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Howard EJ, Meyer RK, Weninger SN, Martinez T, Wachsmuth HR, Pignitter M, Auñon-Lopez A, Kangath A, Duszka K, Gu H, Schiro G, Laubtiz D, Duca FA. Impact of Plant-Based Dietary Fibers on Metabolic Homeostasis in High-Fat Diet Mice via Alterations in the Gut Microbiota and Metabolites. J Nutr 2024; 154:2014-2028. [PMID: 38735572 PMCID: PMC11282473 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The gut microbiota contributes to metabolic disease, and diet shapes the gut microbiota, emphasizing the need to better understand how diet impacts metabolic disease via gut microbiota alterations. Fiber intake is linked with improvements in metabolic homeostasis in rodents and humans, which is associated with changes in the gut microbiota. However, dietary fiber is extremely heterogeneous, and it is imperative to comprehensively analyze the impact of various plant-based fibers on metabolic homeostasis in an identical setting and compare the impact of alterations in the gut microbiota and bacterially derived metabolites from different fiber sources. OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to analyze the impact of different plant-based fibers (pectin, β-glucan, wheat dextrin, resistant starch, and cellulose as a control) on metabolic homeostasis through alterations in the gut microbiota and its metabolites in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice. METHODS HFD-fed mice were supplemented with 5 different fiber types (pectin, β-glucan, wheat dextrin, resistant starch, or cellulose as a control) at 10% (wt/wt) for 18 wk (n = 12/group), measuring body weight, adiposity, indirect calorimetry, glucose tolerance, and the gut microbiota and metabolites. RESULTS Only β-glucan supplementation during HFD-feeding decreased adiposity and body weight gain and improved glucose tolerance compared with HFD-cellulose, whereas all other fibers had no effect. This was associated with increased energy expenditure and locomotor activity in mice compared with HFD-cellulose. All fibers supplemented into an HFD uniquely shifted the intestinal microbiota and cecal short-chain fatty acids; however, only β-glucan supplementation increased cecal butyrate concentrations. Lastly, all fibers altered the small-intestinal microbiota and portal bile acid composition. CONCLUSIONS These findings demonstrate that β-glucan consumption is a promising dietary strategy for metabolic disease, possibly via increased energy expenditure through alterations in the gut microbiota and bacterial metabolites in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth J Howard
- School of Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Rachel K Meyer
- School of Nutritional Sciences and Wellness, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Savanna N Weninger
- Department of Physiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Taylor Martinez
- Department of Physiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Hallie R Wachsmuth
- Department of Physiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Marc Pignitter
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Arturo Auñon-Lopez
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Vienna Doctoral School in Chemistry (DoSChem), Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Archana Kangath
- School of Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Kalina Duszka
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Haiwei Gu
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Gabriele Schiro
- PANDA Core for Genomics and Microbiome Research, Steele Children's Research Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Daniel Laubtiz
- PANDA Core for Genomics and Microbiome Research, Steele Children's Research Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Frank A Duca
- School of Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States; BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States.
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Zhu R, Lei Y, Wang S, Zhang J, Mengjiao Lv, Jiang R, Zhou J, Li T, Guo L. Plantago consumption significantly reduces total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutr Res 2024; 126:123-137. [PMID: 38688104 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2024.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Plantago is rich in soluble fiber, known for its beneficial health effects. Given this, we hypothesized that Plantago consumption might positively influence blood lipid in adults. Researchers have conducted numerous randomized controlled trials (RCTs), revealing the impacts of Plantago consumption on various blood lipid parameters. However, findings regarding specific blood lipid parameters have shown variability. This study aimed to comprehensively assess the effect of Plantago consumption on blood lipid parameters. Eligible studies evaluating the effects of Plantago consumption on blood lipid were searched in 5 electronic databases published up to August 2023. Analysis used a random effects model to determine weighted mean difference and 95% confidence intervals. In total, 29 RCTs including 2769 participants were included. Compared with the control group, Plantago consumption significantly reduced total cholesterol (TC) by 0.28 mmol/L and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) by 0.35 mmol/L, correlating to an estimated 7% decrease in cardiovascular event risk. Conversely, no substantial effects were observed on high-density lipoprotein cholesterol or triglycerides. Subgroup analyses of 29 RCTs revealed that TC concentrations were significantly lowered in studies that included male participants, those who were healthy, or had lipid disorders. Additionally, TC and LDL-C were significantly lower in participants consuming Plantago husk or psyllium, and soluble fiber intake was specifically effective in lowering TC, LDL-C, and triglycerides. In conclusion, Plantago consumption can significantly lower TC and LDL-C concentrations. The findings will provide crucial insights into the potential of Plantago in dietary strategies for blood lipid management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiting Zhu
- Department of Rehabilitation, School of Nursing, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China, 130021
| | - Yangyang Lei
- Department of Rehabilitation, School of Nursing, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China, 130021
| | - Saikun Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation, School of Nursing, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China, 130021
| | - Jingyi Zhang
- College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China, 130062
| | - Mengjiao Lv
- Department of Rehabilitation, School of Nursing, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China, 130021
| | - Ruixue Jiang
- Department of Rehabilitation, School of Nursing, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China, 130021
| | - Jinjian Zhou
- Department of Rehabilitation, School of Nursing, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China, 130021
| | - Tianshu Li
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China, 130021
| | - Lirong Guo
- Department of Rehabilitation, School of Nursing, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China, 130021.
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Salavati Schmitz S, Salgado JPA, Glendinning L. Microbiota of healthy dogs demonstrate a significant decrease in richness and changes in specific bacterial groups in response to supplementation with resistant starch, but not psyllium or methylcellulose, in a randomized cross-over trial. Access Microbiol 2024; 6:000774.v4. [PMID: 38868374 PMCID: PMC11165627 DOI: 10.1099/acmi.0.000774.v4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Even though dietary fibres are often used as prebiotic supplements in dogs, the effect of individual types of fibres on canine microbiota composition is unknown. The objective of this study was to assess changes in faecal microbiota richness, diversity and taxonomic abundance with three different fibre supplements in dogs. These were psyllium husk, resistant starch from banana flour and methylcellulose. They were administered to 17 healthy dogs in a cross-over trial after transition to the same complete feed. Faecal scores and clinical activity indices were recorded, and faecal samples were collected before and at the end of supplementation, as well as 2 weeks after each supplement (washout). Illumina NovaSeq paired-end 16S rRNA gene sequencing was performed on all samples. After quality control and chimera removal, alpha diversity indices were calculated with QIIME. Differences in specific taxa between groups were identified using Metastats. Methylcellulose significantly increased faecal scores but had no effect on microbiota. Psyllium resulted in minor changes in the abundance of specific taxa, but with questionable biological significance. Resistant starch reduced microbiota richness and resulted in the most abundant changes in taxa, mostly a reduction in short-chain fatty acid-producing genera of the phylum Bacillota, with an increase in genera within the Bacteroidota, Pseudomonadota, Actinomycetota and Saccharibacteria. In conclusion, while psyllium and methylcellulose led to few changes in the microbiota composition, the taxonomic changes seen with resistant starch may indicate a less favourable composition. Based on this, the type of resistant starch used here cannot be recommended as a prebiotic in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silke Salavati Schmitz
- Hospital for Small Animals, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine,, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Campus, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Jorge Perez-Accino Salgado
- Hospital for Small Animals, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine,, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Campus, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Laura Glendinning
- The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Campus, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, UK
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4
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Ghajavand B, Avesani C, Stenvinkel P, Bruchfeld A. Unlocking the Potential of Brewers' Spent Grain: A Sustainable Model to Use Beer for Better Outcome in Chronic Kidney Disease. J Ren Nutr 2024:S1051-2276(24)00057-8. [PMID: 38621435 DOI: 10.1053/j.jrn.2024.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
The rising global incidence of chronic inflammatory diseases calls for innovative and sustainable medical solutions. Brewers' spent grain (BSG), a byproduct of beer production, presents a unique opportunity in this regard. This review explores the multifaceted health benefits of BSG, with a focus on managing chronic kidney disease (CKD). BSG is identified as a potent prebiotic with potential as a therapeutic agent in CKD. We emphasize the role of gut dysbiosis in CKD and discuss how BSG could help mitigate metabolic derangements resulting from dysbiosis and CKD. Fermentation of BSG further enhances its positive impact on gut health. Incorporating fermented BSG as a key component in preventive health care could promote a more sustainable and healthier future. By optimizing the use of this typically discarded byproduct, we can align proactive health-care strategies with responsible resource management, benefiting both people and the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babak Ghajavand
- Department of Renal Medicine, Linköping University Hospital, Linköping, Sweden.
| | - Carla Avesani
- Department of Renal Medicine, CLINTEC, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peter Stenvinkel
- Department of Renal Medicine, CLINTEC, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Annette Bruchfeld
- Department of Renal Medicine, CLINTEC, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Division of Diagnostics and Specialist Medicine, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
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5
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Cantu-Jungles TM, Hamaker BR. Tuning Expectations to Reality: Don't Expect Increased Gut Microbiota Diversity with Dietary Fiber. J Nutr 2023; 153:3156-3163. [PMID: 37690780 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Dietary approaches, particularly those including fiber supplementation, can be used to promote health benefits by shaping gut microbial communities. Whereas community diversity measures, such as richness and evenness, are often used in microbial ecology to make sense of these complex and vast microbial ecosystems, it is less clear how these concepts apply when dietary fiber supplementation is given. In this perspective, we summarize and demonstrate how factors including experimental approach, number of bacteria sharing a dietary fiber, and initial relative abundances of bacteria that use a fiber can significantly affect diversity outcomes in fiber fermentation studies. We also show that a reduction in alpha diversity is possible, and perhaps expected, for most approaches that use fermentable fibers to beneficially shape the gut microbial community while still achieving health-related improvements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thaisa M Cantu-Jungles
- Department of Food Science, Whistler Center for Carbohydrate Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States.
| | - Bruce R Hamaker
- Department of Food Science, Whistler Center for Carbohydrate Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
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6
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Suresh H, Mikhael M, Ho V, Zhou J. A HPLC-ESI-Q-ToF-MS Method for the Analysis of Monomer Constituents in PHGG, Gum Arabic And Psyllium Husk Prebiotic Dietary Fibre Supplements. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2022.2096064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Harsha Suresh
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, Australia
- Gastrointestinal Motility Disorders Unit, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, Australia
| | - Meena Mikhael
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, Australia
- Mass Spectrometry Unit Research Services, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, Australia
| | - Vincent Ho
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, Australia
- Gastrointestinal Motility Disorders Unit, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, Australia
- University Medical Clinic of Camden & Campbelltown (UMCCC), Campbelltown, Australia
| | - Jerry Zhou
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, Australia
- Gastrointestinal Motility Disorders Unit, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, Australia
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7
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Holmes ZC, Tang H, Liu C, Bush A, Neubert BC, Jiao Y, Covington M, Cardona DM, Kirtley MC, Chen BJ, Chao NJ, David LA, Sung AD. Prebiotic galactooligosaccharides interact with mouse gut microbiota to attenuate acute graft-versus-host disease. Blood 2022; 140:2300-2304. [PMID: 35930748 PMCID: PMC10653043 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2021015178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies suggest that gut microbiome disruption induced by chemotherapy, dietary deficiencies, and/or antibiotics are associated with increased incidence of acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). In a murine model of antibiotic-induced gut microbiome disruption, Holmes and colleagues show that oral administration of galactooligosaccharides (GOS) as a prebiotic attenuates lethal aGVHD, highlighting the crosstalk between diet and gut microbiota. Their data encourage clinical trials of GOS prebiotic diets during HSCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary C. Holmes
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University, Durham, NC
| | - Helen Tang
- Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC
| | - Congxiao Liu
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC
| | - Amy Bush
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC
| | - Benjamin C. Neubert
- Program in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Duke University, Durham, NC
| | - Yiqun Jiao
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC
| | - Megan Covington
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC
| | | | - Michelle C. Kirtley
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University, Durham, NC
| | - Benny J. Chen
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC
- Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, NC
| | - Nelson J. Chao
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC
- Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, NC
| | - Lawrence A. David
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University, Durham, NC
- Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC
- Program in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Duke University, Durham, NC
- Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC
- Duke Microbiome Center, Duke University, Durham, NC
| | - Anthony D. Sung
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC
- Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, NC
- Duke Microbiome Center, Duke University, Durham, NC
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8
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Zhang Y, Wang C, Su W, Jiang Z, He H, Gong T, Kai L, Xu H, Wang Y, Lu Z. Co-fermented yellow wine lees by Bacillus subtilis and Enterococcus faecium regulates growth performance and gut microbiota in finishing pigs. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1003498. [PMID: 36338073 PMCID: PMC9633856 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1003498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Fermented yellow wine lees (FYWL) are widely used to increase feed utilization and improve pig performance. Based on the preparation of co-FYWL using Bacillus subtilis and Enterococcus faecalis, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of co-FYWL on growth performance, gut microbiota, meat quality, and immune status of finishing pigs. 75 pigs were randomized to 3 treatments (5 replicates/treatment), basal diet (Control), a basal diet supplemented with 4%FYWL, and a basal diet supplemented with 8%FYWL, for 50 days each. Results showed that the 8% FYWL group significantly reduced the F/G and increased the average daily weight gain of pigs compared to the control group. In addition, 8% FYWL improved the richness of Lactobacillus and B. subtilis in the gut, which correlated with growth performance, serum immune parameters, and meat quality. Furthermore, acetate and butyrate in the feces were improved in the FYWL group. Simultaneously, FYWL improved the volatile flavor substances of meat, increased the content of flavor amino acids, and played a positive role in the palatability of meat. In addition, FYWL increased serum IgA, IgM, IL-4 and IL-10 levels. Overall, the growth performance, the gut microbiota associated with fiber degradation, meat quality, and immune status were improved in the 8% FYWL group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Green Feed and Healthy Breeding, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Feed Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Green Feed and Healthy Breeding, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Feed Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Weifa Su
- National Engineering Research Center for Green Feed and Healthy Breeding, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Feed Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zipeng Jiang
- National Engineering Research Center for Green Feed and Healthy Breeding, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Feed Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Huan He
- National Engineering Research Center for Green Feed and Healthy Breeding, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Feed Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tao Gong
- National Engineering Research Center for Green Feed and Healthy Breeding, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Feed Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lixia Kai
- National Engineering Research Center for Green Feed and Healthy Breeding, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Feed Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Huangen Xu
- National Engineering Research Center for Green Feed and Healthy Breeding, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Feed Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yizhen Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Green Feed and Healthy Breeding, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Feed Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zeqing Lu
- National Engineering Research Center for Green Feed and Healthy Breeding, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Feed Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Li J, Zhang S, Gu X, Xie J, Zhu X, Wang Y, Shan T. Effects of alfalfa levels on carcass traits, meat quality, fatty acid composition, amino acid profile, and gut microflora composition of Heigai pigs. Front Nutr 2022; 9:975455. [PMID: 36245526 PMCID: PMC9566568 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.975455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent years have witnessed a dramatic increase in the demand for healthy and high-quality pork. Alfalfa, one of the most popular perennial forages, is considered a rich source of highly nutritional forage for livestock feed, as it contains over 90% insoluble dietary fiber. Nevertheless, there is a paucity of data confirming the effects of adding alfalfa on pork quality, amino acid composition, and intestinal microbiota composition. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the effects of different dietary levels of alfalfa on carcass traits, meat quality, amino acid and fatty acid composition, and the intestinal microbiota of Heigai pigs. A total of 72 finishing Heigai pigs were randomly assigned to two groups (n = 36), with six replicate groups and six pigs per replication. The two experimental diets were formulated to include graded levels of alfalfa, 20% (AM20) and 30% (AM30). The results showed that adding 30% alfalfa meal did not affect the growth performance of Heigai pigs but significantly reduced backfat thickness (P < 0.05), pH (P < 0.05), increased the a* value, b* value, and flavor amino acid and essential amino acid contents in longissimus dorsi muscle (LDM). In addition, AM30 didn't affect colonic microbiota abundance but significantly reduced the relative abundances of three phyla, such as Verrucomicrobia, and 43 genera, such as Akkermansia, and significantly increased the relative abundances of 47 genera, such as Prevotella-2. Overall, these results advocate for a diet containing 30% alfalfa to improve meat quality by changing the intestinal microflora composition without affecting the growth performance of Heigai pigs, which provides compelling evidence for the use of alfalfa to relieve the pressure on corn and soybean meal demand and produce high-quality pork.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- Institute of Feed Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang Univeristy, Hangzhou, China
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shu Zhang
- Institute of Feed Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang Univeristy, Hangzhou, China
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xin Gu
- Institute of Feed Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang Univeristy, Hangzhou, China
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jintang Xie
- Shandong Chunteng Food Co. Ltd., Zaozhuang, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaodong Zhu
- Shandong Chunteng Food Co. Ltd., Zaozhuang, Shandong, China
| | - Yizhen Wang
- Institute of Feed Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang Univeristy, Hangzhou, China
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tizhong Shan
- Institute of Feed Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang Univeristy, Hangzhou, China
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- *Correspondence: Tizhong Shan
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10
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Tavakoli A, Markoulli M, Papas E, Flanagan J. The Impact of Probiotics and Prebiotics on Dry Eye Disease Signs and Symptoms. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11164889. [PMID: 36013128 PMCID: PMC9409742 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11164889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Dry eye is considered an inflammatory disease. Gut microbiota are important in the regulation of low-grade chronic inflammation, including in the eye. Probiotics and prebiotics are increasingly used to regulate chronic-disease-associated gut dysbiosis. Therefore, this double-masked, randomized controlled clinical trial aimed to explore the potential of oral probiotics and prebiotics in the management of dry eye disease. In total, 41 participants with dry eye received probiotic and prebiotic supplements (treatment group, n = 23) or respective placebos (control group, n = 18) for 4 months. Dry eye symptoms and signs were evaluated using the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI), Dry Eye Questionnaire 5, osmolarity, non-invasive keratograph break-up time (NIKBUT), ocular surface staining, tear meniscus height (TMH), lipid layer thickness, and conjunctival redness. After 4 months, the average OSDI score of the treatment group was significantly better compared to that of the controls (16.8 ± 5.9 vs. 23.4 ± 7.4; p < 0.001). The NIKBUT and TMH did not change significantly with treatment (p = 0.31 and p = 0.84) but reduced significantly for controls on average by −5.5 ± 1.0 secs (p = 0.03) and 0.2 ± 0.1 mm (p = 0.02). These data suggest that probiotics and prebiotics might be effective in the management of dry eye disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azadeh Tavakoli
- Brien Holden Vision Institute, Sydney 2052, Australia
- School of Optometry, Vision Science University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
- Correspondence:
| | - Maria Markoulli
- School of Optometry, Vision Science University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Eric Papas
- School of Optometry, Vision Science University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Judith Flanagan
- School of Optometry, Vision Science University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
- Vision CRC, Sydney 2052, Australia
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Holmes ZC, Villa MM, Durand HK, Jiang S, Dallow EP, Petrone BL, Silverman JD, Lin PH, David LA. Microbiota responses to different prebiotics are conserved within individuals and associated with habitual fiber intake. MICROBIOME 2022; 10:114. [PMID: 35902900 PMCID: PMC9336045 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-022-01307-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) derived from gut bacteria are associated with protective roles in diseases ranging from obesity to colorectal cancers. Intake of microbially accessible dietary fibers (prebiotics) lead to varying effects on SCFA production in human studies, and gut microbial responses to nutritional interventions vary by individual. It is therefore possible that prebiotic therapies will require customizing to individuals. RESULTS Here, we explored prebiotic personalization by conducting a three-way crossover study of three prebiotic treatments in healthy adults. We found that within individuals, metabolic responses were correlated across the three prebiotics. Individual identity, rather than prebiotic choice, was also the major determinant of SCFA response. Across individuals, prebiotic response was inversely related to basal fecal SCFA concentration, which, in turn, was associated with habitual fiber intake. Experimental measures of gut microbial SCFA production for each participant also negatively correlated with fiber consumption, supporting a model in which individuals' gut microbiota are limited in their overall capacity to produce fecal SCFAs from fiber. CONCLUSIONS Our findings support developing personalized prebiotic regimens that focus on selecting individuals who stand to benefit, and that such individuals are likely to be deficient in fiber intake. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary C. Holmes
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University, 3 Genome Court, Durham, NC 27705 USA
| | - Max M. Villa
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University, 3 Genome Court, Durham, NC 27705 USA
- Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University, 3 Genome Court, Durham, NC 27705 USA
| | - Heather K. Durand
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University, 3 Genome Court, Durham, NC 27705 USA
- Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University, 3 Genome Court, Durham, NC 27705 USA
| | - Sharon Jiang
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University, 3 Genome Court, Durham, NC 27705 USA
- Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University, 3 Genome Court, Durham, NC 27705 USA
| | - Eric P. Dallow
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University, 3 Genome Court, Durham, NC 27705 USA
- Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University, 3 Genome Court, Durham, NC 27705 USA
| | - Brianna L. Petrone
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University, 3 Genome Court, Durham, NC 27705 USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Duke University, 3 Genome Court, Durham, NC 27705 USA
| | - Justin D. Silverman
- College of Information Science and Technology, Penn State University, Westgate Bldg, University Park, PA 16802 USA
- Department of Medicine, Penn State University, Hershey, Westgate Bldg, University Park, PA 16802 USA
- Institute for Computational and Data Science, Penn State University, Westgate Bldg, University Park, PA 16802 USA
| | - Pao-Hwa Lin
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University, Stedman Nutrition Ctr, 3475 Erwin Rd, Durham, NC 27705 USA
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Stedman Nutrition Ctr, 3475 Erwin Rd, Durham, NC 27705 USA
| | - Lawrence A. David
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University, 3 Genome Court, Durham, NC 27705 USA
- Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University, 3 Genome Court, Durham, NC 27705 USA
- Program in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Duke University, 3 Genome Court, Durham, NC 27705 USA
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) frequently resort to natural products, or request doctors to prescribe them, to relieve their symptoms, due to the poor efficacy and tolerability of several traditional drugs. Products containing fiber are among the most used and their clinical efficacy is discussed here based on the most recent scientific evidence. AREAS COVERED A literature search was carried out to identify the most significant publications in order to deal with the topics of the general characteristics of fibers and the scientific evidence underlying their therapeutic use, the properties of ispaghula husk and the mechanisms by which this product carries out its therapeutic actions. EXPERT OPINION The most recent clinical guidelines on the management of IBS consider ispaghula husk, a product containing soluble fiber, as a reasonable first line therapy for IBS patients with symptoms. In contrast, products containing insoluble fibers, particularly wheat bran, do not appear to be useful in treating IBS symptoms. The clinical data on the use of prebiotics in IBS are still inconclusive. However, low daily amounts of fructo-oligosaccharides or β-galacto-oligosaccharides (also known as trans-galacto-oligosaccharides) may be effective in improving IBS symptoms; further trials are needed to definitively establish their clinical usefulness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Currò
- Dipartimento Di Sicurezza E Bioetica, Sezione Di Farmacologia, Università Cattolica Del Sacro Cuore - Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italia
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13
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Hao Y, Ji Z, Shen Z, Xue Y, Zhang B, Yu D, Liu T, Luo D, Xing G, Tang J, Hou S, Xie M. Increase Dietary Fiber Intake Ameliorates Cecal Morphology and Drives Cecal Species-Specific of Short-Chain Fatty Acids in White Pekin Ducks. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:853797. [PMID: 35464956 PMCID: PMC9021919 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.853797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The current study was to investigate the modulatory effects of total dietary fiber (TDF) levels on cecal morphology and the response of microbiota to maintain gut health for duck growth. A total of 192 14-day-old male white Pekin ducks were randomly allocated to three dietary groups and fed diets, containing 12.4, 14.7, and 16.2% TDF, respectively, until 35 days under the quantitative feed intake. Each dietary group consisted of eight replicate cages of eight birds. The results revealed that 14.7 and 16.2% TDF groups significantly promoted growth performance and improved villus height, the ratio of villus to crypt, muscle layer thickness, and goblet cells per villus of cecum in ducks. qPCR results showed that the transcriptional expression of Claudin-1, Muc2, IGF-1, and SLC16A1 was significantly upregulated in cecum in 14.7 and 16.2% TDF groups. Meanwhile, the concentration of IGF-1 in circulating was significantly increased in 14.7 and 16.2% TDF groups while that of DAO was significantly decreased in 16.2% TDF group. Furthermore, the concentrations of butyrate, isobutyrate, valerate, and isovalerate in cecum were conspicuously improved in 14.7 and 16.2% TDF groups while that of propionate was significantly decreased. In addition, the concentrations of butyrate, isobutyrate, valerate, and isovalerate in cecum presented negative correlations with the concentration of DAO in circulating. 16S rRNA gene sequencing results showed that the 14.7% TDF group importantly elevated the microbial richness. Simultaneously, butyrate-producing bacteria like the family Lachnospiraceae, Oscillospiraceae, and Erysipelatoclostridiaceae were enriched as biomarkers in the 16.2% TDF group. Correlation network analysis revealed that the associations between specific bacteria and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) induced by different TDF levels, and the correlations among bacteria were also witnessed. For example, the genus Monoglobus and CHKCI002 showed a positive correlation with butyrate, and there was a positively coexistent association between Monoglobus and CHKCI002. In summary, these data revealed that increasing the TDF level could enhance the cecal morphology and drive cecal species-specific of SCFAs in ducks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongsheng Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhanqing Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhongjian Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Youjia Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Daxin Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dawei Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guangnan Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shuisheng Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ming Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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Choueiry F, Xu R, Zhu J. Adaptive Metabolism of Staphylococcus aureus Revealed by Untargeted Metabolomics. J Proteome Res 2022; 21:470-481. [PMID: 35043624 PMCID: PMC9199441 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.1c00797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus (SA) is an opportunistic pathogen that can cause a wide spectrum of infections, from superficial skin inflammation to severe and potentially fatal and invasive diseases. Due to the many potential routes of infection, host-derived environmental signals (oxygen availability, nutrients, etc.) are vital for host colonization and thus contribute to SA's pathogenesis. To uncover the direct effects of environmental factors on SA metabolism, we performed a series of experiments in diverse culture environments and correlated our findings of SA's metabolic adaptation to some of the pathogen's known virulence factors. Untargeted metabolomics was conducted on a Thermo Q-Exactive high-resolution mass spectrometer. We detected 260 intracellular polar metabolites from our bacteria cultured under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions and in glucose- and dextrin-supplemented cultures. These metabolites were mapped to relevant metabolic pathways to elucidate the adaptive metabolic processes of both methicillin-sensitive SA (MSSA) and methicillin-resistant SA (MRSA). We also detected an increased expression of virulence genes agr-I and sea of MRSA supplemented with both glucose and dextrin by qPCR. With the metabolic data collected that may be associated with the adaptive growth and virulence of SA, our study could set up the foundations for future work to identify metabolic inhibitors/modulators to mitigate SA infections in different growth environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fouad Choueiry
- Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210
| | - Rui Xu
- Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210
| | - Jiangjiang Zhu
- Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210,James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, 400 W 12 th Ave, Columbus, OH, 43210,Corresponding author: Jiangjiang Zhu, Ph.D., , Tel: 614-685-2226
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15
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Zhang S, Hu J, Sun Y, Tan H, Yin J, Geng F, Nie S. Review of structure and bioactivity of the Plantago (Plantaginaceae) polysaccharides. Food Chem X 2021; 12:100158. [PMID: 34825168 PMCID: PMC8604743 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2021.100158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Plantago (Plantaginaceae) is an herbal plant, which is used in folk medicine, functional food, and dietary supplement products. Recent pharmacological and phytochemical studies have shown that polysaccharides isolated from Plantago have multiple medicinal and nutritional benefits, including improve intestinal health, hypoglycemic effect, immunomodulatory effect, etc. These health and pharmacological benefits are of great interest to the public, academia, and biotechnology industries. This paper provides an overview of recent advances in the physicochemical, structural features, and biological effects of Plantago polysaccharides and highlights the similarities and differences of the polysaccharides from different species and in different parts, including leaves, seeds, and husks. The scientific support for its use as a prebiotic is also addressed. The purpose of this review is to provide background as well as useful and up-to-date information for future research and applications of these polysaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Jielun Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Yonggan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Huizi Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Junyi Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Fang Geng
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Shaoping Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
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16
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Gleason CB, Settlage RE, Beckett LM, White RR. Characterizing Effects of Ingredients Differing in Ruminally Degradable Protein and Fiber Supplies on the Ovine Rumen Microbiome Using Next-Generation Sequencing. FRONTIERS IN ANIMAL SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fanim.2021.745848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The ratio of concentrate to forage within diets is known to alter rumen microbial profiles, but comparatively less information is available on the effect of differing sources of individual nutrients on the microbiome. The objective of this study was to investigate rumen microbial responses to diets composed of protein and fiber sources expected to vary in nutrient degradability. The responses of interest included relative abundances of bacterial taxa as well as estimations of community richness and diversity. Ten ruminally cannulated wethers (Suffolk, Dorset, or Suffolk × Dorset) received four diet treatments consisting of either beet pulp or timothy hay and soybean meal (SBM) or heat-treated soybean meal (HSBM) in a partially replicated 4 × 4 Latin square experiment for 21 days. Timothy hay and beet pulp were expected to provide differing rumen degradabilities of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) while the soybean meals were expected to provide differing rumen degradabilities of crude protein (CP). Solid and liquid samples of rumen contents were collected for microbial DNA isolation and Next-Generation sequencing. Numerous rumen bacterial population shifts were observed due to change in fiber source, with increased abundances (P < 0.05) of fibrolytic populations associated with timothy hay diets compared with beet pulp diets. Conversely, populations of the pectin-degrading genera, Treponema and Lachnospira, increased on the beet pulp treatment (P = 0.015 and P = 0.0049, respectively). Limited impact on bacterial taxa was observed between diets differing in protein source. The Paraprevotellaceae genus YRC22 was observed to increase in abundance on HSBM diets (P = 0.023) and the phylum Spirochaetes tended to be more abundant on SBM than HSBM diets (P = 0.071). Beet pulp decreased rumen bacterial diversity (P = 0.0027) and tended to decrease bacterial species richness (P = 0.051) compared to timothy hay. Our results serve to further underscore the sensitivity of rumen microbes to changes in their preferred substrates, particularly of those associated with fiber degradation.
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Therapeutic Potential of Various Plant-Based Fibers to Improve Energy Homeostasis via the Gut Microbiota. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13103470. [PMID: 34684471 PMCID: PMC8537956 DOI: 10.3390/nu13103470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is due in part to increased consumption of a Western diet that is low in dietary fiber. Conversely, an increase in fiber supplementation to a diet can have various beneficial effects on metabolic homeostasis including weight loss and reduced adiposity. Fibers are extremely diverse in source and composition, such as high-amylose maize, β-glucan, wheat fiber, pectin, inulin-type fructans, and soluble corn fiber. Despite the heterogeneity of dietary fiber, most have been shown to play a role in alleviating obesity-related health issues, mainly by targeting and utilizing the properties of the gut microbiome. Reductions in body weight, adiposity, food intake, and markers of inflammation have all been reported with the consumption of various fibers, making them a promising treatment option for the obesity epidemic. This review will highlight the current findings on different plant-based fibers as a therapeutic dietary supplement to improve energy homeostasis via mechanisms of gut microbiota.
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Cheng M, Sun Y, Wang L, Tan L, Jin H, Yan S, Li S, Xiao X. Integrative analysis of microbiome and metabolome in rats with Gest-Aid Plus Oral Liquid supplementation reveals mechanism of its healthcare function. FOOD QUALITY AND SAFETY 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/fqsafe/fyab010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objective
This study aimed to elucidate the possible mechanism of Gest-Aid Plus Oral Liquid (GAP) on healthcare function.
Method
Ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography–quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry-based metabolomics and 16S rDNA sequencing of gut microbiota were performed on serum and fecal samples of GAP and control rats. Additionally, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and inflammatory cytokines in fecal samples were determined through gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits.
Result
Metabolomics discovered 41 metabolites, which mainly involved amino acid metabolism, lipid metabolism, coenzyme factors, and vitamin metabolism. Administration of GAP increased abundance of Prevotella_9, Alloprevotella, Blautia, Phascolarctobacterium, Parabacteroides, and Fusicatenibacter, and six SCFAs were increased in the GAP group. Measurement of inflammatory cytokines showed that GAP had an anti-inflammatory effect in rats.
Conclusion
Administration of GAP greatly affects the aspartate metabolism and microecology of rats, enhances intestinal motility and gut barrier integrity and anti-inflammation. These findings not only have possible implications for further application of GAP, but also provide a link between the gut microbiome, SCFAs, inflammation and serum metabolites in rats.
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Xiao X, Fu Z, Li N, Yang H, Wang W, Lyu W. Modulation of the Intestinal Microbiota by the Early Intervention with Clostridium Butyricum in Muscovy Ducks. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10070826. [PMID: 34356746 PMCID: PMC8300754 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10070826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the effects of early intervention with Clostridium butyricum (C. butyricum) on shaping the intestinal microbiota of Muscovy ducklings. A total of 160 1-day-old male ducks were randomly divided into two groups: the CB group was administered with 1 mL of C. butyricum (2 × 109 CFU/mL), while the C group was given 1 mL of saline. The administration lasted for 3 days. We found that C. butyricum had no significant effect on growth performance. The results indicated that inoculation with C. butyricum could significantly increase the abundance of genera Bacteroides, Lachnospiraceae_uncultured, and Ruminococcaceae on Day 14 and reduce the abundance of Escherichia–Shigella and Klebsiella on Days 1 and 3. Moreover, the CB group ducks had higher concentrations of acetic, propionic, and butyrate in the cecum than the C group. Overall, these results suggest that early intervention with C. butyricum could have positive effects on Muscovy ducks’ intestinal health, which might be attributed to the modulation in the intestinal microbial composition and the increased concentrations of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). C. butyricum might even have the potential to help the colonization of beneficial bacteria in the intestine microbiota in Muscovy ducks in poultry and other livestock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingning Xiao
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Agro-Product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; (X.X.); (Z.F.); (N.L.); (H.Y.); (W.W.)
| | - Zixian Fu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Agro-Product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; (X.X.); (Z.F.); (N.L.); (H.Y.); (W.W.)
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Na Li
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Agro-Product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; (X.X.); (Z.F.); (N.L.); (H.Y.); (W.W.)
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Hua Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Agro-Product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; (X.X.); (Z.F.); (N.L.); (H.Y.); (W.W.)
| | - Wen Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Agro-Product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; (X.X.); (Z.F.); (N.L.); (H.Y.); (W.W.)
| | - Wentao Lyu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Agro-Product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; (X.X.); (Z.F.); (N.L.); (H.Y.); (W.W.)
- Correspondence:
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20
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Proton-pump inhibitors are associated with a high false-positivity rate in faecal immunochemical testing. J Gastroenterol 2021; 56:42-53. [PMID: 33159805 DOI: 10.1007/s00535-020-01738-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND False-positivity rates in faecal immunochemical test (FIT) can be affected by drug exposure. We aimed to assess the association between proton pump inhibitors (PPI) consumption and false positive (FP) results in a colorectal cancer (CRC) screening programme using electronic prescription records. METHODS A retrospective cohort study within a population-based screening program for CRC from 2010 to 2016 was performed. Participants with a conclusive FIT result and with prescription electronic data were included. An FP result was defined as having a positive FIT (≥ 20 µg haemoglobin/g faeces) and a follow-up colonoscopy without intermediate or high-risk lesions or CRC. Screening data were anonymously linked to the public data analysis program for health research and innovation (PADRIS) database that recorded patient diseases history and reimbursed medication. PPI exposure was defined as having retrieved at least one dispensation of PPI three months prior to the FIT. RESULTS A total of 89,199 tests (of 46,783 participants) were analysed, 4824 (5.4%) tested positive and the proportion of FP was 53.5%. Overall, 17,544 participants (19.7%) were PPI users prior to FIT performance. PPI exposure increased the probability of obtaining an FP FIT result from 50.4 to 63.3% (adjusted OR 1.39; 95% CI 1.18-1.65). Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, acetylsalicylic acid, antibiotics, and laxatives were also associated with an FP result. The effect of PPI was independent and showed a synergistic interaction with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. CONCLUSION PPIs increase FIT positivity at the expense of FP results. The recommendation to avoid their use before FIT performance could reduce up to 3% of colonoscopies and 9% of FP results.
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Gamage HKAH, Chong RWW, Bucio-Noble D, Kautto L, Hardikar AA, Ball MS, Molloy MP, Packer NH, Paulsen IT. Changes in dietary fiber intake in mice reveal associations between colonic mucin O-glycosylation and specific gut bacteria. Gut Microbes 2020; 12:1802209. [PMID: 32991816 PMCID: PMC7781582 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2020.1802209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The colonic mucus layer, comprised of highly O-glycosylated mucins, is vital to mediating host-gut microbiota interactions, yet the impact of dietary changes on colonic mucin O-glycosylation and its associations with the gut microbiota remains unexplored. Here, we used an array of omics techniques including glycomics to examine the effect of dietary fiber consumption on the gut microbiota, colonic mucin O-glycosylation and host physiology of high-fat diet-fed C57BL/6J mice. The high-fat diet group had significantly impaired glucose tolerance and altered liver proteome, gut microbiota composition, and short-chain fatty acid production compared to normal chow diet group. While dietary fiber inclusion did not reverse all high fat-induced modifications, it resulted in specific changes, including an increase in the relative abundance of bacterial families with known fiber digesters and a higher propionate concentration. Conversely, colonic mucin O-glycosylation remained similar between the normal chow and high-fat diet groups, while dietary fiber intervention resulted in major alterations in O-glycosylation. Correlation network analysis revealed previously undescribed associations between specific bacteria and mucin glycan structures. For example, the relative abundance of the bacterium Parabacteroides distasonis positively correlated with glycan structures containing one terminal fucose and correlated negatively with glycans containing two terminal fucose residues or with both an N-acetylneuraminic acid and a sulfate residue. This is the first comprehensive report of the impact of dietary fiber on the colonic mucin O-glycosylation and associations of these mucosal glycans with specific gut bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasinika K. A. H. Gamage
- ARC Industrial Transformation Training Centre for Molecular Technologies in the Food Industry, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia,Department of Molecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Raymond W. W. Chong
- ARC Industrial Transformation Training Centre for Molecular Technologies in the Food Industry, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia,Department of Molecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Daniel Bucio-Noble
- ARC Industrial Transformation Training Centre for Molecular Technologies in the Food Industry, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia,Department of Molecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Liisa Kautto
- ARC Industrial Transformation Training Centre for Molecular Technologies in the Food Industry, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia,Department of Molecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Anandwardhan A. Hardikar
- Islet Biology and Diabetes, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Mark P. Molloy
- ARC Industrial Transformation Training Centre for Molecular Technologies in the Food Industry, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia,Department of Molecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia,Mark P. Molloy Bowel Cancer and Biomarker Research, Kolling Institute, The University of Sydney, Australia
| | - Nicolle H. Packer
- ARC Industrial Transformation Training Centre for Molecular Technologies in the Food Industry, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia,Department of Molecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia,Nicolle H. Packer
| | - Ian T. Paulsen
- ARC Industrial Transformation Training Centre for Molecular Technologies in the Food Industry, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia,Department of Molecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia,CONTACT Ian Paulsen Department of Molecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Australia
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22
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Holmes ZC, Silverman JD, Dressman HK, Wei Z, Dallow EP, Armstrong SC, Seed PC, Rawls JF, David LA. Short-Chain Fatty Acid Production by Gut Microbiota from Children with Obesity Differs According to Prebiotic Choice and Bacterial Community Composition. mBio 2020; 11:e00914-20. [PMID: 32788375 PMCID: PMC7439474 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00914-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Pediatric obesity remains a public health burden and continues to increase in prevalence. The gut microbiota plays a causal role in obesity and is a promising therapeutic target. Specifically, the microbial production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) from the fermentation of otherwise indigestible dietary carbohydrates may protect against pediatric obesity and metabolic syndrome. Still, it has not been demonstrated that therapies involving microbiota-targeting carbohydrates, known as prebiotics, will enhance gut bacterial SCFA production in children and adolescents with obesity (age, 10 to 18 years old). Here, we used an in vitro system to examine the SCFA production by fecal microbiota from 17 children with obesity when exposed to five different commercially available over-the-counter (OTC) prebiotic supplements. We found microbiota from all 17 patients actively metabolized most prebiotics. Still, supplements varied in their acidogenic potential. Significant interdonor variation also existed in SCFA production, which 16S rRNA sequencing supported as being associated with differences in the host microbiota composition. Last, we found that neither fecal SCFA concentration, microbiota SCFA production capacity, nor markers of obesity positively correlated with one another. Together, these in vitro findings suggest the hypothesis that OTC prebiotic supplements may be unequal in their ability to stimulate SCFA production in children and adolescents with obesity and that the most acidogenic prebiotic may differ across individuals.IMPORTANCE Pediatric obesity remains a major public health problem in the United States, where 17% of children and adolescents are obese, and rates of pediatric "severe obesity" are increasing. Children and adolescents with obesity face higher health risks, and noninvasive therapies for pediatric obesity often have limited success. The human gut microbiome has been implicated in adult obesity, and microbiota-directed therapies can aid weight loss in adults with obesity. However, less is known about the microbiome in pediatric obesity, and microbiota-directed therapies are understudied in children and adolescents. Our research has two important findings: (i) dietary prebiotics (fiber) result in the microbiota from adolescents with obesity producing more SCFA, and (ii) the effectiveness of each prebiotic is donor dependent. Together, these findings suggest that prebiotic supplements could help children and adolescents with obesity, but that these therapies may not be "one size fits all."
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary C Holmes
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Justin D Silverman
- Program in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Holly K Dressman
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Duke Microbiome Shared Resource, Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Zhengzheng Wei
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Eric P Dallow
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Sarah C Armstrong
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Patrick C Seed
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - John F Rawls
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Lawrence A David
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Program in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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23
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Pu G, Li P, Du T, Niu Q, Fan L, Wang H, Liu H, Li K, Niu P, Wu C, Zhou W, Huang R. Adding Appropriate Fiber in Diet Increases Diversity and Metabolic Capacity of Distal Gut Microbiota Without Altering Fiber Digestibility and Growth Rate of Finishing Pig. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:533. [PMID: 32328041 PMCID: PMC7160236 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The digestion ability of pigs to dietary fiber is derived from their intestinal microbiota, especially hindgut microbiota. However, tolerance of pigs to high dietary fiber and the changes of microbiota profile with fiber levels are still unclear. To investigate the changes of gut microbiota with dietary fiber and its relationship with fiber digestibility, we conducted comparative analyses of growth rate, apparent fiber digestibility, gut microbiota and volatile fatty acid (VFA) profiles in Chinese Suhuai pigs feeding diets with different defatted rice bran (DFRB) fiber levels. We found that dietary fiber level had no effect on the growth rate of Suhuai pigs. Although the apparent digestibility of Cellulose, insoluble dietary fiber (IDF) and total dietary fiber (TDF) decreased with dietary fiber level, we found that the apparent digestibility of Cellulose, IDF and TDF of Suhuai pigs was not changed when provided with diet containing 19.10% TDF (as feed basis). The pigs provided with diet containing 19.10% TDF had higher microbial richness, proportions of several fiber-degrading bacteria taxa at genus level and predicted microbial functions (such as carbohydrate metabolism, energy metabolism) in cecum compared to those fed with basal diet. In addition, the fiber-induced increasing of fiber-degrading bacteria promoted the VFAs metabolism, which potentially helped Suhuai pigs to maintain growth rate. However, as TDF reached to 24.11% (as feed basis), the apparent digestibility of fiber decreased and the positive effect on intestine microbiota in caecum were absent. Together, our data suggest that appropriate fiber level could increase the diversity and metabolic capacity of distal gut microbiota to improve the utilization efficiency of fiber resources without altering the growth rate of pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang Pu
- Institute of Swine Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Huaian Academy, Nanjing Agricultural University, Huaian, China
| | - Pinghua Li
- Institute of Swine Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Huaian Academy, Nanjing Agricultural University, Huaian, China
- Industrial Technology System Integration Innovation Center of Jiangsu Modern Agriculture (PIG), Nanjing, China
- Nanjing Agricultural University’s New Rural Research and Development Corporation of Huaian City, Huaian, China
| | - Taoran Du
- Institute of Swine Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Huaian Academy, Nanjing Agricultural University, Huaian, China
| | - Qing Niu
- Institute of Swine Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lijuan Fan
- Institute of Swine Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Huaian Academy, Nanjing Agricultural University, Huaian, China
| | - Huan Wang
- Institute of Swine Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Huaian Academy, Nanjing Agricultural University, Huaian, China
| | - Hang Liu
- Institute of Swine Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Huaian Academy, Nanjing Agricultural University, Huaian, China
| | - Kaijun Li
- Institute of Swine Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Huaian Academy, Nanjing Agricultural University, Huaian, China
| | - Peipei Niu
- Huaian Academy, Nanjing Agricultural University, Huaian, China
| | - Chengwu Wu
- Industrial Technology System Integration Innovation Center of Jiangsu Modern Agriculture (PIG), Nanjing, China
- Nanjing Agricultural University’s New Rural Research and Development Corporation of Huaian City, Huaian, China
| | - Wuduo Zhou
- Institute of Swine Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Industrial Technology System Integration Innovation Center of Jiangsu Modern Agriculture (PIG), Nanjing, China
| | - Ruihua Huang
- Institute of Swine Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Huaian Academy, Nanjing Agricultural University, Huaian, China
- Industrial Technology System Integration Innovation Center of Jiangsu Modern Agriculture (PIG), Nanjing, China
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24
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Chen K, Xie K, Liu Z, Nakasone Y, Sakao K, Hossain A, Hou DX. Preventive Effects and Mechanisms of Garlic on Dyslipidemia and Gut Microbiome Dysbiosis. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11061225. [PMID: 31146458 PMCID: PMC6627858 DOI: 10.3390/nu11061225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Garlic (Allium sativum L.) contains prebiotic components, fructans, antibacterial compounds, and organosulfur compounds. The complex ingredients of garlic seem to impart a paradoxical result on the gut microbiome. In this study, we used a mouse model to clarify the effects of whole garlic on the gut microbiome. C57BL/6N male mice were fed with or without whole garlic in normal diet (ND) or in high-fat diet (HFD) for 12 weeks. Supplementation with whole garlic attenuated HFD-enhanced ratio of serum GPT/GOT (glutamic-pyruvic transaminase/glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase), levels of T-Cho (total cholesterol) and LDLs (low-density lipoproteins), and index of homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), but had no significant effect in the levels of serum HDL-c (high density lipoprotein cholesterol), TG (total triacylglycerol), and glucose. Moreover, garlic supplementation meliorated the HFD-reduced ratio of villus height/crypt depth, cecum weight, and the concentration of cecal organic acids. Finally, gut microbiota characterization by high throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed that whole garlic supplementation increased the α-diversity of the gut microbiome, especially increasing the relative abundance of f_Lachnospiraceae and reducing the relative abundance of g_Prevotella. Taken together, our data demonstrated that whole garlic supplementation could meliorate the HFD-induced dyslipidemia and disturbance of gut microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keyu Chen
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan.
| | - Kun Xie
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan.
| | - Zhuying Liu
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan.
| | | | - Kozue Sakao
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan.
- Kenkoukazoku Co., Kagoshima 892-0848, Japan.
| | - Amzad Hossain
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan.
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa 903-0213, Japan.
| | - De-Xing Hou
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan.
- Faculty of Agriculture, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan.
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25
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Shinde T, Perera AP, Vemuri R, Gondalia SV, Karpe AV, Beale DJ, Shastri S, Southam B, Eri R, Stanley R. Synbiotic Supplementation Containing Whole Plant Sugar Cane Fibre and Probiotic Spores Potentiates Protective Synergistic Effects in Mouse Model of IBD. Nutrients 2019; 11:E818. [PMID: 30979002 PMCID: PMC6521199 DOI: 10.3390/nu11040818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are a chronic inflammatory disorders with increasing global incidence. Synbiotic, which is a two-point approach carrying probiotic and prebiotic components in mitigating inflammation in IBD, is thought to be a pragmatic approach owing to the synergistic outcomes. In this study, the impacts of dietary supplementation with probiotic Bacillus coagulans MTCC5856 spores (B. coagulans) and prebiotic whole plant sugar cane fibre (PSCF) was assessed using a murine model of IBD. Eight-week-old C57BL/6 mice were fed a normal chow diet supplemented with either B. coagulans, PSCF or its synbiotic combination. After seven days of supplementation, colitis was induced with dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) in drinking water for seven days during the continuation of the supplemented diets. Synbiotic supplementation ameliorated disease activity index and histological score (-72%, 7.38, respectively), more effectively than either B. coagulans (-47%, 10.1) and PSCF (-53%, 13.0) alone. Synbiotic supplementation also significantly (p < 0.0001) prevented the expression of tight junction proteins and modulated the altered serum IL-1β (-40%), IL-10 (+26%), and C-reactive protein (CRP) (-39%) levels. Synbiotic supplementations also raised the short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) profile more extensively compared to the unsupplemented DSS-control. The synbiotic health outcome effect of the probiotic and prebiotic combinations may be associated with a synergistic direct immune-regulating efficacy of the components, their ability to protect epithelial integrity, stimulation of probiotic spores by the prebiotic fibre, and/or with stimulation of greater levels of fermentation of fibres releasing SCFAs that mediate the reduction in colonic inflammation. Our model findings suggest synbiotic supplementation should be tested in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanvi Shinde
- Centre for Food Safety and Innovation, Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS 7250, Australia.
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS 7250, Australia.
| | - Agampodi Promoda Perera
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS 7250, Australia.
| | - Ravichandra Vemuri
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS 7250, Australia.
| | - Shakuntla V Gondalia
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC 3122, Australia.
| | - Avinash V Karpe
- Land and Water, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO), Ecosciences Precinct, Dutton Park, QLD 4102, Australia.
| | - David J Beale
- Land and Water, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO), Ecosciences Precinct, Dutton Park, QLD 4102, Australia.
| | - Sonia Shastri
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS 7250, Australia.
| | - Benjamin Southam
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS 7250, Australia.
| | - Rajaraman Eri
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS 7250, Australia.
| | - Roger Stanley
- Centre for Food Safety and Innovation, Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS 7250, Australia.
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26
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Jalanka J, Major G, Murray K, Singh G, Nowak A, Kurtz C, Silos-Santiago I, Johnston JM, de Vos WM, Spiller R. The Effect of Psyllium Husk on Intestinal Microbiota in Constipated Patients and Healthy Controls. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20020433. [PMID: 30669509 PMCID: PMC6358997 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20020433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Psyllium is a widely used treatment for constipation. It traps water in the intestine increasing stool water, easing defaecation and altering the colonic environment. We aimed to assess the impact of psyllium on faecal microbiota, whose key role in gut physiology is being increasingly recognised. We performed two randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blinded trials comparing 7 days of psyllium with a placebo (maltodextrin) in 8 healthy volunteers and 16 constipated patients respectively. We measured the patients’ gastrointestnal (GI) transit, faecal water content, short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) and the stool microbiota composition. While psyllium supplement had a small but significant effect on the microbial composition of healthy adults (increasing Veillonella and decreasing Subdoligranulum), in constipated subjects there were greater effects on the microbial composition (increased Lachnospira, Faecalibacterium, Phascolarctobacterium, Veillonella and Sutterella and decreased uncultured Coriobacteria and Christensenella) and alterations in the levels of acetate and propionate. We found several taxa to be associated with altered GI transit, SCFAs and faecal water content in these patients. Significant increases in three genera known to produce butyrate, Lachnospira, Roseburia and Faecalibacterium, correlated with increased faecal water. In summary, psyllium supplementation increased stool water and this was associated with significant changes in microbiota, most marked in constipated patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonna Jalanka
- Immunobiology Research Program and Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00014 HY Helsinki, Finland.
- Nottingham Digestive Diseases Centre and NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre at Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, the University of Nottingham, Notts NG7 2UH, UK.
| | - Giles Major
- Nottingham Digestive Diseases Centre and NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre at Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, the University of Nottingham, Notts NG7 2UH, UK.
| | - Kathryn Murray
- Nottingham Digestive Diseases Centre and NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre at Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, the University of Nottingham, Notts NG7 2UH, UK.
| | - Gulzar Singh
- Nottingham Digestive Diseases Centre and NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre at Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, the University of Nottingham, Notts NG7 2UH, UK.
| | - Adam Nowak
- Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, the University of Nottingham, Nottinghamshire NG5 1PB, UK.
| | | | | | - Jeffrey M Johnston
- Neurogastrx, Inc., Woburn, MA 01801, USA, formerly at Ironwood Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
| | - Willem M de Vos
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University, 6708WE Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Robin Spiller
- Nottingham Digestive Diseases Centre and NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre at Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, the University of Nottingham, Notts NG7 2UH, UK.
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