highest inhibition against all the pathogens of the ramie.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asri Peni Wulandari
- grid.11553.330000 0004 1796 1481Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Padjadjaran University, Sumedang, Indonesia ,grid.11553.330000 0004 1796 1481Center for Bioprospection of Natural Fibers and Biological Resources, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Padjadjaran University, Sumedang, Indonesia
| | - Erin Triani
- grid.11553.330000 0004 1796 1481Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Padjadjaran University, Sumedang, Indonesia
| | - Kartika Sari
- grid.11553.330000 0004 1796 1481Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Padjadjaran University, Sumedang, Indonesia
| | - Mila Prasetyani
- grid.11553.330000 0004 1796 1481Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Padjadjaran University, Sumedang, Indonesia
| | - Mohamad Nurzaman
- grid.11553.330000 0004 1796 1481Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Padjadjaran University, Sumedang, Indonesia ,grid.11553.330000 0004 1796 1481Center for Bioprospection of Natural Fibers and Biological Resources, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Padjadjaran University, Sumedang, Indonesia
| | - Rully Dyah Purwati
- grid.500527.50000 0001 0675 7176Research Center of Sweetener Plants and Fibers, Ministry of Agriculture, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Riksfardini A. Ermawar
- Research and Development Center of Biomaterials, National Research and Innovation Agency, Cibinong, Indonesia
| | - Anne Nuraini
- grid.11553.330000 0004 1796 1481Department of Agrotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Padjadjaran University, Sumedang, Indonesia
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Ragavendran C, Balasubramani G, Tijo C, Manigandan V, Kweka EJ, Karthika P, Sivasankar P, Thomas A, Natarajan D, Nakouti I, Malafaia G. Cladophialophora bantiana metabolites are efficient in the larvicidal and ovicidal control of Aedes aegypti, and Culex quinquefasciatus and have low toxicity in zebrafish embryo. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 852:158502. [PMID: 36058332 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Mosquitoes' current insecticide resistance status in available public health insecticides is a serious threat to mosquito control initiatives. Microbe-based control agents provide an alternative to conventional pesticides and insecticides, as they can be more targeted than synthetic insecticides. The present study was focused on identifying and investigating the mosquitocidal potential of Cladophialophora bantiana, an endophytic fungus isolated from Opuntia ficus-indica. The Cladophialophora species was identified through phylogenetic analysis of the rDNA sequence. The isolated fungus was first evaluated for its potential to produce metabolites against Aedes aegpti and Culex quinquefasciatus larvae in the 1-4th instar. The secondary metabolites of mycelium extract were assessed at various test doses (100, 200, 300, 400, and 500 μg/mL) in independent bioassays for each instar of selected mosquito larvae. After 48 h of exposure, A. aegypti expressed LC50 values of 13.069, 18.085, 9.554, and 11.717 μg/mL and LC90 = 25.702, 30.860, 17.275, and 19.601 μg/mL; followed by C. quinquefasciatus LC50 = 14.467, 11.766, 5.934, and 7.589 μg/mL, and LC90 = 29.529, 20.767, 11.192, and 13.296 μg/mL. The mean % of ovicidal bioassay was recorded 120 h after exposure. The hatchability (%) was proportional to mycelia metabolite concentration. The enzymatic level of acetylcholinesterase in fungal mycelial metabolite treated 4th instar larvae indicated a dose-dependent pattern. The GC-MS profile of C. bantiana extracts identified five of the most abundant compounds, namely cyclobutane, trans-3-undecene-1,5-diyne, 1-bromo-2-chloro, propane, 1,2,3-trichloro-2-methyl-, 5,5,10,10-tetrachlorotricyclo, and phenol, which had the killing effect in mosquitoes. Furthermore, the C. bantiana fungus ethyl acetate extracts had a strong larvicidal action on A. aegypti and C. quinquefasciatus. Finally, the toxicity test on zebrafish embryos revealed the induction of malformations only at concentrations above 1 mg/mL. Therefore, our study pioneered evidence that C. bantiana fungal metabolites effectively control A. aegypti and C. qunquefasciastus and show less lethality in zebrafish embryos at concentrations up to 500 μg/mL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinnasamy Ragavendran
- Natural Drug Research Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, School of Biosciences, Periyar University, Salem 636 011, Tamil Nadu, India; Department of Cariology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Chennai 600 077, India.
| | - Govindasamy Balasubramani
- Department of Research and Innovation, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Chennai 602105, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Cherian Tijo
- Department of Ocean Studies and Marine Biology, Pondicherry University, Port Blair Campus, Brookshabad, Port Blair, Andamans 744112, India
| | | | - Eliningaya J Kweka
- Division of Livestock and Human Diseases Vector Control, Tropical Pesticides Research Institute, P.O. Box 3024, Arusha, Tanzania; Department of Medical Parasitology and Entomology, Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences, P.O. Box 1464, Mwanza, Tanzania
| | - Pandi Karthika
- Natural Drug Research Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, School of Biosciences, Periyar University, Salem 636 011, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Palaniappan Sivasankar
- Water Supply and Bioeconomy Division, Faculty of Environmental Engineering and Energy, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, 60-965 Poznan, Poland
| | - Adelina Thomas
- School of Pharmacy, Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences, P.O. Box 1464, Mwanza, Tanzania
| | - Devarajan Natarajan
- Natural Drug Research Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, School of Biosciences, Periyar University, Salem 636 011, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ismini Nakouti
- Centre for Natural Products Discovery (CNPD), School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK
| | - Guilherme Malafaia
- Laboratory of Toxicology Applied to the Environment, Goiano Federal Institute, Urutaí, GO, Brazil; Post-Graduation Program in Conservation of Cerrado Natural Resources, Goiano Federal Institute, Urutaí, GO, Brazil; Post-Graduation Program in Ecology, Conservation, and Biodiversity, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil; Post-Graduation Program in Biotechnology and Biodiversity, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil.
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Khan SS, Zargar SA, Gupta VK, Verma V, Rasool S. Isolation and Identification of Bacterial and Fungal Endophytes from Selected Plants of Western Himalayas in Prospect for Bioactivities of Economic Importance. BIOL BULL+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1062359022050090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Adeleke BS, Babalola OO. Meta-omics of endophytic microbes in agricultural biotechnology. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2022.102332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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26
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Pandey SS, Jain R, Bhardwaj P, Thakur A, Kumari M, Bhushan S, Kumar S. Plant Probiotics – Endophytes pivotal to plant health. Microbiol Res 2022; 263:127148. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2022.127148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Ganie SA, Bhat JA, Devoto A. The influence of endophytes on rice fitness under environmental stresses. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 109:447-467. [PMID: 34859329 PMCID: PMC9213282 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-021-01219-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE Endophytes are crucial for the promotion of rice growth and stress tolerance and can be used to increase rice crop yield. Endophytes can thus be exploited in biotechnology and genetic engineering as eco-friendly and cost-effective means for the development of high-yielding and stress-tolerant rice plants. Rice (Oryza sativa) crop is continuously subjected to biotic and abiotic stresses, compromising growth and consequently yield. The situation is exacerbated by climate change impacting on ecosystems and biodiversity. Genetic engineering has been used to develop stress-tolerant rice, alongside physical and chemical methods to mitigate the effect of these stresses. However, the success of these strategies has been hindered by short-lived field success and public concern on adverse effects associated. The limited success in the field of stress-tolerant cultivars developed through breeding or transgenic approaches is due to the complex nature of stress tolerance as well as to the resistance breakdown caused by accelerated evolution of pathogens. It is therefore necessary to develop novel and acceptable strategies to enhance rice stress tolerance and durable resistance and consequently improve yield. In the last decade, plant growth promoting (PGP) microbes, especially endophytes, have drawn the attention of agricultural scientists worldwide, due to their ability to mitigate environmental stresses in crops, without causing adverse effects. Increasing evidence indicates that endophytes effectively confer fitness benefits also to rice under biotic and abiotic stress conditions. Endophyte-produced metabolites can control the expression of stress-responsive genes and improve the physiological performance and growth of rice plants. This review highlights the current evidence available for PGP microbe-promoted tolerance of rice to abiotic stresses such as salinity and drought and to biotic ones, with special emphasis on endophytes. Associated molecular mechanisms are illustrated, and prospects for sustainable rice production also in the light of the impending climate change, discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Showkat Ahmad Ganie
- Plant Molecular Science and Centre of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, Surrey, TW20 0EX, UK
| | - Javaid Akhter Bhat
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| | - Alessandra Devoto
- Plant Molecular Science and Centre of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, Surrey, TW20 0EX, UK.
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Lu L, Karunarathna SC, Hyde KD, Suwannarach N, Elgorban AM, Stephenson SL, Al-Rejaie S, Jayawardena RS, Tibpromma S. Endophytic Fungi Associated with Coffee Leaves in China Exhibited In Vitro Antagonism against Fungal and Bacterial Pathogens. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8070698. [PMID: 35887454 PMCID: PMC9317674 DOI: 10.3390/jof8070698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Coffee endophytes have been studied for almost 74 years, and several studies have demonstrated coffee-endophytic fungi with antibacterial and antifungal potential for human and plant pathogens. In this study, we isolated and identified a total of 235 strains of endophytic fungi from coffee leaf tissues collected in four coffee plantations in Pu’er city, Yunnan province, China. Molecular identification was carried out using maximum likelihood phylogenetic analysis of nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS1-5.8S rDNA-ITS2) sequences, while the colonization rate and the isolation frequency were also calculated. Two pathogenic fungi (Alternaria alternata and Penicillium digitatum) and two pathogenic bacteria (Pseudomonas syringae and Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica) were used for screening the antagonistic activities of 61 strains of coffee-endophytic fungi by a dual-culture test assay while maximum likelihood phylogenetic analysis confirmed their natural classification. This is the first study of coffee-leaf-endophytic fungal diversity in China, and the results revealed that coffee-endophytic fungi from this study belong to the Ascomycota, distributed among two classes, 10 orders, and 17 families. Concurrently, endophytic fungi isolates distributed in Arthrinium, Biscogniauxia, Daldinia, Diaporthe, and Nigrospora showed strong antagonistic activities against the pathogens. For the pathogens Alternaria alternata and Pseudomonas syringae, Nigrospora XCE-7 showed the best inhibitory effects with inhibition rates of 71.76% and 61.11%, respectively. For the pathogen Penicillium digitatum, Daldinia ME-9 showed the best inhibitory effect with a 74.67% inhibition rate, while Biscogniauxia PTE-7 and Daldinia T5E-1-3 showed the best inhibitory effect with a rate of 60.42% against the pathogen Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica. Overall, our study shows the diversity of coffee endophytes in four coffee-growing areas in Pu’er city, Yunnan province, China, and their potential use as biological control agents against two fungal and two bacterial pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Lu
- Center for Yunnan Plateau Biological Resources Protection and Utilization, Yunnan Engineering Research Center of Fruit Wine, College of Biological Resource and Food Engineering, Qujing Normal University, Qujing 655011, China; (L.L.); (S.C.K.)
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand; (K.D.H.); (R.S.J.)
- School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
| | - Samantha C. Karunarathna
- Center for Yunnan Plateau Biological Resources Protection and Utilization, Yunnan Engineering Research Center of Fruit Wine, College of Biological Resource and Food Engineering, Qujing Normal University, Qujing 655011, China; (L.L.); (S.C.K.)
| | - Kevin D. Hyde
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand; (K.D.H.); (R.S.J.)
- School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
- Innovative Institute for Plant Health, Zhong Kai University, Guangzhou 510550, China
| | - Nakarin Suwannarach
- Research Center of Microbial Diversity and Sustainable Utilization, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
| | - Abdallah M. Elgorban
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh P.O. Box 145111, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Steven L. Stephenson
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA;
| | - Salim Al-Rejaie
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh P.O. Box 145111, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Ruvishika S. Jayawardena
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand; (K.D.H.); (R.S.J.)
- School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
| | - Saowaluck Tibpromma
- Center for Yunnan Plateau Biological Resources Protection and Utilization, Yunnan Engineering Research Center of Fruit Wine, College of Biological Resource and Food Engineering, Qujing Normal University, Qujing 655011, China; (L.L.); (S.C.K.)
- Correspondence:
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Xia Y, Liu J, Chen C, Mo X, Tan Q, He Y, Wang Z, Yin J, Zhou G. The Multifunctions and Future Prospects of Endophytes and Their Metabolites in Plant Disease Management. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10051072. [PMID: 35630514 PMCID: PMC9146654 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10051072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Endophytes represent a ubiquitous and magical world in plants. Almost all plant species studied by different researchers have been found to harbor one or more endophytes, which protect host plants from pathogen invasion and from adverse environmental conditions. They produce various metabolites that can directly inhibit the growth of pathogens and even promote the growth and development of the host plants. In this review, we focus on the biological control of plant diseases, aiming to elucidate the contribution and key roles of endophytes and their metabolites in this field with the latest research information. Metabolites synthesized by endophytes are part of plant disease management, and the application of endophyte metabolites to induce plant resistance is very promising. Furthermore, multi-omics should be more fully utilized in plant–microbe research, especially in mining novel bioactive metabolites. We believe that the utilization of endophytes and their metabolites for plant disease management is a meaningful and promising research direction that can lead to new breakthroughs in the development of more effective and ecosystem-friendly insecticides and fungicides in modern agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yandong Xia
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Control of Artificial Forest Diseases and Pests in South China, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Control of Forest Diseases and Pests, Key Laboratory for Non-Wood Forest Cultivation and Conservation of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China; (Y.X.); (J.L.); (X.M.); (Q.T.); (Y.H.); (Z.W.)
| | - Junang Liu
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Control of Artificial Forest Diseases and Pests in South China, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Control of Forest Diseases and Pests, Key Laboratory for Non-Wood Forest Cultivation and Conservation of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China; (Y.X.); (J.L.); (X.M.); (Q.T.); (Y.H.); (Z.W.)
| | - Cang Chen
- College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China;
| | - Xiuli Mo
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Control of Artificial Forest Diseases and Pests in South China, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Control of Forest Diseases and Pests, Key Laboratory for Non-Wood Forest Cultivation and Conservation of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China; (Y.X.); (J.L.); (X.M.); (Q.T.); (Y.H.); (Z.W.)
| | - Qian Tan
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Control of Artificial Forest Diseases and Pests in South China, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Control of Forest Diseases and Pests, Key Laboratory for Non-Wood Forest Cultivation and Conservation of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China; (Y.X.); (J.L.); (X.M.); (Q.T.); (Y.H.); (Z.W.)
| | - Yuan He
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Control of Artificial Forest Diseases and Pests in South China, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Control of Forest Diseases and Pests, Key Laboratory for Non-Wood Forest Cultivation and Conservation of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China; (Y.X.); (J.L.); (X.M.); (Q.T.); (Y.H.); (Z.W.)
| | - Zhikai Wang
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Control of Artificial Forest Diseases and Pests in South China, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Control of Forest Diseases and Pests, Key Laboratory for Non-Wood Forest Cultivation and Conservation of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China; (Y.X.); (J.L.); (X.M.); (Q.T.); (Y.H.); (Z.W.)
| | - Jia Yin
- College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China;
- Correspondence: (J.Y.); (G.Z.)
| | - Guoying Zhou
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Control of Artificial Forest Diseases and Pests in South China, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Control of Forest Diseases and Pests, Key Laboratory for Non-Wood Forest Cultivation and Conservation of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China; (Y.X.); (J.L.); (X.M.); (Q.T.); (Y.H.); (Z.W.)
- Correspondence: (J.Y.); (G.Z.)
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Zhang L, Li X, Song X, Bian C, Kang X, Zhao J, Qiao H, Gong Y. Assessment of the Endophytic Fungal Composition of Lactobacillus plantarum and Enterococcus faecalis-Fermented Astragalus membranaceus Using Single-Molecule, Real-Time Sequencing Technology. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:880152. [PMID: 35573417 PMCID: PMC9096703 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.880152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Endophytic fungus represents microorganisms existing within the healthy plant organs, which can significantly influence metabolic product production in plants, a process with great research value and broad prospects for development. To investigate the effect of fermentation with probiotic cultures on the endophytic fungal diversity and composition of Astragalus membranaceus, we used single-molecular, real-time sequencing (Pacific Biosciences) for 18S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) sequencing. The results showed that the endophytic fungi of A. membranaceus mainly belonged to Aspergillus, Penicillium, Cystofilobasidium, Candida, Guehomyces, and Wallemia. Furthermore, the endophytic fungal diversity and abundance of A. membranaceus were more variable after fermentation with Enterococcus faecium and/or Lactobacillus plantarum. Our data lays a solid and comprehensive foundation for further exploration of endophytic fungi from A. membranaceus as potential sources of functional compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xianghui Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xinghui Song
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chuanzhou Bian
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiangtao Kang
- College of Animal Science and Technology HAU, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Junqiang Zhao
- Henan Tianhao Hongfa Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hongxing Qiao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Hongxing Qiao
| | - Yanzhang Gong
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Yanzhang Gong
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Raghav D, Jyoti A, Siddiqui AJ, Saxena J. Plant associated endophytic fungi as potential bio-factories for extracellular enzymes: Progress, Challenges and Strain improvement with precision approaches. J Appl Microbiol 2022; 133:287-310. [PMID: 35396804 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
There is an intricate network of relations between endophytic fungi and their hosts that affects the production of various bioactive compounds. Plant-associated endophytic contain industrially important enzymes and have the potential to fulfill their rapid demand in the international market to boost business in technology. Being safe and metabolically active, they have replaced the usage of toxic and harmful chemicals and hold a credible application in biotransformation, bioremediation, and industrial processes. Despite these, there are limited reports on fungal endophytes that can directly cater to the demand and supply of industrially stable enzymes. The underlying reasons include low endogenous production and secretion of enzymes from fungal endophytes which have raised concern for widely accepted applications. Hence it is imperative to augment the biosynthetic and secretory potential of fungal endophytes. Modern state-of-the-art biotechnological technologies aiming at strain improvement using cell factory engineering as well as precise gene editing like Clustered Regularly Interspaced Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR) and its Associated proteins (Cas) systems which can provide a boost in fungal endophyte enzyme production. Additionally, it is vital to characterize optimum conditions to grow one strain with multiple enzymes (OSME). The present review encompasses various plants-derived endophytic fungal enzymes and their applications in various sectors. Further, we postulate the feasibility of new precision approaches with an aim for strain improvement and enhanced enzyme production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divyangi Raghav
- Faculty of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Anupam Jyoti
- Faculty of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India.,Department of Biotechnology, University Institute of Biotechnology, Chandigarh University, SAS, Nagar, Punjab
| | - Arif Jamal Siddiqui
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Ha'il, Ha'il, P O Box, Saudi Arabia
| | - Juhi Saxena
- Faculty of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India.,Department of Biotechnology, University Institute of Biotechnology, Chandigarh University, SAS, Nagar, Punjab
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Surendirakumar K, Pandey RR, Muthukumar T, Sathiyaseelan A, Loushambam S, Seth A. Characterization and biological activities of melanin pigment from root endophytic fungus, Phoma sp. RDSE17. Arch Microbiol 2022; 204:171. [PMID: 35157131 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-022-02788-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Melanins are high molecular weight hydrophobic pigments which have gained popularity for their role in virulence against different pathogens. In the present study, we isolated and characterized the melanin pigment produced by a dark septate endophyte fungus Phoma sp. RDSE17, which was associated with the roots of an indigenous Oryza sativa cv. 'Chakhao amubi' in Manipur, Northeast India. The biological properties of purified melanin from the fungus were evaluated for their antioxidant, antimicrobial and anticancerous activities. The pigment was extracted from Phoma sp. by alkaline-acid hydrolysis method and confirmed as melanin through physico-chemical tests and spectral (UV, FTIR, and EPR) analysis. The analyses of the elemental composition indicated that the pigment possessed a low percentage of nitrogen (N) contents, and therefore, would not fall under DOPA class of melanin. Exposure of the fungus to melanin pathway inhibitors revealed a positive melanin inhibition by tricyclazole, but not by kojic acid. Thus, the melanin from Phoma sp. may be a member of the DHN family. Moreover, the purified melanin showed high DPPH (1, 1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) free radical-scavenging activity with an EC50 of 69 µg/mL and inhibited human lung cancer cell (A549 cells) proliferation at 80 µg/mL. The present study demonstrates that melanin from Phoma sp. RDSE17 could be employed as a potential biological (antioxidant) and antimicrobial agent for inhibiting the growth of humans and phytopathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kannaiah Surendirakumar
- Department of Biotechnology, JJ College of Arts and Science (Autonomous), Tamil Nadu, Pudukkottai, 622 422, India. .,Department of Life Sciences, Manipur University, Canchipur, Imphal, 795 003, Manipur, India.
| | - Radha Raman Pandey
- Department of Life Sciences, Manipur University, Canchipur, Imphal, 795 003, Manipur, India
| | | | - Anbazhagan Sathiyaseelan
- Centre for Advanced Studies in Botany, University of Madras, Tamil Nadu, Chennai, 600 025, India
| | - Surbala Loushambam
- Department of Life Sciences, Manipur University, Canchipur, Imphal, 795 003, Manipur, India
| | - Amit Seth
- Department of Life Sciences, Manipur University, Canchipur, Imphal, 795 003, Manipur, India
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Mutungi PM, Wekesa VW, Onguso J, Kanga E, Baleba SBS, Boga HI. Culturable Bacterial Endophytes Associated With Shrubs Growing Along the Draw-Down Zone of Lake Bogoria, Kenya: Assessment of Antifungal Potential Against Fusarium solani and Induction of Bean Root Rot Protection. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 12:796847. [PMID: 35222451 PMCID: PMC8864308 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.796847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Vascular shrubs growing along the draw-down zones of saline lakes must develop adaptive mechanisms to cope with high salinity, erratic environmental conditions, and other biotic and abiotic stresses. Microbial endophytes from plants growing in these unique environments harbor diverse metabolic and genetic profiles that play an important role in plant growth, health, and survival under stressful conditions. A variety of bacterial endophytes have been isolated from salt tolerant plants but their potential applications in agriculture have not been fully explored. To further address this gap, the present study sought to isolate culturable bacterial endophytes from shrubs growing along the draw-down zone of Lake Bogoria, a saline alkaline lake, and examined their functional characteristics and potential in the biocontrol of the bean root rot pathogen, Fusarium solani. We collected shrubs growing within 5 m distance from the shoreline of Lake Bogoria and isolated 69 bacterial endophytes. The endophytic bacteria were affiliated to three different phyla (Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, and Actinobacteria) with a bias in the genera, Bacillus, and they showed no tissue or plant specificity. All selected isolates were positive for catalase enzyme grown in 1.5 M NaCl; three isolates (B23, B19, and B53) produced indole acetic acid (IAA) and only one isolate, B23 did not solubilize phosphate on Pikovskaya agar. Isolates, B19 and B53 exhibited more than 50% of mycelial inhibition in the dual culture assay and completely inhibited the germination of F. solani spores in co-culture assays while two isolates, B07 and B39 had delayed fungal spore germination after an overnight incubation. All isolates were able to establish endophytic association in the roots, stems, and leaves of been seedlings in both seed soaking and drenching methods. Colonization of bean seedlings by the bacterial endophytes, B19 and B53 resulted in the biocontrol of F. solani in planta, reduced disease severity and incidence, and significantly increased both root and shoot biomass compared to the control. Taxonomic identification using 16S rRNA revealed that the two isolates belong to Enterobacter hormaechei subsp., Xiangfangensis and Bacillus megaterium. Our results demonstrate the potential use of these two isolates in the biocontrol of the bean root rot pathogen, F. solani and plant growth promotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscillar Mumo Mutungi
- Institute for Biotechnology Research, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Nairobi, Kenya
- Ecological Monitoring Department, Kenya Wildlife Service, Nairobi, Kenya
| | | | - Justus Onguso
- Institute for Biotechnology Research, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Erustus Kanga
- State Department for Wildlife, Ministry of Tourism and Wildlife, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Steve B. S. Baleba
- Department of Evolutionary Neuroethology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - Hamadi Iddi Boga
- Botany Department, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Nairobi, Kenya
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Endophytic fungal communities and their biotechnological implications for agro-environmental sustainability. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2022; 67:203-232. [PMID: 35122218 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-021-00939-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Endophytic fungal communities have attracted a great attention to chemists, ecologists, and microbiologists as a treasure trove of biological resource. Endophytic fungi play incredible roles in the ecosystem including abiotic and biotic stress tolerance, eco-adaptation, enhancing growth and development, and maintaining the health of their host. In recent times, endophytic fungi have drawn a special focus owing to their indispensable diversity, unique distribution, and unparalleled metabolic pathways. The endophytic fungal communities belong to three phyla, namely Mucoromycota, Basidiomycota, and Ascomycota with seven predominant classes Agaricomycetes, Dothideomycetes, Eurotiomycetes, Mortierellomycotina, Mucoromycotina, Saccharomycetes, and Sordariomycetes. In a review of a huge number of research finding, it was found that endophytic fungal communities of genera Aspergillus, Chaetomium, Fusarium, Gaeumannomyces, Metarhizium, Microsphaeropsis, Paecilomyces, Penicillium, Piriformospora, Talaromyces, Trichoderma, Verticillium, and Xylaria have been sorted out and well characterized for diverse biotechnological applications for future development. Furthermore, these communities are remarkable source of novel bioactive compounds with amazing biological activity for use in agriculture, food, and pharmaceutical industry. Endophytes are endowed with a broad range of structurally unique bioactive natural products, including alkaloids, benzopyranones, chinones, flavonoids, phenolic acids, and quinines. Subsequently, there is still an excellent opportunity to explore novel compounds from endophytic fungi among numerous plants inhabiting different niches. Furthermore, high-throughput sequencing could be a tool to study interaction between plants and endophytic fungi which may provide further opportunities to reveal unknown functions of endophytic fungal communities. The present review deals with the biodiversity of endophytic fungal communities and their biotechnological implications for agro-environmental sustainability.
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Zelaya-Molina LX, Sanchez-Lima AD, Arteaga-Garibay RI, Bustamante-Brito R, Vásquez-Murrieta MS, Martínez-Romero E, Ramos-Garza J. Functional characterization of culturable fungi from microbiomes of the "conical cobs" Mexican maize (Zea mays L.) landrace. Arch Microbiol 2021; 204:57. [PMID: 34939131 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-021-02680-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Mexican maize landraces, produced for local consumption, are adapted to different environmental conditions, and their yield is affected by abiotic and biotic factors, including the use of agrochemicals. The search for sustainable alternatives to agrochemicals includes the study of the culturable microbial communities. In this study, the fungal communities associated with 2 Mexican maize landraces reddish and bluish "conical cobs" were found to be comprised of Ascomycota fungi, represented by 89 strains within 6 orders (Pleosporales, Hypocreales, Onygenales, Capnodiales, Helotiales, and Eurotiales) and 16 genera. Cellulases and metallophores production were the primary enzymatic products and plant growth-promoting activities were detected among the isolates. Penicillium, Didymella, and Fusarium strains had the most active enzymatic and plant growth promoting activities, however, Aspergillus sp. HES2-2.2, Talaromyces sp. RS1-7, and Penicillium sp. HFS3-3 showed antagonistic activity against the four phytopathogenic Fusarium strains Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium sambucinum, Fusarium fujikuroi and Fusarium incarnatum-equiseti and also a high and diverse production of enzymatic and plant growth promoting activities; here we identified fungal strains as candidates to promote maize growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lily X Zelaya-Molina
- Laboratorio de Recursos Genéticos Microbianos, Centro Nacional de Recursos Genéticos-INIFAP, Boulevard de la Biodiversidad No. 400, C.P. 47600, Tepatitlán de Morelos, Jalisco, México
| | - Alejandra D Sanchez-Lima
- Laboratorio de Microbiología 314, Universidad del Valle de México, Campus Chapultepec. Observatorio No. 400, C.P. 11810, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Ramón I Arteaga-Garibay
- Laboratorio de Recursos Genéticos Microbianos, Centro Nacional de Recursos Genéticos-INIFAP, Boulevard de la Biodiversidad No. 400, C.P. 47600, Tepatitlán de Morelos, Jalisco, México
| | - Rafael Bustamante-Brito
- Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad S/N, C.P. 62210, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - María S Vásquez-Murrieta
- Departamento de Microbiología, Laboratorio de Biotecnología Microbiana. Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Prol. de Carpio Y Plan de Ayala S/N, C.P. 11340, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Esperanza Martínez-Romero
- Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad S/N, C.P. 62210, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Juan Ramos-Garza
- Laboratorio de Microbiología 314, Universidad del Valle de México, Campus Chapultepec. Observatorio No. 400, C.P. 11810, Ciudad de México, México. .,Laboratorio de Recursos Genéticos Microbianos, Centro Nacional de Recursos Genéticos-INIFAP, Boulevard de la Biodiversidad No. 400, C.P. 47600, Tepatitlán de Morelos, Jalisco, México.
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Antifungal activity of volatile compounds generated by endophytic fungi Sarocladium brachiariae HND5 against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0260747. [PMID: 34855862 PMCID: PMC8639089 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0260747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The soil-born filamentous fungal pathogen Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (FOC), which causes vascular wilt disease in banana plants, is one of the most economically important Fusarium species. Biocontrol using endophytic microorganisms is among the most effective methods for controlling banana Fusarium wilt. In this study, volatile organic compounds (VOCs) showed strong antifungal activity against FOC. Seventeen compounds were identified from the VOCs produced by endophytic fungi Sarocladium brachiariae HND5, and three (2-methoxy-4-vinylphenol, 3,4-dimethoxystyrol and caryophyllene) showed antifungal activity against FOC with 50% effective concentrations of 36, 60 and 2900 μL/L headspace, respectively. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and double fluorescence staining revealed that 2-methoxy-4-vinylphenol and 3,4-dimethoxystyrol damaged the plasma membranes, resulting in cell death. 3,4-dimethoxystyrol also could induce expression of chitin synthases genes and altered the cell walls of FOC hyphae. Dichloro-dihydro-fluorescein diacetate staining indicated the caryophyllene induced accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in FOC hyphae. FOC secondary metabolism also responded to active VOC challenge by producing less fusaric acid and expressions of genes related to fusaric acid production were interrupted at sublethal concentrations. These findings indicate the potential of S. brachiariae HND5 as a biocontrol agent against FOC and the antifungal VOCs as fumigants.
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Secondary Metabolite Production and Terpenoid Biosynthesis in Endophytic Fungi Cladosporium cladosporioides Isolated from Wild Cymbopogon martinii (Roxb.) Wats. MICROBIOLOGY RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/microbiolres12040059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Endophytic fungi Cladosporium cladosporioides (F1-MH810309) and Cladosporium tenuissimum (F2-MN715834) from the leaf of wild Cymbopogon martinii (MT90507) were isolated and selected based on the persistent occurrence during different seasons of the year. They were identified based on the morphological features and molecular characterization (ITS sequence), and later deposited at NCBI. Phytochemical studies on F1, F2 and host extracts showed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, terpenoids and tannins. The GC-MS of F1 extract (control) under the axenic condition revealed compounds like hexadecane, heptadecane,2,4-Ditert-butylphenol, E-14 hexadecenal, geraniol, geranyl acetate and cubenol similar to the host. The GC-MS of F2 extract (control) revealed metabolites that were unique. Further, both F1 and F2 were cultured in the supplementation of different concentrations (5%, 10%, 15% and 20%) of the host plant extract (an-axenic condition). The GC-MS of F1 extracts (test) exhibited good growth and showed the gradual increased production of terpenoid compounds whereas the F2 (test) did not show any growth. These compounds such as hyrdoxymenthol, nor-borneol, cedralacetate, α-cyclogeraniol, campesterol, β-cyclogeraniol, linalool oxide,2,3-boranediol, citronellyltiglate and 2,3-pinanediol were produced in a minor quantity and were known as biotransformed forms of the precursor compounds present in the host extract. In comparison, only F1 was able to produce terpenoids similar to the host species both in axenic and an-axenic conditions. Hence from the current study, the endophytic fungus F1 isolated from wild C. martinii for the first time can serve as a better resource for the bioprospection of an important terpenoid and its metabolites.
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Jin L, Yang L, Li W, Xu D, Yang N, Li G, Wan P. Diversity and Biocontrol Potential of Culturable Endophytic Fungi in Cotton. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:698930. [PMID: 34484142 PMCID: PMC8415002 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.698930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Healthy cotton samples were collected and 93 endophytic fungal strains were isolated: 23 strains from the roots and 70 strains from the stems. Morphological characterization and ITS sequence analysis were used for the identification of these isolates. The results showed that the 93 strains including 20 species were highly diverse in terms of their taxonomy. Simpson's and Shannon's diversity indices were 0.915 and 3.848, respectively. Fusarium and Alternaria were the two dominant genera, constituting 19.4% of the total strains. Then, 72 spore-producing strains were tested for the suppression of cotton Verticillium wilt (CVW) caused by Verticillium dahliae in a greenhouse. Five strains exhibited effective suppression of CVW with average efficacy values higher than 50%. One of the effective strains, namely, Fusarium proliferatum 10R-7, was selected for the investigation of the role of fusaric acid, a secondary metabolite of strain 10R-7, in the suppression of V. dahliae and CVW. The results showed that F. proliferatum 10R-7 could produce fusaric acid, and this metabolite exhibited 100% inhibition of mycelial growth of V. dahliae at concentrations higher than 20 μg/ml. However, fusaric acid at 2.5 to 80 μg/ml was not effective in the suppression of CVW, compared with the control treatment with V. dahliae alone. F. proliferatum 10R-7 was labeled with green fluorescent protein (GFP), and the GFP-tagged strain was found to be able to colonize inside the taproots of cotton, suggesting that F. proliferatum 10R-7 is a true endophyte of cotton and endophytic colonization may play a role in the suppression of infection of cotton by V. dahliae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lirong Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management Crops in Central China, Ministry of Agriculture, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Crop Disease, Insect Pests and Weeds Control, Plant Protection, Soil and Fertilizer Research Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Long Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenjing Li
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management Crops in Central China, Ministry of Agriculture, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Crop Disease, Insect Pests and Weeds Control, Plant Protection, Soil and Fertilizer Research Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Dong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management Crops in Central China, Ministry of Agriculture, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Crop Disease, Insect Pests and Weeds Control, Plant Protection, Soil and Fertilizer Research Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Nina Yang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management Crops in Central China, Ministry of Agriculture, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Crop Disease, Insect Pests and Weeds Control, Plant Protection, Soil and Fertilizer Research Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Guoqing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Peng Wan
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management Crops in Central China, Ministry of Agriculture, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Crop Disease, Insect Pests and Weeds Control, Plant Protection, Soil and Fertilizer Research Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
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Characterization of Endophytic Fungi, Acremonium sp., from Lilium davidii and Analysis of Its Antifungal and Plant Growth-Promoting Effects. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:9930210. [PMID: 34395628 PMCID: PMC8358427 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9930210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The present study was aimed at isolating endophytic fungi from the Asian culinary and medicinal plant Lilium davidii and analyzing its antifungal and plant growth-promoting effects. In this study, the fungal endophyte Acremonium sp. Ld-03 was isolated from the bulbs of L. davidii and identified through morphological and molecular analysis. The molecular and morphological analysis confirmed the endophytic fungal strain as Acremonium sp. Ld-03. Antifungal effects of Ld-03 were observed against Fusarium oxysporum, Botrytis cinerea, Botryosphaeria dothidea, and Fusarium fujikuroi. The highest growth inhibition, i.e., 78.39 ± 4.21%, was observed for B. dothidea followed by 56.68 ± 4.38%, 43.62 ± 3.81%, and 20.12 ± 2.45% for B. cinerea, F. fujikuroi, and F. oxysporum, respectively. Analysis of the ethyl acetate fraction through UHPLC-LTQ-IT-MS/MS revealed putative secondary metabolites which included xanthurenic acid, valyl aspartic acid, gancidin W, peptides, and cyclic dipeptides such as valylarginine, cyclo-[L-(4-hydroxy-Pro)-L-leu], cyclo(Pro-Phe), and (3S,6S)-3-benzyl-6-(4-hydroxybenzyl)piperazine-2,5-dione. Other metabolites included (S)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-((S)-pyrrolidine-2-carboxamido)propanoic acid, dibutyl phthalate (DBP), 9-octadecenamide, D-erythro-C18-Sphingosine, N-palmitoyl sphinganine, and hydroxypalmitoyl sphinganine. The strain Ld-03 showed indole acetic acid (IAA) production with or without the application of exogenous tryptophan. The IAA ranged from 53.12 ± 3.20 μg ml−1 to 167.71 ± 7.12 μg ml−1 under different tryptophan concentrations. The strain was able to produce siderophore, and its production was significantly decreased with increasing Fe(III) citrate concentrations in the medium. The endophytic fungal strain also showed production of organic acids and phosphate solubilization activity. Plant growth-promoting effects of the strain were evaluated on in vitro seedling growth of Allium tuberosum. Application of 40% culture dilution resulted in a significant increase in root and shoot length, i.e., 24.03 ± 2.71 mm and 37.27 ± 1.86 mm, respectively, compared to nontreated control plants. The fungal endophyte Ld-03 demonstrated the potential of conferring disease resistance and plant growth promotion. Therefore, we conclude that the isolated Acremonium sp. Ld-03 should be further investigated before utilization as a biocontrol agent and plant growth stimulator.
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Sharma H, Rai AK, Chettri R, Nigam PS. Bioactivites of Penicillium citrinum isolated from a medicinal plant Swertia chirayita. Arch Microbiol 2021; 203:5173-5182. [PMID: 34338823 PMCID: PMC8502164 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-021-02498-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Endophytes associated with plants have the property to produce active biomolecules with their possible applications in agro-industrial sectors. This study provides a project work on analyzing various activities of fungal endophytes isolated from Swertia chirayita of Sikkim Himalayan region. Among several fungal endophytes screened, isolate UTCRF6 was found most active with the secretion of enzymes protease, cellulase, amylase and chitinase, as well as other metabolites Indoleacetic acid and siderophores. This endophyte was found active in restricting the growth of phyto-pathogens, including strains of Fusarium solani, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Alternaria alternata, Pestalotiopsis theae and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Morphological and molecular studies of this endophytic fungus showed similarity with Penicillium citrinum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemant Sharma
- Department of Botany, Sikkim University, 6th Mile Tadong, Gangtok, Sikkim, India
| | - Arun Kumar Rai
- Department of Botany, Sikkim University, 6th Mile Tadong, Gangtok, Sikkim, India
| | - Rajen Chettri
- Department of Botany, Sikkim Government Science College, Chakung, Sikkim, India
| | - Poonam Singh Nigam
- Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland.
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Naik B, Goyal SK, Tripathi AD, Kumar V. Exploring the diversity of endophytic fungi and screening for their pullulanase-producing capabilities. J Genet Eng Biotechnol 2021; 19:110. [PMID: 34324093 PMCID: PMC8322383 DOI: 10.1186/s43141-021-00208-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Background Pullulanases are the significant industrial group in the 13 glycosyl hydrolases category, known as the α-amylases family. There are very few reports on pullulanase from fungal sources. Based on the above research gap, the present study was undertaken to explore the endophytic fungi for their pullulanase-producing capabilities. Results A total of 126 endophytes were isolated from Tradescantia pallida, Zea mays, and Trifolium alexandrinum. Aspergillus, Penicillium, and Ganoderma species recovered highest from the stem of Tradescantia palida. Fusarium was dominant in the stem and leaf of Zea mays. Penicillium, Aspergillus, Ganoderma, Cladosporium, Fusarium, and Alternaria were recovered from the Trifolium alexandrium. The Shannon index in Tradescantia pallida was highest in leaves while in Zea mays and Trifolium alexandrinum, it is highest in the stem. The Simpson’s index is highest in the case of Zea mays stem and root. Species richness was indicated by Menhinick’s index, and it was found that this value was highest in the roots of Trifolium alexandrinum. As per our knowledge, no comparative data is available on the endophytic diversity of the above plants taken for the study. Out of 126 endophytes, only 2.38% produced pullulanase while 7.94% produced amylase. The recovery of pullulanase-producing endophytic fungi was very less. But the importance of pullulanase is high as compared to amylase because it has both α-1,6 and α-1,4 hydrolyzing ability. Therefore, the most promising isolates were identified by ITS sequence analysis. Based on spore chain morphology, isolates BHU-25 and BHU-30 were identified as Penicillium sp. and Aspergillus species, respectively. This is the first report of pullulanase from endophytic Aspergillus and Penicillium. Conclusion Endophytes Aspergillus sp. and Penicillium sp. produce pullulanase enzyme. This is the first report of pullulanase from endophytic Aspergillus and Penicillium. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s43141-021-00208-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bindu Naik
- Department of Agricultural Engineering (Formely Farm Engineering), Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, UP, 221005, India
| | - S K Goyal
- Department of Agricultural Engineering (Formely Farm Engineering), Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, UP, 221005, India
| | - Abhishek Dutt Tripathi
- Centre of Food Science and Technology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, UP, 221005, India
| | - Vijay Kumar
- Department of Biosciences, Swami Rama Himalayan University, Swami Rama Nagar, Jolly grant, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248140, India.
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Høyer AK, Hodkinson TR. Hidden Fungi: Combining Culture-Dependent and -Independent DNA Barcoding Reveals Inter-Plant Variation in Species Richness of Endophytic Root Fungi in Elymus repens. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:jof7060466. [PMID: 34207673 PMCID: PMC8226481 DOI: 10.3390/jof7060466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The root endophyte community of the grass species Elymus repens was investigated using both a culture-dependent approach and a direct amplicon sequencing method across five sites and from individual plants. There was much heterogeneity across the five sites and among individual plants. Focusing on one site, 349 OTUs were identified by direct amplicon sequencing but only 66 OTUs were cultured. The two approaches shared ten OTUs and the majority of cultured endophytes do not overlap with the amplicon dataset. Media influenced the cultured species richness and without the inclusion of 2% MEA and full-strength MEA, approximately half of the unique OTUs would not have been isolated using only PDA. Combining both culture-dependent and -independent methods for the most accurate determination of root fungal species richness is therefore recommended. High inter-plant variation in fungal species richness was demonstrated, which highlights the need to rethink the scale at which we describe endophyte communities.
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Bolivar-Anillo HJ, González-Rodríguez VE, Cantoral JM, García-Sánchez D, Collado IG, Garrido C. Endophytic Bacteria Bacillus subtilis, Isolated from Zea mays, as Potential Biocontrol Agent against Botrytis cinerea. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10060492. [PMID: 34205845 PMCID: PMC8229056 DOI: 10.3390/biology10060492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Plant–microorganism associations date back more than 400 million years. Plants host microorganisms that establish many different relationships with them, some negative and others very positive for both organisms. A type of this relationship is established with microorganisms that live inside them, known as endophytic microorganisms; they can include bacteria, yeasts, and fungi. In this study, we isolate endophytic bacteria from maize plants, and we characterize them in order to check their potential for being used as biocontrol agents against Botrytis cinerea, one of the most important phytopathogenic fungi in the world. The endophytic bacteria showed this antagonistic effect during in vitro assay and also during in vivo assay in Phaseolus vulgaris. At the same time, they showed the capacity for promoting growth in Zea mays plants. Abstract Plant diseases are one of the main factors responsible for food loss in the world, and 20–40% of such loss is caused by pathogenic infections. Botrytis cinerea is the most widely studied necrotrophic phytopathogenic fungus. It is responsible for incalculable economic losses due to the large number of host plants affected. Today, B. cinerea is controlled mainly by synthetic fungicides whose frequent application increases risk of resistance, thus making them unsustainable in terms of the environment and human health. In the search for new alternatives for the biocontrol of this pathogen, the use of endophytic microorganisms and their metabolites has gained momentum in recent years. In this work, we isolated endophytic bacteria from Zea mays cultivated in Colombia. Several strains of Bacillus subtilis, isolated and characterized in this work, exhibited growth inhibition against B. cinerea of more than 40% in in vitro cultures. These strains were characterized by studying several of their biochemical properties, such as production of lipopeptides, potassium solubilization, proteolytic and amylolytic capacity, production of siderophores, biofilm assays, and so on. We also analyzed: (i) its capacity to promote maize growth (Zea mays) in vivo, and (ii) its capacity to biocontrol B. cinerea during in vivo infection in plants (Phaseolus vulgaris).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hernando José Bolivar-Anillo
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Campus Universitario Río San Pedro s/n, Torre sur, 4 planta, Universidad de Cádiz, 11510 Puerto Real, Spain;
- Programa de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas y Biomédicas, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Barranquilla 080002, Colombia
| | - Victoria E. González-Rodríguez
- Departamento de Biomedicina, Biotecnología y Salud Pública, Laboratorio de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Ambientales, Universidad de Cádiz, 11510 Puerto Real, Spain; (V.E.G.-R.); (J.M.C.); (D.G.-S.)
| | - Jesús M. Cantoral
- Departamento de Biomedicina, Biotecnología y Salud Pública, Laboratorio de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Ambientales, Universidad de Cádiz, 11510 Puerto Real, Spain; (V.E.G.-R.); (J.M.C.); (D.G.-S.)
| | - Darío García-Sánchez
- Departamento de Biomedicina, Biotecnología y Salud Pública, Laboratorio de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Ambientales, Universidad de Cádiz, 11510 Puerto Real, Spain; (V.E.G.-R.); (J.M.C.); (D.G.-S.)
| | - Isidro G. Collado
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Campus Universitario Río San Pedro s/n, Torre sur, 4 planta, Universidad de Cádiz, 11510 Puerto Real, Spain;
- Correspondence: (I.G.C.); (C.G.)
| | - Carlos Garrido
- Departamento de Biomedicina, Biotecnología y Salud Pública, Laboratorio de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Ambientales, Universidad de Cádiz, 11510 Puerto Real, Spain; (V.E.G.-R.); (J.M.C.); (D.G.-S.)
- Correspondence: (I.G.C.); (C.G.)
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Sharma H, Rai AK, Dahiya D, Chettri R, Nigam PS. Exploring endophytes for in vitro synthesis of bioactive compounds similar to metabolites produced in vivo by host plants. AIMS Microbiol 2021; 7:175-199. [PMID: 34250374 PMCID: PMC8255908 DOI: 10.3934/microbiol.2021012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Endophytes represent microorganisms residing within plant tissues without typically causing any adverse effect to the plants for considerable part of their life cycle and are primarily known for their beneficial role to their host-plant. These microorganisms can in vitro synthesize secondary metabolites similar to metabolites produced in vivo by their host plants. If microorganisms are isolated from certain plants, there is undoubtedly a strong possibility of obtaining beneficial endophytes strains producing host-specific secondary metabolites for their potential applications in sustainable agriculture, pharmaceuticals and other industrial sectors. Few products derived from endophytes are being used for cultivating resilient crops and developing non-toxic feeds for livestock. Our better understanding of the complex relationship between endophytes and their host will immensely improve the possibility to explore their unlimited functionalities. Successful production of host-secondary metabolites by endophytes at commercial scale might progressively eliminate our direct dependence on high-valued vulnerable plants, thus paving a viable way for utilizing plant resources in a sustainable way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemant Sharma
- Department of Botany, Sikkim University, 6th Mile Tadong, Gangtok, Sikkim, India
| | - Arun Kumar Rai
- Department of Botany, Sikkim University, 6th Mile Tadong, Gangtok, Sikkim, India
| | - Divakar Dahiya
- School of Human Sciences, London Metropolitan University, Holloway Road, London, UK
| | - Rajen Chettri
- Department of Botany, Sikkim Government Science College, Chakung, Sikkim, India
| | - Poonam Singh Nigam
- Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, UK
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Biological potential of bioactive metabolites derived from fungal endophytes associated with medicinal plants. Mycol Prog 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11557-021-01695-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Ismail MA, Amin MA, Eid AM, Hassan SED, Mahgoub HAM, Lashin I, Abdelwahab AT, Azab E, Gobouri AA, Elkelish A, Fouda A. Comparative Study between Exogenously Applied Plant Growth Hormones versus Metabolites of Microbial Endophytes as Plant Growth-Promoting for Phaseolus vulgaris L. Cells 2021; 10:cells10051059. [PMID: 33946942 PMCID: PMC8146795 DOI: 10.3390/cells10051059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial endophytes organize symbiotic relationships with the host plant, and their excretions contain diverse plant beneficial matter such as phytohormones and bioactive compounds. In the present investigation, six bacterial and four fungal strains were isolated from the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) root plant, identified using molecular techniques, and their growth-promoting properties were reviewed. All microbial isolates showed varying activities to produce indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and different hydrolytic enzymes such as amylase, cellulase, protease, pectinase, and xylanase. Six bacterial endophytic isolates displayed phosphate-solubilizing capacity and ammonia production. We conducted a field experiment to evaluate the promotion activity of the metabolites of the most potent endophytic bacterial (Bacillus thuringiensis PB2 and Brevibacillus agri PB5) and fungal (Alternaria sorghi PF2 and, Penicillium commune PF3) strains in comparison to two exogenously applied hormone, IAA, and benzyl adenine (BA), on the growth and biochemical characteristics of the P. vulgaris L. Interestingly, our investigations showed that bacterial and fungal endophytic metabolites surpassed the exogenously applied hormones in increasing the plant biomass, photosynthetic pigments, carbohydrate and protein contents, antioxidant enzyme activity, endogenous hormones and yield traits. Our findings illustrate that the endophyte Brevibacillus agri (PB5) provides high potential as a stimulator for the growth and productivity of common bean plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A. Ismail
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo 11884, Egypt; (M.A.I.); (M.A.A.); (A.M.E.); or (H.A.M.M.); (I.L.); (A.T.A.)
| | - Mohamed A. Amin
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo 11884, Egypt; (M.A.I.); (M.A.A.); (A.M.E.); or (H.A.M.M.); (I.L.); (A.T.A.)
| | - Ahmed M. Eid
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo 11884, Egypt; (M.A.I.); (M.A.A.); (A.M.E.); or (H.A.M.M.); (I.L.); (A.T.A.)
| | - Saad El-Din Hassan
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo 11884, Egypt; (M.A.I.); (M.A.A.); (A.M.E.); or (H.A.M.M.); (I.L.); (A.T.A.)
- Correspondence: (S.E.-D.H.); (A.F.); Tel.: +20-102-3884804 (S.E.-D.H.); +20-111-3351244 (A.F.)
| | - Hany A. M. Mahgoub
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo 11884, Egypt; (M.A.I.); (M.A.A.); (A.M.E.); or (H.A.M.M.); (I.L.); (A.T.A.)
| | - Islam Lashin
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo 11884, Egypt; (M.A.I.); (M.A.A.); (A.M.E.); or (H.A.M.M.); (I.L.); (A.T.A.)
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Arts, Al Mandaq, Albaha University, Al-Baha 1988, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdelrhman T. Abdelwahab
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo 11884, Egypt; (M.A.I.); (M.A.A.); (A.M.E.); or (H.A.M.M.); (I.L.); (A.T.A.)
- Department of Botany Science, Faculty of Science, Northern Border University, Arar 73211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ehab Azab
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Adil A. Gobouri
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Amr Elkelish
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41511, Egypt; or
- Department of Plant Physiology, Matthias Schleiden Institute of Genetics, Bioinformatics and Molecular Botany, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Amr Fouda
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo 11884, Egypt; (M.A.I.); (M.A.A.); (A.M.E.); or (H.A.M.M.); (I.L.); (A.T.A.)
- Correspondence: (S.E.-D.H.); (A.F.); Tel.: +20-102-3884804 (S.E.-D.H.); +20-111-3351244 (A.F.)
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Jahromi MS, Azizi A, Soltani J. Diversity and Spatiotemporal Distribution of Fungal Endophytes Associated with Salvia multicaulis. Curr Microbiol 2021; 78:1432-1447. [PMID: 33651191 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-021-02430-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Salvia multicaulis has been an important medicinal plant in Iran and several East Asian countries for hundreds of years. Because of growing demand, overharvesting of wild S. multicaulis has endangered its wild populations. Endophytes are well known for protecting wild plant populations against biotic and abiotic stresses, especially under harsh situations, as well as for their plant growth enhancement activities. Since no information was on endophyte biology in S. multicaulis, here we aimed at analyzing diversity and spatiotemporal distribution of fungal endophytes associating S. multicaulis in their main wild habitats in Iran, i.e., Qazvin, Alborz and Mazandaran provinces. A total of 153 fungal endophytes were isolated and identified according to their morphology and ribosomal ITS rDNA sequences. As results indicated Ascomycota dominated in colonizing S. multicaulis with a relative frequency (RF) of 96.77%, comprising of Eurotiomycetes (RF: 40.5%), Sordariomycetes (RF: 33.9%) and Dothideomycetes (RF: 20.5%). Mucoromycota, comprised the rest of endophytes (RF: 5.23%). The entire fungal microbiome was classified into nine genera including Fusarium (25.5%), Penicillium (21.5%), Aspergillus (17.0%), Alternaria (15.5%), Colletotrichum (5.2%), Rhizopus (5.2%), Macrophomina (4.5%), Trichoderma (3.25%) and Nodulisporium (2.0%). Analyses of different diversity indices indicated significant correlations with tissue type, sampling locations and season of recovery. Almost 43% of fungal endophytes were recovered at Mazandaran, Kojur; 35.4% at Qazvin, Barajin Forest Park; 30.1% at Alborz, Taleqan; and 21% at Alborz, Mahdasht. The highest overall endophyte recovery was in summer (36.8%), followed by spring (31.6%), autumn (21%), and winter (10.5%). In total, the number of endophytes recovered from roots (91) was higher than those of stems (32) and leaves (30), especially during autumn and winter. Accordingly, we conclude that Ascomycota are the major endophytic fungi colonizing S. multicaulis, and that sampling location, tissue type and season can affect the fungal endophyte composition of this medicinal plant. This knowledge could be further applied in protection and health management of this endangered species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Sabet Jahromi
- Horticultural Sciences Department, Agriculture Faculty, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Ali Azizi
- Horticultural Sciences Department, Agriculture Faculty, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran.
| | - Jalal Soltani
- Phytopathology Section, Plant Protection Department, Agriculture Faculty, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
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Vandana UK, Rajkumari J, Singha LP, Satish L, Alavilli H, Sudheer PD, Chauhan S, Ratnala R, Satturu V, Mazumder PB, Pandey P. The Endophytic Microbiome as a Hotspot of Synergistic Interactions, with Prospects of Plant Growth Promotion. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:101. [PMID: 33535706 PMCID: PMC7912845 DOI: 10.3390/biology10020101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The plant root is the primary site of interaction between plants and associated microorganisms and constitutes the main components of plant microbiomes that impact crop production. The endophytic bacteria in the root zone have an important role in plant growth promotion. Diverse microbial communities inhabit plant root tissues, and they directly or indirectly promote plant growth by inhibiting the growth of plant pathogens, producing various secondary metabolites. Mechanisms of plant growth promotion and response of root endophytic microorganisms for their survival and colonization in the host plants are the result of complex plant-microbe interactions. Endophytic microorganisms also assist the host to sustain different biotic and abiotic stresses. Better insights are emerging for the endophyte, such as host plant interactions due to advancements in 'omic' technologies, which facilitate the exploration of genes that are responsible for plant tissue colonization. Consequently, this is informative to envisage putative functions and metabolic processes crucial for endophytic adaptations. Detection of cell signaling molecules between host plants and identification of compounds synthesized by root endophytes are effective means for their utilization in the agriculture sector as biofertilizers. In addition, it is interesting that the endophytic microorganism colonization impacts the relative abundance of indigenous microbial communities and suppresses the deleterious microorganisms in plant tissues. Natural products released by endophytes act as biocontrol agents and inhibit pathogen growth. The symbiosis of endophytic bacteria and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) affects plant symbiotic signaling pathways and root colonization patterns and phytohormone synthesis. In this review, the potential of the root endophytic community, colonization, and role in the improvement of plant growth has been explained in the light of intricate plant-microbe interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Udaya Kumar Vandana
- Department of Biotechnology, Assam University Silchar, Assam 788011, India; (U.K.V.); (P.B.M.)
| | - Jina Rajkumari
- Department of Microbiology, Assam University Silchar, Assam 788011, India; (J.R.); (L.P.S.)
| | - L. Paikhomba Singha
- Department of Microbiology, Assam University Silchar, Assam 788011, India; (J.R.); (L.P.S.)
| | - Lakkakula Satish
- Avram and Stella Goldstein-Goren Department of Biotechnology Engineering and the Ilse Katz Center for Meso and Nanoscale Science and Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel;
- The Albert Katz International School for Desert Studies, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Hemasundar Alavilli
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Korea Molecular Medicine and Nutrition Research Institute, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea;
| | - Pamidimarri D.V.N. Sudheer
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Chhattisgarh, Raipur 493225, India; (P.D.V.N.S.); (S.C.)
| | - Sushma Chauhan
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Chhattisgarh, Raipur 493225, India; (P.D.V.N.S.); (S.C.)
| | - Rambabu Ratnala
- TATA Institute for Genetics and Society, Bangalore 560065, India;
| | - Vanisri Satturu
- Institute of Biotechnology, Professor Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad 500030, India;
| | - Pranab Behari Mazumder
- Department of Biotechnology, Assam University Silchar, Assam 788011, India; (U.K.V.); (P.B.M.)
| | - Piyush Pandey
- Department of Microbiology, Assam University Silchar, Assam 788011, India; (J.R.); (L.P.S.)
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Błaszczyk L, Waśkiewicz A, Gromadzka K, Mikołajczak K, Chełkowski J. Sarocladium and Lecanicillium Associated with Maize Seeds and Their Potential to Form Selected Secondary Metabolites. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11010098. [PMID: 33451141 PMCID: PMC7828580 DOI: 10.3390/biom11010098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The occurrence and diversity of Lecanicillium and Sarocladium in maize seeds and their role in this cereal are poorly understood. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate Sarocladium and Lecanicillium communities found in endosphere of maize seeds collected from fields in Poland and their potential to form selected bioactive substances. The sequencing of the internally transcribed spacer regions 1 (ITS 1) and 2 (ITS2) and the large-subunit (LSU, 28S) of the rRNA gene cluster resulted in the identification of 17 Sarocladium zeae strains, three Sarocladium strictum and five Lecanicillium lecanii isolates. The assay on solid substrate showed that S. zeae and S. strictum can synthesize bassianolide, vertilecanin A, vertilecanin A methyl ester, 2-decenedioic acid and 10-hydroxy-8-decenoic acid. This is also the first study revealing the ability of these two species to produce beauvericin and enniatin B1, respectively. Moreover, for the first time in the present investigation, pyrrocidine A and/or B have been annotated as metabolites of S. strictum and L. lecanii. The production of toxic, insecticidal and antibacterial compounds in cultures of S. strictum, S. zeae and L. lecanii suggests the requirement to revise the approach to study the biological role of fungi inhabiting maize seeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidia Błaszczyk
- Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszyńska 34, 60-479 Poznań, Poland; (K.M.); (J.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-61-65-50-272
| | - Agnieszka Waśkiewicz
- Department of Chemistry, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 75, 60-625 Poznań, Poland; (A.W.); (K.G.)
| | - Karolina Gromadzka
- Department of Chemistry, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 75, 60-625 Poznań, Poland; (A.W.); (K.G.)
| | - Katarzyna Mikołajczak
- Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszyńska 34, 60-479 Poznań, Poland; (K.M.); (J.C.)
| | - Jerzy Chełkowski
- Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszyńska 34, 60-479 Poznań, Poland; (K.M.); (J.C.)
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Fungal Endophytes from Orchidaceae: Diversity and Applications. Fungal Biol 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-68260-6_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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