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Bai L, Wang T, Deng Q, Zheng W, Li X, Yang H, Tong R, Yu D, Shi J. Dual properties of pharmacological activities and preparation excipient: Bletilla striata polysaccharides. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 254:127643. [PMID: 37898246 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
Bletilla striata has been used for thousands of years and shows the functions of stopping bleeding, reducing swelling, and promoting healing in traditional applications. For Bletilla striata, Bletilla striata polysaccharides (BSP) is the main active ingredient, exhibiting biological functions of anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-fibrotic, immune modulation, anti-glycation, and so on. In addition, BSP has exhibited the characteristics of excipient such as bio-adhesion, bio-degradability, and bio-safety and has been prepared into a series of preparations such as nanoparticles, microspheres, microneedles, hydrogels, etc. BSP, as both a drug and an excipient, has already aroused more and more attention. In this review, publications in recent years related to the extraction and identification, biological activities, and excipient application of BSP are reviewed. Specifically, we focused on the advances in the application of BSP as a formulation excipient. We hold opinion that BSP not only needed more researches in the mechanisms, but also the development into hydrogels, nano-formulations, tissue engineering, and so on. And we believe that this paper provides a beneficial reference for further BSP innovation and in-depth research and promotes the use of these natural products in pharmaceutical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Bai
- Department of Pharmacy, Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China; The State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Department of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Qichuan Deng
- Department of Pharmacy, Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Zheng
- Department of Pharmacy, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xinyu Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Hao Yang
- Power China Chengdu Engineering Corporation Limited, Chengdu, China
| | - Rongsheng Tong
- Department of Pharmacy, Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.
| | - Dongke Yu
- Department of Pharmacy, Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.
| | - Jianyou Shi
- Department of Pharmacy, Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China; The State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Department of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
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Moreno Cardenas C, Çiçek SS. Structure-dependent activity of plant natural products against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1234115. [PMID: 37649631 PMCID: PMC10463185 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1234115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is one of the major causes for nosocomial infections and has been classified as "high priority pathogen" by the World Health Organization. Its ability to develop resistances has been a challenge for the last decades and is still a threat to health care systems, as strains with resistances to the so-called drugs of last resort have been discovered. Therefore, new antibiotics are urgently needed. Natural products are an important source for the development of new drugs, thereby mostly serving as lead compounds for further modification. In this review, the data on plant natural products with reported anti-MRSA activity until the end of 2022 is discussed, highlighting the most effective drugs with respect to their inhibitory concentrations as well as with regard to eventual synergistic effects with existing antibiotics. In the latter sense, the class of alkaloids must be mentioned, exhibiting additive or synergistic effects by inhibiting bacterial efflux pumps. With regard to the antibiotic activity, phloroglucinol derivatives certainly belong to the most promising compounds, revealing several candidates with remarkable effects, e.g., lupulone, ivesinol, rhodomyrtone, aspidinol, or hyperforin. Also, the class of terpenoids yielded noteworthy compounds, such as the sesquiterpene lactones parthenolide and lactopicrin as well as acetophenone sesquiterpenes and sphaerodiene type diterpenoids, respectively. In addition, pronounced effects were observed for the macrolide neurymenolide A and three flavonol dicoumaroylrhamnosides.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Serhat S. Çiçek
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
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Le CY, Ye YJ, Xu J, Li L, Feng XQ, Chen NP, Zhu BQ, Ding ZS, Qian CD. Hinokitiol Selectively Enhances the Antibacterial Activity of Tetracyclines against Staphylococcus aureus. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0320522. [PMID: 36943047 PMCID: PMC10101018 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03205-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The increasing prevalence of antibiotic resistance causes an urgent need for alternative agents to combat drug-resistant bacterial pathogens. Plant-derived compounds are promising candidates for the treatment of infections caused by antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Hinokitiol (β-thujaplicin), a natural tropolone derivative found in the heartwood of cupressaceous plants, has been widely used in oral and skin care products as an antimicrobial agent. The aim of this work was to study the synergy potential of hinokitiol with antibiotics against Staphylococcus aureus, which is an extremely successful opportunistic pathogen capable of causing nosocomial and community-acquired infections worldwide. The MIC was determined by the broth microdilution method, and the effect of combinations was evaluated through fractional inhibitory concentration indices (FICI). The mechanism behind this synergy was also investigated by using fluorescence spectroscopy and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The MICs of hinokitiol alone against most S. aureus strains were 32 μg/mL. Selectively synergistic activities (FICIs of ≤0.5) were observed for combinations of this phytochemical with tetracyclines against all tested strains of S. aureus. Importantly, hinokitiol at 1 μg/mL completely or partially reversed tetracycline resistance in staphylococcal isolates. The increased accumulation of tetracycline inside S. aureus in the presence of hinokitiol was observed. In addition, hinokitiol promoted the uptake of ethidium bromide (EB) in bacterial cells without membrane depolarization, suggesting that it may be an efflux pump inhibitor. IMPORTANCE The disease caused by S. aureus is a public health issue due to the continuing emergence of drug-resistant strains, particularly methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). Tetracyclines, one of the old classes of antimicrobials, have been used for the treatment of infections caused by S. aureus. However, the increased resistance to tetracyclines together with their toxicity have limited their use in the clinic. Here, we demonstrated that the combination of hinokitiol and tetracyclines displayed synergistic antibacterial activity against S. aureus, including tetracycline-resistant strains and MRSA, offering a potential alternative approach for the treatment of infections caused by this bacterium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Yan Le
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Jian Ye
- Department of Dermatology, Third People’s Hospital of Hangzhou, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jian Xu
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lei Li
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xi-Qing Feng
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ni-Pi Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bing-Qi Zhu
- College of Medical Technology, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Shan Ding
- College of Medical Technology, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chao-Dong Qian
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
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Gong S, Lv R, Fan Y, Shi Y, Zhang M. The potential mechanism of Bletilla striata in the treatment of ulcerative colitis determined through network pharmacology, molecular docking, and in vivo experimental verification. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2022; 396:983-1000. [PMID: 36576506 PMCID: PMC9795151 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-022-02370-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic nonspecific intestinal inflammatory disease, which belongs to a subtype of inflammatory bowel disease, but still lacks effective drug treatment. Bletilla striata (B. striata) is one of the most valuable traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) in China, can stop bleeding, can promote wound healing, and can regulate immunity. Based on data mining, B. striata was found to be a common TCM for the treatment of UC, but the exact therapeutic mechanism is not yet known. This study aims to explore the potential mechanisms of B. striata in the treatment of UC using network pharmacology, molecular docking techniques, and in vivo experimental research. We extracted the active ingredients and targets of B. striata from the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology (TCMSP) database and analysis platform. We retrieved and screened the corresponding UC-related target genes in multiple databases. Subsequently, we constructed an herb-ingredient-target-disease-network, generated a protein-protein interaction network, performed Gene Ontology enrichment analysis, and performed Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis to identify potential treatment mechanisms. After screening for key active ingredients and target genes, we performed molecular docking using AutoDock Vina software to select the best binding target for molecular docking and validate the binding activity. The UC model was established in mice, and the results of network pharmacology and molecular docking were verified by in vivo experiments. In all, 5 compounds were obtained from the TCMSP database, and 74 UC-related pathogenic genes were obtained from GeneCards, DisGeNET, OMIM, TTD, and DrugBank. After KEGG enrichment analysis, pathways in cancer, the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT signalling pathway, and metabolic pathways were identified as the top three signalling pathways associated with UC treatment. The results of molecular docking showed that the active components of B. striata have good binding activities to the pivotal targets epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and PIK3CA. In a dextran sulphate sodium-induced colitis model, we found that B. striata can alleviate the symptoms of UC, decrease the secretion of the inflammatory cytokines interleukin-6 and tumour necrosis factor-α, and downregulate the expression levels of EGFR, PIK3CA, and p-AKT. In conclusion, the treatment of UC with B. striata may alleviate the inflammatory response of the colon, and B. striata mainly inhibits the EGFR/PI3K/AKT signalling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Gong
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, No. 219 Mo Ganshan Road, Xihu District, Hangzhou, 310000 Zhejiang Province China
| | - Ronghua Lv
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, No. 219 Mo Ganshan Road, Xihu District, Hangzhou, 310000 Zhejiang Province China
| | - Yihong Fan
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310006 Zhejiang Province China
| | - Yichun Shi
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, No. 219 Mo Ganshan Road, Xihu District, Hangzhou, 310000 Zhejiang Province China
| | - Mieqing Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, No. 219 Mo Ganshan Road, Xihu District, Hangzhou, 310000 Zhejiang Province China
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Sharma S, Pandey LM. Biodegradation kinetics of binary mixture of hexadecane and phenanthrene by the bacterial microconsortium. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 358:127408. [PMID: 35667530 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Crude oil bioremediation requires a correct selection of potential biodegraders to address the hazard. The present study investigates biodegradation kinetics of single aliphatic (Hexadecane, HEX), aromatic (Phenanthrene, PHE), and binary mixture (HEX + PHE) as co-contaminants by axenic cultures of A. fabrum SLAJ 731, B. subtilis RSL2 and P. aeruginosa P7815 and their consortium. A proposed integrated kinetic model combining first-order exponential decay and the Monod equation is well-fitted to degradation data. Maximum degradations of both the substrates were observed for microcosm, indicating synergistic effects of selected strains. The degradation rate indicated parallel utilization of HEX while serial utilization of PHE by selected strains. Maximum HEX and PHE degradations of 92.4 and 88.7 % were achieved by microconsortium, which increased to 97.2 and 91.9 % for the binary mixture. The biodegradation efficiencies of HEX and PHE were linearly correlated with Alkane hydroxylase and Catechol-2,3-dioxygenase activities, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Sharma
- Bio-interface & Environmental Engineering Lab, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Lalit M Pandey
- Bio-interface & Environmental Engineering Lab, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam 781039, India.
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Ghazal F, Farooq S, Wahab AT, Maharjan R, Zafar H, Siddiqui H, Shafi S, Choudhary MI. Identification of quinoline derivatives as growth inhibitors of MDR pathogen Klebsiella pneumoniae. Future Microbiol 2022; 17:843-859. [PMID: 35796056 DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2021-0111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims: This study was aimed to identify compounds with significant inhibitory potential against multidrug-resistant (MDR), multidrug-sensitive, and clinical isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae. Materials & methods: Antibacterial activity of the nitroquinoline derivatives was assessed by micro-plate Alamar Blue assay. Results: Nitroquinoline derivatives 9, 11 and 14 showed inhibitory activity against MDR K. pneumoniae. Docking studies of these compounds with topoisomerase IV of K. pneumonia indicated the interactions of these compounds at the active site residues of enzyme near to cofactor (Mg+2). Furthermore, compound 11 was identified as a reactive oxygen species (ROS) inducer. None of the compounds showed hemolytic effect. Conclusion: This study was designed to identify compounds active against MDR K. pneumoniae which causes infections, such as pneumonia and urinary tract infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzeen Ghazal
- HEJ Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Saba Farooq
- Dr Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center of Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Atia-Tul Wahab
- Dr Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center of Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Rukesh Maharjan
- HEJ Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Humaira Zafar
- Dr Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center of Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Hina Siddiqui
- HEJ Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Sara Shafi
- HEJ Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - M I Choudhary
- HEJ Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan.,Dr Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center of Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan.,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
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Huseynzada A, Mori M, Meneghetti F, Israyilova A, Tuzun G, Sayin K, Chiarelli L, Mutlu C, Demiralp M, Hasanova U, Abbasov V. Synthesis, crystal structure, Hirshfeld surface, computational and antibacterial studies of a 9-phenanthrenecarboxaldehyde-based thiodihydropyrimidine derivative. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.133571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Huang XJ, Xiong N, Chen BC, Luo F, Huang M, Ding ZS, Qian CD. The Antibacterial Properties of 4, 8, 4', 8'-Tetramethoxy (1,1'-biphenanthrene) -2,7,2',7'-Tetrol from Fibrous Roots of Bletilla striata. Indian J Microbiol 2021; 61:195-202. [PMID: 33927460 DOI: 10.1007/s12088-021-00932-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Biphenanthrene compound, 4, 8, 4', 8'-tetramethoxy (1, 1'-biphenanthrene)-2, 7, 2', 7'-tetrol (LF05), recently isolated from fibrous roots of Bletilla striata, exhibits antibacterial activity against several Gram-positive bacteria. In this study, we investigated the antibacterial properties, potential mode of action and cytotoxicity. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) tests showed LF05 was active against all tested Gram-positive strains, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and staphylococcal clinical isolates. Minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) tests demonstrated LF05 was bactericidal against S. aureus ATCC 29213 and Bacillus subtilis 168 whereas bacteriostatic against S. aureus ATCC 43300, WX 0002, and other strains of S. aureus. Time-kill assays further confirmed these observations. The flow cytometric assay indicated that LF05 damaged the cell membrane of S. aureus ATCC 29213 and B. subtilis 168. Consistent with this finding, 4 × MIC of LF05 caused release of ATP in B. subtilis 168 within 10 min. Checkerboard test demonstrated LF05 exhibited additive effect when combined with vancomycin, erythromycin and berberine. The addition of rat plasma or bovine serum albumin to bacterial cultures caused significantly loss in antibacterial activity of LF05. Interestingly, LF05 was highly toxic to several tumor cells. Results of these studies indicate that LF05 is bactericidal against some Gram-positive bacteria and acts as a membrane structure disruptor. The application of biphenanthrene in the treatment of S. aureus infection, especially local infection, deserves further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Jiao Huang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053 Zhejiang People's Republic of China
| | - Nan Xiong
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053 Zhejiang People's Republic of China
| | - Bo-Chen Chen
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053 Zhejiang People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Luo
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053 Zhejiang People's Republic of China
| | - Min Huang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053 Zhejiang People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Shan Ding
- Institute of Medical Technology, College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053 Zhejiang People's Republic of China
| | - Chao-Dong Qian
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053 Zhejiang People's Republic of China
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Chen BC, Ding ZS, Dai JS, Chen NP, Gong XW, Ma LF, Qian CD. New Insights Into the Antibacterial Mechanism of Cryptotanshinone, a Representative Diterpenoid Quinone From Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:647289. [PMID: 33717044 PMCID: PMC7950322 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.647289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The rapid rise of antibiotic resistance causes an urgent need for new antimicrobial agents with unique and different mechanisms of action. The respiratory chain is one such target involved in the redox balance and energy metabolism. As a natural quinone compound isolated from the root of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge, cryptotanshinone (CT) has been previously demonstrated against a wide range of Gram-positive bacteria including multidrug-resistant pathogens. Although superoxide radicals induced by CT are proposed to play an important role in the antibacterial effect of this agent, its mechanism of action is still unclear. In this study, we have shown that CT is a bacteriostatic agent rather than a bactericidal agent. Metabolome analysis suggested that CT might act as an antibacterial agent targeting the cell membrane. CT did not cause severe damage to the bacterial membrane but rapidly dissipated membrane potential, implying that this compound could be a respiratory chain inhibitor. Oxygen consumption analysis in staphylococcal membrane vesicles implied that CT acted as respiratory chain inhibitor probably by targeting type II NADH:quinone dehydrogenase (NDH-2). Molecular docking study suggested that the compound would competitively inhibit the binding of quinone to NDH-2. Consistent with the hypothesis, the antimicrobial activity of CT was blocked by menaquinone, and the combination of CT with thioridazine but not 2-n-heptyl-4-hydroxyquinoline-N-oxide exerted synergistic activity against Staphylococcus aureus. Additionally, combinations of CT with other inhibitors targeting different components of the bacterial respiratory chain exhibit potent synergistic activities against S. aureus, suggesting a promising role in combination therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Chen Chen
- College of Life Science, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Shan Ding
- College of Medical Technology, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jian-Sheng Dai
- College of Life Science, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ni-Pi Chen
- College of Life Science, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xing-Wen Gong
- Department of Biological Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lie-Feng Ma
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chao-Dong Qian
- College of Life Science, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
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Phanchana M, Phetruen T, Harnvoravongchai P, Raksat P, Ounjai P, Chankhamhaengdecha S, Janvilisri T. Repurposing a platelet aggregation inhibitor ticagrelor as an antimicrobial against Clostridioides difficile. Sci Rep 2020; 10:6497. [PMID: 32300130 PMCID: PMC7162883 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-63199-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug resistance in Clostridioides difficile becomes a public health concern worldwide, especially as the hypervirulent strains show decreased susceptibility to the first-line antibiotics for C. difficile treatment. Therefore, the simultaneous discovery and development of new compounds to fight this pathogen are urgently needed. In order to determinate new drugs active against C. difficile, we identified ticagrelor, utilized for the prevention of thrombotic events, as exhibiting potent growth-inhibitory activity against C. difficile. Whole-cell growth inhibition assays were performed and compared to vancomycin and metronidazole, followed by determining time-kill kinetics against C. difficile. Activities against biofilm formation and spore germination were also evaluated. Leakage analyses and electron microscopy were applied to confirm the disruption of membrane structure. Finally, ticagrelor's ability to synergize with vancomycin and metronidazole was determined using checkerboard assays. Our data showed that ticagrelor exerted activity with a MIC range of 20-40 µg/mL against C. difficile. This compound also exhibited an inhibitory effect on biofilm formation and spore germination. Additionally, ticagrelor did not interact with vancomycin nor metronidazole. Our findings revealed for the first time that ticagrelor could be further developed as a new antimicrobial agent for fighting against C. difficile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Phanchana
- Department of Molecular Tropical Medicine and Genetics, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Tanaporn Phetruen
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | | | - Ponlawoot Raksat
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Puey Ounjai
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | | | - Tavan Janvilisri
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand.
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11
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Xu D, Pan Y, Chen J. Chemical Constituents, Pharmacologic Properties, and Clinical Applications of Bletilla striata. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:1168. [PMID: 31736742 PMCID: PMC6838137 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Bletilla striata is a plant from the Orchidaceae family that has been employed as a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) for thousands of years in China. Here, we briefly review the published studies of the last 30 years that were related to chemical constituents, pharmacologic activities, and clinical applications of B. striata. Approximately 158 compounds have been extracted from B. striata tubers with clarified molecular structures that were classified as glucosides, bibenzyls, phenanthrenes, quinones, biphenanthrenes, dihydrophenanthrenes, anthocyanins, steroids, triterpenoids, and phenolic acids. These chemicals support the pharmacological properties of hemostasis and wound healing, and also exhibit anti-oxidation, anti-cancer, anti-viral, and anti-bacterial activities. Additionally, various clinical trials conducted on B. striata have demonstrated its marked activities as an embolizing and mucosa-protective agent, and its application for use in novel biomaterials, quality control, and toxicology. It also has been widely used as a constituent of many preparations in TCM formulations, but because there are insufficient studies on its clinical properties, its efficacy and safety cannot be established from a scientific point of view. We hope that this review will provide reference for further research and development of this unique plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delin Xu
- Department of Cell Biology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Yinchi Pan
- Department of Cell Biology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Jishuang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
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