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Huang T, Inomata T, Sung J, Yoshida N, Ishida G, Ohara H, Yamaguchi M, Akasaki Y, Okumura Y, Nagino K, Hirosawa K, Mita T, Nakao S, Ishida N. Human ocular thelaziasis with genetic analysis in Niigata Prefecture, Japan: A case report on an emerging zoonosis. Am J Ophthalmol Case Rep 2024; 34:102030. [PMID: 38510338 PMCID: PMC10951443 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajoc.2024.102030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose We report the clinical findings and molecular identification of ocular Thelazia callipaeda from Niigata Prefecture in the Hokuriku area of Japan during winter. Observations A 77-year-old male visited an ophthalmology clinic in Niigata Prefecture in January 2022 after a 2-week-duration of a conjunctival injection in the left eye and foreign body sensation. Slit-lamp microscopy revealed 11 active nematodes in the left conjunctival sac. Morphological characteristics included longer female body length than male, buccal cavity lacking teeth and lips, and serrated striations along the body surface. The specimens were determined to be T. callipaeda. Genetic analysis of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) gene revealed an h9 haplotype. Conclusions and Importance T. callipaeda infection, especially the h9 haplotype, commonly occurs in western Japan owing to its higher incidence in warmer climates, suggesting the origin of the case. Here, we report a human case of Thelaziasis diagnosed in a cold region of Japan (the Hokuriku area) during winter. This human case of T. callipaeda infection from a cold, previously unassociated region, raises concerns about the potential geographical widening of its distribution, and further investigation may be warranted to prevent its spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianxiang Huang
- Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology, Tokyo, Japan
- Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Digital Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takenori Inomata
- Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology, Tokyo, Japan
- Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Digital Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Hospital Administration, Tokyo, Japan
- Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Telemedicine and Mobile Health, Tokyo, Japan
- Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, AI Incubation Farm, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jaemyoung Sung
- Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoko Yoshida
- Juntendo University School of Medicine, Department of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Gaku Ishida
- Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology, Tokyo, Japan
- Ishida Eye Clinic, Niigata, Japan
| | | | - Masahiro Yamaguchi
- Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasutsugu Akasaki
- Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology, Tokyo, Japan
- Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Digital Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuichi Okumura
- Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology, Tokyo, Japan
- Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Digital Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Telemedicine and Mobile Health, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ken Nagino
- Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology, Tokyo, Japan
- Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Digital Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Hospital Administration, Tokyo, Japan
- Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Telemedicine and Mobile Health, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kunihiko Hirosawa
- Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology, Tokyo, Japan
- Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Digital Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Mita
- Juntendo University School of Medicine, Department of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shintaro Nakao
- Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology, Tokyo, Japan
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Aleix-Mata G, Arcenillas-Hernández I, de Ybáñez MRR, Martínez-Carrasco C, Montiel EE, Sánchez A. Complete mitochondrial genome of Metathelazia capsulata (Pneumospiruridae) and comparison with other Spiruromorpha species. Parasitol Res 2023; 123:3. [PMID: 38047982 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-023-08035-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Metathelazia capsulata (family Pneumospiruridae) is a lungworm parasitizing the bronchi and bronchioles, described in four species of wild carnivores. Very little molecular data are available on this nematode and none on other species of the Pneumospiruridae family. In this work, we describe for the first time the complete mitogenome (mitochondrial genome) of M. capsulata, being the first described of the family Pneumospiruridae. The mitogenome of M. capsulata has 13,659 bp in length, an A + T content of 79.2%. The mitogenome included 12 protein-coding genes (PCGs) (lacking the atp8 gene), 22 tRNA genes, 2 rRNA genes (all the genes are coded by the heavy strand), and an AT-rich region. The PCGs varied in size (232 bp-1645 bp). Only the tRNA-Trp has the standard cloverleaf secondary structure, while the other 21 do not. The AT-rich region, with a 90.5% A + T content and a length of 389 bp, is located between the cox3 and tRNA-Ala genes. Comparison with the mitogenomes of 29 species of Spiruromorpha infraorder, belonging to different families, demonstrates that M. capsulata mitogenome shared the common characteristics of most of them. The phylogeny constructions yielded phylogenies that were in agreement with the obtained previously by using sequences and gene order data of mitogenomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaël Aleix-Mata
- Departamento de Biología Experimental, Área de Genética, Universidad de Jaén, Paraje de Las Lagunillas S/N., 23071, Jaén, España
| | - Irene Arcenillas-Hernández
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Regional "Campus Mare Nostrum", Universidad de Murcia, 30001, Murcia, España
| | - María Rocío Ruiz de Ybáñez
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Regional "Campus Mare Nostrum", Universidad de Murcia, 30001, Murcia, España
| | - Carlos Martínez-Carrasco
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Regional "Campus Mare Nostrum", Universidad de Murcia, 30001, Murcia, España
| | - Eugenia E Montiel
- Departamento de Biología (Genética), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, España
| | - Antonio Sánchez
- Departamento de Biología Experimental, Área de Genética, Universidad de Jaén, Paraje de Las Lagunillas S/N., 23071, Jaén, España.
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3
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Comparative mitogenomics of Spirocerca lupi from South Africa and China: Variation and possible heteroplasmy. Vet Parasitol 2021; 300:109595. [PMID: 34678674 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2021.109595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The complete mitochondrial genome of Spirocerca lupi isolated from a dog in South Africa was sequenced using next generation sequencing (NGS) technology and the 12 protein coding genes along with the two rRNA genes were compared to 18 other nematode species as well as S. lupi from China. The mitochondrial genome of S. lupi South Africa had a mean genetic diversity of 6.1 % compared to S. lupi China with some variation in nucleotide composition, gene positioning and size. Pairwise distance results indicated slightly higher variation when compared to the pairwise distances of other closely related species, however, this variation was not high enough for it to be considered a cryptic species. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that S. lupi from the two continents are very similar. In addition, single nucleotide polymorphisms were detected in the nad2 gene with ten sequence variants identified from 10 clones from a single nematode, suggesting possible heteroplasmy. The origin of the heteroplasmy is currently unknown but it is speculated to have arisen from accumulated mutations in the mitochondria during somatic replication.
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Chen M, Huang D, Chen J, Huang Y, Zheng H, Tang Y, Zhang Q, Chen S, Ai L, Zhou X, Zhang R. Genetic Characterization and Detection of Angiostrongylus cantonensis by Molecular Approaches. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2021; 21:643-652. [PMID: 34242520 DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2020.2734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiostrongylus cantonensis constitutes a major etiologic agent of eosinophilic meningoencephalitis. The detection methods for angiostrongyliasis mainly depend on morphology or immunology. A firmer diagnosis could be reached by directly detecting the parasite in the cerebrospinal fluid or through laboratory assays that are specific for Angiostrongylus-induced antibodies or the parasite's DNA. A. cantonensis detection could be carried out by larva release from the tissue upon pepsin digestion. However, the procedure requires live mollusks, which might complicate the analysis of large amounts of samples. Since morphological assays are limited, multiple molecular techniques have been put forward for detecting A. cantonensis, including PCR amplification of targets followed by fragment length or DNA sequence analysis. This allows rapid and accurate identification of A. cantonensis for efficient infection management and epidemiological purposes. In this study, we reviewed the current methods, concepts, and applications of molecular approaches to better understand the genetic characterization, molecular detection methods, and practical application of molecular detection in A. cantonensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muxin Chen
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China.,Health Education and Detection Center, National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research), Shanghai, China.,Health Education and Detection Center, NHC Key Laboratory for Parasitology and Vector Biology, Shanghai, China.,Health Education and Detection Center, WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, China.,Health Education and Detection Center, National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Dana Huang
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jiaxu Chen
- Health Education and Detection Center, National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research), Shanghai, China.,Health Education and Detection Center, NHC Key Laboratory for Parasitology and Vector Biology, Shanghai, China.,Health Education and Detection Center, WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, China.,Health Education and Detection Center, National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, China.,Health Education and Detection Center, National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Joint Laboratory for Imported Tropical Disease Control, Shanghai, China
| | - Yalan Huang
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
| | - Huiwen Zheng
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yijun Tang
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shaohong Chen
- Health Education and Detection Center, National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research), Shanghai, China.,Health Education and Detection Center, NHC Key Laboratory for Parasitology and Vector Biology, Shanghai, China.,Health Education and Detection Center, WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, China.,Health Education and Detection Center, National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Ai
- Health Education and Detection Center, National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research), Shanghai, China.,Health Education and Detection Center, NHC Key Laboratory for Parasitology and Vector Biology, Shanghai, China.,Health Education and Detection Center, WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, China.,Health Education and Detection Center, National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, China.,Department of One Health, School of Global Health, Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaonong Zhou
- Health Education and Detection Center, National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research), Shanghai, China.,Health Education and Detection Center, NHC Key Laboratory for Parasitology and Vector Biology, Shanghai, China.,Health Education and Detection Center, WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, China.,Health Education and Detection Center, National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, China.,Health Education and Detection Center, National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Joint Laboratory for Imported Tropical Disease Control, Shanghai, China.,Department of One Health, School of Global Health, Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Renli Zhang
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
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Lanková S, Vejl P, Melounová M, Čílová D, Vadlejch J, Miklisová D, Jankovská I, Langrová I. Setaria cervi (Filarioidea, Onchocercidae) undressing in ungulates: altered morphology of developmental stages, their molecular detection and complete sequence cox1 gene. Parasitology 2021; 148:598-611. [PMID: 33407959 PMCID: PMC10950381 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182020002449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
This work introduces new morphological and molecular information on the filaroid nematode Setaria cervi (Rudolphi, 1819) obtained from 13 infected game ungulates out of 96 dissected. The hosts comprised the following: a single moose (Alces alces), ten red deer (Cervus elaphus) and two sika deer (Cervus nippon) originating from the western and northern regions of the Czech Republic. Based on the complete sequences of the gene encoding mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1), all 20 females and four males belonged to the species S. cervi. We detected three developmental female stages (adult fertile females, juvenile L5 females and L4 female larvae) differing in size and some morphological traits as the subtle structure of peribuccal crown and shape and features of tail knob. Such differences were described in detail for the first time. The phylogenetic relationships within the family Onchocercidae have been evaluated using new information on the cox1 sequence of S. cervi (maximum likelihood method, GTR + I + G model). In accordance with the latest phylogenetic studies, the present analysis confirmed the ancient separation of the subclass Setariinae from the remaining two onchocercid lineages Dirofilariinae and Onchocerinae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylva Lanková
- Department of Zoology and Fisheries, Centre for Infectious Animal Diseases, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 00 Praha – Suchdol, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Vejl
- Department of Genetics and Breeding, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 00 Praha – Suchdol, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Melounová
- Department of Genetics and Breeding, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 00 Praha – Suchdol, Czech Republic
| | - Daniela Čílová
- Department of Genetics and Breeding, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 00 Praha – Suchdol, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Vadlejch
- Department of Zoology and Fisheries, Centre for Infectious Animal Diseases, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 00 Praha – Suchdol, Czech Republic
| | - Dana Miklisová
- Institute of Parasitology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Hlinkova 3, 04001 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Ivana Jankovská
- Department of Zoology and Fisheries, Centre for Infectious Animal Diseases, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 00 Praha – Suchdol, Czech Republic
| | - Iva Langrová
- Department of Zoology and Fisheries, Centre for Infectious Animal Diseases, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 00 Praha – Suchdol, Czech Republic
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Bryant AJ, Pham A, Gogoi H, Mitchell CR, Pais F, Jin L. The Third Man: DNA sensing as espionage in pulmonary vascular health and disease. Pulm Circ 2021; 11:2045894021996574. [PMID: 33738095 PMCID: PMC7934053 DOI: 10.1177/2045894021996574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
For as long as nucleic acids have been utilized to vertically and horizontally transfer genetic material, living organisms have had to develop methods of recognizing cytosolic DNA as either pathogenic (microbial invasion) or physiologic (mitosis and cellular proliferation). Derangement in key signaling molecules involved in these pathways of DNA sensing result in a family of diseases labeled interferonopathies. An interferonopathy, characterized by constitutive expression of type I interferons, ultimately manifests as severe autoimmune disease at a young age. Afflicted patients present with a constellation of immune-mediated conditions, including primary lung manifestations such as pulmonary fibrosis and pulmonary hypertension. The latter condition is especially interesting in light of the known role that DNA damage plays in a variety of types of inherited and induced pulmonary hypertension, with free DNA detection elevated in the circulation of affected individuals. While little is known regarding the role of cytosolic DNA sensing in development of pulmonary vascular disease, exciting new research in the related fields of immunology and oncology potentially sheds light on future areas of fruitful exploration. As such, the goal of this review is to summarize the state of the field of nucleic acid sensing, extrapolating common shared pathways that parallel our knowledge of pulmonary hypertension, in a molecular and cell-specific manner. Principles of DNA sensing related to known pulmonary injury inducing stimuli are also evaluated, in addition to potential therapeutic targets. Finally, future directions in pulmonary hypertension research and treatments will be briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J. Bryant
- University of Florida College of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Ann Pham
- University of Florida College of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Himanshu Gogoi
- University of Florida College of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Carly R. Mitchell
- University of Florida College of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Faye Pais
- University of Florida College of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Lei Jin
- University of Florida College of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
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A Case of Human Thelaziasis and Review of Chinese Cases. Acta Parasitol 2020; 65:783-786. [PMID: 32144548 DOI: 10.2478/s11686-020-00190-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Human cases of thelaziasis caused by Thelazia callipaeda have increased in China in recent years. Although this species is of medical importance, our knowledge about the epidemiology of thelaziasis is still fragmentary. This study first reports a case of thelaziasis in central China. Then, the epidemiology of thelaziasis in China in the past 100 years (1917-2018) is reviewed. METHODS A 5-year-old girl experienced discomfort in her left eye. Four thread-like worms were seen in the nasal upper eyelid of the left eye. The symptoms disappeared after these parasites were removed. In addition, we reviewed studies of Chinese human thelaziasis cited in articles or book chapters in all languages from inception to 31 Dec 2019. RESULTS China is the nation with the most reports of thelaziasis (653 cases) in the world. More human cases were reported in central and eastern China than in other areas, and the majority of cases were from rural areas in poor socioeconomic settings. CONCLUSION Special attention should be paid to this neglected disease in China. The use of a One Health approach is imperative for preventing eyeworm infections in humans.
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Wei P, Xie X, Wang R, Zhang J, Li F, Luo Z, Wang Z, Wu M, Yang J, Cao P. Genetic Diversity of Blattella germanica Isolates from Central China based on Mitochondrial Genes. Curr Bioinform 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/1574893614666190204153041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Blattella germanica is a widespread urban invader insect that can spread
numerous types of human pathogens, including bacteria, fungi, and protozoa. Despite the medical
significance of B. germanica, the genetic diversity of this species has not been investigated across
its wide geographical distribution in China.
Objective:
In this study, the genetic variation of B. germanica was evaluated in central China.
Methods:
Fragments of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene and the 16S
rRNA gene were amplified in 36 B. germanica isolates from 7 regions. The sequence data for COI
and 16S rRNA genes were analyzed using bioinformatics methods.
Results:
In total, 13 haplotypes were found among the concatenated sequences. Each sampled
population, and the total population, had high haplotype diversity (Hd) that was accompanied by
low nucleotide diversity (Pi). Molecular genetic variation analysis indicated that 84.33% of the genetic
variation derived from intra-region sequences. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the B.
germanica isolates from central China should be classified as a single population. Demographic
analysis rejected the hypothesis of sudden population expansion of the B. germanica population.
Conclusion:
The 36 isolates of B. germanica sampled in this study had high genetic variation and
belonged to the same species. They should be classified as a single population. The mismatch distribution
analysis and BSP analysis did not support a demographic population expansion of the B.
germanica population, which provided useful knowledge for monitoring changes in parasite populations
for future control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Wei
- China Tobacco Gene Research Center, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - XiaoDong Xie
- China Tobacco Gene Research Center, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Ran Wang
- China Tobacco Gene Research Center, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - JianFeng Zhang
- China Tobacco Gene Research Center, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Feng Li
- China Tobacco Gene Research Center, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - ZhaoPeng Luo
- China Tobacco Gene Research Center, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Zhong Wang
- China Tobacco Gene Research Center, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - MingZhu Wu
- China Tobacco Gene Research Center, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Jun Yang
- China Tobacco Gene Research Center, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - PeiJian Cao
- China Tobacco Gene Research Center, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou 450001, China
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Chowdhury R, Gogoi M, Sarma A, Sharma A. Ocular thelaziasis: A case report from Assam, India. Trop Parasitol 2018; 8:94-97. [PMID: 30693214 PMCID: PMC6329271 DOI: 10.4103/tp.tp_49_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We report here a case of human ocular thelaziasis that was discovered accidentally during cataract surgery. A 58-year-old farmer attended an eye camp for diminished vision of the left eye, which was diagnosed later on as cataract. He was referred to a tertiary care hospital in Assam. During the cataract surgery, two small, motile, chalky white, translucent worms were removed from the left fornix. They were identified as female Thelazia callipaeda. Rare occurrence of this disease and its association with both extra and intraocular manifestations leading to ocular morbidity is the rationale for presenting this case.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runumi Chowdhury
- Department of Microbiology, Gauhati Medical College, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Mayuri Gogoi
- Department of Microbiology, Gauhati Medical College, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Anjan Sarma
- Department of Microbiology, Gauhati Medical College, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Ajanta Sharma
- Department of Microbiology, Gauhati Medical College, Guwahati, Assam, India
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Palfreyman J, Graham-Brown J, Caminade C, Gilmore P, Otranto D, Williams DJL. Predicting the distribution of Phortica variegata and potential for Thelazia callipaeda transmission in Europe and the United Kingdom. Parasit Vectors 2018; 11:272. [PMID: 29703231 PMCID: PMC5924467 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-018-2842-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Male fruitflies Phortica variegata (Drosophilidae, Steganinae) are the intermediate host of the zoonotic nematode Thelazia callipaeda (Spirurida, Thelaziidae). More than 10 years ago, when T. callipaeda was confined to remote regions of southern Italy, ecological niche models were used to predict the potential distribution of P. variegata across Europe and the likely risk of the nematode spreading through infected dogs travelling to/from endemic regions. As predicted, over the last 10 years T. callipaeda has spread rapidly across Europe. Recently, we identified the potential for its introduction to the UK through infected dogs travelling to/from endemic regions of mainland Europe. METHODS Here updated information is used to re-evaluate the model-predicted European, and specifically, UK distribution to determine the likelihood of T. callipaeda becoming established. Additionally, the UK distribution of P. variegata was further investigated through snapshot fly trapping at model-predicted locations. RESULTS Ecological niche modelling using Genetic Algorithm for Rule-set Prediction (GARP) analysis suggests a European range similar to that described previously, with some indication of potential spread further eastward. Finer scale UK mapping suggested that P. variegata presence was limited mostly to southern England, but highlighted regions where P. variegata has not been documented previously. The arbitrary fly trapping identified activity of P. variegata at two locations where the species has been found previously late in the season. No specimens were collected at model-predicted locations, although habitat suitable for the species was identified. CONCLUSIONS GARP-model prediction of P. variegata distribution suggests presence of suitable conditions in previously undocumented regions of the UK and Europe and highlight the possibility for further spread of T. callipaeda across Europe, including the UK. Further work to validate the P. variegata UK model with field data will help improve its accuracy in predicting suitable areas, whilst surveillance of sylvatic definitive host species in such locations is advised to monitor for evidence of autochthonous T. callipaeda transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - John Graham-Brown
- Infection Biology, Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Cyril Caminade
- Epidemiology and Population Health, Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- NIHR, Health Protection Research Unit in Emerging and Zoonotic Infections, Liverpool, UK
| | - Paul Gilmore
- Liverpool Veterinary Parasitology Diagnostics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Domenico Otranto
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Diana J. L. Williams
- Infection Biology, Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- Liverpool Veterinary Parasitology Diagnostics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
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Zhang X, Shi YL, Han LL, Xiong C, Yi SQ, Jiang P, Wang ZX, Shen JL, Cui J, Wang ZQ. Population structure analysis of the neglected parasite Thelazia callipaeda revealed high genetic diversity in Eastern Asia isolates. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2018; 12:e0006165. [PMID: 29324738 PMCID: PMC5783425 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0006165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Revised: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Thelazia callipaeda is the causative agent of thelaziasis in canids, felids and humans. However, the population genetic structure regarding this parasite remains unclear. Methodology/principal findings In this study, we first explored the genetic variation of 32 T. callipaeda clinical isolates using the following multi-molecular markers: cox1, cytb, 12S rDNA, ITS1 and 18S rDNA. The isolates were collected from 13 patients from 11 geographical locations in China. Next, the population structure of T. callipaeda from Europe and other Asian countries was analyzed using the cox1 sequences collected during this study and from the GenBank database. In general, the Chinese clinical isolates of T. callipaeda expressed high genetic diversity. Based on the cox1 gene, a total of 21 haplotypes were identified. One only circulated in European countries (Hap1), while the other 20 haplotypes were dispersed in Korea, Japan and China. There were five nucleotide positions in the cox1 sequences that were confirmed as invariable among individuals from Europe and Asia, but the sequences were distinct between these two regions. Population differences between Europe and Asian countries were greater than those among China, Korea and Japan. The T. callipaeda populations from Europe and Asia should be divided into two separate sub-populations. These two groups started to diverge during the middle Pleistocene. Neutrality tests, mismatch distribution and Bayesian skyline plot (BSP) analysis all rejected possible population expansion of T. callipaeda. Conclusions The Asian population of T. callipaeda has a high level of genetic diversity, but further studies should be performed to explore the biology, ecology and epidemiology of T. callipaeda. Thelazia callipaeda is the causative agent of thelaziasis canids, felids and humans. Despite the existing threat of thelaziosis in China, the genetic diversity of T. callipaeda has not been investigated across its wide geographical distribution in China, yet such information may provide insight into the disease epidemiology and the development of specific control measures. In this study, the genetic variation of 32 T. callipaeda clinical isolates collected from 13 patients from 11 geographical locations in China were explored using the following multi-molecular markers: cox1, cytb, 12S rDNA, ITS1 and 18S rDNA. In addition, the population structure of T. callipaeda from Europe and other Asian countries was analyzed using the cox1 sequences collected during this study and from the GenBank database. In general, the Chinese clinical isolates of T. callipaeda demonstrated high genetic diversity. Based on the cox1 gene, a total of 21 haplotypes were identified, one circulated in European countries (Hap1), while the other 20 haplotypes were dispersed in Korea, Japan and China. There were five nucleotide positions in the cox1 that were confirmed as invariable among individuals from Europe and Asia, but the sequences were distinct between these two regions. Population differences between Europe and Asian countries were greater than those among China, Korea and Japan, such that the T. callipaeda population from Europe and Asia should be divided into two separate sub-populations. These two groups started to diverge during the middle Pleistocene.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- China
- Cluster Analysis
- Cytochromes b/genetics
- DNA, Helminth/chemistry
- DNA, Helminth/genetics
- DNA, Ribosomal/chemistry
- DNA, Ribosomal/genetics
- DNA, Ribosomal Spacer/chemistry
- DNA, Ribosomal Spacer/genetics
- Electron Transport Complex IV/genetics
- Europe
- Asia, Eastern
- Genetic Variation
- Haplotypes
- Humans
- Phylogeny
- RNA, Ribosomal/genetics
- RNA, Ribosomal, 18S/genetics
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
- Thelazioidea/classification
- Thelazioidea/genetics
- Thelazioidea/isolation & purification
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Zhang
- Department of Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ya Li Shi
- Department of Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lu Lu Han
- Department of Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Chen Xiong
- Department of Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shi Qi Yi
- Department of Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Peng Jiang
- Department of Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zeng Xian Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Anhui Medical University, Anhui, China
| | - Ji Long Shen
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Anhui Medical University, Anhui, China
| | - Jing Cui
- Department of Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- * E-mail: (ZQW); (JC)
| | - Zhong Quan Wang
- Department of Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- * E-mail: (ZQW); (JC)
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