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Chen YC, Destouches L, Cook A, Fedorec AJH. Synthetic microbial ecology: engineering habitats for modular consortia. J Appl Microbiol 2024; 135:lxae158. [PMID: 38936824 DOI: 10.1093/jambio/lxae158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Microbiomes, the complex networks of micro-organisms and the molecules through which they interact, play a crucial role in health and ecology. Over at least the past two decades, engineering biology has made significant progress, impacting the bio-based industry, health, and environmental sectors; but has only recently begun to explore the engineering of microbial ecosystems. The creation of synthetic microbial communities presents opportunities to help us understand the dynamics of wild ecosystems, learn how to manipulate and interact with existing microbiomes for therapeutic and other purposes, and to create entirely new microbial communities capable of undertaking tasks for industrial biology. Here, we describe how synthetic ecosystems can be constructed and controlled, focusing on how the available methods and interaction mechanisms facilitate the regulation of community composition and output. While experimental decisions are dictated by intended applications, the vast number of tools available suggests great opportunity for researchers to develop a diverse array of novel microbial ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Casey Chen
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Louie Destouches
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Alice Cook
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Alex J H Fedorec
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
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2
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Trego AC, Conall Holohan B, Keating C, Graham A, O'Connor S, Gerardo M, Hughes D, Ijaz UZ, O'Flaherty V. First proof of concept for full-scale, direct, low-temperature anaerobic treatment of municipal wastewater. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 341:125786. [PMID: 34523560 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Municipal wastewater constitutes the largest fraction of wastewater, and yet treatment processes are largely removal-based. High-rate anaerobic digestion (AD) has revolutionised the sustainability of industrial wastewater treatment and could additionally provide an alternative for municipal wastewater. While AD of dilute municipal wastewater is common in tropical regions, the low temperatures of temperate climates has resulted in slow uptake. Here, we demonstrate for the first time, direct, high-rate, low-temperature AD of low-strength municipal wastewater at full-scale. An 88 m3 hybrid reactor was installed at the municipal wastewater treatment plant in Builth Wells, UK and operated for 290 days. Ambient temperatures ranged from 2 to 18 °C, but remained below 15 °C for > 100 days. Influent BOD fluctuated between 2 and 200 mg L-1. However, BOD removal often reached > 85%. 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing of DNA from the biomass revealed a highly adaptable core microbiome. These findings could provide the basis for the next-generation of municipal wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Christine Trego
- Microbial Ecology Laboratory, Microbiology, School of Natural Sciences, National University of Ireland, University Road, Galway H91 TK33, Ireland
| | - B Conall Holohan
- Microbial Ecology Laboratory, Microbiology, School of Natural Sciences, National University of Ireland, University Road, Galway H91 TK33, Ireland; NVP Energy Ltd., IDA Technology Park, Mervue, Galway, Ireland
| | - Ciara Keating
- Water Engineering Group, School of Engineering, The University of Glasgow, Oakfield Avenue, Glasgow G12 8LT, United Kingdom
| | - Alison Graham
- Microbial Ecology Laboratory, Microbiology, School of Natural Sciences, National University of Ireland, University Road, Galway H91 TK33, Ireland
| | - Sandra O'Connor
- Microbial Ecology Laboratory, Microbiology, School of Natural Sciences, National University of Ireland, University Road, Galway H91 TK33, Ireland
| | - Michael Gerardo
- Dwr Cymru Welsh Water, Gowerton WwTW, Victoria Road, Gowerton, Swansea SA4 3AB, United Kingdom
| | - Dermot Hughes
- NVP Energy Ltd., IDA Technology Park, Mervue, Galway, Ireland
| | - Umer Zeeshan Ijaz
- Water Engineering Group, School of Engineering, The University of Glasgow, Oakfield Avenue, Glasgow G12 8LT, United Kingdom.
| | - Vincent O'Flaherty
- Microbial Ecology Laboratory, Microbiology, School of Natural Sciences, National University of Ireland, University Road, Galway H91 TK33, Ireland
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3
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A Distinct, Flocculent, Acidogenic Microbial Community Accompanies Methanogenic Granules in Anaerobic Digesters. Microbiol Spectr 2021; 9:e0078421. [PMID: 34756083 PMCID: PMC8579839 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00784-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The formation of dense, well-settling methanogenic granules is essential for the operation of high-rate, up-flow anaerobic bioreactors used for wastewater treatment. Granule formation (granulation) mechanisms have been previously proposed, but an ecological understanding of granule formation is still lacking. Additionally, much of the current research on granulation only examines the start-up phase of bioreactor operation, rather than monitoring the fate of established granules and how new granules emerge over time. This paper, therefore, attempts to provide an insight into the microbial ecology of granule formation outside the start-up phase of bioreactor operation and develop an ecological granulation model. The microbial communities of granules actively undergoing growth, breakage, and reformation were examined, and an ecological granulation model was proposed. A distinct pregranular microbial community, with a high proportion of acidogenic organisms, such as the Streptococcaceae, was identified and suggested to have a role in initiating granulation by providing simpler substrates for the methanogenic and syntrophic communities which developed during granule growth. After initial granule formation, deterministic influences on microbial community assembly increased with granule size and indicated that microbial community succession was influenced by granule growth, leading to the formation of a stepwise ecological model for granulation. IMPORTANCE Complex microbial communities in engineered environments can aggregate to form surface-attached biofilms. Others form suspended biofilms, such as methanogenic granules. The formation of dense, methanogenic granules underpins the performance of high-rate, anaerobic bioreactors in industrial wastewater treatment. Granule formation (granulation) has been well studied from a physico-chemical perspective, but the ecological basis is poorly understood. We identified a distinct, flocculent, microbial community, which was present alongside granules, comprising primary consumers likely key in providing simpler substrates to granules. This flocculent community is understudied in anaerobic digestion and may initiate, or perpetuate, granule formation. We propose that it may be possible to influence bioreactor performance (e.g., to regulate volatile fatty acid concentrations) by manipulating this community. The patterns of microbial community diversity and assembly revealed by the study indicate that cycles of granule growth and breakage lead to overall diversification of the bioreactor meta-community, with implications for bioreactor process stability.
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Patel A, Arkatkar A, Singh S, Rabbani A, Solorza Medina JD, Ong ES, Habashy MM, Jadhav DA, Rene ER, Mungray AA, Mungray AK. Physico-chemical and biological treatment strategies for converting municipal wastewater and its residue to resources. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 282:130881. [PMID: 34087557 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
An increase in urbanization and industrialization has not only contributed to an improvement in the lifestyle of people, but it has also contributed to a surge in the generation of wastewater. To date, conventional physico-chemical and biological treatment methods are widely used for the treatment of wastewater. However, the efficient operation of these systems require substantial operation and maintenance costs, and the application of novel technologies for the treatment and disposal of sludge/residues. This review paper focuses on the application of different treatment options such as chemical, catalyst-based, thermochemical and biological processes for wastewater or sludge treatment and membrane-based technologies (i.e. pressure-driven and non-pressure driven) for the separation of the recovered products from wastewater and its residues. As evident from the literature, a wide variety of treatment and resource recovery options are possible, both from wastewater and its residues; however, the lack of planning and selecting the most appropriate design (treatment train) to scale up from pilot to the field scale has limited its practical application. The economic feasibility of the selected technologies was critically analyzed and the future research prospects of resource recovery from wastewater have been outlined in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asfak Patel
- Department of Chemical Engineering, S. V. National Institute of Technology Surat, Ichchhanath Surat-Dumas Road, Keval Chowk, Surat, 395007, Gujarat, India
| | - Ambika Arkatkar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, S. V. National Institute of Technology Surat, Ichchhanath Surat-Dumas Road, Keval Chowk, Surat, 395007, Gujarat, India
| | - Srishti Singh
- Department of Water Supply, Sanitation and Environmental Engineering, IHE Delft Institute for Water Education, Westvest 7, P.O. Box 3015, 2601DA, Delft, the Netherlands
| | - Alija Rabbani
- Department of Water Supply, Sanitation and Environmental Engineering, IHE Delft Institute for Water Education, Westvest 7, P.O. Box 3015, 2601DA, Delft, the Netherlands
| | - Juan David Solorza Medina
- Department of Water Supply, Sanitation and Environmental Engineering, IHE Delft Institute for Water Education, Westvest 7, P.O. Box 3015, 2601DA, Delft, the Netherlands
| | - Ee Shen Ong
- Department of Water Supply, Sanitation and Environmental Engineering, IHE Delft Institute for Water Education, Westvest 7, P.O. Box 3015, 2601DA, Delft, the Netherlands
| | - Mahmoud M Habashy
- Department of Water Supply, Sanitation and Environmental Engineering, IHE Delft Institute for Water Education, Westvest 7, P.O. Box 3015, 2601DA, Delft, the Netherlands
| | - Dipak A Jadhav
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Maharashtra Institute of Technology, Aurangabad 431010, Maharashtra, India
| | - Eldon R Rene
- Department of Water Supply, Sanitation and Environmental Engineering, IHE Delft Institute for Water Education, Westvest 7, P.O. Box 3015, 2601DA, Delft, the Netherlands
| | - Alka A Mungray
- Department of Chemical Engineering, S. V. National Institute of Technology Surat, Ichchhanath Surat-Dumas Road, Keval Chowk, Surat, 395007, Gujarat, India
| | - Arvind Kumar Mungray
- Department of Chemical Engineering, S. V. National Institute of Technology Surat, Ichchhanath Surat-Dumas Road, Keval Chowk, Surat, 395007, Gujarat, India.
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Verdel N, Rijavec T, Rybkin I, Erzin A, Velišček Ž, Pintar A, Lapanje A. Isolation, Identification, and Selection of Bacteria With Proof-of-Concept for Bioaugmentation of Whitewater From Wood-Free Paper Mills. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:758702. [PMID: 34671337 PMCID: PMC8521037 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.758702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In the wood-free paper industry, whitewater is usually a mixture of additives for paper production. We are currently lacking an efficient, cost-effective purification technology for their removal. In closed whitewater cycles the additives accumulate, causing adverse production problems, such as the formation of slime and pitch. The aim of our study was to find an effective bio-based strategy for whitewater treatment using a selection of indigenous bacterial isolates. We first obtained a large collection of bacterial isolates and then tested them individually by simple plate and spectrophotometric methods for their ability to degrade the papermaking additives, i.e., carbohydrates, resin acids, alkyl ketene dimers, polyvinyl alcohol, latex, and azo and fluorescent dyes. We examined correlation between carbon source use, genera, and inoculum source of isolates using two multivariate methods: principal component analysis and FreeViz projection. Of the 318 bacterial isolates, we selected a consortium of four strains (Xanthomonadales bacterium sp. CST37-CF, Sphingomonas sp. BLA14-CF, Cellulosimicrobium sp. AKD4-BF and Aeromonas sp. RES19-BTP) that degrade the entire spectrum of tested additives by means of dissolved organic carbon measurements. A proof-of-concept study on a pilot scale was then performed by immobilizing the artificial consortium of the four strains and inserting them into a 33-liter, tubular flow-through reactor with a retention time of < 15 h. The consortium caused an 88% reduction in the COD of the whitewater, even after 21 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nada Verdel
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry and Technology, National Institute of Chemistry, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tomaž Rijavec
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Iaroslav Rybkin
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany
| | - Anja Erzin
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Graduate School, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | - Albin Pintar
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry and Technology, National Institute of Chemistry, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Aleš Lapanje
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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6
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Trego AC, McAteer PG, Nzeteu C, Mahony T, Abram F, Ijaz UZ, O'Flaherty V. Combined Stochastic and Deterministic Processes Drive Community Assembly of Anaerobic Microbiomes During Granule Flotation. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:666584. [PMID: 34054772 PMCID: PMC8160314 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.666584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Advances in null-model approaches have resulted in a deeper understanding of community assembly mechanisms for a variety of complex microbiomes. One under-explored application is assembly of communities from the built-environment, especially during process disturbances. Anaerobic digestion for biological wastewater treatment is often underpinned by retaining millions of active granular biofilm aggregates. Flotation of granules is a major problem, resulting in process failure. Anaerobic aggregates were sampled from three identical bioreactors treating dairy wastewater. Microbiome structure was analysed using qPCR and 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing from DNA and cDNA. A comprehensive null-model approach quantified assembly mechanisms of floating and settled communities. Significant differences in diversity were observed between floating and settled granules, in particular, we highlight the changing abundances of Methanosaeta and Lactococcus. Both stochastic and deterministic processes were important for community assembly. Homogeneous selection was the primary mechanism for all categories, but dispersal processes also contributed. The lottery model was used to identify clade-level competition driving community assembly. Lottery “winners” were identified with different winners between floating and settled groups. Some groups changed their winner status when flotation occurred. Spirochaetaceae, for example, was only a winner in settled biomass (cDNA-level) and lost its winner status during flotation. Alternatively, Arcobacter butzerli gained winner status during flotation. This analysis provides a deeper understanding of changes that occur during process instabilities and identified groups which may be washed out—an important consideration for process control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Christine Trego
- Microbial Ecology Laboratory, Microbiology, School of Natural Sciences and Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Paul G McAteer
- Microbial Ecology Laboratory, Microbiology, School of Natural Sciences and Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland.,Functional Environmental Microbiology, Microbiology, School of Natural Sciences and Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Corine Nzeteu
- Microbial Ecology Laboratory, Microbiology, School of Natural Sciences and Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Therese Mahony
- Microbial Ecology Laboratory, Microbiology, School of Natural Sciences and Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Florence Abram
- Functional Environmental Microbiology, Microbiology, School of Natural Sciences and Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Umer Zeeshan Ijaz
- Water Engineering Group, School of Engineering, The University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Vincent O'Flaherty
- Microbial Ecology Laboratory, Microbiology, School of Natural Sciences and Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
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Torres K, Álvarez-Hornos FJ, Gabaldón C, Marzal P. Start-Up of Chitosan-Assisted Anaerobic Sludge Bed Reactors Treating Light Oxygenated Solvents under Intermittent Operation. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18094986. [PMID: 34067161 PMCID: PMC8125441 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18094986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Quality of the granular sludge developed during the start-up of anaerobic up-flow sludge bed reactors is of crucial importance to ensure the process feasibility of treating industrial wastewater such as those containing solvents. In this study, the microbial granule formation from suspended-growth biomass was investigated in two chitosan-assisted reactors. These reactors operated mimicking industrial sites working with night closures treating a mixture of ethanol, ethyl acetate, and 1-ethoxy-2-propanol. Each reactor operated under different hydrodynamic regimes typical from UASB (R1: <0.15 m h−1) and EGSB (R2: 3 m h−1). High soluble COD removal efficiencies (>90%) accompanied by rapid formation of robust anaerobic granules were achieved at both up-flow velocity levels. After three weeks from the start-up, mean size diameters of 475 µm and 354 µm were achieved for R1 and R2, respectively. The performance of the process was found to be stable for the whole operational period of 106 days treating intermittent OLR up to 13 kg COD m−3 d−1. A memory dose of chitosan at day 42 was beneficial to guarantee good quality of the granules by offsetting the negative impact of intermittent water supply on the granular size. Methanocorpusculum was identified as the dominant archaea at both up-flow velocities. Acetobacterium, Geobacter and Desulfovibrio bacteria were also abundant, demonstrating its role on the degradation of light-oxygenated solvents.
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Khan N, Khan MD, Sabir S, Nizami AS, Anwer AH, Rehan M, ZainKhan M. Deciphering the effects of temperature on bio-methane generation through anaerobic digestion. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:29766-29777. [PMID: 31873899 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-07245-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Anaerobic digestion (AD) is a sustainable wastewater treatment technology which facilitates energy, nutrient, and water recovery from organic wastes. The agricultural and industrial wastes are suitable substrates for the AD, as they contain a high level of biodegradable compounds. The aim of this study was to examine the AD of three different concentrations of phenol (100, 200, and 300 mg/L) containing wastewater with and without co-substrate (acetate) at four different temperatures (25, 35, 45, and 55 °C) to produce methane (CH4)-enriched biogas. It was observed that the chemical oxygen demand (COD) and phenol removal efficiencies of up to 76% and 72%, respectively, were achieved. The CH4 generation was found higher in anaerobic batch reactors (ABRs) using acetate as co-substrate, with the highest yield of 189.1 μL CH4 from 500 μL sample injected, obtained using 200 mg/L of phenol at 35 °C. The results revealed that the performance of ABR in terms of degradation efficiency, COD removal, and biogas generation was highest at 35 °C followed by 55, 45, and 25 °C indicating 35 °C to be the optimum temperature for AD of phenolic wastewater with maximum energy recovery. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed that the morphology of the anaerobic sludge depends greatly on the temperature at which the system is maintained which in turn affects the performance and degradation of toxic contaminants like phenol. It was observed that the anaerobic sludge maintained at 35 °C showed uniform channels leading to higher permeability through enhanced mass transfer to achieve higher degradation rates. However, the denser sludge as in the case of 55 °C showed lesser permeability leading to limited transfer and thus reduced treatment. Quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) analysis revealed a more noteworthy change in the population of the microbial communities due to temperature than the presence of phenol with the methanogens being the dominating species at 35 °C. The findings suggest that the planned operation of the ABR could be a promising choice for CH4-enriched biogas and COD removal from phenolic wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nishat Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Environmental Research Laboratory, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, 202002, India
| | - Mohammad Danish Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Environmental Research Laboratory, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, 202002, India
| | - Suhail Sabir
- Department of Chemistry, Environmental Research Laboratory, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, 202002, India
| | - Abdul-Sattar Nizami
- Sustainable Development Study Centre, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Abdul Hakeem Anwer
- Department of Chemistry, Environmental Research Laboratory, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, 202002, India
| | - Mohammad Rehan
- Center of Excellence in Environmental Studies (CEES), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad ZainKhan
- Department of Chemistry, Environmental Research Laboratory, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, 202002, India.
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Trego AC, Galvin E, Sweeney C, Dunning S, Murphy C, Mills S, Nzeteu C, Quince C, Connelly S, Ijaz UZ, Collins G. Growth and Break-Up of Methanogenic Granules Suggests Mechanisms for Biofilm and Community Development. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1126. [PMID: 32582085 PMCID: PMC7285868 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Methanogenic sludge granules are densely packed, small, spherical biofilms found in anaerobic digesters used to treat industrial wastewaters, where they underpin efficient organic waste conversion and biogas production. Each granule theoretically houses representative microorganisms from all of the trophic groups implicated in the successive and interdependent reactions of the anaerobic digestion (AD) process. Information on exactly how methanogenic granules develop, and their eventual fate will be important for precision management of environmental biotechnologies. Granules from a full-scale bioreactor were size-separated into small (0.6-1 mm), medium (1-1.4 mm), and large (1.4-1.8 mm) size fractions. Twelve laboratory-scale bioreactors were operated using either small, medium, or large granules, or unfractionated sludge. After >50 days of operation, the granule size distribution in each of the small, medium, and large bioreactor sets had diversified beyond-to both bigger and smaller than-the size fraction used for inoculation. Interestingly, extra-small (XS; <0.6 mm) granules were observed, and retained in all of the bioreactors, suggesting the continuous nature of granulation, and/or the breakage of larger granules into XS bits. Moreover, evidence suggested that even granules with small diameters could break. "New" granules from each emerging size were analyzed by studying community structure based on high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Methanobacterium, Aminobacterium, Propionibacteriaceae, and Desulfovibrio represented the majority of the community in new granules. H2-using, and not acetoclastic, methanogens appeared more important, and were associated with abundant syntrophic bacteria. Multivariate integration (MINT) analyses identified distinct discriminant taxa responsible for shaping the microbial communities in different-sized granules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Christine Trego
- Microbial Communities Laboratory, School of Natural Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
- Microbial Ecology Laboratory, School of Natural Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Evan Galvin
- Microbial Communities Laboratory, School of Natural Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Conor Sweeney
- Microbial Communities Laboratory, School of Natural Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Sinéad Dunning
- Microbial Communities Laboratory, School of Natural Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Cillian Murphy
- Microbial Communities Laboratory, School of Natural Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Simon Mills
- Microbial Communities Laboratory, School of Natural Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Corine Nzeteu
- Microbial Ecology Laboratory, School of Natural Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | | | - Stephanie Connelly
- Infrastructure and Environment, School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Umer Zeeshan Ijaz
- Infrastructure and Environment, School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Gavin Collins
- Microbial Communities Laboratory, School of Natural Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
- Infrastructure and Environment, School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
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10
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Feedstock thermal pretreatment selectively steers process stability during the anaerobic digestion of waste activated sludge. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:3675-3686. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10472-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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11
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Solar Septic Tank: Next Generation Sequencing Reveals Effluent Microbial Community Composition as a Useful Index of System Performance. WATER 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/w11122660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Septic tanks are widely deployed for off-grid sewage management but are typified by poor treatment performance, discharge of polluting effluents and the requirement for frequent de-sludging. The Solar Septic Tank (SST) is a novel septic tank design that uses passive heat from the sun to raise in-tank temperatures and improves solids degradation, resulting in a cleaner effluent. Treatment has been shown to exceed conventional systems, however, the underlying biology driving treatment in the system is poorly understood. We used next generation sequencing (Illumina Miseq (San Diego, CA, USA), V4 region 16S DNA) to monitor the microbiology in the sludge and effluent of two mature systems, a conventional septic tank and an SST, during four months of routine operation in Bangkok, Thailand, and evaluated the ecology against a suite of operating and performance data collected during the same time period. Significant differences were observed between the microbiome of the sludge and effluent in each system and the dominant taxa in each appeared persistent over time. Furthermore, variation in the microbial community composition in the system effluents correlated with effluent water quality and treatment performance parameters, including the removal of chemical and biochemical oxygen demand and the concentration of fecal and total coliforms in the effluent. Thus, we propose that a wide-scale survey of the biology underlying decentralised biotechnologies for sewage treatment such as the SST could be conducted by sampling system effluent rather than sampling sludge. This is advantageous as accessing sludge during sampling is both hazardous and potentially disruptive to the anaerobic methanogenic consortia underlying treatment in the systems.
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12
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Chan AWY, Naphtali J, Schellhorn HE. High-throughput DNA sequencing technologies for water and wastewater analysis. Sci Prog 2019; 102:351-376. [PMID: 31818206 PMCID: PMC10424514 DOI: 10.1177/0036850419881855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Conventional microbiological water monitoring uses culture-dependent techniques to screen indicator microbial species such as Escherichia coli and fecal coliforms. With high-throughput, second-generation sequencing technologies becoming less expensive, water quality monitoring programs can now leverage the massively parallel nature of second-generation sequencing technologies for batch sample processing to simultaneously obtain compositional and functional information of culturable and as yet uncultured microbial organisms. This review provides an introduction to the technical capabilities and considerations necessary for the use of second-generation sequencing technologies, specifically 16S rDNA amplicon and whole-metagenome sequencing, to investigate the composition and functional potential of microbiomes found in water and wastewater systems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - James Naphtali
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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Lin YC, Ni CH, Wu CY, Lin JCT. A full-scale study of external circulation sludge bed (ECSB) system for anaerobic wastewater treatment in a whiskey distillery. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:34261-34276. [PMID: 30635882 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-4018-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Waste liquid streams from distillery were a hurdle in conventional wastewater treatment due to extreme high chemical oxygen demand (COD) and fluctuating feed conditions. A recently commissioned full-scale external circulation sludge bed (ECSB) was applied at a malt whiskey distillery in northeast Taiwan. Start-up of the new ECSB system, which has a total volume of 490 m3 with diameter of 6.55 m (ø) and height of 15.9 m (H), was performed by gradual increasing influent flow rates from zero to the design value of 300 m3 day-1 in the first 90 days. In the subsequent 204 days, both influent flow rates (0-389 m3 day-1) and COD concentrations (2.8-18.1 kg L-1) were highly fluctuated due to diverse batches from the distillery. However, effective bioremediation (COD removal 95.1 ± 2.4%) and biogas production (1195 ± 724 L day-1) were achieved in this system. Intensively, the Imhoff tests were carried out and shown the settled solids concentration by 0.5 ± 0.4 mL L-1, while size distributions of granular sludge were analyzed and observed by SEM-EDS. In addition, developments of the anaerobic systems (including lab, pilot, and full scale from the simplest reactor to the latest ECSB) applied in whiskey wastewater treatment were reviewed with their operational parameters for comparing performances of various anaerobic systems. In general, real-time monitoring and feasible operation strategies were critical to successfully run the system by producing clean energy simultaneously. It provides more economically attractive and sustainable-to-adopt ECSB not only an end-of-pipe process but also a bioresource technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chung Lin
- EigenGreen International Inc., Taipei City, 10483, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Hua Ni
- Eco-digital Technology Inc., Taipei City, 10483, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Yi Wu
- EigenGreen International Inc., Taipei City, 10483, Taiwan
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Science, Feng Chia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Justin Chun-Te Lin
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Science, Feng Chia University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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Shin SG, Han G, Lee J, Shin J, Hwang S. A snapshot of microbial community structures in 20 different field-scale anaerobic bioreactors treating food waste. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2019; 248:109297. [PMID: 31376610 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.109297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2018] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to identify significant factors shaping the microbial populations in biogas plants treating food waste (FW). Twenty full-scale anaerobic acidogenic/methanogenic bioreactors, located at 11 FW treatment facilities, were compared to find patterns in their microbial community structures and potential interactions with the process parameters. Temperature, hydraulic retention time, and organic loading rate were design parameters that systematically influenced the microbial communities. The latter two clearly separated the acidogenic and methanogenic bioreactors. Lactobacillus was the dominant (69.7 ± 19.8%) bacteria in the acidogenic reactors, while hydrogen-utilizing methanogens, such as Methanoculleus (65.1 ± 33.5%), were the dominant archaea in most methanogenic digesters. Defluiviitoga was the dominant (82.7 ± 1.4%) bacteria in the thermophilic digesters, but was also the most abundant (33.1-33.6%) bacteria in dry mesophilic digesters. The two bioreactor categories had lower bacterial diversities, and also higher propionate concentrations (>5 g/L in 4 out of 5 cases), which may impose potential risks for the management of such digesters. The current 'snapshot' of the microbial communities suggests several bacterial and archaeal taxa as potential indicators of bioreactor categories and/or process variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Gu Shin
- Department of Energy Engineering, Future Convergence Technology Research Institute, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology, Jinju, Gyeongnam, South Korea
| | - Gyuseong Han
- Research & Development Institute, Lotte Engineering & Construction, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Joonyeob Lee
- Division of Environmental Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, South Korea
| | - Juhee Shin
- Department of Energy Engineering, Future Convergence Technology Research Institute, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology, Jinju, Gyeongnam, South Korea
| | - Seokhwan Hwang
- Division of Environmental Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, South Korea.
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Lippens C, De Vrieze J. Exploiting the unwanted: Sulphate reduction enables phosphate recovery from energy-rich sludge during anaerobic digestion. WATER RESEARCH 2019; 163:114859. [PMID: 31330399 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2019.114859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Anaerobic digestion is shifting from a single-purpose technology for renewable energy recovery from organic waste streams to a process for integrated resource recovery. The valorisation of high-rate energy- and phosphorus-rich sludge creates the opportunity for their combined recovery. This phosphate is present in a precipitated form in the sludge, and its release into the liquid phase is an important issue before recovery can be achieved. The objective of this research was to exploit the "unwanted" sulphate reduction process for the release of phosphate into the liquid phase during anaerobic digestion, thus, making it available for recovery. Two different treatments were considered, i.e., a control digester and a digester to which sulphate was added, each operated in triplicate for a period of 119 days. The control digester showed stable methane production at 628 ± 103 mL CH4 L-1 d-1, with a feedstock COD (chemical oxygen demand) conversion efficiency of 89.5 ± 14.6%. In contrast, the digester with sulphate addition showed a 29.9 ± 15.3% decrease in methane production, reaching an "inhibited steady state", but phosphate release into the liquid phase increased to 58.7 ± 12.9% of total P, a factor 4.5 higher than the control digester. This inhibited steady state coincided with a clear shift from a Methanosaetaceae to a Methanosarcinaceae dominated methanogenic community. Overall, the sulphate reduction process allows phosphate release during the anaerobic digestion process, yet, at the cost of a reduced methane production rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celine Lippens
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000, Gent, Belgium
| | - Jo De Vrieze
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000, Gent, Belgium. http://www.cmet.ugent.be
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16
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Tao Y, Huang X, Gao D, Wang X, Chen C, Liang H, van Loosdrecht MCM. NanoSIMS reveals unusual enrichment of acetate and propionate by an anammox consortium dominated by Jettenia asiatica. WATER RESEARCH 2019; 159:223-232. [PMID: 31100576 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2019.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Revised: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing (anammox) bacteria convert ammonium and nitrite into N2 in a chemolithoautotrophic way, meaning that they utilize CO2/HCO3 solely as their carbon sources. Such autotrophic behavior limits their competitiveness with heterotrophic microorganisms in both natural environments and engineered systems. Recently, environmental metagenomic results have indicated the capability of anammox bacteria to metabolize short-chain fatty acids, further confirmed by limited experimental evidence based on highly enriched cultures. However, clear evidence is difficult to get because of the limits of traditional methodologies which rely on the availability of a pure anammox culture. In this study, we identified and quantified the uptake of acetate and propionate, on a single-cell level, by an anammox consortium that was dominated by Candidatus Jettenia asiatica (relative abundance of 96%). The consortium, growing in granular form with an average relative abundance of anammox bacteria of 96.0%, was firstly incubated in a13C-labelled acetate or propionate medium; then microtome sections were scanned by a nanometer-scale secondary ion mass spectrometer (NanoSIMS). The NanoSIMS scannings revealed that the consortium enriched acetate and propionate at a >10 times higher efficiency than bicarbonate incorporation. Our results also suggest that acetate or propionate was likely not assimilated by J. asiatica directly, but firstly oxidized to CO2, which then served as carbon sources for the follow-up autotrophy in J. asiatica cells. Furthermore, more [15N]ammonium was enriched by the propionate-fed consortium than the acetate-fed consortium despite that exactly the same amount of 13C atoms were supplied. Our study strongly indicates an alternative lifestyle, namely organotrophy, in addition to chemolithoautotrophy of anammox bacteria, making it more versatile than often expected. It suggests that the niche of anammox bacteria in both natural and engineered ecosystems can be much broader than usual assumed. Recognising this is important for their role in wastewater treatment and the global nitrogen turn-over rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Xiaoli Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Dawen Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China; School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China.
| | - Xiaolong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Chunhong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Hong Liang
- School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
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Performance and Microbial Community Dynamics in Anaerobic Digestion of Waste Activated Sludge: Impact of Immigration. ENERGIES 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/en12030573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Waste activated sludge (WAS) is a byproduct of municipal wastewater treatment. WAS contains a large proportion of inactive microbes, so when it is used as a substrate for anaerobic digestion (AD), their presence can interfere with monitoring of active microbial populations. To investigate how influent cells affect the active and inactive microbial communities during digestion of WAS, we operated model mesophilic bioreactors with conventional conditions. Under six different hydraulic retention times (HRTs; 25, 23, 20, 17, 14, and 11.5 d), the chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal and CH4 production of the AD were within a typical range for mesophilic sludge digesters. In the main bacteria were proteobacteria, bacteroidetes, and firmicutes in both the WAS and the bioreactors, while in main archaeal methanogen group was Methanosarcinales in the WAS and methanomicrobiales in the bioreactors. Of the 106 genera identified, the estimated net growth rates were negative in 72 and positive in 34. The genera with negative growth included many aerobic taxa. The genera with positive growth rates included methanogens and syntrophs. In some taxa, the net growth rate could be positive or negative, depending on HRT, so their abundance was also affected by HRT. This study gives insights into the microbial dynamics of a conventional sludge anaerobic digester by distinguishing potentially active (growing) and inactive (non-growing, dormant) microbes and by correlating population dynamics with process parameters.
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De Vrieze J, Ijaz UZ, Saunders AM, Theuerl S. Terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism is an "old school" reliable technique for swift microbial community screening in anaerobic digestion. Sci Rep 2018; 8:16818. [PMID: 30429514 PMCID: PMC6235954 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-34921-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The microbial community in anaerobic digestion has been analysed through microbial fingerprinting techniques, such as terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (TRFLP), for decades. In the last decade, high-throughput 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing has replaced these techniques, but the time-consuming and complex nature of high-throughput techniques is a potential bottleneck for full-scale anaerobic digestion application, when monitoring community dynamics. Here, the bacterial and archaeal TRFLP profiles were compared with 16S rRNA gene amplicon profiles (Illumina platform) of 25 full-scale anaerobic digestion plants. The α-diversity analysis revealed a higher richness based on Illumina data, compared with the TRFLP data. This coincided with a clear difference in community organisation, Pareto distribution, and co-occurrence network statistics, i.e., betweenness centrality and normalised degree. The β-diversity analysis showed a similar clustering profile for the Illumina, bacterial TRFLP and archaeal TRFLP data, based on different distance measures and independent of phylogenetic identification, with pH and temperature as the two key operational parameters determining microbial community composition. The combined knowledge of temporal dynamics and projected clustering in the β-diversity profile, based on the TRFLP data, distinctly showed that TRFLP is a reliable technique for swift microbial community dynamics screening in full-scale anaerobic digestion plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jo De Vrieze
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000, Gent, Belgium.
| | - Umer Z Ijaz
- Infrastructure and Environment Research Division, School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Aaron M Saunders
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Aalborg University, Sohngardsholmsvej 49, 9000, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Susanne Theuerl
- Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy e.V. (ATB), Department Bioengineering, Max-Eyth-Allee 100, D-14469, Potsdam, Germany
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Dhoble AS, Lahiri P, Bhalerao KD. Machine learning analysis of microbial flow cytometry data from nanoparticles, antibiotics and carbon sources perturbed anaerobic microbiomes. J Biol Eng 2018; 12:19. [PMID: 30220912 PMCID: PMC6134764 DOI: 10.1186/s13036-018-0112-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Flow cytometry, with its high throughput nature, combined with the ability to measure an increasing number of cell parameters at once can surpass the throughput of prevalent genomic and metagenomic approaches in the study of microbiomes. Novel computational approaches to analyze flow cytometry data will result in greater insights and actionability as compared to traditional tools used in the analysis of microbiomes. This paper is a demonstration of the fruitfulness of machine learning in analyzing microbial flow cytometry data generated in anaerobic microbiome perturbation experiments. RESULTS Autoencoders were found to be powerful in detecting anomalies in flow cytometry data from nanoparticles and carbon sources perturbed anaerobic microbiomes but was marginal in predicting perturbations due to antibiotics. A comparison between different algorithms based on predictive capabilities suggested that gradient boosting (GB) and deep learning, i.e. feed forward artificial neural network with three hidden layers (DL) were marginally better under tested conditions at predicting overall community structure while distributed random forests (DRF) worked better for predicting the most important putative microbial group(s) in the anaerobic digesters viz. methanogens, and it can be optimized with better parameter tuning. Predictive classification patterns with DL (feed forward artificial neural network with three hidden layers) were found to be comparable to previously demonstrated multivariate analysis. The potential applications of this approach have been demonstrated for monitoring the syntrophic resilience of the anaerobic microbiomes perturbed by synthetic nanoparticles as well as antibiotics. CONCLUSION Machine learning can benefit the microbial flow cytometry research community by providing rapid screening and characterization tools to discover patterns in the dynamic response of microbiomes to several stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek S. Dhoble
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1304 W. Pennsylvania, Urbana, 61801 USA
| | - Pratik Lahiri
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1304 W. Pennsylvania, Urbana, 61801 USA
| | - Kaustubh D. Bhalerao
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1304 W. Pennsylvania, Urbana, 61801 USA
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Vardanyan A, Kafa N, Konstantinidis V, Shin SG, Vyrides I. Phosphorus dissolution from dewatered anaerobic sludge: Effect of pHs, microorganisms, and sequential extraction. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 249:464-472. [PMID: 29065329 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.09.188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Revised: 09/24/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus (P) and iron mass balance from Limassol Wastewater Treatment Plant showed that the major removal and accumulation occurred at the aerobic secondary stage and at Dewatered Anaerobic Sludge (DWAS), respectively. The purpose of this study was to examine various parameters that effect the P dissolution under low pH from DWAS. The parameters that significantly contribute to P extraction were the exposure to pH 2.5, the anaerobic conditions and the sequential extraction. The addition of chemolithotrophic acidophilic bacteria has negatively influenced P dissolution, whereas the addition of acidophilic Heterotrophic Iron Reducing (HIR) bacteria has slightly increased P dissolution but they contributed to pH maintenance at lower levels compared to no addition of HIR. P fractionation of the residual sludge after sequential extraction pointed out that the organically bound P was hardly dissoluted from DWAS. The residual DWAS after acid treatment generated around 45% less methane compared to the initial DWAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arevik Vardanyan
- SPC "Armbiotechnology" of the National Academy of Sciences of Armenia, Department of Microbiology, 14 Gyurjyan Str., 0056 Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Nasia Kafa
- Cyprus University of Technology, Department of Environmental Science and Technology, 95 Eirinis Str., P.O. BOX 50329, 3603 Limassol, Cyprus
| | - Viktoras Konstantinidis
- Sewerage Board of Limassol - Amathus (SBLA), Franklin Rousvelt 76, Building Α, P.O. Box 50622, 3608 Limassol, Cyprus
| | - Seung Gu Shin
- Department of Energy Engineering, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology (GNTECH), 33 Dongjin-ro, Jinju, Gyeongnam, South Korea
| | - Ioannis Vyrides
- Cyprus University of Technology, Department of Environmental Science and Technology, 95 Eirinis Str., P.O. BOX 50329, 3603 Limassol, Cyprus.
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Valijanian E, Tabatabaei M, Aghbashlo M, Sulaiman A, Chisti Y. Biogas Production Systems. BIOFUEL AND BIOREFINERY TECHNOLOGIES 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-77335-3_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Cho SK, Jung KW, Kim DH, Kwon JC, Ijaz UZ, Shin SG. Bacterial community analysis in upflow multilayer anaerobic reactor treating high-solids organic wastes. Biotechnol Prog 2017; 33:1226-1234. [PMID: 28840641 PMCID: PMC6585729 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Revised: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
A novel anaerobic digestion configuration, the upflow multi-layer anaerobic reactor (UMAR), was developed to treat high-solids organic wastes. The UMAR was hypothesized to form multi-layer along depth due to the upflow plug flow; use of a recirculation system and a rotating distributor and baffles aimed to assist treating high-solids influent. The chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiency and methane (CH4 ) production rate were 89% and 2.10 L CH4 /L/d, respectively, at the peak influent COD concentration (110.4 g/L) and organic loading rate (7.5 g COD/L/d). The 454 pyrosequencing results clearly indicated heterogeneous distribution of bacterial communities at different vertical locations (upper, middle, and bottom) of the UMAR. Firmicutes was the dominant (>70%) phylum at the middle and bottom parts, while Deltaproteobacteria and Chloroflexi were only found in the upper part. Potential functions of the bacteria were discussed to speculate on their roles in the anaerobic performance of the UMAR system. © 2017 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 33:1226-1234, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Kyung Cho
- Dept. of Biological and Environmental Science, Dongguk University, 32 Dongguk-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Won Jung
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Hoon Kim
- Dept. of Civil Engineering, Inha University, 100 Inharo, Nam-gu, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Joong-Chun Kwon
- Ecodigm, 10-6, 339 Expo-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Umer Zeeshan Ijaz
- Infrastructure and Environment Division, School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8LT, UK
| | - Seung Gu Shin
- Department of Energy Engineering, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology (GNTECH), Jinju, Republic of Korea
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