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Li L, Zhu Y, Wu F, Shen Y, Wang Y, Höfer J, Pozzolini M, Wang M, Xiao L, Dai X. Microbial Diversity and Screening for Potential Pathogens and Beneficial Bacteria of Five Jellyfish Species-Associated Microorganisms Based on 16S rRNA Sequencing. Pol J Microbiol 2024; 73:297-314. [PMID: 39214712 PMCID: PMC11398266 DOI: 10.33073/pjm-2024-026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Jellyfish, microorganisms, and the marine environment collectively shape a complex ecosystem. This study aimed to analyze the microbial communities associated with five jellyfish species, exploring their composition, diversity, and relationships. Microbial diversity among the species was assessed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and QIIME analysis. Significant differences in bacterial composition were found, with distinct dominant taxa in each species: Mycoplasmataceae (99.21%) in Aurelia coerulea, Sphingomonadaceae (22.81%) in Cassiopea andromeda, Alphaproteobacteria_unclassified (family level) (64.09%) in Chrysaora quinquecirrha, Parcubacteria_unclassified (family level) (93.11%) in Phacellophora camtschatica, and Chlamydiaceae (35.05%) and Alphaproteobacteria_unclassified (family level) (38.73%) in Rhopilema esculentum. C. andromeda showed the highest diversity, while A. coerulea exhibited the lowest. Correlations among dominant genera varied, including a positive correlation between Parcubacteria_unclassified (genus level) and Chlamydiaceae_unclassified (genus level). Genes were enriched in metabolic pathways and ABC transporters. The most abundant potential pathogens at the phylum level were Proteobacteria, Tenericutes, Chlamydiae, and Epsilonbacteraeota. The differing microbial compositions are likely influenced by species and their habitats. Interactions between jellyfish and microorganisms, as well as among microorganisms, showed interdependency or antagonism. Most microbial gene functions focused on metabolic pathways, warranting further study on the relationship between pathogenic bacteria and these pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangzhi Li
- 1College of Marine Biological Resources and Management, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- 2Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yina Zhu
- 2Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Wu
- 1College of Marine Biological Resources and Management, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuxin Shen
- 4Department of Radiation Oncology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Wang
- 5College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Juan Höfer
- 6Escuela de Ciencias del Mar, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, egión de Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Marina Pozzolini
- 7Department of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences (DISTAV), University of Genova, Via Pastore 3, Genova, Italy
| | - Mingke Wang
- 3Department of Disease Control and Prevention, Naval Medical Center of PLA, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liang Xiao
- 2Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaojie Dai
- 1College of Marine Biological Resources and Management, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
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Peng S, Ye L, Li Y, Wang F, Sun T, Wang L, Zhao J, Dong Z. Metagenomic insights into jellyfish-associated microbiome dynamics during strobilation. ISME COMMUNICATIONS 2024; 4:ycae036. [PMID: 38571744 PMCID: PMC10988111 DOI: 10.1093/ismeco/ycae036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Host-associated microbiomes can play key roles in the metamorphosis of animals. Most scyphozoan jellyfish undergo strobilation in their life cycles, similar to metamorphosis in classic bilaterians. The exploration of jellyfish microbiomes may elucidate the ancestral mechanisms and evolutionary trajectories of metazoan-microbe associations and interactions during metamorphosis. However, current knowledge of the functional features of jellyfish microbiomes remains limited. Here, we performed a genome-centric analysis of associated microbiota across four successive life stages (polyp, early strobila, advanced strobila, and ephyra) during strobilation in the common jellyfish Aurelia coerulea. We observed shifts in taxonomic and functional diversity of microbiomes across distinct stages and proposed that the low microbial diversity in ephyra stage may be correlated with the high expression of the host-derived antimicrobial peptide aurelin. Furthermore, we recovered 43 high-quality metagenome-assembled genomes and determined the nutritional potential of the dominant Vibrio members. Interestingly, we observed increased abundances of genes related to the biosynthesis of amino acids, vitamins, and cofactors, as well as carbon fixation during the loss of host feeding ability, indicating the functional potential of Aurelia-associated microbiota to support the synthesis of essential nutrients. We also identified several potential mechanisms by which jellyfish-associated microbes establish stage-specific community structures and maintain stable colonization in dynamic host environments, including eukaryotic-like protein production, bacterial secretion systems, restriction-modification systems, and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats-Cas systems. Our study characterizes unique taxonomic and functional changes in jellyfish microbiomes during strobilation and provides foundations for uncovering the ancestral mechanism of host-microbe interactions during metamorphosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saijun Peng
- Muping Coastal Environment Research Station, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, Shandong 264003, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lijing Ye
- Muping Coastal Environment Research Station, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, Shandong 264003, China
| | - Yongxue Li
- Muping Coastal Environment Research Station, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, Shandong 264003, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Fanghan Wang
- Muping Coastal Environment Research Station, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, Shandong 264003, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Tingting Sun
- Muping Coastal Environment Research Station, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, Shandong 264003, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Muping Coastal Environment Research Station, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, Shandong 264003, China
| | - Jianmin Zhao
- Muping Coastal Environment Research Station, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, Shandong 264003, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhijun Dong
- Muping Coastal Environment Research Station, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, Shandong 264003, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Peng S, Ye L, Li Y, Wang F, Sun T, Wang L, Hao W, Zhao J, Dong Z. Microbiota regulates life-cycle transition and nematocyte dynamics in jellyfish. iScience 2023; 26:108444. [PMID: 38125018 PMCID: PMC10730743 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Jellyfish represent one of the most basal animal groups with complex life cycles. The polyp-to-medusa transition, termed strobilation, is the pivotal process that determines the switch in swimming behavior and jellyfish blooms. Their microbiota plays an essential role in strobilation. Here, we investigated microbiota-mediated host phenotype dynamics during strobilation in the jellyfish Aurelia coerulea via antibiotic-induced microbiome alteration. Microbial depletion delayed the initiation of strobilation and resulted in fewer segments and ephyrae, which could be restored via microbial recolonization. Jellyfish-associated cyanobacteria, which were eliminated by antibiotics in the polyp stage, had the potential to supply retinal and trigger the retinoic acid signaling cascade, which drove the strobilation process. The microbiota regulated nematocyte development and differentiation, influencing the feeding and growth of the jellyfish. The findings improve our understanding of jellyfish-microbe interactions and provide new insights into the role of the microbiota in shaping feeding behavior through nematocyte dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saijun Peng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, Shandong 264003, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lijing Ye
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, Shandong 264003, China
| | - Yongxue Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, Shandong 264003, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Fanghan Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, Shandong 264003, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Tingting Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, Shandong 264003, China
| | - Lei Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, Shandong 264003, China
| | - Wenjin Hao
- School of Life Science, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226019, China
| | - Jianmin Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, Shandong 264003, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhijun Dong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, Shandong 264003, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Jensen N, Weiland-Bräuer N, Joel S, Chibani CM, Schmitz RA. The Life Cycle of Aurelia aurita Depends on the Presence of a Microbiome in Polyps Prior to Onset of Strobilation. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0026223. [PMID: 37378516 PMCID: PMC10433978 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00262-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Aurelia aurita's intricate life cycle alternates between benthic polyp and pelagic medusa stages. The strobilation process, a critical asexual reproduction mechanism in this jellyfish, is severely compromised in the absence of the natural polyp microbiome, with limited production and release of ephyrae. Yet, the recolonization of sterile polyps with a native polyp microbiome can correct this defect. Here, we investigated the precise timing necessary for recolonization as well as the host-associated molecular processes involved. We deciphered that a natural microbiota had to be present in polyps prior to the onset of strobilation to ensure normal asexual reproduction and a successful polyp-to-medusa transition. Providing the native microbiota to sterile polyps after the onset of strobilation failed to restore the normal strobilation process. The absence of a microbiome was associated with decreased transcription of developmental and strobilation genes as monitored by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR. Transcription of these genes was exclusively observed for native polyps and sterile polyps that were recolonized before the initiation of strobilation. We further propose that direct cell contact between the host and its associated bacteria is required for the normal production of offspring. Overall, our findings indicate that the presence of a native microbiome at the polyp stage prior to the onset of strobilation is essential to ensure a normal polyp-to-medusa transition. IMPORTANCE All multicellular organisms are associated with microorganisms that play fundamental roles in the health and fitness of the host. Notably, the native microbiome of the Cnidarian Aurelia aurita is crucial for the asexual reproduction by strobilation. Sterile polyps display malformed strobilae and a halt of ephyrae release, which is restored by recolonizing sterile polyps with a native microbiota. Despite that, little is known about the microbial impact on the strobilation process's timing and molecular consequences. The present study shows that A. aurita's life cycle depends on the presence of the native microbiome at the polyp stage prior to the onset of strobilation to ensure the polyp-to-medusa transition. Moreover, sterile individuals correlate with reduced transcription levels of developmental and strobilation genes, evidencing the microbiome's impact on strobilation on the molecular level. Transcription of strobilation genes was exclusively detected in native polyps and those recolonized before initiating strobilation, suggesting microbiota-dependent gene regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadin Jensen
- Institute of General Microbiology, Christian-Albrechts University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Nancy Weiland-Bräuer
- Institute of General Microbiology, Christian-Albrechts University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Shindhuja Joel
- Institute of General Microbiology, Christian-Albrechts University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Cynthia Maria Chibani
- Institute of General Microbiology, Christian-Albrechts University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Ruth Anne Schmitz
- Institute of General Microbiology, Christian-Albrechts University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
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5
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Stante M, Weiland-Bräuer N, Repnik U, Werner A, Bramkamp M, Chibani CM, Schmitz RA. Four Novel Caudoviricetes Bacteriophages Isolated from Baltic Sea Water Infect Colonizers of Aurelia aurita. Viruses 2023; 15:1525. [PMID: 37515211 PMCID: PMC10383413 DOI: 10.3390/v15071525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The moon jellyfish Aurelia aurita is associated with a highly diverse microbiota changing with provenance, tissue, and life stage. While the crucial relevance of bacteria to host fitness is well known, bacteriophages have often been neglected. Here, we aimed to isolate virulent phages targeting bacteria that are part of the A. aurita-associated microbiota. Four phages (Pseudomonas phage BSwM KMM1, Citrobacter phages BSwM KMM2-BSwM KMM4) were isolated from the Baltic Sea water column and characterized. Phages KMM2/3/4 infected representatives of Citrobacter, Shigella, and Escherichia (Enterobacteriaceae), whereas KMM1 showed a remarkably broad host range, infecting Gram-negative Pseudomonas as well as Gram-positive Staphylococcus. All phages showed an up to 99% adsorption to host cells within 5 min, short latent periods (around 30 min), large burst sizes (mean of 128 pfu/cell), and high efficiency of plating (EOP > 0.5), demonstrating decent virulence, efficiency, and infectivity. Transmission electron microscopy and viral genome analysis revealed that all phages are novel species and belong to the class of Caudoviricetes harboring a tail and linear double-stranded DNA (formerly known as Siphovirus-like (KMM3) and Myovirus-like (KMM1/2/4) bacteriophages) with genome sizes between 50 and 138 kbp. In the future, these isolates will allow manipulation of the A. aurita-associated microbiota and provide new insights into phage impact on the multicellular host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Stante
- Institute for General Microbiology, Christian Albrechts University, Am Botanischen Garten 1-9, D-24118 Kiel, Germany; (M.S.); (N.W.-B.); (A.W.); (M.B.); (C.M.C.)
| | - Nancy Weiland-Bräuer
- Institute for General Microbiology, Christian Albrechts University, Am Botanischen Garten 1-9, D-24118 Kiel, Germany; (M.S.); (N.W.-B.); (A.W.); (M.B.); (C.M.C.)
| | - Urska Repnik
- Central Microscopy Facility, Christian Albrechts University, Am Botanischen Garten 1-9, D-24118 Kiel, Germany;
| | - Almut Werner
- Institute for General Microbiology, Christian Albrechts University, Am Botanischen Garten 1-9, D-24118 Kiel, Germany; (M.S.); (N.W.-B.); (A.W.); (M.B.); (C.M.C.)
| | - Marc Bramkamp
- Institute for General Microbiology, Christian Albrechts University, Am Botanischen Garten 1-9, D-24118 Kiel, Germany; (M.S.); (N.W.-B.); (A.W.); (M.B.); (C.M.C.)
- Central Microscopy Facility, Christian Albrechts University, Am Botanischen Garten 1-9, D-24118 Kiel, Germany;
| | - Cynthia M. Chibani
- Institute for General Microbiology, Christian Albrechts University, Am Botanischen Garten 1-9, D-24118 Kiel, Germany; (M.S.); (N.W.-B.); (A.W.); (M.B.); (C.M.C.)
| | - Ruth A. Schmitz
- Institute for General Microbiology, Christian Albrechts University, Am Botanischen Garten 1-9, D-24118 Kiel, Germany; (M.S.); (N.W.-B.); (A.W.); (M.B.); (C.M.C.)
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6
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Jorge F, Dheilly NM, Froissard C, Wainwright E, Poulin R. Consistency of Bacterial Communities in a Parasitic Worm: Variation Throughout the Life Cycle and Across Geographic Space. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2022; 83:724-738. [PMID: 34136952 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-021-01774-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Microbial communities within metazoans are increasingly linked with development, health and behaviour, possibly functioning as integrated evolutionary units with the animal in which they live. This would require microbial communities to show some consistency both ontogenetically (across life stages) and geographically (among populations). We characterise the bacteriome of the parasitic trematode Philophthalmus attenuatus, which undergoes major life cycle transitions, and test whether its bacteriome remains consistent on developmental and spatial scales. Based on sequencing the prokaryotic 16S SSU rRNA gene, we compared the parasite bacteriome (i) across three life stages (rediae in snails, cercariae exiting snails, adults in birds) in one locality and (ii) among three geographic localities for rediae only. We found that each life stage harbours a bacteriome different from that of its host (except the adult stage) and the external environment. Very few bacterial taxa were shared among life stages, suggesting substantial ontogenetic turnover in bacteriome composition. Rediae from the three different localities also had different bacteriomes, with dissimilarities increasing with geographical distance. However, rediae from different localities nevertheless shared more bacterial taxa than did different life stages from the same locality. Changes in the bacteriome along the parasite's developmental history but some degree of geographical stability within a given life stage point toward non-random, stage-specific acquisition, selection and/or propagation of bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fátima Jorge
- Department of Zoology, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand
| | - Nolwenn M Dheilly
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
- ANSES, Agence Nationale de Sécurité Sanitaire de L'Alimentation, de l'Environnement et du Travail - Laboratoire de Ploufragan-Plouzané, Unité Génétique Virale de Biosécurité, Ploufragan, France
| | - Céline Froissard
- Department of Zoology, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand
| | - Eleanor Wainwright
- Department of Zoology, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand
| | - Robert Poulin
- Department of Zoology, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand.
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Wathsala RHGR, Musella M, Valbonesi P, Candela M, Franzellitti S. Variability of metabolic, protective, antioxidant, and lysosomal gene transcriptional profiles and microbiota composition of Mytilus galloprovincialis farmed in the North Adriatic Sea (Italy). MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2021; 172:112847. [PMID: 34399278 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluates the transcriptional profiles of genes related to physiological responses in digestive glands (DG) of Mytilus galloprovincialis under the influence of seasonal changes of environmental variables, gender bias, and gonadal development. Composition of the DG microbiome was also explored. Mussels were collected across 7 months encompassing 3 seasons from a farm in the Northwestern Adriatic Sea. All gene products showed complex transcriptional patterns across seasons. Salinity, surface oxygen and transparency significantly correlate with transcriptional profiles of males, whereas in females temperature and gonadal maturation mostly explained the observed transcriptional changes. Seasonal variations and gender-specific differences were observed in DG microbiome composition, with variations resembling metabolic accommodations likely facing season progression and reproductive cycle. Results provide baseline information to improve actual monitoring strategies of mussel farming conditions and forecast potential detrimental impacts of climatological/environmental changes in the study area.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Margherita Musella
- Unit of Microbiome Science and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Fano Marine Center, The Inter-Institute Center for Research on Marine Biodiversity, Resources and Biotechnologies, Fano, Italy
| | - Paola Valbonesi
- Animal and Environmental Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences (BiGeA), University of Bologna, Ravenna, Italy
| | - Marco Candela
- Unit of Microbiome Science and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Fano Marine Center, The Inter-Institute Center for Research on Marine Biodiversity, Resources and Biotechnologies, Fano, Italy.
| | - Silvia Franzellitti
- Animal and Environmental Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences (BiGeA), University of Bologna, Ravenna, Italy; Fano Marine Center, The Inter-Institute Center for Research on Marine Biodiversity, Resources and Biotechnologies, Fano, Italy.
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8
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Röthig T, Puntin G, Wong JCY, Burian A, McLeod W, Baker DM. Holobiont nitrogen control and its potential for eutrophication resistance in an obligate photosymbiotic jellyfish. MICROBIOME 2021; 9:127. [PMID: 34078452 PMCID: PMC8173792 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-021-01075-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Marine holobionts depend on microbial members for health and nutrient cycling. This is particularly evident in cnidarian-algae symbioses that facilitate energy and nutrient acquisition. However, this partnership is highly sensitive to environmental change-including eutrophication-that causes dysbiosis and contributes to global coral reef decline. Yet, some holobionts exhibit resistance to dysbiosis in eutrophic environments, including the obligate photosymbiotic scyphomedusa Cassiopea xamachana. METHODS Our aim was to assess the mechanisms in C. xamachana that stabilize symbiotic relationships. We combined labelled bicarbonate (13C) and nitrate (15N) with metabarcoding approaches to evaluate nutrient cycling and microbial community composition in symbiotic and aposymbiotic medusae. RESULTS C-fixation and cycling by algal Symbiodiniaceae was essential for C. xamachana as even at high heterotrophic feeding rates aposymbiotic medusae continuously lost weight. Heterotrophically acquired C and N were readily shared among host and algae. This was in sharp contrast to nitrate assimilation by Symbiodiniaceae, which appeared to be strongly restricted. Instead, the bacterial microbiome seemed to play a major role in the holobiont's DIN assimilation as uptake rates showed a significant positive relationship with phylogenetic diversity of medusa-associated bacteria. This is corroborated by inferred functional capacity that links the dominant bacterial taxa (~90 %) to nitrogen cycling. Observed bacterial community structure differed between apo- and symbiotic C. xamachana putatively highlighting enrichment of ammonium oxidizers and nitrite reducers and depletion of nitrogen-fixers in symbiotic medusae. CONCLUSION Host, algal symbionts, and bacterial associates contribute to regulated nutrient assimilation and cycling in C. xamachana. We found that the bacterial microbiome of symbiotic medusae was seemingly structured to increase DIN removal and enforce algal N-limitation-a mechanism that would help to stabilize the host-algae relationship even under eutrophic conditions. Video abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Till Röthig
- The Swire Institute of Marine Science and School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR of China
- Department of Bioresources, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Giessen, Germany
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Giulia Puntin
- The Swire Institute of Marine Science and School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR of China
- Department of Animal Ecology & Systematics, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Jane C. Y. Wong
- The Swire Institute of Marine Science and School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR of China
| | - Alfred Burian
- Marine Ecology Department, Lurio University, Nampula, Mozambique
- Department of Computational Landscape Ecology, UFZ– Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Wendy McLeod
- The Swire Institute of Marine Science and School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR of China
| | - David M. Baker
- The Swire Institute of Marine Science and School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR of China
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9
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Peng S, Hao W, Li Y, Wang L, Sun T, Zhao J, Dong Z. Bacterial Communities Associated With Four Blooming Scyphozoan Jellyfish: Potential Species-Specific Consequences for Marine Organisms and Humans Health. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:647089. [PMID: 34025606 PMCID: PMC8131558 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.647089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cnidarians have large surface areas available for colonization by microbial organisms, which serve a multitude of functions in the environment. However, relatively few studies have been conducted on scyphozoan-associated microbial communities. Blooms of scyphozoan species are common worldwide and can have numerous deleterious consequences on the marine ecosystem. Four scyphozoan species, Aurelia coerulea, Cyanea nozakii, Nemopilema nomurai, and Rhopilema esculentum, form large blooms in Chinese seas. In this study, we analyzed the bacterial communities associated with these four jellyfish based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing. We found that the bacterial communities associated with each scyphozoan species were significantly different from each other and from those of the surrounding seawater. There were no significant differences between the bacterial communities associated with different body parts of the four scyphozoan jellyfish. Core bacteria in various compartments of the four scyphozoan taxa comprised 57 OTUs (Operational Taxonomic Units), dominated by genera Mycoplasma, Vibrio, Ralstonia, Tenacibaculum, Shingomonas and Phyllobacterium. FAPROTAX function prediction revealed that jellyfish could influence microbially mediated biogeochemical cycles, compound degradation and transmit pathogens in regions where they proliferate. Finally, Six genera of potentially pathogenic bacteria associated with the scyphozoans were detected: Vibrio, Mycoplasma, Ralstonia, Tenacibaculum, Nautella, and Acinetobacter. Our study suggests that blooms of these four common scyphozoans may cause jellyfish species-specific impacts on element cycling in marine ecosystems, and serve as vectors of pathogenic bacteria to threaten other marine organisms and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saijun Peng
- Muping Coastal Environment Research Station, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenjin Hao
- School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Yongxue Li
- Muping Coastal Environment Research Station, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Muping Coastal Environment Research Station, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, China
| | - Tingting Sun
- Muping Coastal Environment Research Station, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jianmin Zhao
- Muping Coastal Environment Research Station, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, China.,Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, China.,Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhijun Dong
- Muping Coastal Environment Research Station, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, China.,Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, China.,Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
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10
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Chen X, Li X, Xu Z, Liu Q, Peng Z, Zhu Y, Hong J, Lu W, Cui J, Xiao L. The distinct microbial community in Aurelia coerulea polyps versus medusae and its dynamics after exposure to 60Co-γ radiation. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 188:109843. [PMID: 32846637 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Radiation (e.g., nuclear leakage) is a common harmful factor in the ocean that potentially affects the microbial community in nearby benthic hosts such as jellyfish polyps, which is essential for the maintenance of jellyfish populations and high-quality medusae. After comparison with the microbial community of medusae, the effect of 60Co-γ on the microbial community in Aurelia coerulea polyps was dynamically tested using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Our results suggested that Proteobacteria (76.19 ± 3.24%), Tenericutes (12.93 ± 3.20%) and Firmicutes (8.33 ± 1.06%) are most abundant in medusae, while Proteobacteria (29.49 ± 2.29%), Firmicutes (46.25 ± 5.59%), and Bacteroidetes (20.16 ± 2.65%) are the top three phyla in polyps. After 60Co-γ radiation, the proportion of Proteobacteria increased from 29.49 ± 2.29% to 59.40 ± 3.09% over 5 days, while that of Firmicutes decreased from 46.25 ± 5.59% to 13.58 ± 3.74%. At the class level, Gammaproteobacteria continually increased during the 5 days after radiation exposure, whereas Bacilli declined, followed by partial recovery, and Alphaproteobacteria and Flavobacteriia remained almost unchanged. Intriguingly, Staphylococcus from Firmicutes and three other genera, Rhodobacter, Vibrio, and Methylophaga, from Proteobacteria greatly overlapped according to their KEGG functions. It is concluded that the microbial community in A. coerulea polyps is distinct from that in the medusae and is greatly affected by 60Co-γ exposure, with a growth (0-3 d) period and a redistribution (3-5 d) period. The dynamic change in the microbial community is probably an important self-defense process in response to external interference that is regulated by the host's physiological characteristics and the intense interspecific competition among symbiotic microbes with similar functions and functional redundancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- XinTong Chen
- Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, 200433, China.
| | - XiaoYa Li
- Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, 200433, China.
| | - Zheng Xu
- Administration Office for Scientific Research, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, 200433, China.
| | - Qing Liu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine; ShanXi Agricultural University, ShanXi, TaiGu, 030801, China.
| | - ZhaoYun Peng
- Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - YiNa Zhu
- Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - JianPing Hong
- College of Resources and Environment; ShanXi Agricultural University, ShanXi, TaiGu, 030801, China.
| | - Wei Lu
- 905th Hospital of PLA Navy, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, 200052, China.
| | - Jianguo Cui
- Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, 200433, China.
| | - Liang Xiao
- Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, 200433, China.
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11
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Stabili L, Rizzo L, Basso L, Marzano M, Fosso B, Pesole G, Piraino S. The Microbial Community Associated with Rhizostoma pulmo: Ecological Significance and Potential Consequences for Marine Organisms and Human Health. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:md18090437. [PMID: 32839397 PMCID: PMC7551628 DOI: 10.3390/md18090437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Jellyfish blooms are frequent and widespread in coastal areas worldwide, often associated with significant ecological and socio-economic consequences. Recent studies have also suggested cnidarian jellyfish may act as vectors of bacterial pathogens. The scyphomedusa Rhizostoma pulmo is an outbreak-forming jellyfish widely occurring across the Mediterranean basin. Using combination of culture-based approaches and a high-throughput amplicon sequencing (HTS), and based on available knowledge on a warm-affinity jellyfish-associated microbiome, we compared the microbial community associated with R. pulmo adult jellyfish in the Gulf of Taranto (Ionian Sea) between summer (July 2016) and winter (February 2017) sampling periods. The jellyfish-associated microbiota was investigated in three distinct compartments, namely umbrella, oral arms, and the mucus secretion. Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Chlamydiae, Cyanobacteria, Deinococcus-Thermus, Firmicutes, Fusobacteria, Planctomycetes, Proteobacteria, Rhodothermaeota, Spirochaetes, Tenericutes, and Thaumarchaeota were the phyla isolated from all the three R. pulmo compartments in the sampling times. In particular, the main genera Mycoplasma and Spiroplasma, belonging to the class Mollicutes (phylum Tenericutes), have been identified in all the three jellyfish compartments. The taxonomic microbial data were coupled with metabolic profiles resulting from the utilization of 31 different carbon sources by the BIOLOG Eco-Plate system. Microorganisms associated with mucus are characterized by great diversity. The counts of culturable heterotrophic bacteria and potential metabolic activities are also remarkable. Results are discussed in terms of R. pulmo ecology, the potential health hazard for marine and human life as well as the potential biotechnological applications related to the associated microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loredana Stabili
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Via Prov.le Lecce Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (L.B.); (S.P.)
- Institute of Water Research of the National Research Council, S.S. di Taranto, Via Roma 3, 74123 Taranto, Italy
- Correspondence: (L.S.); (L.R.); (M.M.)
| | - Lucia Rizzo
- Integrative Marine Ecology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Napoli, Italy
- Correspondence: (L.S.); (L.R.); (M.M.)
| | - Lorena Basso
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Via Prov.le Lecce Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (L.B.); (S.P.)
| | - Marinella Marzano
- Istituto di Biomembrane, Bioenergetica e Biotecnologie Molecolari (IBIOM), CNR, 70126 Bari, Italy; (B.F.); (G.P.)
- Correspondence: (L.S.); (L.R.); (M.M.)
| | - Bruno Fosso
- Istituto di Biomembrane, Bioenergetica e Biotecnologie Molecolari (IBIOM), CNR, 70126 Bari, Italy; (B.F.); (G.P.)
| | - Graziano Pesole
- Istituto di Biomembrane, Bioenergetica e Biotecnologie Molecolari (IBIOM), CNR, 70126 Bari, Italy; (B.F.); (G.P.)
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Biotecnologie e Biofarmaceutica, Università degli Studi di Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70121 Bari, Italy
| | - Stefano Piraino
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Via Prov.le Lecce Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (L.B.); (S.P.)
- CoNISMa, Piazzale Flaminio 9, 00196 Rome, Italy
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12
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Schwob G, Cabrol L, Poulin E, Orlando J. Characterization of the Gut Microbiota of the Antarctic Heart Urchin (Spatangoida) Abatus agassizii. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:308. [PMID: 32184772 PMCID: PMC7058685 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Abatus agassizii is an irregular sea urchin species that inhabits shallow waters of South Georgia and South Shetlands Islands. As a deposit-feeder, A. agassizii nutrition relies on the ingestion of the surrounding sediment in which it lives barely burrowed. Despite the low complexity of its feeding habit, it harbors a long and twice-looped digestive tract suggesting that it may host a complex bacterial community. Here, we characterized the gut microbiota of specimens from two A. agassizii populations at the south of the King George Island in the West Antarctic Peninsula. Using a metabarcoding approach targeting the 16S rRNA gene, we characterized the Abatus microbiota composition and putative functional capacity, evaluating its differentiation among the gut content and the gut tissue in comparison with the external sediment. Additionally, we aimed to define a core gut microbiota between A. agassizii populations to identify potential keystone bacterial taxa. Our results show that the diversity and the composition of the microbiota, at both genetic and predicted functional levels, were mostly driven by the sample type, and to a lesser extent by the population location. Specific bacterial taxa, belonging mostly to Planctomycetacia and Spirochaetia, were differently enriched in the gut content and the gut tissue, respectively. Predictive functional profiles revealed higher abundance of specific pathways, as the sulfur cycle in the gut content and the amino acid metabolism, in the gut tissue. Further, the definition of a core microbiota allowed to obtain evidence of specific localization of bacterial taxa and the identification of potential keystone taxa assigned to the Desulfobacula and Spirochaeta genera as potentially host selected. The ecological relevance of these keystone taxa in the host metabolism is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Schwob
- Laboratorio de Ecología Molecular, Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Laboratorio de Ecología Microbiana, Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Léa Cabrol
- Laboratorio de Ecología Molecular, Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Aix Marseille University, Univ Toulon, CNRS, IRD, Mediterranean Institute of Oceanography (MIO) UM 110, Marseille, France
| | - Elie Poulin
- Laboratorio de Ecología Molecular, Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Julieta Orlando
- Laboratorio de Ecología Microbiana, Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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13
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Cleary DFR, Polónia ARM, Huang YM, Swierts T. Compositional variation between high and low prokaryotic diversity coral reef biotopes translates to different predicted metagenomic gene content. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 2019; 113:563-587. [PMID: 31802337 DOI: 10.1007/s10482-019-01364-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
In a previous study, we identified host species that housed high and low diversity prokaryotic communities. In the present study, we expand on this and assessed the prokaryotic communities associated with seawater, sediment and 11 host species from 7 different phyla in a Taiwanese coral reef setting. The host taxa sampled included hard, octo- and black corals, molluscs, bryozoans, flatworms, fish and sea urchins. There were highly significant differences in composition among host species and all host species housed distinct communities from those found in seawater and sediment. In a hierarchical clustering analysis, samples from all host species, with the exception of the coral Galaxea astreata, formed significantly supported clusters. In addition to this, the coral G. astreata and the bryozoan Triphyllozoon inornatum on the one hand and the coral Tubastraea coccinea, the hermit crab Calcinus laevimanus and the flatworm Thysanozoon nigropapillosum on the other formed significantly supported clusters. In addition to composition, there were highly pronounced differences in richness and evenness among host species from the most diverse species, the bryozoan T. inornatum at 2518 ± 240 OTUs per 10,000 sequences to the least diverse species, the octocoral Cladiella sp. at 142 ± 14 OTUs per 10,000 sequences. In line with the differences in composition, there were significant differences in predicted metagenomic gene counts among host species. Furthermore, there were pronounced compositional and predicted functional differences between high diversity hosts (Liolophura japonica, G. astreata, T. coccinea, C. laevimanus, T. inornatum) and low diversity hosts (Antipathes sp., Pomacentrus coelestis, Modiolus auriculatus, T. nigropapillosum, Cladiella sp. and Diadema savigny). In particular, we found that all tested low diversity hosts were predicted to be enriched for the phosphotransferase system compared to high diversity hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel F R Cleary
- Department of Biology and CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Ana Rita M Polónia
- Department of Biology and CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Yusheng M Huang
- Tropical Island Sustainable Development Research Center, National Penghu University of Science and Technology, Penghu, Taiwan.,Department of Marine Recreation, University of Science and Technology, Penghu, Taiwan
| | - Thomas Swierts
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Institute of Environmental Sciences (CML), Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
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14
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LIU QING, CHEN XINTONG, LI XIAOYA, HONG JIANPING, JIANG GUIXIAN, LIANG HONGYU, LIU WENWEN, XU ZHENG, ZHANG JING, WANG WEI, XIAO LIANG. The Diversity of the Endobiotic Bacterial Communities in the Four Jellyfish Species. Pol J Microbiol 2019; 68:465-476. [PMID: 31880891 PMCID: PMC7260641 DOI: 10.33073/pjm-2019-046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The associated microbiota plays an essential role in the life process of jellyfish. The endobiotic bacterial communities from four common jellyfish Phyllorhiza punctata, Cyanea capillata, Chrysaora melanaster, and Aurelia coerulea were comparatively analyzed by 16S rDNA sequencing in this study. Several 1049 OTUs were harvested from a total of 130 183 reads. Tenericutes (68.4%) and Firmicutes (82.1%) are the most abundant phyla in P. punctata and C. melanaster, whereas C. capillata and A. coerulea share the same top phylum Proteobacteria (76.9% vs. 78.3%). The classified OTUs and bacterial abundance greatly decrease from the phylum to genus level. The top 20 matched genera only account for 9.03% of the total community in P. punctata, 48.9% in C. capillata, 83.05% in C. melanaster, and 58.1% in A. coerulea, respectively. The heatmap of the top 50 genera shows that the relative abundances in A. coerulea and C. capillata are far richer than that in P. punctata and C. melanaster. Moreover, a total of 41 predictive functional categories at KEGG level 2 were identified. Our study indicates the independent diversity of the bacterial communities in the four common Scyphomedusae, which might involve in the metabolism and environmental information processing of the hosts. The associated microbiota plays an essential role in the life process of jellyfish. The endobiotic bacterial communities from four common jellyfish Phyllorhiza punctata, Cyanea capillata, Chrysaora melanaster, and Aurelia coerulea were comparatively analyzed by 16S rDNA sequencing in this study. Several 1049 OTUs were harvested from a total of 130 183 reads. Tenericutes (68.4%) and Firmicutes (82.1%) are the most abundant phyla in P. punctata and C. melanaster, whereas C. capillata and A. coerulea share the same top phylum Proteobacteria (76.9% vs. 78.3%). The classified OTUs and bacterial abundance greatly decrease from the phylum to genus level. The top 20 matched genera only account for 9.03% of the total community in P. punctata, 48.9% in C. capillata, 83.05% in C. melanaster, and 58.1% in A. coerulea, respectively. The heatmap of the top 50 genera shows that the relative abundances in A. coerulea and C. capillata are far richer than that in P. punctata and C. melanaster. Moreover, a total of 41 predictive functional categories at KEGG level 2 were identified. Our study indicates the independent diversity of the bacterial communities in the four common Scyphomedusae, which might involve in the metabolism and environmental information processing of the hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- QING LIU
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine; ShanXi Agricultural University, TaiGu, ShanXi, China
| | - XINTONG CHEN
- Faculty of Naval Medicine, Second Military Medical University (Naval Medical University), Shanghai, China
- College of Resources and Environment; ShanXi Agricultural University, ShanXi, TaiGu, China
| | - XIAOYA LI
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine; ShanXi Agricultural University, TaiGu, ShanXi, China
- Faculty of Naval Medicine, Second Military Medical University (Naval Medical University), Shanghai, China
| | - JIANPING HONG
- College of Resources and Environment; ShanXi Agricultural University, ShanXi, TaiGu, China
| | - GUIXIAN JIANG
- Clinical Medicine, Grade 2015, Second Military Medical University (Naval Medical University), Shanghai, China
| | - HONGYU LIANG
- Faculty of Naval Medicine, Second Military Medical University (Naval Medical University), Shanghai, China
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - WENWEN LIU
- Faculty of Naval Medicine, Second Military Medical University (Naval Medical University), Shanghai, China
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - ZHENG XU
- Administration Office for Scientific Research, Second Military Medical University (Naval Medical University), Shanghai, China
| | - JING ZHANG
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - WEI WANG
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University (Naval Medical University), Shanghai, China
| | - LIANG XIAO
- Faculty of Naval Medicine, Second Military Medical University (Naval Medical University), Shanghai, China
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15
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Basso L, Rizzo L, Marzano M, Intranuovo M, Fosso B, Pesole G, Piraino S, Stabili L. Jellyfish summer outbreaks as bacterial vectors and potential hazards for marine animals and humans health? The case of Rhizostoma pulmo (Scyphozoa, Cnidaria). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 692:305-318. [PMID: 31349170 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.07.155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Jellyfish represent an important component of marine food webs characterized by large fluctuations of population density, with the ability to abruptly form outbreaks, followed by rarity periods. In spite of considerable efforts to investigate how jellyfish populations are responding globally to anthropogenic change, available evidence still remains unclear. In the last 50 years, jellyfish are seemingly on the rise in a number of coastal areas, including the Mediterranean Sea, where jellyfish blooms periodically become an issue to marine and maritime human activities. Their impacts on marine organism welfare have been poorly quantified. The jellyfish, Rhizostoma pulmo, is an outbreak-forming scyphomedusa whose large populations spread across the Mediterranean, with increasing periodicity and variable abundance. Studies on cnidarian jellyfish suggested being important vectors of bacterial pathogens. In the present study, by combination of conventional culture-based methods and a high-throughput amplicon sequencing (HTS) approach, we characterized the diversity of the bacterial community associated with this jellyfish during their summer outbreak. Three distinct jellyfish compartments, namely umbrella, oral arms, and the mucus secretion obtained from whole specimens were screened for specifically associated microbiota. A total of 17 phyla, 30 classes, 73 orders, 146 families and 329 genera of microbial organisms were represented in R. pulmo samples with three major clades (i.e. Spiroplasma, Mycoplasma and Wolinella) representing over 90% of the retrieved total sequences. The taxonomic microbial inventory was then combined with metabolic profiling data obtained from the Biolog Eco-Plate system. Significant differences among the jellyfish compartments were detected in terms of bacterial abundance, diversity and metabolic utilization of 31 different carbon sources with the highest value of abundance and metabolic potential in the mucus secretion compared to the umbrella and oral arms. Results are discussed in the framework of the species ecology as well as the potential health hazard for marine organisms and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Basso
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy; Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Scienze del Mare, CoNISMa, Piazzale Flaminio 9, 00196 Roma, Italy
| | - Lucia Rizzo
- Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Scienze del Mare, CoNISMa, Piazzale Flaminio 9, 00196 Roma, Italy; Integrative Marine Ecology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Napoli, Italy
| | - Marinella Marzano
- Istituto di Biomembrane, Bioenergetica e Biotecnologie Molecolari (IBIOM), CNR, Bari, Italy
| | - Marianna Intranuovo
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Biotecnologie e Biofarmaceutica, Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Bruno Fosso
- Istituto di Biomembrane, Bioenergetica e Biotecnologie Molecolari (IBIOM), CNR, Bari, Italy
| | - Graziano Pesole
- Istituto di Biomembrane, Bioenergetica e Biotecnologie Molecolari (IBIOM), CNR, Bari, Italy; Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Biotecnologie e Biofarmaceutica, Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy.
| | - Stefano Piraino
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy; Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Scienze del Mare, CoNISMa, Piazzale Flaminio 9, 00196 Roma, Italy.
| | - Loredana Stabili
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy; Water Research Institute of the National Research Council, (IRSA-CNR), Taranto, Italy.
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16
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Tinta T, Kogovšek T, Klun K, Malej A, Herndl GJ, Turk V. Jellyfish-Associated Microbiome in the Marine Environment: Exploring Its Biotechnological Potential. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:E94. [PMID: 30717239 PMCID: PMC6410321 DOI: 10.3390/md17020094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite accumulating evidence of the importance of the jellyfish-associated microbiome to jellyfish, its potential relevance to blue biotechnology has only recently been recognized. In this review, we emphasize the biotechnological potential of host⁻microorganism systems and focus on gelatinous zooplankton as a host for the microbiome with biotechnological potential. The basic characteristics of jellyfish-associated microbial communities, the mechanisms underlying the jellyfish-microbe relationship, and the role/function of the jellyfish-associated microbiome and its biotechnological potential are reviewed. It appears that the jellyfish-associated microbiome is discrete from the microbial community in the ambient seawater, exhibiting a certain degree of specialization with some preferences for specific jellyfish taxa and for specific jellyfish populations, life stages, and body parts. In addition, different sampling approaches and methodologies to study the phylogenetic diversity of the jellyfish-associated microbiome are described and discussed. Finally, some general conclusions are drawn from the existing literature and future research directions are highlighted on the jellyfish-associated microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tinkara Tinta
- Department of Limnology and Bio-Oceanography, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
- Marine Biology Station Piran, National Institute of Biology, Fornače 41, 6330 Piran, Slovenia.
| | - Tjaša Kogovšek
- Marine Biology Station Piran, National Institute of Biology, Fornače 41, 6330 Piran, Slovenia.
| | - Katja Klun
- Marine Biology Station Piran, National Institute of Biology, Fornače 41, 6330 Piran, Slovenia.
| | - Alenka Malej
- Marine Biology Station Piran, National Institute of Biology, Fornače 41, 6330 Piran, Slovenia.
| | - Gerhard J Herndl
- Department of Limnology and Bio-Oceanography, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
- NIOZ, Department of Marine Microbiology and Biogeochemistry, Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, Utrecht University, 1790 AB Den Burg, The Netherlands.
| | - Valentina Turk
- Marine Biology Station Piran, National Institute of Biology, Fornače 41, 6330 Piran, Slovenia.
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