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Leistikow KR, May DS, Suh WS, Vargas Asensio G, Schaenzer AJ, Currie CR, Hristova KR. Bacillus subtilis-derived peptides disrupt quorum sensing and biofilm assembly in multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. mSystems 2024; 9:e0071224. [PMID: 38990088 PMCID: PMC11334493 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00712-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most clinically important pathogens in the world, with infections leading to high rates of morbidity and mortality in both humans and animals. The ability of S. aureus to form biofilms protects cells from antibiotics and promotes the transfer of antibiotic resistance genes; therefore, new strategies aimed at inhibiting biofilm growth are urgently needed. Probiotic species, including Bacillus subtilis, are gaining interest as potential therapies against S. aureus for their ability to reduce S. aureus colonization and virulence. Here, we search for strains and microbially derived compounds with strong antibiofilm activity against multidrug-resistant S. aureus by isolating and screening Bacillus strains from a variety of agricultural environments. From a total of 1,123 environmental isolates, we identify a single strain B. subtilis 6D1, with a potent ability to inhibit biofilm growth, disassemble mature biofilm, and improve antibiotic sensitivity of S. aureus biofilms through an Agr quorum sensing interference mechanism. Biochemical and molecular networking analysis of an active organic fraction revealed multiple surfactin isoforms, and an uncharacterized peptide was driving this antibiofilm activity. Compared with commercial high-performance liquid chromatography grade surfactin obtained from B. subtilis, we show these B. subtilis 6D1 peptides are significantly better at inhibiting biofilm formation in all four S. aureus Agr backgrounds and preventing S. aureus-induced cytotoxicity when applied to HT29 human intestinal cells. Our study illustrates the potential of exploring microbial strain diversity to discover novel antibiofilm agents that may help combat multidrug-resistant S. aureus infections and enhance antibiotic efficacy in clinical and veterinary settings. IMPORTANCE The formation of biofilms by multidrug-resistant bacterial pathogens, such as Staphylococcus aureus, increases these microorganisms' virulence and decreases the efficacy of common antibiotic regimens. Probiotics possess a variety of strain-specific strategies to reduce biofilm formation in competing organisms; however, the mechanisms and compounds responsible for these phenomena often go uncharacterized. In this study, we identified a mixture of small probiotic-derived peptides capable of Agr quorum sensing interference as one of the mechanisms driving antibiofilm activity against S. aureus. This collection of peptides also improved antibiotic killing and protected human gut epithelial cells from S. aureus-induced toxicity by stimulating an adaptive cytokine response. We conclude that purposeful strain screening and selection efforts can be used to identify unique probiotic strains that possess specially desired mechanisms of action. This information can be used to further improve our understanding of the ways in which probiotic and probiotic-derived compounds can be applied to prevent bacterial infections or improve bacterial sensitivity to antibiotics in clinical and agricultural settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle R. Leistikow
- Department of Biological Sciences, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Daniel S. May
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Washington College, Chestertown, Maryland, USA
| | - Won Se Suh
- Department of Biochemistry & Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Adam J. Schaenzer
- Department of Biochemistry & Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Cameron R. Currie
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Department of Biochemistry & Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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2
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Do AD, Quang HP, Phan QK. Probiotic cell-free supernatant as effective antimicrobials against Klebsiella pneumoniae and reduce antibiotic resistance development. Int Microbiol 2024:10.1007/s10123-024-00575-x. [PMID: 39117894 DOI: 10.1007/s10123-024-00575-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2024] [Revised: 08/01/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
This study evaluated the antimicrobial activity, resistance development, and synergistic potential of cell-free supernatant (CFSs) derived from Levilactobacillus brevis (Lb-CFS) and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum (Lp-CFS) against Klebsiella pneumoniae. Both CFSs exhibited potent growth inhibition, with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 128 μg/mL and 64 μg/mL for Lb-CFS and Lp-CFS, respectively, and demonstrated dose-dependent bactericidal activity, achieving complete bacterial eradication at minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBC) within 6 h. The CFSs suppressed the expression of virulence genes (galF, wzi, and manC) and biofilm formation in a dose-dependent manner. Synergistic interactions were observed when combining CFSs with antibiotics, resulting in 2- to fourfold reductions in antibiotic MICs and MBCs. Notably, adaptive evolution experiments revealed significantly slower resistance development in K. pneumoniae against CFSs (twofold MIC/MBC increase) compared to antibiotics (16- to 128-fold increase) after 21 days. Furthermore, CFS-adapted strains exhibited increased antibiotic susceptibility, while antibiotic-adapted strains displayed cross-resistance to multiple antibiotics. No cross-resistance occurred between Lb-CFS and Lp-CFS, suggesting distinct adaptive mechanisms. These findings highlight the potential of probiotic-derived CFSs as effective antimicrobials with a lower propensity for inducing rapid resistance compared to conventional antibiotics, suggesting their promise in combating multidrug-resistant infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anh Duy Do
- Department of Biotechnology, NTT Hi-Tech Institute, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam.
| | - Hoa Pham Quang
- Department of Biotechnology, NTT Hi-Tech Institute, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam
| | - Quang Khai Phan
- Department of Biotechnology, NTT Hi-Tech Institute, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam
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3
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Emiliano JVDS, Fusieger A, Camargo AC, Rodrigues FFDC, Nero LA, Perrone ÍT, Carvalho AFD. Staphylococcus aureus in Dairy Industry: Enterotoxin Production, Biofilm Formation, and Use of Lactic Acid Bacteria for Its Biocontrol. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2024. [PMID: 39021233 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2023.0170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a well-known pathogen capable of producing enterotoxins during bacterial growth in contaminated food, and the ingestion of such preformed toxins is one of the major causes of food poisoning around the world. Nowadays 33 staphylococcal enterotoxins (SEs) and SE-like toxins have been described, but nearly 95% of confirmed foodborne outbreaks are attributed to classical enterotoxins SEA, SEB, SEC, SED, and SEE. The natural habitat of S. aureus includes the skin and mucous membranes of both humans and animals, allowing the contamination of milk, its derivatives, and the processing facilities. S. aureus is well known for the ability to form biofilms in food processing environments, which contributes to its persistence and cross-contamination in food. The biocontrol of S. aureus in foods by lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and their bacteriocins has been studied for many years. Recently, LAB and their metabolites have also been explored for controlling S. aureus biofilms. LAB are used in fermented foods since in ancient times and nowadays characterized strains (or their purified bacteriocin) can be intentionally added to prolong food shelf-life and to control the growth of potentially pathogenic bacteria. Regarding the use of these microorganism and their metabolites (such as organic acids and bacteriocins) to prevent biofilm development or for biofilm removal, it is possible to conclude that a complex network behind the antagonistic activity remains poorly understood at the molecular level. The use of approaches that allow the characterization of these interactions is necessary to enhance our understanding of the mechanisms that govern the inhibitory activity of LAB against S. aureus biofilms in food processing environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Victor Dos Santos Emiliano
- InovaLeite - Laboratório de Pesquisa em Leites e Derivados, Departamento de Tecnologia de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
| | - Andressa Fusieger
- InovaLeite - Laboratório de Pesquisa em Leites e Derivados, Departamento de Tecnologia de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
| | - Anderson Carlos Camargo
- InovaLeite - Laboratório de Pesquisa em Leites e Derivados, Departamento de Tecnologia de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
- InsPOA - Laboratório de Inspeção de Produtos de Origem Animal, Departamento de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
| | - Fabíola Faria da Cruz Rodrigues
- InovaLeite - Laboratório de Pesquisa em Leites e Derivados, Departamento de Tecnologia de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
| | - Luís Augusto Nero
- InsPOA - Laboratório de Inspeção de Produtos de Origem Animal, Departamento de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
| | - Ítalo Tuler Perrone
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil
| | - Antônio Fernandes de Carvalho
- InovaLeite - Laboratório de Pesquisa em Leites e Derivados, Departamento de Tecnologia de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
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4
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Lim TW, Li KY, Burrow MF, McGrath C. Prevalence of respiratory pathogens colonizing on removable dental prostheses in healthy older adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Prosthodont 2024; 33:417-426. [PMID: 37970708 DOI: 10.1111/jopr.13802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to investigate the prevalence of opportunistic respiratory pathogens colonizing removable dental prostheses in older adults without respiratory diseases. METHODS This review was registered with PROSPERO and conducted in accordance with the principles formed by the working group of the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) to evaluate systematic reviews of prevalence data. Literature searches were conducted across five electronic databases. Quality assessments were determined according to a revised JBI critical appraisal checklist across nine criteria. Comparison between fixed- and random-effects meta-analyses were performed for sensitivity analysis. Prediction intervals were also presented when three or more studies were included in the meta-analysis. RESULTS Across the databases, 1091 articles were identified, and 591 articles remained after the removal of duplicates. Twenty "potentially effective" studies were identified. Ultimately eight studies informed this review and meta-analyses were performed for 13 known respiratory pathogens. The meta-analyses identified the top three common respiratory pathogens residing on the removable prostheses were, in descending order: Staphylococcus aureus: 31.81% (95% CI: 13.34%-48.24%); Staphylococcus epidermidis: 14.07% (95% CI: 7.88%-21.48%); Klebsiella pneumoniae: 10.50% (95% CI: 2.55%-22.30%). The heterogeneity scores for nine respiratory pathogen analyses were classified as "unimportant inconsistency", I2 = 0% (p > 0.1). For sensitivity analysis, there was no difference between the random- and fixed-effects models. CONCLUSION The existing evidence demonstrated a high burden of certain opportunistic respiratory pathogens, which may be considered a major potential cause of respiratory infections in older adults wearing removable prostheses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Wah Lim
- Division of Restorative Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, Hong Kong
| | - Kar Yan Li
- Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, Hong Kong
| | - Michael Francis Burrow
- Division of Restorative Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, Hong Kong
| | - Colman McGrath
- Division of Applied Oral Sciences and Community Dental Care, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, Hong Kong
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Xu JM, Cai GH, Li J, Yang HL, Ye JD, Sun YZ. Commensal Bacillus pumilus SE5-Derived Peptidoglycan and Lipoteichoic Acid Showed Synergistic Effects in Improving Growth, Immunity, and Intestinal Health of Grouper (Epinephelus coioides). Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2024:10.1007/s12602-024-10291-7. [PMID: 38789900 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-024-10291-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Commensal-derived peptidoglycan (PG) or lipoteichoic acid (LTA) can improve the growth, immunity, and intestinal health of fish, but it is not clear whether the two components have synergistic effects. To clarify this, grouper (Epinephelus coioides) was fed basal diet (CG) or diets containing 1.0 × 108 CFU/g heat-inactivated SE5 (HIB), PG (21.30 mg/kg), LTA (6.70 mg/kg), mixture (PL1) of PG (10.65 mg/kg) and LTA (3.35 mg/kg), and mixture (PL2) of PG (21.30 mg/kg) and LTA (6.70 mg/kg). Improved growth performance and feed utilization were observed in groups PG, LTA, PL1, and PL2, and the optimum growth performance was recorded in group PL1. Furthermore, improved serum alkaline phosphatase (AKP) activity and immunoglobulin M (IgM) and complement C3 (C3) contents were observed in all treatments, and the AKP activity in group PL1 was significantly superior to that of groups PG and LTA. Although PG and LTA alone or in combination exert comparable effects on intestinal microbiota and physical structure, obviously enhanced intestinal protease activity was observed in group PL1. The combined efficacy of PL1 could further potentiate the immune response by modulating the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 2 (NOD2) and upregulating the expression of antimicrobial peptides (epinecidin-1, hepcidin-1, and β-defensin) as well as IgM. At the same time, group PL1 could further mitigate intestinal inflammation by downregulating pro-inflammatory cytokines and upregulating anti-inflammatory cytokines. In conclusion, probiotic B. pumilus SE5-derived PG and LTA mixture (10.65 mg/kg PG and 3.35 mg/kg LTA) exhibits better potential for improving the growth performance, intestinal health, and immune function compared to another mixture (21.30 mg/kg PG and 6.70 mg/kg LTA) and PG or LTA alone in grouper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Ming Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Guo-He Cai
- The Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory for Feed Quality Testing and Safety Evaluation, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Jie Li
- The Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Hong-Ling Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory for Feed Quality Testing and Safety Evaluation, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Ji-Dan Ye
- The Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory for Feed Quality Testing and Safety Evaluation, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Yun-Zhang Sun
- The Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China.
- Xiamen Key Laboratory for Feed Quality Testing and Safety Evaluation, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China.
- Engineering Research Center of the Modern Technology for Eel Industry, Ministry of Education, Xiamen, 361021, China.
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6
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Díaz MA, Vega-Hissi EG, Blázquez MA, Alberto MR, Arena ME. Restraining Staphylococcus aureus Virulence Factors and Quorum Sensing through Lactic Acid Bacteria Supernatant Extracts. Antibiotics (Basel) 2024; 13:297. [PMID: 38666973 PMCID: PMC11047364 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13040297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
The escalating prevalence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria poses a grave threat to human health, necessitating the exploration of novel alternatives to conventional antibiotics. This study investigated the impact of extracts derived from the supernatant of four lactic acid bacteria strains on factors contributing to the pathogenicity of three Staphylococcus aureus strains. The study evaluated the influence of lactic acid bacteria supernatant extracts on the growth, biofilm biomass formation, biofilm metabolic activity, and biofilm integrity of the S. aureus strains. Additionally, the impact on virulence factors (hemolysin and coagulase) was examined. Gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry was used to identify the bioactive compounds in the extracts, while molecular docking analyses explored potential interactions. Predominantly, the extracts contain eight 2,5-diketopiperazines, which are cyclic forms of peptides. The extracts demonstrated inhibitory effects on biofilm formation, the ability to disrupt mature biofilms, and reduce the biofilm cell metabolic activity of the S. aureus strains. Furthermore, they exhibited the ability to inhibit α-hemolysin production and reduce coagulase activity. An in silico docking analysis reveals promising interactions between 2,5-diketopiperazines and key proteins (SarA and AgrA) in S. aureus, confirming their antivirulence and antibiofilm activities. These findings suggest that 2,5-diketopiperazines could serve as a promising lead compound in the fight against antibiotic-resistant S. aureus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myriam Anabel Díaz
- Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO, CONICET-UNT), Chacabuco 461, San Miguel de Tucumán CP 4000, Argentina;
| | - Esteban Gabriel Vega-Hissi
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigaciones Biológicas (IMIBIO-SL), Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, Ejército de Los Andes 950, San Luis CP 5700, Argentina;
| | - María Amparo Blázquez
- Departament de Farmacologia, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l’Alimentació, Universitat de València, Avd. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, Burjasot, 46100 Valencia, Spain
| | - María Rosa Alberto
- Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán (UNT), Ayacucho 471, San Miguel de Tucumán CP 4000, Argentina
- Instituto de Biotecnología Farmacéutica y Alimentaria (INBIOFAL, CONICET-UNT), Avenida Kirchner 1900, San Miguel de Tucumán CP 4000, Argentina
| | - Mario Eduardo Arena
- Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán (UNT), Ayacucho 471, San Miguel de Tucumán CP 4000, Argentina
- Instituto de Biotecnología Farmacéutica y Alimentaria (INBIOFAL, CONICET-UNT), Avenida Kirchner 1900, San Miguel de Tucumán CP 4000, Argentina
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Cha J, Kim TG, Bhae E, Gwak HJ, Ju Y, Choe YH, Jang IH, Jung Y, Moon S, Kim T, Lee W, Park JS, Chung YW, Yang S, Kang YK, Hyun YM, Hwang GS, Lee WJ, Rho M, Ryu JH. Skin microbe-dependent TSLP-ILC2 priming axis in early life is co-opted in allergic inflammation. Cell Host Microbe 2024; 32:244-260.e11. [PMID: 38198924 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2023.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Although early life colonization of commensal microbes contributes to long-lasting immune imprinting in host tissues, little is known regarding the pathophysiological consequences of postnatal microbial tuning of cutaneous immunity. Here, we show that postnatal exposure to specific skin commensal Staphylococcus lentus (S. lentus) promotes the extent of atopic dermatitis (AD)-like inflammation in adults through priming of group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s). Early postnatal skin is dynamically populated by discrete subset of primed ILC2s driven by microbiota-dependent induction of thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) in keratinocytes. Specifically, the indole-3-aldehyde-producing tryptophan metabolic pathway, shared across Staphylococcus species, is involved in TSLP-mediated ILC2 priming. Furthermore, we demonstrate a critical contribution of the early postnatal S. lentus-TSLP-ILC2 priming axis in facilitating AD-like inflammation that is not replicated by later microbial exposure. Thus, our findings highlight the fundamental role of time-dependent neonatal microbial-skin crosstalk in shaping the threshold of innate type 2 immunity co-opted in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimin Cha
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Tae-Gyun Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Severance Hospital, Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea; Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Euihyun Bhae
- Department of Artificial Intelligence, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Ho-Jin Gwak
- Department of Computer Science, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Yeajin Ju
- Integrated Metabolomics Research Group, Western Seoul Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Seoul 03759, Korea
| | - Young Ho Choe
- Department of Anatomy and Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - In-Hwan Jang
- National Creative Research Initiative Center for Hologenomics and School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Youngae Jung
- Integrated Metabolomics Research Group, Western Seoul Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Seoul 03759, Korea
| | - Sungmin Moon
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Taehyun Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Wuseong Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Jung Sun Park
- Development and Differentiation Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Youn Wook Chung
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Siyoung Yang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Yong-Kook Kang
- Development and Differentiation Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Young-Min Hyun
- Department of Anatomy and Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Geum-Sook Hwang
- Integrated Metabolomics Research Group, Western Seoul Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Seoul 03759, Korea; College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea
| | - Won-Jae Lee
- National Creative Research Initiative Center for Hologenomics and School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Mina Rho
- Department of Computer Science, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea; Department of Biomedical Informatics, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Ji-Hwan Ryu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea.
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Yu Q, Cai Q, Liang W, Zhong K, Liu J, Li H, Chen Y, Li H, Fang S, Zhong R, Liu S, Lin S. Design of phenothiazine-based cationic amphiphilic derivatives incorporating arginine residues: Potential membrane-active broad-spectrum antimicrobials combating pathogenic bacteria in vitro and in vivo. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 260:115733. [PMID: 37643545 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Multidrug-resistant bacteria infections pose an increasingly serious threat to human health, and the development of antimicrobials is far from meeting the clinical demand. It is urgent to discover and develop novel antibiotics to combat bacterial resistance. Currently, the development of membrane active antimicrobial agents is an attractive strategy to cope with antimicrobial resistance issues. In this study, the synthesis and biological evaluation of cationic amphiphilic phenothiazine-based derivatives were reported. Among them, the most promising compound 30 bearing a n-heptyl group and two arginine residues displayed potent bactericidal activity against both Gram-positive (MICs = 1.56 μg/mL) and Gram-negative bacteria (MICs = 3.125-6.25 μg/mL). Compound 30 showed low hemolysis activity (HC50 = 281.4 ± 1.6 μg/mL) and low cytotoxicity (CC50 > 50 μg/mL) toward mammalian cells, as well as excellent salt resistance. Compound 30 rapidly killed bacteria by acting on the bacterial cell membrane and appeared less prone to resistance. Importantly, compound 30 showed potent in vivo efficacy in a murine model of bacterial keratitis. Hence, the results suggested compound 30 has a promising prospect as a broad-spectrum antibacterial agent for the treatment of drug-resistant bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Yu
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, The NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Qiongna Cai
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, The NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Wanxin Liang
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, The NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Kewen Zhong
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, The NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Jiayong Liu
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, The NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Haizhou Li
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, The NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Yongzhi Chen
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, The NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Hongxia Li
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, The NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Shanfang Fang
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, The NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Rongcui Zhong
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, The NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Shouping Liu
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, The NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China.
| | - Shuimu Lin
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, The NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China.
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Liu J, Liu R, Deng R, Zheng S, Shen Z. Antibacterial activity and antibacterial mechanism of flavaspidic acid BB against Staphylococcus haemelyticus. BMC Microbiol 2023; 23:276. [PMID: 37773054 PMCID: PMC10540430 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-023-02997-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Staphylococcus haemolyticus (S. haemolyticus) is the main etiological factor in skin and soft tissue infections (SSTI). S. haemolyticus infections are an important concern worldwide, especially with the associated biofilms and drug resistance. Herein, we investigated the inhibitory effect of Flavaspidic acid BB obtained from plant extractions on clinical S. haemolyticus strains and their biofilms. Moreover, we predicted its ability to bind to the protein-binding site by molecular simulation. Since the combination of Hsp70 and RNase P synthase after molecular simulation with flavaspidic acid BB is relatively stable, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to investigate Hsp70 and RNase P synthase to verify the potential antimicrobial targets of flavaspidic acid BB. RESULTS The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of flavaspidic acid BB on 16 clinical strains of S. haemolyticus was 5 ~ 480 µg/mL, and BB had a slightly higher inhibitory effect on the biofilm than MUP. The inhibitory effect of flavaspidic acid BB on biofilm formation was better with an increase in the concentration of BB. Molecular simulation verified its ability to bind to the protein-binding site. The combination of ELISA kits showed that flavaspidic acid BB promoted the activity of Hsp70 and inhibited the activity of RNase P, revealing that flavaspidic acid BB could effectively inhibit the utilization and re-synthesis of protein and tRNA synthesis, thus inhibiting bacterial growth and biofilm formation to a certain extent. CONCLUSIONS This study could potentially provide a new prospect for the development of flavaspidic acid BB as an antibacterial agent for resistant strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Ruijie Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Rongrong Deng
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Shiqian Zheng
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Zhibin Shen
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Center of Topical Precise Drug Delivery System, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.
- Guangdong Cosmetics Engineering and Technology Research Center, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.
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10
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Salman MK, Abuqwider J, Mauriello G. Anti-Quorum Sensing Activity of Probiotics: The Mechanism and Role in Food and Gut Health. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11030793. [PMID: 36985366 PMCID: PMC10056907 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11030793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Quorum sensing (QS) is a cell-to-cell communication mechanism that occurs between inter- and intra-bacterial species and is regulated by signaling molecules called autoinducers (AIs). It has been suggested that probiotics can exert a QS inhibitory effect through their metabolites. Purpose: To provide an overview of (1) the anti-QS activity of probiotics and its mechanism against foodborne pathogenic and spoilage bacteria; (2) the potential role of the QS of probiotics in gut health; and (3) the impact of microencapsulation on QS. Results: Lactobacillus species have been extensively studied for their anti-QS activity and have been found to effectively disrupt QS in vitro. However, their effectiveness in a food matrix is yet to be determined as they interfere with the AI receptor or its synthesis. QS plays an important role in both the biofilm formation of probiotics and pathogenic bacteria. Moreover, in vitro and animal studies have shown that QS molecules can modulate cytokine responses and gut dysbiosis and maintain intestinal barrier function. In this scenario, microencapsulation was found to enhance AI activity. However, its impact on the anti-QS activity of probiotics and its underlying mechanism remains unclear. Conclusions: Probiotics are potential candidates to block QS activity in foodborne pathogenic and food spoilage bacteria. Microencapsulation increases QS efficacy. However, more research is still needed for the identification of the QS inhibitory metabolites from probiotics and for the elucidation of the anti-QS mechanism of probiotics (microcapsules and free cells) in food and the human gut.
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11
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Serrapeptase impairs biofilm, wall, and phospho-homeostasis of resistant and susceptible Staphylococcus aureus. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 107:1373-1389. [PMID: 36635396 PMCID: PMC9898353 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-12356-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus biofilms are implicated in hospital infections due to elevated antibiotic and host immune system resistance. Molecular components of cell wall including amyloid proteins, peptidoglycans (PGs), and lipoteichoic acid (LTA) are crucial for biofilm formation and tolerance of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). Significance of alkaline phosphatases (ALPs) for biofilm formation has been recorded. Serrapeptase (SPT), a protease of Serratia marcescens, possesses antimicrobial properties similar or superior to those of many antibiotics. In the present study, SPT anti-biofilm activity was demonstrated against S. aureus (ATCC 25923, methicillin-susceptible strain, methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA)) and MRSA (ST80), with IC50 values of 0.67 μg/mL and 7.70 μg/mL, respectively. SPT affected bacterial viability, causing a maximum inhibition of - 46% and - 27%, respectively. Decreased PGs content at [SPT] ≥ 0.5 μg/mL and ≥ 8 μg/mL was verified for MSSA and MRSA, respectively. In MSSA, LTA levels decreased significantly (up to - 40%) at lower SPT doses but increased at the highest dose of 2 μg/mL, a counter to spectacularly increased cellular and secreted LTA levels in MRSA. SPT also reduced amyloids of both strains. Additionally, intracellular ALP activity decreased in both MSSA and MRSA (up to - 85% and - 89%, respectively), while extracellular activity increased up to + 482% in MSSA and + 267% in MRSA. Altered levels of DING proteins, which are involved in phosphate metabolism, in SPT-treated bacteria, were also demonstrated here, implying impaired phosphorus homeostasis. The differential alterations in the studied molecular aspects underline the differences between MSSA and MRSA and offer new insights in the treatment of resistant bacterial biofilms. KEY POINTS: • SPT inhibits biofilm formation in methicillin-resistant and methicillin-susceptible S. aureus. • SPT treatment decreases bacterial viability, ALP activity, and cell wall composition. • SPT-treated bacteria present altered levels of phosphate-related DING proteins.
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12
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The Emerging Role of Probiotics and their Derivatives against Biofilm-Producing MRSA: A Scoping Review. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:4959487. [PMID: 36605101 PMCID: PMC9810406 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4959487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Background Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is one of the main bacterial pathogens causing chronic infections, mainly because of its capacity to produce biofilm. Biofilm production is one of the underlying strategies for antibacterial drug resistance. Accordingly, preventing and attenuating biofilm production has become an emerging approach to controlling persistent infections. Therefore, this scoping review is aimed at surveying the published literature describing the usage of probiotics and their derivatives against biofilm-producing MRSA. Methods Updated literature searches were conducted across seven electronic databases including Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library, ProQuest, Embase, and Google Scholar to identify all original published articles about probiotics against MRSA. In this regard, studies were summarized and analyzed in the present review. Results In the reviewed studies, various microorganisms and compounds were used as probiotics as follows: Lactobacillus species (8 studies), Enterococcus species (4 studies), Bacillus species (2 studies), Streptomyces species (2 studies), Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1 study), Corynebacterium accolens (1 study), and Lactococcus lactis derived Nisin (3 studies). Based on our comprehensive search, 21 studies with eligibility criteria were included in the present review including 12 studies on clinical strains, 6 studies on ATCC, 2 studies simultaneously on clinical and standard strains, and finally 1 study on food sample. Conclusions Our study showed that there was an increasing trend in the number of publications reporting probiotics against biofilm-producing MRSA. The results of this scoping review could use to guide the undertaking of the subsequent systematic reviews. In summary, probiotics with antimicrobial and antibiofilm properties can use as an embedded agent in food products or as a biopharmaceutical in the prevention and treatment of MRSA infections.
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13
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Ch'ng JH, Muthu M, Chong KKL, Wong JJ, Tan CAZ, Koh ZJS, Lopez D, Matysik A, Nair ZJ, Barkham T, Wang Y, Kline KA. Heme cross-feeding can augment Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis dual species biofilms. THE ISME JOURNAL 2022; 16:2015-2026. [PMID: 35589966 PMCID: PMC9296619 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-022-01248-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The contribution of biofilms to virulence and as a barrier to treatment is well-established for Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis, both nosocomial pathogens frequently isolated from biofilm-associated infections. Despite frequent co-isolation, their interactions in biofilms have not been well-characterized. We report that in combination, these two species can give rise to augmented biofilms biomass that is dependent on the activation of E. faecalis aerobic respiration. In E. faecalis, respiration requires both exogenous heme to activate the cydAB-encoded heme-dependent cytochrome bd, and the availability of O2. We determined that the ABC transporter encoded by cydDC contributes to heme import. In dual species biofilms, S. aureus provides the heme to activate E. faecalis respiration. S. aureus mutants deficient in heme biosynthesis were unable to augment biofilms whereas heme alone is sufficient to augment E. faecalis mono-species biofilms. Our results demonstrate that S. aureus-derived heme, likely in the form of released hemoproteins, promotes E. faecalis biofilm formation, and that E. faecalis gelatinase activity facilitates heme extraction from hemoproteins. This interspecies interaction and metabolic cross-feeding may explain the frequent co-occurrence of these microbes in biofilm-associated infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Hong Ch'ng
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore. .,Department of Surgery Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore. .,Infectious Disease Translational Research Program, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore. .,Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Mugil Muthu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kelvin K L Chong
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.,Nanyang Technological University Institute for Health Technologies, Interdisciplinary Graduate School, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jun Jie Wong
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.,Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Interdisciplinary Graduate Program, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Casandra A Z Tan
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.,Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Interdisciplinary Graduate Program, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Zachary J S Koh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Daniel Lopez
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Artur Matysik
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Zeus J Nair
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Timothy Barkham
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yulan Wang
- Singapore Phenome Center, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Nanyang, Singapore
| | - Kimberly A Kline
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore. .,School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.
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14
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Cai Z, Mo Z, Zheng S, Lan S, Xie S, Lu J, Tang C, Shen Z. Flavaspidic acid BB combined with mupirocin improves its anti-bacterial and anti-biofilm activities against Staphylococcus epidermidis. BMC Microbiol 2022; 22:179. [PMID: 35840879 PMCID: PMC9284735 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-022-02578-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The increase in drug-resistant opportunistic pathogenic bacteria, especially of antibiotic-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis (S. epidermidis), has led to difficulties in the treatment of skin and soft tissue infections (SSTI). The major reason for bacterial resistance is the formation of bacterial biofilm. Here, we report a promising combination therapy of flavaspidic acid BB (BB) and mupirocin, which can effectively eradicate the biofilm of S. epidermidis and eliminate its drug resistance. RESULT The susceptibility test showed that the combination of BB and mupirocin has good antibacterial and antibiofilm activities, and the fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI) of BB combined with mupirocin was 0.51 ± 0.00 ~ 0.75 ± 0.05, showing synergistic effect. Moreover, the time-kill curve assay results indicated that the combination of drugs can effectively inhibit the planktonic S. epidermidis. After drugs treatment, the drug-combination showed significantly inhibitory effects on the metabolic activity and total biomass in each stage of biofilm formation. The synergistic effect is likely related to the adhesion between bacteria, which is confirmed by field emission scanning electron microscope. And the expression level of aap, sarA and agrA genes were detected by real-time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR). CONCLUSION Our study provides the experimental data for the use of BB for the clinical treatment of skin infections and further demonstrate the potential of BB as a novel biofilm inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiling Cai
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zitong Mo
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shiqian Zheng
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shihua Lan
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shengjun Xie
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinghui Lu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunping Tang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhibin Shen
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Center of Topical Precise Drug Delivery System, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China.
- Guangdong Cosmetics Engineering &Technology Research Center, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China.
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15
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Xie J, Meng Z, Han X, Li S, Ma X, Chen X, Liang Y, Deng X, Xia K, Zhang Y, Zhu H, Fu T. Cholesterol Microdomain Enhances the Biofilm Eradication of Antibiotic Liposomes. Adv Healthc Mater 2022; 11:e2101745. [PMID: 35037424 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202101745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Revised: 01/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Resistance and tolerance of biofilms to antibiotics is the greatest challenge in the treatment of bacterial infections. Therefore, developing an effective strategy against biofilms is a top priority. Liposomes are widely used as antibiotic drug carriers; however, common liposomes lack affinity for biofilms. Herein, biofilm-targeted antibiotic liposomes are created by simply adjusting their cholesterol content. The tailored liposomes exhibit significantly enhanced bacterial inhibition and biofilm eradication effects that are positively correlated with the cholesterol content of liposomes. The experiments further demonstrate that this enhanced effect can be ascribed to the effective drug release through the pores, which are formed by the combination of cholesterol microdomains in liposomal lipid bilayers with membrane-damaged toxins in biofilms. Consequently, liposome encapsulation with a high cholesterol concentration improves noticeably the pharmacodynamics and biocompatibility of antibiotics after pulmonary administration. This work may provide a new direction for the development of antibiofilm formulations that can be widely used for the treatment of infections caused by bacterial biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianjun Xie
- School of Pharmacy Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Zhiping Meng
- School of Pharmacy Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Xingxing Han
- School of Pharmacy Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Sipan Li
- School of Pharmacy Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Xinai Ma
- School of Pharmacy Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Xuanyu Chen
- School of Pharmacy Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Yinmei Liang
- School of Pharmacy Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Xiaomin Deng
- School of Pharmacy Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Kexin Xia
- School of Pharmacy Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Yue Zhang
- School of Pharmacy Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Huaxu Zhu
- School of Pharmacy Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Tingming Fu
- School of Pharmacy Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Nanjing 210023 China
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16
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Zhou J, Zhao H, Yang H, He C, Shu W, Cui Z, Liu Q. Insights Into the Impact of Small RNA SprC on the Metabolism and Virulence of Staphylococcus aureus. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:746746. [PMID: 35281456 PMCID: PMC8905650 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.746746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim Our previous proteomic analysis showed that small RNA SprC (one of the small pathogenicity island RNAs) of Staphylococcus aureus possesses the ability to regulate the expression of multiple bacterial proteins. In this study, our objective was to further provide insights into the regulatory role of SprC in gene transcription and metabolism of S. aureus. Methods Gene expression profiles were obtained from S. aureus N315 wild-type and its sprC deletion mutant strains by RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq), and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened by R language with a |log2(fold change)| ≥1 and a false discovery rate (FDR) ≤ 0.05. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis were carried out to understand the significance of the DEGs. The quality of RNA-seq was further verified by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), mRNA target prediction, metabolomics analysis and transcript-level expression analysis of genes of sprC complementation strain. Results A total of 2497 transcripts were identified, of which 60 transcripts expressions in sprC knockout strain were significantly different (37 up-regulated and 23 down-regulated DEGs). GO analysis showed that the functions of these DEGs were mainly concentrated in the biological process and molecular function related to metabolism and pathogenesis, and a higher number of genes were involved in the oxidation-reduction process, catalytic activity and binding. KEGG pathways enrichment analysis demonstrated that metabolism and pathogenesis were the most affected pathways, such as metabolic pathways, biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, purine metabolism, fructose and mannose metabolism and S. aureus infection. The qRT-PCR results of the DEGs with defined functions in the sprC deletion and complementation strains were in general agreement with those obtained by RNA-seq. Metabolomics analysis revealed 77 specific pathways involving metabolic pathways. Among them, many, such as metabolic pathways, biosynthesis of secondary metabolites and purine metabolism, were consistent with those enriched in the RNA-seq analysis. Conclusion This study offered valuable and reliable information about the regulatory roles of SprC in S. aureus biology through transcriptomics and metabolomics analysis. These results may provide clues for new potential targets for anti-virulence adjuvant therapy on S. aureus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwen Zhou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Huanqiang Zhao
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- The Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-Related Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Han Yang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunyan He
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen Shu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zelin Cui
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingzhong Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Qingzhong Liu,
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17
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Lambert E, Mehdipour AR, Schmidt A, Hummer G, Perez C. Evidence for a trap-and-flip mechanism in a proton-dependent lipid transporter. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1022. [PMID: 35197476 PMCID: PMC8866510 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28361-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Transport of lipids across membranes is fundamental for diverse biological pathways in cells. Multiple ion-coupled transporters take part in lipid translocation, but their mechanisms remain largely unknown. Major facilitator superfamily (MFS) lipid transporters play central roles in cell wall synthesis, brain development and function, lipids recycling, and cell signaling. Recent structures of MFS lipid transporters revealed overlapping architectural features pointing towards a common mechanism. Here we used cysteine disulfide trapping, molecular dynamics simulations, mutagenesis analysis, and transport assays in vitro and in vivo, to investigate the mechanism of LtaA, a proton-dependent MFS lipid transporter essential for lipoteichoic acid synthesis in the pathogen Staphylococcus aureus. We reveal that LtaA displays asymmetric lateral openings with distinct functional relevance and that cycling through outward- and inward-facing conformations is essential for transport activity. We demonstrate that while the entire amphipathic central cavity of LtaA contributes to lipid binding, its hydrophilic pocket dictates substrate specificity. We propose that LtaA catalyzes lipid translocation by a ‘trap-and-flip’ mechanism that might be shared among MFS lipid transporters. LtaA catalyzes glycolipid translocation by a ‘trap-and-flip’ mechanism, pointing to a shared mechanistic model among MFS lipid transporters. Asymmetric lateral openings allow access of the entire lipid substrate to the amphipathic central cavity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alexander Schmidt
- Proteomics Core Facility, Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Gerhard Hummer
- Institute of Biophysics, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,Department of Theoretical Biophysics, Max Planck Institute of Biophysics, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Camilo Perez
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
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18
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Giordani B, Parolin C, Vitali B. Lactobacilli as Anti-biofilm Strategy in Oral Infectious Diseases: A Mini-Review. FRONTIERS IN MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY 2022; 3:769172. [PMID: 35047965 PMCID: PMC8757881 DOI: 10.3389/fmedt.2021.769172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The spread of biofilm-related diseases in developed countries has led to increased mortality rates and high health care costs. A biofilm is a community of microorganisms that is irreversibly attached to a surface, behaving very differently from planktonic cells and providing resistance to antimicrobials and immune response. Oral diseases are an excellent example of infection associated with the formation of highly pathogenic biofilms. It is generally accepted that, when the oral homeostasis is broken, the overgrowth of pathogens is facilitated. Among them, Porphyromonas gingivalis and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans are the main etiological agents of periodontitis, while Streptococcus mutans is strongly associated with the onset of dental caries. Other microorganisms, such as the fungus Candida albicans, may also be present and contribute to the severity of infections. Since the common antibiotic therapies usually fail to completely eradicate biofilm-related oral diseases, alternative approaches are highly required. In this regard, the topical administration of probiotics has recently gained interest in treating oral diseases. Thus, the present mini-review focuses on the possibility of using Lactobacillus spp. as probiotics to counteract biofilm-mediated oral infections. Many evidence highlight that Lactobacillus living cells can impede the biofilm formation and eradicate mature biofilms of different oral pathogens, by acting through different mechanisms. Even more interestingly, lactobacilli derivatives, namely postbiotics (soluble secreted products) and paraprobiotics (cell structural components) are able to trigger anti-biofilm effects too, suggesting that they can represent a novel and safer alternative to the use of viable cells in the management of biofilm-related oral diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Giordani
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Carola Parolin
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Beatrice Vitali
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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19
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Chen F, Zhang J, Ji HJ, Kim MK, Kim KW, Choi JI, Han SH, Lim S, Seo HS, Ahn KB. Deinococcus radiodurans Exopolysaccharide Inhibits Staphylococcus aureus Biofilm Formation. Front Microbiol 2022; 12:712086. [PMID: 35002990 PMCID: PMC8739996 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.712086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Deinococcus radiodurans is an extremely resistant bacterium against extracellular stress owing to on its unique physiological functions and the structure of its cellular constituents. Interestingly, it has been reported that the pattern of alteration in Deinococcus proportion on the skin is negatively correlated with skin inflammatory diseases, whereas the proportion of Staphylococcus aureus was increased in patients with chronic skin inflammatory diseases. However, the biological mechanisms of deinococcal interactions with other skin commensal bacteria have not been studied. In this study, we hypothesized that deinococcal cellular constituents play a pivotal role in preventing S. aureus colonization by inhibiting biofilm formation. To prove this, we first isolated cellular constituents, such as exopolysaccharide (DeinoPol), cell wall (DeinoWall), and cell membrane (DeinoMem), from D. radiodurans and investigated their inhibitory effects on S. aureus colonization and biofilm formation in vitro and in vivo. Among them, only DeinoPol exhibited an anti-biofilm effect without affecting bacterial growth and inhibiting staphylococcal colonization and inflammation in a mouse skin infection model. Moreover, the inhibitory effect was impaired in the Δdra0033 strain, a mutant that cannot produce DeinoPol. Remarkably, DeinoPol not only interfered with S. aureus biofilm formation at early and late stages but also disrupted a preexisting biofilm by inhibiting the production of poly-N-acetylglucosamine (PNAG), a key molecule required for S. aureus biofilm formation. Taken together, the present study suggests that DeinoPol is a key molecule in the negative regulation of S. aureus biofilm formation by D. radiodurans. Therefore, DeinoPol could be applied to prevent and/or treat infections or inflammatory diseases associated with S. aureus biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengjia Chen
- Research Division for Radiation Science, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup, South Korea.,Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Jing Zhang
- Research Division for Radiation Science, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup, South Korea
| | - Hyun Jung Ji
- Research Division for Radiation Science, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup, South Korea.,Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, School of Dentistry, Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Min-Kyu Kim
- Research Division for Radiation Science, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup, South Korea
| | - Kyoung Whun Kim
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, School of Dentistry, Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jong-Il Choi
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Seung Hyun Han
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, School of Dentistry, Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sangyong Lim
- Research Division for Radiation Science, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup, South Korea.,Department of Radiation Biotechnology and Applied Radioisotope Science, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Ho Seong Seo
- Research Division for Radiation Science, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup, South Korea.,Department of Radiation Biotechnology and Applied Radioisotope Science, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Ki Bum Ahn
- Research Division for Radiation Science, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup, South Korea
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Interplay between Candida albicans and Lactic Acid Bacteria in the Gastrointestinal Tract: Impact on Colonization Resistance, Microbial Carriage, Opportunistic Infection, and Host Immunity. Clin Microbiol Rev 2021; 34:e0032320. [PMID: 34259567 PMCID: PMC8404691 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00323-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging studies have highlighted the disproportionate role of Candida albicans in influencing both early community assembly of the bacterial microbiome and dysbiosis during allergic diseases and intestinal inflammation. Nonpathogenic colonization of the human gastrointestinal (GI) tract by C. albicans is common, and the role of this single fungal species in modulating bacterial community reassembly after broad-spectrum antibiotics can be readily recapitulated in mouse studies. One of the most notable features of C. albicans-associated dysbiotic states is a marked change in the levels of lactic acid bacteria (LAB). C. albicans and LAB share metabolic niches throughout the GI tract, and in vitro studies have identified various interactions between these microbes. The two predominant LAB affected are Lactobacillus species and Enterococcus species. Lactobacilli can antagonize enterococci and C. albicans, while Enterococcus faecalis and C. albicans have been reported to exhibit a mutualistic relationship. E. faecalis and C. albicans are also causative agents of a variety of life-threatening infections, are frequently isolated together from mixed-species infections, and share certain similarities in clinical presentation-most notably their emergence as opportunistic pathogens following disruption of the microbiota. In this review, we discuss and model the mechanisms used by Lactobacillus species, E. faecalis, and C. albicans to modulate each other's growth and virulence in the GI tract. With multidrug-resistant E. faecalis and C. albicans strains becoming increasingly common in hospital settings, examining the interplay between these three microbes may provide novel insights for enhancing the efficacy of existing antimicrobial therapies.
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Lee D, Im J, Park DH, Jeong S, Park M, Yoon S, Park J, Han SH. Lactobacillus plantarum Lipoteichoic Acids Possess Strain-Specific Regulatory Effects on the Biofilm Formation of Dental Pathogenic Bacteria. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:758161. [PMID: 34867884 PMCID: PMC8636137 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.758161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial biofilm residing in the oral cavity is closely related to the initiation and persistence of various dental diseases. Previously, we reported the anti-biofilm activity of Lactobacillus plantarum lipoteichoic acid (Lp.LTA) on a representative dental cariogenic pathogen, Streptococcus mutans. Since LTA structure varies in a bacterial strain-specific manner, LTAs from various L. plantarum strains may have differential anti-biofilm activity due to their distinct molecular structures. In the present study, we isolated Lp.LTAs from four different strains of L. plantarum (LRCC 5193, 5194, 5195, and 5310) and compared their anti-biofilm effects on the dental pathogens, including S. mutans, Enterococcus faecalis, and Streptococcus gordonii. All Lp.LTAs similarly inhibited E. faecalis biofilm formation in a dose-dependent manner. However, their effects on S. gordonii and S. mutans biofilm formation were different: LRCC 5310 Lp.LTA most effectively suppressed the biofilm formation of all strains of dental pathogens, while Lp.LTAs from LRCC 5193 and 5194 hardly inhibited or even enhanced the biofilm formation. Furthermore, LRCC 5310 Lp.LTA dramatically reduced the biofilm formation of the dental pathogens on the human dentin slice infection model. Collectively, these results suggest that Lp.LTAs have strain-specific regulatory effects on biofilm formation of dental pathogens and LRCC 5310 Lp.LTA can be used as an effective anti-biofilm agent for the prevention of dental infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongwook Lee
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, and DRI, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jintaek Im
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, and DRI, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dong Hyun Park
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, and DRI, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sungho Jeong
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, and DRI, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Miri Park
- Bio Research Team, Lotte R&D Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seokmin Yoon
- Bio Research Team, Lotte R&D Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jaewoong Park
- Bio Research Team, Lotte R&D Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seung Hyun Han
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, and DRI, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
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22
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Inhibitory Effect of Lipoteichoic Acid Derived from Three Lactobacilli on Flagellin-Induced IL-8 Production in Porcine Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2021; 13:72-79. [PMID: 32607729 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-020-09682-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Probiotics in livestock feed supplements are considered to be an alternative to antibiotics. However, effector molecules responsible for the beneficial roles of probiotics in pigs are in general not well known. Thus, this study demonstrated that a well-known virulence factor, flagellin of Salmonella typhimurium, significantly induced IL-8 production in porcine peripheral blood mononuclear cells, whereas lipoteichoic acid (LTA), a major cell wall component of Gram-positive bacteria Lactobacillus plantarum, L. casei, and L. rhamnosus GG, effectively inhibited flagellin-induced IL-8 production at mRNA and protein levels. However, the lipoproteins of L. plantarum, L. casei, and L. rhamnosus GG did not suppress flagellin-induced IL-8 production. While D-alanine-deficient L. plantarum LTA inhibited flagellin-induced IL-8 production, L. plantarum LTA deficient in both D-alanine and acyl chains failed to inhibit it; this suggests that the acyl moieties of L. plantarum LTA are essential for inhibiting flagellin-induced IL-8 production. Taken together, L. plantarum LTA plays an important role in improving anti-inflammatory responses of porcine peripheral blood mononuclear cells.
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Gram Positive Bacterial Lipoteichoic Acid Role in a Root Canal Infection – A Literature Review. JOURNAL OF PURE AND APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.22207/jpam.15.2.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteria and its by-products are found to be the main cause of pulpal and periapical infection of tooth. Infected root canals of tooth harbours a wide variation of microbial flora that includes both Gram-positive and Gram-negative microorganisms. Bacterial components such as Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of gram negative bacteria and Lipoteichoic Acid (LTA) of gram positive bacteria have the potential to enter the peri-apical tissue of tooth and initiate the inflammatory process. After microbial death that occurs either due to body’s defence cells or by antibiotic action, bacterial cell wall components such as LTA are released which can persist inside macrophages for prolonged periods causing chronic inflammation. Once these cell-wall components are recognized by the body immune surveillance cells, numerous inflammatory mediators are released leading to inflammation and subsequent pathological consequences. The purpose of this review is intend to summarize the role of gram positive bacterial component LTA in causing endodontic infection and use of potential therapeutic agents against LTA.
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Park OJ, Kwon Y, Park C, So YJ, Park TH, Jeong S, Im J, Yun CH, Han SH. Streptococcus gordonii: Pathogenesis and Host Response to Its Cell Wall Components. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8121852. [PMID: 33255499 PMCID: PMC7761167 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8121852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus gordonii, a Gram-positive bacterium, is a commensal bacterium that is commonly found in the skin, oral cavity, and intestine. It is also known as an opportunistic pathogen that can cause local or systemic diseases, such as apical periodontitis and infective endocarditis. S. gordonii, an early colonizer, easily attaches to host tissues, including tooth surfaces and heart valves, forming biofilms. S. gordonii penetrates into root canals and blood streams, subsequently interacting with various host immune and non-immune cells. The cell wall components of S. gordonii, which include lipoteichoic acids, lipoproteins, serine-rich repeat adhesins, peptidoglycans, and cell wall proteins, are recognizable by individual host receptors. They are involved in virulence and immunoregulatory processes causing host inflammatory responses. Therefore, S.gordonii cell wall components act as virulence factors that often progressively develop diseases through overwhelming host responses. This review provides an overview of S. gordonii, and how its cell wall components could contribute to the pathogenesis and development of therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ok-Jin Park
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, School of Dentistry, Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (O.-J.P.); (Y.K.); (C.P.); (Y.J.S.); (T.H.P.); (S.J.); (J.I.)
| | - Yeongkag Kwon
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, School of Dentistry, Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (O.-J.P.); (Y.K.); (C.P.); (Y.J.S.); (T.H.P.); (S.J.); (J.I.)
| | - Chaeyeon Park
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, School of Dentistry, Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (O.-J.P.); (Y.K.); (C.P.); (Y.J.S.); (T.H.P.); (S.J.); (J.I.)
| | - Yoon Ju So
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, School of Dentistry, Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (O.-J.P.); (Y.K.); (C.P.); (Y.J.S.); (T.H.P.); (S.J.); (J.I.)
| | - Tae Hwan Park
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, School of Dentistry, Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (O.-J.P.); (Y.K.); (C.P.); (Y.J.S.); (T.H.P.); (S.J.); (J.I.)
| | - Sungho Jeong
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, School of Dentistry, Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (O.-J.P.); (Y.K.); (C.P.); (Y.J.S.); (T.H.P.); (S.J.); (J.I.)
| | - Jintaek Im
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, School of Dentistry, Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (O.-J.P.); (Y.K.); (C.P.); (Y.J.S.); (T.H.P.); (S.J.); (J.I.)
| | - Cheol-Heui Yun
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea;
- Institute of Green Bio Science Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang 25354, Korea
| | - Seung Hyun Han
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, School of Dentistry, Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (O.-J.P.); (Y.K.); (C.P.); (Y.J.S.); (T.H.P.); (S.J.); (J.I.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-880-2310
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Park OJ, Jung S, Park T, Kim AR, Lee D, Jung Ji H, Seong Seo H, Yun CH, Hyun Han S. Enhanced biofilm formation of Streptococcus gordonii with lipoprotein deficiency. Mol Oral Microbiol 2020; 35:271-278. [PMID: 33063478 DOI: 10.1111/omi.12319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Streptococcus gordonii is a commensal Gram-positive bacterium that acts as an opportunistic pathogen that can cause apical periodontitis, endocarditis, and pneumonia. Biofilm formation of bacteria is important for the initiation and progression of such diseases. Although lipoproteins play key roles in physiological functions, the role of lipoproteins of S. gordonii in its biofilm formation has not been clearly understood. In this study, we investigated the role of lipoproteins of S. gordonii in the bacterial biofilm formation using its lipoprotein-deficient strain (Δlgt). The S. gordonii Δlgt exhibited increased biofilm formation on the human dentin slices or on the polystyrene surfaces compared to the wild-type strain, while its growth rate did not differ from that of the wild-type. In addition, the S. gordonii Δlgt strain exhibited the enhanced LuxS mRNA expression and AI-2 production, which is known to be a positive regulator of biofilm formation, compared to the wild-type. Concordantly, the augmented biofilm formation of S. gordonii Δlgt was attenuated by an AI-2 inhibitor, D-ribose. In addition, lipoproteins from purified S. gordonii inhibited the biofilm formation of S. gordonii wild-type and Δlgt. Taken together, these results suggest that lipoprotein-deficient S. gordonii form biofilms more effectively than the wild-type strain, which might be related to the AI-2 quorum-sensing system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ok-Jin Park
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, DRI, and BK21 Plus Program, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Solmin Jung
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, DRI, and BK21 Plus Program, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Taehwan Park
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, DRI, and BK21 Plus Program, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - A Reum Kim
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, DRI, and BK21 Plus Program, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongwook Lee
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, DRI, and BK21 Plus Program, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jung Ji
- Research Division for Biotechnology, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Seong Seo
- Research Division for Biotechnology, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol-Heui Yun
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Institute of Green Bio Science Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Hyun Han
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, DRI, and BK21 Plus Program, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Nataraj BH, Ali SA, Behare PV, Yadav H. Postbiotics-parabiotics: the new horizons in microbial biotherapy and functional foods. Microb Cell Fact 2020; 19:168. [PMID: 32819443 PMCID: PMC7441679 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-020-01426-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 226] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Probiotics have several health benefits by modulating gut microbiome; however, techno-functional limitations such as viability controls have hampered their full potential applications in the food and pharmaceutical sectors. Therefore, the focus is gradually shifting from viable probiotic bacteria towards non-viable paraprobiotics and/or probiotics derived biomolecules, so-called postbiotics. Paraprobiotics and postbiotics are the emerging concepts in the functional foods field because they impart an array of health-promoting properties. Although, these terms are not well defined, however, for time being these terms have been defined as here. The postbiotics are the complex mixture of metabolic products secreted by probiotics in cell-free supernatants such as enzymes, secreted proteins, short chain fatty acids, vitamins, secreted biosurfactants, amino acids, peptides, organic acids, etc. While, the paraprobiotics are the inactivated microbial cells of probiotics (intact or ruptured containing cell components such as peptidoglycans, teichoic acids, surface proteins, etc.) or crude cell extracts (i.e. with complex chemical composition)". However, in many instances postbiotics have been used for whole category of postbiotics and parabiotics. These elicit several advantages over probiotics like; (i) availability in their pure form, (ii) ease in production and storage, (iii) availability of production process for industrial-scale-up, (iv) specific mechanism of action, (v) better accessibility of Microbes Associated Molecular Pattern (MAMP) during recognition and interaction with Pattern Recognition Receptors (PRR) and (vi) more likely to trigger only the targeted responses by specific ligand-receptor interactions. The current review comprehensively summarizes and discussed various methodologies implied to extract, purify, and identification of paraprobiotic and postbiotic compounds and their potential health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basavaprabhu H Nataraj
- Technofunctional Starters Lab, National Collection of Dairy Cultures (NCDC), Dairy Microbiology Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, 132001, India
| | - Syed Azmal Ali
- Proteomics and Cell Biology Lab, Animal Biotechnology Center, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, 132001, India
| | - Pradip V Behare
- Technofunctional Starters Lab, National Collection of Dairy Cultures (NCDC), Dairy Microbiology Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, 132001, India.
| | - Hariom Yadav
- Department of Internal Medicine-Molecular Medicine and Microbiology and Immunology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Biotech Place, Room 2E-034, 575 North Patterson Ave, Winston-Salem, NC, 27101, USA.
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Liu G, Pang B, Li N, Jin H, Li J, Wu W, Ai C, Jiang C, Shi J. Therapeutic effect of Lactobacillus rhamnosus SHA113 on intestinal infection by multi-drug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and its underlying mechanisms. Food Funct 2020; 11:6226-6239. [PMID: 32589178 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo00969e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus, especially multi-drug-resistant (MDR) pathogenic S. aureus, poses a severe threat to food safety and human health. Probiotics offer promising potential for the control of MDR pathogens because of their safe and biofunctional properties. This study shows that Lactobacillus rhamnosus SHA113, a strain isolated from the milk of healthy women, could efficiently inhibit MDR S. aureus both in vitro and in vivo. In vitro, L. rhamnosus efficiently inhibited and even killed drug resistant and drug sensitive S. aureus strains. In vivo experiments showed that SHA113 could efficiently decrease the number of S. aureus cells, inhibit the expression of inflammatory factors TNF-α and IL-6, and restore the level of white cells and neutrophils in the blood. SHA113 could also efficiently repair damage of the intestinal barrier and other functions impaired by S. aureus infection. This was indicated by a change of intestinal villi length and structure, and an up-regulated expression of tight junction proteins ZO-1 and occludin. SHA113 also restored the structural damage of immune organs, such as the enlargement of the spleen and the increased level of inflammatory cytokines caused by S. aureus infection. More importantly, L. rhamnosus SHA113 showed more effective inhibitory and therapeutic effects on MDR S. aureus strain ZBQ006 than on drug sensitive S. aureus strain 29213. These results illustrated that L. rhamnosus SHA113 has great potential for the treatment of MDR S. aureus contamination as food control and for therapeutic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanwen Liu
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 Youyi West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710072, China.
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28
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Leroy S, Lebert I, Andant C, Talon R. Interaction in dual species biofilms between Staphylococcus xylosus and Staphylococcus aureus. Int J Food Microbiol 2020; 326:108653. [PMID: 32449679 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2020.108653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Staphylococcus xylosus, a coagulase-negative Staphylococcus, is frequently isolated from food products of animal origin and used as a starter culture in these products in which it contributes to their flavour, while Staphylococcus aureus, a coagulase-positive bacterium, causes foodborne intoxication and is implicated in a broad diversity of infections in medical sector, notably in nosocomial infections. S. xylosus and S. aureus are both capable of forming a biofilm and share the same ecological niches, thus we explored their interaction in biofilms with a view to limiting the risks associated with S. aureus. Cell-free supernatants of different strains of S. xylosus were able to inhibit the biofilm formation of S. aureus. The S. xylosus C2a strain released into the supernatant a molecule of molecular weight above 30 kDa that is resistant to proteolytic enzymes and inhibits the formation of S. aureus MW2 biofilm, though the mechanism involved has yet to be elucidated. Furthermore, S. xylosus C2a modified the architecture of S. aureus MW2 in co-culture biofilm. Confocal laser scanning microscopy revealed that S. aureus formed a biofilm with a flat and compact structure while in co-culture with S. xylosus the two species formed large juxtaposed aggregates throughout the period of incubation. This architecture made the S. aureus biofilm more susceptible to detachment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Leroy
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, MEDIS, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - Isabelle Lebert
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, MEDIS, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Carine Andant
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, MEDIS, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Régine Talon
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, MEDIS, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
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Rana S, Bhawal S, Kumari A, Kapila S, Kapila R. pH-dependent inhibition of AHL-mediated quorum sensing by cell-free supernatant of lactic acid bacteria in Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1. Microb Pathog 2020; 142:104105. [PMID: 32114155 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Antibiotic mediated therapies target the growth-related processes of the pathogen hence imparting a strong selection pressure on the pathogen to develop antibiotic resistance. Recently anti-virulence strategies have gained lots of attention amongst the scientific community, wherein instead of inhibiting the normal growth of pathogens, it interferes with the regulation of virulence factors of the pathogens and impede their pathogenesis. In Pseudomonas aeruginosa, the virulence mechanism accountable for various types of infections in humans depends on N-acyl homoserine lactone (AHL) mediated quorum sensing. So quenching of these molecules, pose as a promising tool against P. aeruginosa pathogenesis. Lactic acid bacteria cell-free supernatant (acidic and neutralized) were evaluated in quorum quenching of P. aeruginosa PAO1 (MTCC 3541) after their initial screening for anti-biofilm potential against this pathogen.Though the reduction in biofilm formation with acidic and neutralized supernatants of lactic acid bacteria revealed strain specific response but acidic fractions showed much stronger (P ≤ 0.05) inhibition of biofilm irrespective of the type of challenge given to P. aeruginosa with lactic acid bacteria. The acidic fraction of supernatants (L. lactis, L. rhamnosus and L. fermentum) not only showed a significant reduction (P ≤ 0.05) in auto-inducer AHL levels but also diminished elastase activity which was among important virulence characters directly controlled by the quorum sensing signaling. Moreover, significant decrease (P ≤ 0.05) in mRNA expression of lasI and rhlI in presence of acidic fractions of lactic acid bacterial supernatants further confirmed the quorum quenching process in P. aeruginosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shikha Rana
- Animal Biochemistry Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal-132001, Haryana, India
| | - Shalaka Bhawal
- Animal Biochemistry Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal-132001, Haryana, India
| | - Ankita Kumari
- Animal Biochemistry Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal-132001, Haryana, India
| | - Suman Kapila
- Animal Biochemistry Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal-132001, Haryana, India
| | - Rajeev Kapila
- Animal Biochemistry Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal-132001, Haryana, India.
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Lactobacillus plantarum lipoteichoic acid disrupts mature Enterococcus faecalis biofilm. J Microbiol 2020; 58:314-319. [DOI: 10.1007/s12275-020-9518-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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31
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Lin H, Liu X, Shen Z, Cheng W, Zeng Z, Chen Y, Tang C, Jiang T. The effect of isoflavaspidic acid PB extracted from Dryopteris fragrans (L.) Schott on planktonic and biofilm growth of dermatophytes and the possible mechanism of antibiofilm. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 241:111956. [PMID: 31129309 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.111956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Dryopteris fragrans (L.) Schott (D. fragrans), a deciduous perennial herb, has been traditionally used for treatment of various skin diseases in Heilongjiang province of China for many years. Phloroglucinol derivatives extracted from D. fragrans were the most effective fraction against dermatophytes. Isoflavaspidic acid PB is a typically phloroglucinol derivative which extracted from D. fragrans and has been reported to exert anti-fungal activities against several dermatophytes. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aimed to evaluate anti-fungal and anti-biofilm activity of isoflavaspidic acid PB on planktonic and biofilm growth of dermatophytes and explore possible mechanisms of anti-biofilm. MATERIALS AND METHODS Minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) and minimal fungicidal concentrations (MFC) of isoflavaspidic acid PB against 25 isolates of dermatophytes were determined by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) M38-A2 method. The effects of isoflavaspidic acid PB on dermatophytes biofilm formation and pre-formed biofilm were assessed by 2.3-bis (2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-5-[carbonyl (phenylamino)]-2H-tetrazolium hydroxide (XTT) assay. Morphology of mature biofilm were observed by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Biomass, exopolysaccharide and ergosterol content of mature biofilm were analyzed by gravimetric analysis, anthranone sulfuric acid method and Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography (UPLC) assay respectively. RESULT The MIC and MFC ranges of isoflavaspidic acid PB against 25 isolates of dermatophytes were 20-80 μg/mL and 40-80 μg/mL respectively. Isoflavaspidic acid PB (2 MIC) inhibited not only Trichophyton biofilm formation (54.8% ∼ 81.2%) but also the metabolic activity of mature biofilm (20.7% ∼ 44.2%). The result of SEM showed that isoflavaspidic acid PB (8 MIC) could destroy the morphology of hyphae seriously. Comparing with control group, biomass, exopolysaccharide and ergosterol content of the mature biofilm under isoflavaspidic acid PB (8 MIC) were significantly decreased (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION Isoflavaspidic acid PB had anti-fungal and fungicidal activities against dermatophytes. Isoflavaspidic acid PB could inhibit the biofilm of Trichophyton. The mechanism might be related to the decline of the biofilm biomass, exopolysaccharide and ergosterol content. These results showed that isoflavaspidic acid PB could be explored for promising anti-biofilm drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoqi Lin
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Xueping Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhibin Shen
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Wanqiu Cheng
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhijun Zeng
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Yanfen Chen
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Chunping Tang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering Center of Topical Precise Drug Delivery System, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China.
| | - Tao Jiang
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Center of Topical Precise Drug Delivery System, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China; Laboratory Animal Center, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China.
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Marziali G, Foschi C, Parolin C, Vitali B, Marangoni A. In-vitro effect of vaginal lactobacilli against group B Streptococcus. Microb Pathog 2019; 136:103692. [PMID: 31445119 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2019.103692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Streptococcus agalactiae(GBS) is a leading cause of infection during pregnancy, preterm birth and neonatal infection, with a significant clinical and socio-economic impact. To prevent maternal GBS vaginal colonization, new antibiotic-free approaches, based on lactobacilli probiotics, are advisable. The aim of this study was to assess the anti-GBS activity of 14 vaginal Lactobacillus strains, belonging to different species (L. crispatus, L. gasseri, L. vaginalis), isolated from healthy pre-menopausal women. In particular, we performed 'inhibition' experiments, evaluating the ability of both Lactobacillus cells and culture supernatants in reducing Streptococcus viability, after 60 min contact time. First, we demonstrated that the acidic milieu, produced by vaginal lactobacilli metabolism, is crucial in counteracting GBS growth in a pH-dependent manner. Experiments with organic/inorganic acid solutions confirmed the strict correlation between pH levels and the anti-GBS activity. GBS was more sensitive to lactic acid than to hydrochloric acid, indicating that the presence of H+ ions is necessary but not sufficient for the inhibitory activity. Moreover, experiments with Lactobacillus pH-adjusted supernatants led to exclude a direct role in the anti-GBS activity by other bioactive molecules. Second, we found that only a few Lactobacillus strains were able to reduce Streptococcus viability by means of cell pellets. The anti-GBS effect displayed by Lactobacillus cells was related to the their ability to interact and aggregate with Streptococcus cells. We found that the anti-GBS activity was retained after methanol/proteinase K treatment, but lost after lysozyme exposure of Lactobacillus cells. Therefore, we supposed that non-proteinaceous components of Lactobacillus cell wall could be responsible for the anti-GBS activity. In conclusion, we identified specific Lactobacillus strains able to interfere with GBS viability by multiple strategies and we elucidated some of the mechanisms of action. These strains could serve as probiotic formulations for the prevention of GBS vaginal colonization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Marziali
- Microbiology, DIMES, University of Bologna, Via Massarenti 9, Bologna, Italy
| | - Claudio Foschi
- Microbiology, DIMES, University of Bologna, Via Massarenti 9, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Carola Parolin
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Via San Donato 19/2, Bologna, Italy
| | - Beatrice Vitali
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Via San Donato 19/2, Bologna, Italy
| | - Antonella Marangoni
- Microbiology, DIMES, University of Bologna, Via Massarenti 9, Bologna, Italy
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Verbrugghe E, Martel A, Pasmans F. Reference Gene Validation for Quantitative Real-time PCR Studies in Amphibian Kidney-derived A6 Epithelial Cells. Altern Lab Anim 2019; 47:63-70. [PMID: 31333044 DOI: 10.1177/0261192919862936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction is a widely used technique that relies on reference genes for the normalisation of gene expression. These reference genes are constitutively expressed and must remain stable across all samples and treatments. Stability of housekeeping genes may vary and must be optimised for a specific tissue, sample or cell line. Here we present a study screening for possible reference gene candidates, eef1a1, rpl8, sub1.L, clta, H4 and odc1, in the Xenopus laevis (A6) kidney cell line. Quantification cycle results were analysed using geNorm to calculate the average expression stability and the coefficient of variation (CV) for each candidate reference gene. All of the tested genes met the guidelines for stable reference genes, namely an average expression stability of < 0.5 and a CV value of < 0.2, with eef1a1 > sub1.L > rpl8 > clta > odc1 > H4. By using pairwise variation analysis, the optimal number of reference targets was determined to be 2. As such, we report that the reference genes eef1a1 and sub1.L should be used to achieve optimal normalisation in A6 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elin Verbrugghe
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - An Martel
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Frank Pasmans
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
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Kim AR, Ahn KB, Yun CH, Park OJ, Perinpanayagam H, Yoo YJ, Kum KY, Han SH. Lactobacillus plantarum Lipoteichoic Acid Inhibits Oral Multispecies Biofilm. J Endod 2019; 45:310-315. [PMID: 30803538 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2018.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Apical periodontitis is an inflammatory disease in the periradicular region of teeth that results from infection by multispecies bacterial biofilm residing in the root canal system. In this study, we investigated whether Lactobacillus plantarum lipoteichoic acid (Lp.LTA) could inhibit multispecies oral pathogenic bacterial biofilm formation. METHODS Highly pure and structurally intact Lp.LTA was purified from L. plantarum. Actinomyces naeslundii, Lactobacillus salivarius, Streptococcus mutans, and Enterococcus faecalis were co-cultured to form oral multispecies biofilm in the presence or absence of Lp.LTA on culture plates or human dentin slices. Preformed biofilm was treated with or without Lp.LTA, followed by additional treatment with intracanal medicaments such as calcium hydroxide or chlorhexidine digluconate. Confocal microscopy and crystal violet assay were performed to determine biofilm formation. Biofilm on human dentin slices was visualized with a scanning electron microscope. RESULTS Biofilm formation of multispecies bacteria on the culture dishes was dose-dependently reduced by Lp.LTA compared with the nontreatment control group. Lp.LTA also inhibited multispecies biofilm formation on the dentin slices in a dose-dependent manner. Interestingly, Lp.LTA was shown to reduce preformed multispecies biofilm compared with the nontreatment group. Moreover, Lp.LTA potentiated the effectiveness of the intracanal medicaments in the removal of preformed multispecies biofilm. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that Lp.LTA is a potential anti-biofilm agent for treatment or prevention of oral infectious disease, including apical periodontitis, which is mainly caused by multispecies bacterial biofilm.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Reum Kim
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, DRI, and BK21 Plus Program, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Bum Ahn
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, DRI, and BK21 Plus Program, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; Research Division for Biotechnology, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup 56212, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol-Heui Yun
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Ok-Jin Park
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, DRI, and BK21 Plus Program, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hiran Perinpanayagam
- Division of Restorative Dentistry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
| | - Yeon-Jee Yoo
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Kee-Yeon Kum
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seung Hyun Han
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, DRI, and BK21 Plus Program, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
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Teufelberger AR, Bröker BM, Krysko DV, Bachert C, Krysko O. Staphylococcus aureus Orchestrates Type 2 Airway Diseases. Trends Mol Med 2019; 25:696-707. [PMID: 31176612 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2019.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus persistently colonizes the nostrils of one-third of the population but colonizes the sinus mucosa in up to 90% of patients with nasal polyps, implying a possible role in airway disease. Recent findings give new mechanistic insights into the ability of S. aureus to trigger type 2 inflammatory responses in the upper and lower airways. This novel concept of a S. aureus-driven chronic airway inflammatory disease suggests a new understanding of disease triggers. This article reviews the role of S. aureus in chronic inflammatory airway diseases and discusses possible therapeutic approaches to target S. aureus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea R Teufelberger
- Upper Airways Research Laboratory, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Barbara M Bröker
- Department of Immunology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Dmitri V Krysko
- Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhni Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; Cell Death Investigation and Therapy Laboratory, Department of Human Structure and Repair, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Cancer Research Institute Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Claus Bachert
- Upper Airways Research Laboratory, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Division of ENT Diseases, CLINTEC, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Olga Krysko
- Upper Airways Research Laboratory, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
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Yang N, Teng D, Mao R, Hao Y, Wang X, Wang Z, Wang X, Wang J. A recombinant fungal defensin-like peptide-P2 combats multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and biofilms. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 103:5193-5213. [PMID: 31025073 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-09785-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
There is an urgent need to discover new active drugs to combat methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, which is a serious threat to humans and animals and incompletely eliminated by antibiotics due to its intracellular accumulation in host cells, production of biofilms, and persisters. Fungal defensin-like peptides (DLPs) are emerging as a potential source of new antibacterial drugs due to their potent antibacterial activity. In this study, nine novel fungal DLPs were firstly identified by querying against UniProt databases and expressed in Pichia pastoris, and their antibacterial and anti-biofilm ability were tested against multidrug-resistant (MDR) S. aureus. Results showed that among them, P2, the highest activity and expression level, showed low toxicity, no resistance, and high stability. Minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of P2 against Gram-positive bacteria were < 2 μg/mL. P2 exhibited the potent activity against intracellular MDR S. aureus (bacterial reduction in 80-97%) in RAW264.7 macrophages. P2 bound to/disrupted bacterial DNA, wrinkled outer membranes and permeabilized cytoplasmic membranes, but maintained the integrity of bacterial cells. P2 inhibited/eradicated the biofilm and killed 99% persister bacteria, which were resistant to 100× MIC vancomycin. P2 upregulated the anti-inflammatory cytokine (IL-10) and downregulated pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α/IL-1β) and chemokine (MCP-1) levels in RAW 264.7 macrophages and in mice, respectively. Five milligram per kilogram P2 enhanced the survival of S. aureus-infected mice (100%), superior to vancomycin (30 mg/kg), inhibited the bacterial translocation, and alleviated multiple-organ injuries (liver, spleen, kidney, and lung). These data suggest that P2 may be a candidate for novel antimicrobial agents against MDR staphylococcal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Yang
- Team of Alternatives to Antibiotics, Gene Engineering Laboratory, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Da Teng
- Team of Alternatives to Antibiotics, Gene Engineering Laboratory, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruoyu Mao
- Team of Alternatives to Antibiotics, Gene Engineering Laboratory, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya Hao
- Team of Alternatives to Antibiotics, Gene Engineering Laboratory, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Team of Alternatives to Antibiotics, Gene Engineering Laboratory, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenlong Wang
- Team of Alternatives to Antibiotics, Gene Engineering Laboratory, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiumin Wang
- Team of Alternatives to Antibiotics, Gene Engineering Laboratory, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jianhua Wang
- Team of Alternatives to Antibiotics, Gene Engineering Laboratory, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China.
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Shang F, Li L, Yu L, Ni J, Chen X, Xue T. Effects of stigmata maydis on the methicillin resistant Staphylococus aureusbiofilm formation. PeerJ 2019; 7:e6461. [PMID: 30828488 PMCID: PMC6396744 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.6461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Mastitis is an inflammatory reaction of the mammary gland tissue, which causes huge losses to dairy farms throughout the world. Staphylococcus aureus is the most frequent agent associated with this disease. Staphylococcus aureus isolates, which have the ability to form biofilms, usually lead to chronic mastitis in dairy cows. Moreover, methicillin resistance of the bacteria further complicates the treatment of this disease. Stigmata maydis (corn silk), a traditional Chinese medicine, possess many biological activities. Methods In this study, we performed antibacterial activity assays, biofilm formation assays and real-time reverse transcription PCR experiments to investigate the effect of stigmata maydis (corn silk) on biofilm formation and vancomycin susceptibility of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains isolated from dairy cows with mastitis. Results In this study, the aqueous extracts of stigmata maydis inhibited the biofilm formation ability of MRSA strains and increased the vancomycin susceptibility of the strains under biofilm-cultured conditions. Conclusion This study proves that the aqueous extracts of stigmata maydis inhibit the biofilm formation ability of MRSA strains and increase the vancomycin susceptibility of the MRSA strains under biofilm-cultured conditions.
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Yoo YJ, Perinpanayagam H, Oh S, Kim AR, Han SH, Kum KY. Endodontic biofilms: contemporary and future treatment options. Restor Dent Endod 2019; 44:e7. [PMID: 30834229 PMCID: PMC6387897 DOI: 10.5395/rde.2019.44.e7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Apical periodontitis is a biofilm-mediated infection. The biofilm protects bacteria from host defenses and increase their resistance to intracanal disinfecting protocols. Understanding the virulence of these endodontic microbiota within biofilm is essential for the development of novel therapeutic procedures for intracanal disinfection. Both the disruption of biofilms and the killing of their bacteria are necessary to effectively treat apical periodontitis. Accordingly, a review of endodontic biofilm types, antimicrobial resistance mechanisms, and current and future therapeutic procedures for endodontic biofilm is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeon-Jee Yoo
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hiran Perinpanayagam
- Division of Restorative Dentistry, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
| | - Soram Oh
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - A-Reum Kim
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Dental Research Institute and BK21 Plus Program, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung-Hyun Han
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Dental Research Institute and BK21 Plus Program, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kee-Yeon Kum
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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Bai JR, Wu YP, Elena G, Zhong K, Gao H. Insight into the effect of quinic acid on biofilm formed byStaphylococcus aureus. RSC Adv 2019; 9:3938-3945. [PMID: 35518066 PMCID: PMC9060517 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra09136f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The biofilm formation of Staphylococcus aureus on food contact surfaces is the main risk of food contamination. In the present study, we firstly investigated the inhibitory effect of quinic acid (QA) on biofilm formed by S. aureus. Crystal violet staining assay and microscopy analysis clearly showed that QA at sub-MIC concentrations was able to significantly reduce the biofilm biomass and cause a collapse on biofilm architecture. Meanwhile, fibrinogen binding assay showed that QA had obviously effect on the S. aureus bacteria adhesion. XTT reduction assay and confocal laser scanning microscopic images revealed that QA significantly decreased metabolic activity and viability of biofilm cells. In addition, qRT-PCR analysis explored the potential inhibitory mechanism of QA against biofilm formation, which indicated that QA significantly repressed the gene sarA and activated the gene agrA. Moreover, QA exhibited a highly ability to reduce the number of sessile S. aureus cells adhered on the stainless steel. So, it was suggested that QA could be used as a promising antibiofilm agent to control biofilm formation of S. aureus. QA effectively inhibited S. aureus biofilm formation. The key genes of biofilm inhibition induced by QA were agrA and sarA.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Rong Bai
- College of Light Industry
- Textile and Food Engineering and Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- P. R. China
| | - Yan-Ping Wu
- College of Light Industry
- Textile and Food Engineering and Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- P. R. China
| | - Grosu Elena
- College of Light Industry
- Textile and Food Engineering and Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- P. R. China
| | - Kai Zhong
- College of Light Industry
- Textile and Food Engineering and Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- P. R. China
| | - Hong Gao
- College of Light Industry
- Textile and Food Engineering and Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- P. R. China
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Chen BC, Lin CX, Chen NP, Gao CX, Zhao YJ, Qian CD. Phenanthrene Antibiotic Targets Bacterial Membranes and Kills Staphylococcus aureus With a Low Propensity for Resistance Development. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1593. [PMID: 30065715 PMCID: PMC6056686 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
New classes of antibiotics with different mechanisms of action are urgently required for combating antimicrobial resistance. Blestriacin, a dihydro-biphenanthrene with significant antibacterial activity, was recently isolated from the fibrous roots of Bletilla striata. Here, we report the further characterization of the antimicrobial potential and mode of action of blestriacin. The phenanthrene compound inhibited the growth of all tested clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus including methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of blestriacin against these pathogens ranged from 2 to 8 μg/mL. Minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) tests were conducted, and the results demonstrated that blestriacin was bactericidal against S. aureus. This effect was confirmed by the time-kill assays. At bactericidal concentrations, blestriacin caused loss of membrane potential in B. subtilis and S. aureus and disrupted the bacterial membrane integrity of the two strains. The spontaneous mutation frequency of S. aureus to blestriacin was determined to be lower than 10-9. The selection and whole genome sequencing of the blestriacin –resistant mutants of S. aureus indicated that the development of blestriacin resistance in S. aureus involves mutations in multi-genes. All these observations can be rationalized by the suggestion that membrane is a biological target of blestriacin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Chen Chen
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chang-Xin Lin
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ni-Pi Chen
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Cheng-Xian Gao
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ying-Jie Zhao
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chao-Dong Qian
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
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