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Garibay-Valdez E, Olivas-Bernal CA, Vargas-Albores F, Martínez-Porchas M, García-Godínez DM, Medina-Félix D, Martínez-Córdova LR, Cicala F. Deciphering the gut microbiota of zebrafish, the most used fish as a biological model: A meta-analytic approach. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2024; 297:111713. [PMID: 39074543 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2024.111713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Revised: 07/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
A meta-analytic approach deciphered the taxonomic profile of the zebrafish gut microbiota at different developmental stages. Data (16S rDNA) were systematically searched in databases, selecting those with intestine samples of fish not exposed to a particular treatment or challenge (e.g., pathogens, dietetic tests, xenobiotics, etc.) and obtaining 340 samples to be processed. Results revealed marked differences between the developmental phases. Proteobacteria was the dominant phylum in the larval phase, with a relative abundance of 90%, while the rest of the phyla did not exceed 2%. Vibrio, Aeromonas, Plesiomonas, Pseudomonas, Shewanella, and Acinetobacter were the dominant genera in this phase. Transitional changes were observed after the larvae stage. Proteobacteria still registered high abundance (48%) in the juvenile phase, but Fusobacteria (40%) and Bacteriodota (5.9%) registered considerable increases. Genera, including Cetobacterium, Plesiomonas, Aeromonas, Vibrio, and Flavobacterium, dominated this stage. The phyla Proteobacteria (48%) and Fusobacteria (35%) were strongly established in the adult phase. Cetobacterium was registered as the most abundant genus, followed by Aeromonas, Acinetobacter, Plesiomonas, Vibrio, and ZOR0006 (Firmicutes; 6%). In conclusion, the composition of the intestinal microbiota of zebrafish is consistently determined by two primary phyla, Proteobacteria and Fusobacteria; however, this composition varies depending on the developmental stage. Cetobacterium and Aeromonas are the most relevant genera in juveniles and adults. Finally, these results reveal a consistent pattern of certain bacterial groups in the zebrafish microbiota that could help shape gnotobiotic models (colonized with a specific known bacterial community) or synthetic microbiota (in vitro assembly of microbes), among other approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estefanía Garibay-Valdez
- Biology of Aquatic Organisms, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C., Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico
| | | | - Francisco Vargas-Albores
- Biology of Aquatic Organisms, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C., Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico
| | - Marcel Martínez-Porchas
- Biology of Aquatic Organisms, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C., Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico.
| | | | | | - Luis Rafael Martínez-Córdova
- Departamento de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas de la Universidad de Sonora, Universidad de Sonora, Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico
| | - Francesco Cicala
- IRSA Verbania, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche-Verbania, Italy
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2
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Lubis AR, Linh NV, Srinual O, Fontana CM, Tayyamath K, Wannavijit S, Ninyamasiri P, Uttarotai T, Tapingkae W, Phimolsiripol Y, Van Doan HV. Effects of passion fruit peel (Passiflora edulis) pectin and red yeast (Sporodiobolus pararoseus) cells on growth, immunity, intestinal morphology, gene expression, and gut microbiota in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Sci Rep 2024; 14:22704. [PMID: 39349558 PMCID: PMC11442623 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-73194-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 09/16/2024] [Indexed: 10/02/2024] Open
Abstract
This study explores the effects of dietary supplementation with passion fruit peel pectin (Passiflora edulis) and red yeast cell walls (Sporidiobolus pararoseus) on growth performance, immunity, intestinal morphology, gene expression, and gut microbiota of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Nile tilapia with an initial body weight of approximately 15 ± 0.06 g were fed four isonitrogenous (29.09-29.94%), isolipidic (3.01-4.28%), and isoenergetic (4119-4214 Cal/g) diets containing 0 g kg-1 pectin or red yeast cell walls (T1 - Control), 10 g kg-1 pectin (T2), 10 g kg-1 red yeast (T3), and a combination of 10 g kg-1 pectin and 10 g kg-1 red yeast (T4) for 8 weeks. Growth rates and immune responses were assessed at 4 and 8 weeks, while histology, relative immune and antioxidant gene expression, and gut microbiota analysis were conducted after 8 weeks of feeding. The results showed that the combined supplementation (T4) significantly enhanced growth performance metrics, including final weight, weight gain, specific growth rate, and feed conversion ratio, particularly by week 8, compared to T1, T2, and T3 (P < 0.05). Immunological assessments revealed increased lysozyme and peroxidase activities in both skin mucus and serum, with the T4 group showing the most pronounced improvements. Additionally, antioxidant and immune-related gene expression, including glutathione peroxidase (GPX), glutathione reductase (GSR), and interleukin-1 (IL1), were upregulated in the gut, while intestinal morphology exhibited improved villus height and width. Gut microbiota analysis indicated increased alpha and beta diversity, with a notable rise in beneficial phyla such as Actinobacteriota and Firmicutes in the supplemented groups. These findings suggest that the combined use of pectin and red yeast cell walls as prebiotics in aquaculture can enhance the health and growth of Nile tilapia, offering a promising alternative to traditional practices. Further research is needed to determine optimal dosages for maximizing these benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anisa Rilla Lubis
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Nguyen Vu Linh
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
- Functional Feed Innovation Centre (FuncFeed), Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Orranee Srinual
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Camilla Maria Fontana
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Khambou Tayyamath
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Supreya Wannavijit
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Punika Ninyamasiri
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Toungporn Uttarotai
- Department of Highland Agriculture and Natural Resources, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Wanaporn Tapingkae
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | | | - Hien V Van Doan
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
- Functional Feed Innovation Centre (FuncFeed), Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
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3
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Jiang Z, Qian D, Liang Z, Wu S, Han F, Xu C, Chi M, Li E. Evaluation of Dietary Essential Amino Acid Supplementation on Growth, Digestive Capacity, Antioxidant, and Intestine Health of the Juvenile Redclaw Crayfish, Cherax quadricarinatus. AQUACULTURE NUTRITION 2024; 2024:8767751. [PMID: 38362562 PMCID: PMC10869197 DOI: 10.1155/2024/8767751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
The present study was an 8-week feeding trial investigating the effects of lysine and threonine supplementation in vegetable-based diets on growth, antioxidative capacity, and gut microbiota of juvenile redclaw crayfish, Cherax quadricarinatus (initial weight 11.52 ± 0.23 g). The lysine and threonine were supplemented to formulate five isonitrogenous (37%) and isolipidic (9%) diets containing 0% (control), 0.2% lysine (L0.2), 0.2% threonine (T0.2), 0.4% lysine (L0.4), and 0.4% threonine (T0.4), respectively. Compared to the control, weight gain rate (WGR) and specific growth rate (SGR) of C. quadricarinatus significantly increased with increasing dietary lysine and threonine supplementation from 0.2% to 0.4% (P < 0.05). Hepatopancreas trypsin activity significantly increased with increasing levels of lysine and threonine in diets (P < 0.05). However, the pepsin, lipase, and amylase activities were not affected by dietary levels of lysine and threonine (P > 0.05). Compared with the control, crayfish in T0.4 and L0.4 showed significantly higher glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity (P < 0.05), lower alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity, and lower malondialdehyde (MDA) content (P < 0.05). Supplementation with 0.4% lysine significantly changed the composition of the gut microbiota (P < 0.05), which showed a significantly increased relative abundance of Proteobacteria and decreased Firmicutes, Actinomycetes, and Pontomyces (P < 0.05). The PICRUSt analysis demonstrated that the abundance of the metabolism and cellular processes pathways in the L0.4 group were markedly decreased compared with the control (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, a tighter interaction of the microbiota community in crayfish was observed in the T0.4 experimental group. In conclusion, these results suggested that dietary supplementation with 0.4% threonine could significantly promote growth and improve microbial health in juvenile C. quadricarinatus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongzheng Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Hydrobiology and Biotechnology of Hainan Province, Hainan Aquaculture Breeding Engineering Research Center, School of Marine Biology and Aquaculture, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China
| | - Dunwei Qian
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Hydrobiology and Biotechnology of Hainan Province, Hainan Aquaculture Breeding Engineering Research Center, School of Marine Biology and Aquaculture, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China
- Hainan Provincial Ecological and Environmental Monitoring Centre, 98 Baiju Road, Haikou, Hainan 571126, China
| | - Zhenye Liang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Hydrobiology and Biotechnology of Hainan Province, Hainan Aquaculture Breeding Engineering Research Center, School of Marine Biology and Aquaculture, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China
| | - Sen Wu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Hydrobiology and Biotechnology of Hainan Province, Hainan Aquaculture Breeding Engineering Research Center, School of Marine Biology and Aquaculture, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China
| | - Fenglu Han
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Hydrobiology and Biotechnology of Hainan Province, Hainan Aquaculture Breeding Engineering Research Center, School of Marine Biology and Aquaculture, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China
| | - Chang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Hydrobiology and Biotechnology of Hainan Province, Hainan Aquaculture Breeding Engineering Research Center, School of Marine Biology and Aquaculture, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China
| | - Meili Chi
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Freshwater Aquaculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquaculture Genetic and Breeding of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Institute of Freshwater Fisheries, Huzhou, Zhejiang 313001, China
| | - Erchao Li
- Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Environmental Health, School of Life Science, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, China
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Lokesh J, Siriyappagouder P, Fernandes JMO. Unravelling the temporal and spatial variation of fungal phylotypes from embryo to adult stages in Atlantic salmon. Sci Rep 2024; 14:981. [PMID: 38200059 PMCID: PMC10781754 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-50883-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Early microbial colonization has a profound impact on host physiology during different stages of ontogeny. Although several studies have focused on early bacterial colonization and succession, the composition and role of fungal communities are poorly known in fish. Here, we sequenced the internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) region of fungi to profile the mycobiome associated with the eggs, hatchlings and intestine of Atlantic salmon at various freshwater and marine stages. In most of the stages studied, fungal diversity was lower than bacterial diversity. There were several stage-specific fungal phylotypes belonging to different stages of ontogeny but some groups, such as Candida tropicalis, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Alternaria metachromatica, Davidiella tassiana and Humicola nigrescens, persisted during successive stages of ontogeny. We observed significant changes in the intestinal fungal communities during the first feeding. Prior to first feeding, Humicola nigrescens dominated, but Saccharomyces cerevisiae (10 weeks post hatch) and Candida tropicalis (12 weeks post hatch) became dominant subsequently. Seawater transfer resulted in a decrease in alpha diversity and an increase in Candida tropicalis abundance. We also observed notable variations in beta diversity and composition between the different farms. Overall, the present study sheds light on the fungal communities of Atlantic salmon from early ontogeny to adulthood. These novel findings will also be useful in future studies investigating host-microbiota interactions in the context of developing better nutritional and health management strategies for Atlantic salmon farming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jep Lokesh
- Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, Bodø, Norway.
- Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA. INRAE, NUMEA, Saint-Pée-Sur-Nivelle, France.
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5
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Reinoso S, Gutiérrez MS, Reyes-Jara A, Toro M, García K, Reyes G, Argüello-Guevara W, Bohórquez-Cruz M, Sonnenholzner S, Navarrete P. Feed Regime Slightly Modifies the Bacterial but Not the Fungal Communities in the Intestinal Mucosal Microbiota of Cobia Fish ( Rachycentron canadum). Microorganisms 2023; 11:2315. [PMID: 37764158 PMCID: PMC10535204 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11092315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The bacterial community of the intestinal microbiota influences many host functions, and similar effects have been recently reported for the fungal community (mycobiota). Cobia is a tropical fish that has been studied for its potential in marine aquaculture. However, the study of its bacterial community has been underreported and the mycobiota has not been investigated. We analyzed the gut bacterial and fungal profile present in the intestinal mucosa of reared adult cobias fed two diets (frozen fish pieces (FFPs) and formulated feed (FF)) for 4 months by sequencing the 16S rRNA (V3-V4) and internal transcribed spacer-2 (ITS2) regions using Illumina NovaSeq 6000. No significant differences in the alpha diversity of the bacterial community were observed, which was dominated by the phyla Proteobacteria (~96%) and Firmicutes (~1%). Cobia fed FF showed higher abundance of 10 genera, mainly UCG-002 (Family Oscillospiraceae) and Faecalibacterium, compared to cobia fed FFPs, which showed higher abundance of 7 genera, mainly Methylobacterium-Methylorubrum and Cutibacterium. The inferred bacterial functions were related to metabolism, environmental information processing and cellular processes; and no differences were found between diets. In mycobiota, no differences were observed in the diversity and composition of cobia fed the two diets. The mycobiota was dominated by the phyla Ascomycota (~88%) and Basidiomycota (~11%). This is the first study to describe the gut bacterial and fungal communities in cobia reared under captive conditions and fed on different diets and to identify the genus Ascobulus as a new member of the core fish mycobiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Reinoso
- Microbiology and Probiotics Laboratory, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INTA), University of Chile, Avenida El Libano 5524, Macul, Santiago 7830490, Chile; (M.S.G.); (A.R.-J.); (M.T.)
- Centro Nacional de Acuicultura e Investigaciones Marinas, CENAIM, Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, ESPOL Polytechnic University, Guayaquil 090211, Ecuador; (G.R.); (W.A.-G.); (M.B.-C.); (S.S.)
| | - María Soledad Gutiérrez
- Microbiology and Probiotics Laboratory, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INTA), University of Chile, Avenida El Libano 5524, Macul, Santiago 7830490, Chile; (M.S.G.); (A.R.-J.); (M.T.)
| | - Angélica Reyes-Jara
- Microbiology and Probiotics Laboratory, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INTA), University of Chile, Avenida El Libano 5524, Macul, Santiago 7830490, Chile; (M.S.G.); (A.R.-J.); (M.T.)
- Millenium Institute Center for Genome Regulation (CRG), Santiago 8331150, Chile
| | - Magaly Toro
- Microbiology and Probiotics Laboratory, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INTA), University of Chile, Avenida El Libano 5524, Macul, Santiago 7830490, Chile; (M.S.G.); (A.R.-J.); (M.T.)
- Joint Institute for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition (JIFSAN), University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20910, USA
| | - Katherine García
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago 8900000, Chile;
| | - Guillermo Reyes
- Centro Nacional de Acuicultura e Investigaciones Marinas, CENAIM, Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, ESPOL Polytechnic University, Guayaquil 090211, Ecuador; (G.R.); (W.A.-G.); (M.B.-C.); (S.S.)
| | - Wilfrido Argüello-Guevara
- Centro Nacional de Acuicultura e Investigaciones Marinas, CENAIM, Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, ESPOL Polytechnic University, Guayaquil 090211, Ecuador; (G.R.); (W.A.-G.); (M.B.-C.); (S.S.)
- Facultad de Ingeniería Marítima y Ciencias del Mar, FIMCM, Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, ESPOL Polytechnic University, Guayaquil 090211, Ecuador
| | - Milton Bohórquez-Cruz
- Centro Nacional de Acuicultura e Investigaciones Marinas, CENAIM, Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, ESPOL Polytechnic University, Guayaquil 090211, Ecuador; (G.R.); (W.A.-G.); (M.B.-C.); (S.S.)
| | - Stanislaus Sonnenholzner
- Centro Nacional de Acuicultura e Investigaciones Marinas, CENAIM, Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, ESPOL Polytechnic University, Guayaquil 090211, Ecuador; (G.R.); (W.A.-G.); (M.B.-C.); (S.S.)
- Facultad de Ingeniería Marítima y Ciencias del Mar, FIMCM, Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, ESPOL Polytechnic University, Guayaquil 090211, Ecuador
| | - Paola Navarrete
- Microbiology and Probiotics Laboratory, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INTA), University of Chile, Avenida El Libano 5524, Macul, Santiago 7830490, Chile; (M.S.G.); (A.R.-J.); (M.T.)
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6
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Qiao Y, Zhou L, Qu Y, Lu K, Han F, Li E. Effects of Different Dietary β-Glucan Levels on Antioxidant Capacity and Immunity, Gut Microbiota and Transcriptome Responses of White Shrimp ( Litopenaeus vannamei) under Low Salinity. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:2282. [PMID: 36421469 PMCID: PMC9686864 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11112282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 10/09/2023] Open
Abstract
β-Glucan could significantly improve the antioxidant capacity of aquatic animals. The effects of different dietary levels (0 (control), 0.05, 0.1, 0.2 or 0.4%) of β-glucan on the growth, survival, antioxidant capacity, immunity, intestinal microbiota and transcriptional responses of Litopenaeus vannamei under low salinity (≤3) were investigated. The dietary growth trial lasted 35 days (initial shrimp 0.26 ± 0.01 g). The results indicated that the growth performance of the 0.1% and 0.2% groups was significantly better than that of the control group. A second-order polynomial regression analysis of growth performance against dietary β-glucan indicated that the optimal dietary β-glucan level was 0.2% of dry matter. The digestive enzyme activity of the hepatopancreas was enhanced with increasing β-glucan levels. The antioxidant and nonspecific immunity capacities of the hepatopancreas were also enhanced in the 0.1% group. The α-diversity index analysis of the intestinal microbiota showed that the intestinal microbial richness of L. vannamei increased in the 0.1% group. The relative abundance of Proteobacteria decreased in the 0.1% group compared with the control group. The transcriptome results indicate that the prebiotic mechanisms of β-glucan include upregulating the expression of nonspecific immune genes and osmoregulation genes and activating KEGG pathways associated with carbohydrate metabolism under low-salinity stress. These results suggested that dietary supplementation with β-glucan markedly increased growth performance and alleviated the negative effects of low-salinity stress by contributing to the activity of biochemical enzymes and enriching carbohydrate metabolism in L. vannamei.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Fenglu Han
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Hydrobiology and Biotechnology of Hainan Province, Hainan Aquaculture Breeding Engineering Research Center, College of Marine Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Erchao Li
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Hydrobiology and Biotechnology of Hainan Province, Hainan Aquaculture Breeding Engineering Research Center, College of Marine Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
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7
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Alberdi A, Andersen SB, Limborg MT, Dunn RR, Gilbert MTP. Disentangling host-microbiota complexity through hologenomics. Nat Rev Genet 2022; 23:281-297. [PMID: 34675394 DOI: 10.1038/s41576-021-00421-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Research on animal-microbiota interactions has become a central topic in biological sciences because of its relevance to basic eco-evolutionary processes and applied questions in agriculture and health. However, animal hosts and their associated microbial communities are still seldom studied in a systemic fashion. Hologenomics, the integrated study of the genetic features of a eukaryotic host alongside that of its associated microbes, is becoming a feasible - yet still underexploited - approach that overcomes this limitation. Acknowledging the biological and genetic properties of both hosts and microbes, along with the advantages and disadvantages of implemented techniques, is essential for designing optimal studies that enable some of the major questions in biology to be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antton Alberdi
- Center for Evolutionary Hologenomics, The GLOBE Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Sandra B Andersen
- Center for Evolutionary Hologenomics, The GLOBE Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Morten T Limborg
- Center for Evolutionary Hologenomics, The GLOBE Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Robert R Dunn
- Center for Evolutionary Hologenomics, The GLOBE Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Applied Ecology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - M Thomas P Gilbert
- Center for Evolutionary Hologenomics, The GLOBE Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,University Museum, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
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Reinold J, Farahpour F, Schoerding AK, Fehring C, Dolff S, Konik M, Korth J, van Baal L, Buer J, Witzke O, Westendorf AM, Kehrmann J. The Fungal Gut Microbiome Exhibits Reduced Diversity and Increased Relative Abundance of Ascomycota in Severe COVID-19 Illness and Distinct Interconnected Communities in SARS-CoV-2 Positive Patients. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:848650. [PMID: 35521219 PMCID: PMC9062042 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.848650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical and experimental studies indicate that the bacterial and fungal gut microbiota modulates immune responses in distant organs including the lungs. Immune dysregulation is associated with severe SARS-CoV-2 infection, and several groups have observed gut bacterial dysbiosis in SARS-CoV-2 infected patients, while the fungal gut microbiota remains poorly defined in these patients. We analyzed the fungal gut microbiome from rectal swabs taken prior to anti-infective treatment in 30 SARS-CoV-2 positive (21 non-severe COVID-19 and 9 developing severe/critical COVID-19 patients) and 23 SARS-CoV-2 negative patients by ITS2-sequencing. Pronounced but distinct interconnected fungal communities distinguished SARS-CoV-2 positive and negative patients. Fungal gut microbiota in severe/critical COVID-19 illness was characterized by a reduced diversity, richness and evenness and by an increase of the relative abundance of the Ascomycota phylum compared with non-severe COVID-19 illness. A dominance of a single fungal species with a relative abundance of >75% was a frequent feature in severe/critical COVID-19. The dominating fungal species were highly variable between patients even within the groups. Several fungal taxa were depleted in patients with severe/critical COVID-19.The distinct compositional changes of the fungal gut microbiome in SARS-CoV-2 infection, especially in severe COVID-19 illness, illuminate the necessity of a broader approach to investigate whether the differences in the fungal gut microbiome are consequences of SARS-CoV-2 infection or a predisposing factor for critical illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Reinold
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Farnoush Farahpour
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biophysics, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Ann-Kathrin Schoerding
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Christian Fehring
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Dolff
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Margarethe Konik
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Johannes Korth
- Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Lukas van Baal
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Jan Buer
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Oliver Witzke
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Astrid M. Westendorf
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Jan Kehrmann
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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9
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Xu C, Qiao M, Huo X, Liao Z, Su J. An Oral Microencapsulated Vaccine Loaded by Sodium Alginate Effectively Enhances Protection Against GCRV Infection in Grass Carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). Front Immunol 2022; 13:848958. [PMID: 35401526 PMCID: PMC8987307 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.848958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Grass carp reovirus (GCRV) is highly infectious and lethal to grass carp, causing huge economic losses to the aquaculture industry annually. Currently, vaccination is the most effective method against viral infections. Among the various vaccination methods, the oral vaccination is an ideal way in aquaculture. However, low protective efficiency is the major problem for oral vaccination owing to some reasons, such as antigen degradation and low immunogenicity. In our study, we screened the antigenic epitopes of GCRV-II and prepared an oral microencapsulated vaccine using sodium alginate (SA) as a carrier and flagellin B (FlaB) as an adjuvant, and evaluated its protective effects against GCRV-II infection in grass carp. The full length and three potential antigenic epitope regions of GCRV-II VP56 gene were expressed in Escherichia coli and purified by glutathione affinity column respectively. The optimal antigen (VP56-3) was screened by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Adjuvant FlaB was also expressed in E. coli and purified by Ni2+ affinity column. Subsequently, we prepared the oral vaccines using sodium alginate as a carrier. The vaccine (SA-VP56-3/FlaB) forms microsphere (1.24 ± 0.22 μm), examined by transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and dynamic light scattering assay. SA-VP56-3/FlaB vaccine has excellent stability, slow-release, and low toxicity by dynamic light scattering assay, release dynamic assay, in vivo fluorescence imaging system, hemolytic activity and cytotoxicity. Then we vaccinated grass carp orally with SA-VP56-3/FlaB and measured immune-related parameters (serum neutralizing antibody titer, serum enzyme activity (TSOD, LZM, C3), immune-related genes ((IgM, IFN1, MHC-II, CD8 in head kidney and spleen), IgZ in hindgut)). The results showed that SA-VP56-3/FlaB significantly induced strong immune responses, compared to other groups. The highest survival rate achieved in SA-VP56-3/FlaB microencapsulated vaccine (56%) in 2 weeks post GCRV challenge, while 10% for the control group. Meanwhile, the tissue virus load in survival grass carp is lowest in SA-VP56-3/FlaB group. These results indicated that SA-VP56-3/FlaB could be a candidate oral vaccine against GCRV-II infection in aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuang Xu
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China
| | - Meihua Qiao
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xingchen Huo
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhiwei Liao
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jianguo Su
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Jianguo Su,
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10
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Padeniya U, Larson ET, Septriani S, Pataueg A, Kafui AR, Hasan E, Mmaduakonam OS, Kim GD, Kiddane AT, Brown CL. Probiotic Treatment Enhances Pre-feeding Larval Development and Early Survival in Zebrafish Danio rerio. JOURNAL OF AQUATIC ANIMAL HEALTH 2022; 34:3-11. [PMID: 35315145 DOI: 10.1002/aah.10148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The growth and development of healthy culture subjects are essential in increasing productivity in the aquaculture industry. A primary determinant of aquatic animal productivity is the ambient microbial population. If an aquatic animal's microbiome is diverse, with bacteria favoring beneficial over pathogenic species, the health and growth of the animal (i.e., fish or crustacean) can be substantially improved. Embryonic and newly hatched Zebrafish Danio rerio larvae were reared in the presence of (1) water from the broodstock culture tank as a control, (2) a probiotic solution containing 19 strains of live lactic acid bacteria (LAB), or (3) an antibiotic (AB) solution with amoxycillin. Developmental parameters were monitored until 10 d postfertilization. Bacteria present in the water and larvae were cultured and identified by sequencing the V4 hypervariable region of bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA. Probiotic-treated larvae showed significant increases in every measured morphological parameter and in survival compared to the controls and AB-treated larvae, including TL, eye development, and swim bladder development before first feeding. Staining with DASPEI (2-(4-[dimethylamino]styryl)-N-ethylpyridinium iodide) produced fluorescence, revealing increased mitochondrial activity in the gastrointestinal tracts of probiotic-treated larvae and reflecting advancement of initial metabolic function. Probiotic-treated larvae showed accelerated yolk absorption, resulting in increased nutrient mobilization and growth. Microbial analyses revealed a greater concentration of bacteria in larvae in response to the probiotic treatment compared to the other two treatments. Species identified in all three treatments included Pseudomonas spp. and Aeromonas spp. (Proteobacteria). The second most diverse and abundant microbiome was seen in controls, whereas AB-treated larvae had the least diverse microbiome. All treatments revealed the presence of proteobacteria, but an AB-resistant pathogenic bacterium (Stenotrophomonas maltophilia) was identified in the AB group. These results reveal that the presence of LAB and other bacteria favorably influenced early larval growth, development, digestive function, and survival in Zebrafish even before the onset of feeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uthpala Padeniya
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, World Fisheries University Pilot Programme, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48547, South Korea
| | - Earl T Larson
- Department of Biological Sciences, St. Johns River State College, Orange Park, Florida, 32065, USA
| | - Shafira Septriani
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, World Fisheries University Pilot Programme, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48547, South Korea
| | - Arjay Pataueg
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, World Fisheries University Pilot Programme, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48547, South Korea
| | - Akpoh Rhoda Kafui
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, World Fisheries University Pilot Programme, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48547, South Korea
| | - Ekramul Hasan
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, World Fisheries University Pilot Programme, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48547, South Korea
| | - Obodoefuna Somadina Mmaduakonam
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, World Fisheries University Pilot Programme, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48547, South Korea
| | - Gun-Do Kim
- Lab of Cell Signaling, Department of Microbiology, College of Natural Science, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48547, South Korea
| | - Anley Teferra Kiddane
- Lab of Cell Signaling, Department of Microbiology, College of Natural Science, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48547, South Korea
| | - Christopher L Brown
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, World Fisheries University Pilot Programme, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48547, South Korea
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11
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Leeper A, Ekmay R, Knobloch S, Skírnisdóttir S, Varunjikar M, Dubois M, Smárason BÖ, Árnason J, Koppe W, Benhaïm D. Torula yeast in the diet of Atlantic salmon Salmo salar and the impact on growth performance and gut microbiome. Sci Rep 2022; 12:567. [PMID: 35022439 PMCID: PMC8755733 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-04413-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Atlantic salmon aquaculture is expanding, and with it, the need to find suitable replacements for conventional protein sources used in formulated feeds. Torula yeast (Cyberlindnera jadinii), has been identified as a promising alternative protein for feed and can be sustainably cultivated on lignocellulosic biomasses. The present study investigated the impact of torula yeast on the growth performance and gut microbiome of freshwater Atlantic salmon. A marine protein base diet and a mixed marine and plant protein base diet were tested, where conventional proteins were replaced with increasing inclusion levels of torula yeast, (0%, 10%, 20%). This study demonstrated that 20% torula yeast can replace fish meal without alteration to growth performance while leading to potential benefits for the gut microbiome by increasing the presence of bacteria positively associated with the host. However, when torula yeast replaced plant meal in a mixed protein diet, results suggested that 10% inclusion of yeast produced the best growth performance results but at the 20% inclusion level of yeast, potentially negative changes were observed in the gut microbial community, such as a decrease in lactic acid bacteria. This study supports the continued investigation of torula yeast for Atlantic salmon as a partial replacement for conventional proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Leeper
- Department of Animal and Aquaculture Sciences, Faculty of Biosciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box, 1420, Ås, Norway. .,Department of Research and Innovation, Matís Ltd, 12, Vínlandsleid, 113, Reykjavik, Iceland.
| | | | - Stephen Knobloch
- Department of Research and Innovation, Matís Ltd, 12, Vínlandsleid, 113, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | - Madhushri Varunjikar
- Department of Research and Innovation, Matís Ltd, 12, Vínlandsleid, 113, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Marianne Dubois
- Department of Research and Innovation, Matís Ltd, 12, Vínlandsleid, 113, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Birgir Örn Smárason
- Department of Research and Innovation, Matís Ltd, 12, Vínlandsleid, 113, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Jón Árnason
- Department of Research and Innovation, Matís Ltd, 12, Vínlandsleid, 113, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Wolfgang Koppe
- Department of Research and Innovation, Matís Ltd, 12, Vínlandsleid, 113, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - David Benhaïm
- Department of Aquaculture and Fish Biology, Hólar University, Haeyri 1, 551, Saudárkrókur, Iceland
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12
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Castejón P, Cabas I, Gómez V, Chaves-Pozo E, Cerezo-Ortega I, Moriñigo MÁ, Martínez-Manzanares E, Galindo-Villegas J, García-Ayala A. Vaccination of Gilthead Seabream After Continuous Xenoestrogen Oral Exposure Enhances the Gut Endobolome and Immune Status via GPER1. Front Immunol 2021; 12:742827. [PMID: 34721409 PMCID: PMC8551918 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.742827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In fish culture settings, the exogenous input of steroids is a matter of concern. Recently, we unveiled that in the gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata), the G protein-coupled estrogen receptor agonist G-1 (G1) and the endocrine disruptor 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2) are potent modulators in polyreactive antibody production. However, the integral role of the microbiota upon immunity and antibody processing in response to the effect of EE2 remains largely unexplored. Here, juvenile seabreams continuously exposed for 84 days to oral G1 or EE2 mixed in the fish food were intraperitoneally (i.p.) immune primed on day 42 with the model antigen keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH). A critical panel of systemic and mucosal immune markers, serum VTG, and humoral, enzymatic, and bacteriolytic activities were recorded and correlated with gut bacterial metagenomic analysis 1 day post-priming (dpp). Besides, at 15 dpp, animals received a boost to investigate the possible generation of specific anti-KLH antibodies at the systemic and mucosal interphases by the end of the trial. On day 43, EE2 but not G1 induced a significant shift in the serum VTG level of naive fish. Simultaneously, significant changes in some immune enzymatic activities in the serum and gut mucus of the EE2-treated group were recorded. In comparison, the vaccine priming immunization resulted in an attenuated profile of most enzymatic activities in the same group. The gut genes qPCR analysis exhibited a related pattern, only emphasized by a significant shift in the EE2 group's il1b expression. The gut bacterial microbiome status underwent 16S rRNA dynamic changes in alpha diversity indices, only with the exposure to oral G1, supporting functional alterations on cellular processes, signaling, and lipid metabolism in the microbiota. By the same token, the immunization elevated the relative abundance of Fusobacteria only in the control group, while this phylum was depleted in both the treated groups. Remarkably, the immunization also promoted changes in the bacterial class Betaproteobacteria and the estrogen-associated genus Novosphingobium. Furthermore, systemic and mucosal KLH-specific immunoglobulin (Ig)M and IgT levels in the fully vaccinated fish showed only slight changes 84 days post-estrogenic oral administration. In summary, our results highlight the intrinsic relationship among estrogens, their associated receptors, and immunization in the ubiquitous fish immune regulation and the subtle but significant crosstalk with the gut endobolome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Castejón
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, Instituto Murciano de Investigacion Biosanitaria (IMIB), Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Murcia, Spain
| | - Isabel Cabas
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, Instituto Murciano de Investigacion Biosanitaria (IMIB), Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Murcia, Spain
| | - Victoria Gómez
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, Instituto Murciano de Investigacion Biosanitaria (IMIB), Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Murcia, Spain
| | - Elena Chaves-Pozo
- Aquaculture Department, Oceanographic Center of Murcia, Spanish Institute of Oceanography (IEO-CSIC), Murcia, Spain
| | - Isabel Cerezo-Ortega
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Malaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel Moriñigo
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Malaga, Málaga, Spain
| | | | | | - Alfonsa García-Ayala
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, Instituto Murciano de Investigacion Biosanitaria (IMIB), Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Murcia, Spain
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13
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Cornuault JK, Byatt G, Paquet ME, De Koninck P, Moineau S. Zebrafish: a big fish in the study of the gut microbiota. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2021; 73:308-313. [PMID: 34653834 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2021.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The importance of the gut microbiota in host health is now well established, but the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. Among the animal models used to investigate microbiota-host interactions, the zebrafish (Danio renio) is gaining attention. Several factors contribute to the recent interest in this model, including its low cost, the ability to assess large cohorts, the possibility to obtain germ-free larvae from non-axenic parents, and the availability of optical methodologies to probe the transparent larvae and adults from various genetic lines. We review recent findings on the zebrafish gut microbiota and its modulation by exogenous microbes, nutrition, and environmental factors. We also highlight the potential of this model for assessing the impact of the gut microbiota on brain development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey K Cornuault
- Département de biochimie, de microbiologie et de bio-informatique, Faculté des sciences et de génie, Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada; Groupe de recherche en écologie buccale, Faculté de médecine dentaire, Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Gabriel Byatt
- Département de biochimie, de microbiologie et de bio-informatique, Faculté des sciences et de génie, Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada; Groupe de recherche en écologie buccale, Faculté de médecine dentaire, Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada; CERVO Brain Research Centre, Québec, QC, G1J 2G3, Canada
| | - Marie-Eve Paquet
- Département de biochimie, de microbiologie et de bio-informatique, Faculté des sciences et de génie, Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada; CERVO Brain Research Centre, Québec, QC, G1J 2G3, Canada
| | - Paul De Koninck
- Département de biochimie, de microbiologie et de bio-informatique, Faculté des sciences et de génie, Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada; CERVO Brain Research Centre, Québec, QC, G1J 2G3, Canada
| | - Sylvain Moineau
- Département de biochimie, de microbiologie et de bio-informatique, Faculté des sciences et de génie, Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada; Groupe de recherche en écologie buccale, Faculté de médecine dentaire, Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada; Félix d'Hérelle Reference Center for Bacterial Viruses, Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada.
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14
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Qiao F, Tan F, Li LY, Lv HB, Chen L, Du ZY, Zhang ML. Alteration and the Function of Intestinal Microbiota in High-Fat-Diet- or Genetics-Induced Lipid Accumulation. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:741616. [PMID: 34603270 PMCID: PMC8484964 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.741616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Diet and host genetics influence the composition of intestinal microbiota, yet few studies have compared the function of intestinal microbiota in the diet- or genotype-induced lipid deposition, which limits our understanding of the role of intestinal bacteria in metabolic disorders. The lipid accumulation in wild-type zebrafish fed with control (CON) or high-fat (HF) diet and two gene-knockout zebrafish lines (cpt1b–/– or pparab–/–) fed with control diet was measured after a 4-week feeding experiment. The intestinal microbiota composition of these groups was investigated using 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene sequencing (DNA-based) and 16S rRNA sequencing (RNA-based). The HF diet or deficiency of two genes induced more weight gain and higher triglyceride content in the liver compared with their control group. 16S rRNA gene sequencing (DNA-based) indicated the decreased abundance of Proteobacteria in the HF group compared with CON, but there was no significant difference in bacterial α diversity among treatments. 16S rRNA sequencing (RNA-based) confirmed the decreased abundance of Proteobacteria and the bacterial α diversity in the HF group compared with CON. Deficiency of cpt1b or pparab showed less change in microbiota composition compared with their wild-type group. Intestinal microbiota of each group was transferred to germ-free zebrafish, and the quantification of Nile red staining indicated that the intestinal microbiota of the HF group induced more lipid accumulation compared with CON, whereas intestinal microbiota of cpt1b–/– and pparab–/– zebrafish did not. The results showed that RNA-based bacterial sequencing revealed more bacterial alteration than DNA-based bacterial sequencing. HF diet had a more dominant role in shaping gut microbiota composition to induce lipid accumulation compared with the gene-knockout of cpt1b or pparab in zebrafish, and the transplant of intestinal microbiota from HF-fed fish induced more lipid deposition in germ-free zebrafish. Together, these data suggested that a high-fat diet exerted a more dominant role over the deletion of cpt1b or pparab on the intestinal bacterial composition, which corresponded to lipid accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Qiao
- Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Environmental Health (LANEH), School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fang Tan
- Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Environmental Health (LANEH), School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ling-Yu Li
- Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Environmental Health (LANEH), School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong-Bo Lv
- Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Environmental Health (LANEH), School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liqiao Chen
- Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Environmental Health (LANEH), School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhen-Yu Du
- Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Environmental Health (LANEH), School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mei-Ling Zhang
- Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Environmental Health (LANEH), School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
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15
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Haque MM, Hasan NA, Eltholth MM, Saha P, Mely SS, Rahman T, Murray FJ. Assessing the impacts of in-feed probiotic on the growth performance and health condition of pangasius ( Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) in a farm trial. AQUACULTURE REPORTS 2021; 20:None. [PMID: 34263018 PMCID: PMC8249242 DOI: 10.1016/j.aqrep.2021.100699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The effects of in-feed probiotics on growth performance, haematological parameters, gut microbial content, and morphological changes to pangasius fish were assessed. The trial had three phases, i.e., larvae to fry (20 days), fry to fingerlings (45 days), and grow-out phase from fingerlings to marketing (90 days). The stocking densities were 400 m-3, 200 m-3, and 12 m-3 for phases 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Phases 1 and 2 were conducted in hapas in the same pond, whereas phase 3 was performed in concrete tanks. The in-feed probiotic was administered at a rate of 0.2 g kg-1 of feed three times per day in phases 1 and 2 only. In phase 3, in-feed probiotics was not applied to any groups. The treated group exhibited higher growth performances (p < 0.05) than the control in all three phases of experiment. The survival % in phase 1 and 2 were found significantly (p < 0.05) higher in treatment groups. This indicates that pangasius nurserers would benefit from using probiotics as a safeguard to increase fry survival to a greater extent. Two haematological parameters including red blood cells (RBC) and white blood cells (WBC) levels were found significantly (p < 0.05) higher in treated groups in phase 2 and 3, while glucose and hemoglobin level were found significantly (p < 0.05) higher in the treated groups during phases 2 and 3, respectively. The gut microbiota content was relatively higher in the treated groups in phase 2 and 3. Histological findings indicate that the use of probiotics during the nursing phases of pangasius induced a positive change in the intestinal morphological structures. The positive impacts of probiotics on the phase 3 confirmed an immediate and long-term growth performance and health of pangasius.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Mahfujul Haque
- Department of Aquaculture, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
- Corresponding author.
| | - Neaz A. Hasan
- Department of Aquaculture, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Mahmoud M. Eltholth
- Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, United Kingdom
- Department of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
- Global Academy of Agriculture and Food Security, The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Pranta Saha
- Department of Aquaculture, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Shayla Sultana Mely
- Department of Aquaculture, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Tanvir Rahman
- Department of Aquaculture, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Francis J. Murray
- Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, United Kingdom
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16
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Mu C, Zhong Q, Meng Y, Zhou Y, Jiang N, Liu W, Li Y, Xue M, Zeng L, Vakharia VN, Fan Y. Oral Vaccination of Grass Carp ( Ctenopharyngodon idella) with Baculovirus-Expressed Grass Carp Reovirus (GCRV) Proteins Induces Protective Immunity against GCRV Infection. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:41. [PMID: 33445494 PMCID: PMC7827918 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9010041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The grass carp reovirus (GCRV) causes severe hemorrhagic disease with high mortality and leads to serious economic losses in the grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) industry in China. Oral vaccine has been proven to be an effective method to provide protection against fish viruses. In this study, a recombinant baculovirus BmNPV-VP35-VP4 was generated to express VP35 and VP4 proteins from GCRV type Ⅱ via Bac-to-Bac baculovirus expression system. The expression of recombinant VP35-VP4 protein (rVP35-VP4) in Bombyx mori embryo cells (BmE) and silkworm pupae was confirmed by Western blotting and immunofluorescence assay (IFA) after infection with BmNPV-VP35-VP4. To vaccinate the grass carp by oral route, the silkworm pupae expressing the rVP35-VP4 proteins were converted into a powder after freeze-drying, added to artificial feed at 5% and fed to grass carp (18 ± 1.5 g) for six weeks, and the immune response and protective efficacy in grass carp after oral vaccination trial was thoroughly investigated. This included blood cell counting and classification, serum antibody titer detection, immune-related gene expression and the relative percent survival rate in immunized grass carp. The results of blood cell counts show that the number of white blood cells in the peripheral blood of immunized grass carp increased significantly from 14 to 28 days post-immunization (dpi). The differential leukocyte count of neutrophils and monocytes were significantly higher than those in the control group at 14 dpi. Additionally, the number of lymphocytes increased significantly and reached a peak at 28 dpi. The serum antibody levels were significantly increased at Day 14 and continued until 42 days post-vaccination. The mRNA expression levels of immune-related genes (IFN-1, TLR22, IL-1β, MHC I, Mx and IgM) were significantly upregulated in liver, spleen, kidney and hindgut after immunization. Four weeks post-immunization, fish were challenged with virulent GCRV by intraperitoneal injection. The results of this challenge study show that orally immunized group exhibited a survival rate of 60% and relative percent survival (RPS) of 56%, whereas the control group had a survival rate of 13% and RPS of 4%. Taken together, our results demonstrate that the silkworm pupae powder containing baculovirus-expressed VP35-VP4 proteins could induce both non-specific and specific immune responses and protect grass carp against GCRV infection, suggesting it could be used as an oral vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changyong Mu
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China; (C.M.); (Y.M.); (Y.Z.); (N.J.); (W.L.); (Y.L.); (M.X.); (L.Z.)
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China;
| | - Qiwang Zhong
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China;
| | - Yan Meng
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China; (C.M.); (Y.M.); (Y.Z.); (N.J.); (W.L.); (Y.L.); (M.X.); (L.Z.)
| | - Yong Zhou
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China; (C.M.); (Y.M.); (Y.Z.); (N.J.); (W.L.); (Y.L.); (M.X.); (L.Z.)
| | - Nan Jiang
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China; (C.M.); (Y.M.); (Y.Z.); (N.J.); (W.L.); (Y.L.); (M.X.); (L.Z.)
| | - Wenzhi Liu
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China; (C.M.); (Y.M.); (Y.Z.); (N.J.); (W.L.); (Y.L.); (M.X.); (L.Z.)
| | - Yiqun Li
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China; (C.M.); (Y.M.); (Y.Z.); (N.J.); (W.L.); (Y.L.); (M.X.); (L.Z.)
| | - Mingyang Xue
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China; (C.M.); (Y.M.); (Y.Z.); (N.J.); (W.L.); (Y.L.); (M.X.); (L.Z.)
| | - Lingbing Zeng
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China; (C.M.); (Y.M.); (Y.Z.); (N.J.); (W.L.); (Y.L.); (M.X.); (L.Z.)
| | - Vikram N. Vakharia
- Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, University of Maryland Baltimore Country, Baltimore, MD 21202, USA
| | - Yuding Fan
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China; (C.M.); (Y.M.); (Y.Z.); (N.J.); (W.L.); (Y.L.); (M.X.); (L.Z.)
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China;
- Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, University of Maryland Baltimore Country, Baltimore, MD 21202, USA
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
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17
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Xu C, Suo Y, Wang X, Qin JG, Chen L, Li E. Recovery from Hypersaline-Stress-Induced Immunity Damage and Intestinal-Microbiota Changes through Dietary β-glucan Supplementation in Nile tilapia ( Oreochromis niloticus). Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10122243. [PMID: 33265935 PMCID: PMC7761230 DOI: 10.3390/ani10122243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Long-term hypersaline stress can induce coagulation disorders and splenomegaly and down-regulate the complement pathway in tilapia, which can increase risk in healthy breeding. As a prebiotic, β-glucan dietary supplementation can significantly reduce enlarged spleen resulting from hypersaline stress. The hematological aspects of the red blood cell count, hematocrit, red cell distribution width, platelet count, and plateletcrit were also decreased by supplementation with dietary β-glucan. In the spleen and intestine, β-glucan intake significantly decreased the high expression of immune-related genes due to hypersaline stress resulting from β-glucan intake in tilapia. β-glucan supplementation also significantly increased the abundance of beneficial microbiota such as Lactobacillus, Phycicoccus, and Rikenellaceae in the intestine. In summary, β-glucan intake can relieve tissue damage and optimize the intestinal microbiota of tilapia in brackish water and improve fish health. Abstract Long-term exposure to hyperosmotic environments can induce severe immune damage and increase risk in tilapia breeding. As an effective immunoregulator, β-glucan has attracted extensive attention in nutritional research and given rise to high expectations of improving health status and alleviating organismal damage in tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, in brackish water. In this study, an 8-week cultivation experiment was conducted on tilapia fed a basal diet or diets with β-glucan supplementation in freshwater (control) and brackish water. Growth performance, hematological aspects, immune cytokine expression, and the intestinal microbiota of tilapia were analyzed. The results indicated that supplementation with β-glucan significantly reduced the enlarged spleen of tilapia resulting from hypersaline stress. Tilapia fed β-glucan showed significantly-greater decreases in the red blood cell count, hematocrit, red cell distribution width, platelet count, and plateletcrit than those fed the basal diet. β-glucan significantly decreased the high expression of immune-related genes in the spleen induced by hyperosmotic stress. In the intestine, the high migration inhibitory factor-2 (MIF-2) and IL-1β gene expression induced by hypersaline stress was significantly reduced. β-glucan supplementation also significantly increased the abundance of beneficial microbiota such as Lactobacillus, Phycicoccus, and Rikenellaceae. Therefore, dietary β-glucan supplementation can significantly reduce spleen enlargement and improve immune function in tilapia in brackish water. β-glucan intake can also optimize the intestinal microbiota of tilapia in brackish water and improve fish health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Hydrobiology and Biotechnology of Hainan Province, Hainan Aquaculture Breeding Engineering Research Center, College of Marine Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China;
- School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; (Y.S.); (X.W.); (L.C.)
| | - Yantong Suo
- School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; (Y.S.); (X.W.); (L.C.)
| | - Xiaodan Wang
- School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; (Y.S.); (X.W.); (L.C.)
| | - Jian G Qin
- School of Biological Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia;
| | - Liqiao Chen
- School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; (Y.S.); (X.W.); (L.C.)
| | - Erchao Li
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Hydrobiology and Biotechnology of Hainan Province, Hainan Aquaculture Breeding Engineering Research Center, College of Marine Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China;
- School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; (Y.S.); (X.W.); (L.C.)
- Correspondence:
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18
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Siriyappagouder P, Galindo-Villegas J, Dhanasiri AKS, Zhang Q, Mulero V, Kiron V, Fernandes JMO. Pseudozyma Priming Influences Expression of Genes Involved in Metabolic Pathways and Immunity in Zebrafish Larvae. Front Immunol 2020; 11:978. [PMID: 32528473 PMCID: PMC7256946 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Fungi, particularly yeasts, are known essential components of the host microbiota but their functional relevance in development of immunity and physiological processes of fish remains to be elucidated. In this study, we used a transcriptomic approach and a germ-free (GF) fish model to determine the response of newly hatched zebrafish larvae after 24 h exposure to Pseudozyma sp. when compared to conventionally-raised (CR) larvae. We observed 59 differentially expressed genes in Pseudozyma-exposed GF zebrafish larvae compared to their naïve control siblings. Surprisingly, in CR larvae, there was not a clear transcriptome difference between Pseudozyma-exposed and control larvae. Differentially expressed genes in GF larvae were involved in host metabolic pathways, mainly peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors, steroid hormone biosynthesis, drug metabolism and bile acid biosynthesis. We also observed a significant change in the transcript levels of immune-related genes, namely complement component 3a, galectin 2b, ubiquitin specific peptidase 21, and aquaporins. Nevertheless, we did not observe any significant response at the cellular level, since there were no differences between neutrophil migration or proliferation between control and yeast-exposed GF larvae. Our findings reveal that exposure to Pseudozyma sp. may affect metabolic pathways and immune-related processes in germ-free zebrafish, suggesting that commensal yeast likely play a significant part in the early development of fish larvae.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jorge Galindo-Villegas
- Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, Bodø, Norway
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Biomedical Research of Murcia-Arrixaca, Campus Universitario de Espinardo, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | | | - Qirui Zhang
- Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, Bodø, Norway
| | - Victoriano Mulero
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Biomedical Research of Murcia-Arrixaca, Campus Universitario de Espinardo, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Viswanath Kiron
- Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, Bodø, Norway
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19
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Horlick J, Booth MA, Tetu SG. Alternative dietary protein and water temperature influence the skin and gut microbial communities of yellowtail kingfish ( Seriola lalandi). PeerJ 2020; 8:e8705. [PMID: 32219022 PMCID: PMC7085898 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.8705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Fish skin and gut microbiomes contribute to host health and growth and are often significantly different in aquaculture-reared fish compared to wild fish. Determining how factors associated with aquaculture, including altered diet and abiotic conditions, affect the microbiome will assist with optimizing farming practices and non-invasively assessing fish health. Here, juvenile yellowtail kingfish (Seriola lalandi) housed at optimal (22 °C) and non-optimal (26 °C) water temperature were fed a fishmeal control diet or the same diet substituted with 30% soy-protein concentrate (SPC) in order to investigate impacts on host health and the microbial community composition of the skin mucosa, gut mucosa and digesta. Each of these sites was observed to have a distinct microbiome composition. The combination of SPC and housing at 26 °C significantly reduced weight gain in yellowtail kingfish and affected immune parameters. The overall microbial composition and relative abundance of specific operational taxonomic units (OTUs) was also significantly altered by inclusion of SPC at 26 °C, with a notable increase in an OTU identified as Photobacterium in the skin mucosa and digesta. Increased relative abundance of Photobacterium sp. was significantly correlated with reduced levels of digesta myeloperoxidase in yellowtail kingfish; a recognized innate immunity defense mechanism. The changes in the microbial communities of yellowtail kingfish fed a diet containing 30% SPC at 26 °C highlights the importance of considering the interactive effects of diet and environmental factors on microbiome health in farmed yellowtail kingfish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack Horlick
- Department of Molecular Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Mark A Booth
- NSW Department of Primary Industries, Port Stephens Fisheries Institute, Nelson Bay, NSW, Australia
| | - Sasha G Tetu
- Department of Molecular Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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20
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Zou S, Gong L, Khan TA, Pan L, Yan L, Li D, Cao L, Li Y, Ding X, Yi G, Sun Y, Hu S, Xia L. Comparative analysis and gut bacterial community assemblages of grass carp and crucian carp in new lineages from the Dongting Lake area. Microbiologyopen 2020; 9:e996. [PMID: 32175674 PMCID: PMC7221430 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota are known to play an important role in health and nutrition of the host and have been attracting an increasing attention. Farming of new lineages of grass carp and crucian carp has been developed rapidly as these species were found to outperform indigenous ones in terms of growth rate and susceptibility to diseases. Despite this rapid development, no studies have addressed the characteristics of their gut microbiota as a potential factor responsible for the improved characteristics. To reveal whether microbiomes of the new lineages are different from indigenous ones, and therefore could be responsible for improved growth features, intestinal microbiota from the new lineages were subjected to high-throughput sequencing. While the phyla Firmicutes, Fusobacteria and Proteobacteria were representing the core bacterial communities that comprised more than 75% in all fish intestinal samples, significant differences were found in the microbial community composition of the new linages versus indigenous fish populations, suggesting the possibility that results in the advantages of enhanced disease resistance and rapid growth for the new fish lineages. Bacterial composition was similar between herbivorous and omnivorous fish. The relative abundance of Bacteroidetes and Actinobacteria was significantly higher in omnivores compared to that of herbivores, whereas Cetobacterium_sp. was abundant in herbivores. We also found that the gut microbiota of freshwater fish in the Dongting lake area was distinct from those of other areas. Network graphs showed the reduced overall connectivity of gut bacteria in indigenous fish, whereas the bacteria of the new fish lineage groups showed hubs with more node degree. A phylogenetic investigation of communities by reconstruction of unobserved states inferred function profile showed several metabolic processes were more active in the new lineages compared to indigenous fish. Our findings suggest that differences in gut bacterial community composition may be an important factor contributing to the rapid growth and high disease resistance of the new fish lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Molecular BiologyCollege of Life ScienceHunan Normal UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Liang Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Molecular BiologyCollege of Life ScienceHunan Normal UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Tahir Ali Khan
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Molecular BiologyCollege of Life ScienceHunan Normal UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Lifei Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Molecular BiologyCollege of Life ScienceHunan Normal UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Liang Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Molecular BiologyCollege of Life ScienceHunan Normal UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Dongjie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Molecular BiologyCollege of Life ScienceHunan Normal UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Lina Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Molecular BiologyCollege of Life ScienceHunan Normal UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Yanping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Molecular BiologyCollege of Life ScienceHunan Normal UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Xuezhi Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Molecular BiologyCollege of Life ScienceHunan Normal UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Ganfeng Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Molecular BiologyCollege of Life ScienceHunan Normal UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Yunjun Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Molecular BiologyCollege of Life ScienceHunan Normal UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Shengbiao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Molecular BiologyCollege of Life ScienceHunan Normal UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Liqiu Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Molecular BiologyCollege of Life ScienceHunan Normal UniversityChangshaChina
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21
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López Nadal A, Ikeda-Ohtsubo W, Sipkema D, Peggs D, McGurk C, Forlenza M, Wiegertjes GF, Brugman S. Feed, Microbiota, and Gut Immunity: Using the Zebrafish Model to Understand Fish Health. Front Immunol 2020; 11:114. [PMID: 32117265 PMCID: PMC7014991 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Aquafeed companies aim to provide solutions to the various challenges related to nutrition and health in aquaculture. Solutions to promote feed efficiency and growth, as well as improving the fish health or protect the fish gut from inflammation may include dietary additives such as prebiotics and probiotics. The general assumption is that feed additives can alter the fish microbiota which, in turn, interacts with the host immune system. However, the exact mechanisms by which feed influences host-microbe-immune interactions in fish still remain largely unexplored. Zebrafish rapidly have become a well-recognized animal model to study host-microbe-immune interactions because of the diverse set of research tools available for these small cyprinids. Genome editing technologies can create specific gene-deficient zebrafish that may contribute to our understanding of immune functions. Zebrafish larvae are optically transparent, which allows for in vivo imaging of specific (immune) cell populations in whole transgenic organisms. Germ-free individuals can be reared to study host-microbe interactions. Altogether, these unique zebrafish features may help shed light on the mechanisms by which feed influences host-microbe-immune interactions and ultimately fish health. In this review, we first describe the anatomy and function of the zebrafish gut: the main surface where feed influences host-microbe-immune interactions. Then, we further describe what is currently known about the molecular pathways that underlie this interaction in the zebrafish gut. Finally, we summarize and critically review most of the recent research on prebiotics and probiotics in relation to alterations of zebrafish microbiota and immune responses. We discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the zebrafish as an animal model for other fish species to study feed effects on host-microbe-immune interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrià López Nadal
- Cell Biology and Immunology Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands.,Aquaculture and Fisheries Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Wakako Ikeda-Ohtsubo
- Laboratory of Animal Products Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Detmer Sipkema
- Microbiology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - David Peggs
- Skretting Aquaculture Research Centre, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Charles McGurk
- Skretting Aquaculture Research Centre, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Maria Forlenza
- Cell Biology and Immunology Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Geert F Wiegertjes
- Aquaculture and Fisheries Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Sylvia Brugman
- Cell Biology and Immunology Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
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22
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Tan F, Limbu SM, Qian Y, Qiao F, Du ZY, Zhang M. The Responses of Germ-Free Zebrafish ( Danio rerio) to Varying Bacterial Concentrations, Colonization Time Points, and Exposure Duration. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2156. [PMID: 31620110 PMCID: PMC6760068 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Colonizing germ-free (GF) zebrafish with specific bacterial species provides the possibility of understanding the influence on host biological processes including gene expression, development, immunity, and behavioral responses. It also enlightens our understanding on the host-microbe interactions within the physiological context of a living host. However, the responses of GF zebrafish to various colonization conditions such as bacterial concentrations, colonization time points, and exposure duration remain unclear. To address this issue, we explored the responses of GF zebrafish by using two bacterial species at varying concentrations, colonization time points and exposure duration. Therefore, we mono-associated GF zebrafish with Escherichia coli DH5α or Bacillus subtilis WB800N at concentrations ranging from 102 to 107 CFU/ml either at 3 day post fertilization (dpf) or 5 dpf for 24 or 48 h. We evaluated the responses of GF zebrafish by analyzing the survival rate, colonization efficiency, nutrients metabolism, intestinal cell proliferation, innate immunity, stress, and behavior responses by comparing it to conventionally raised zebrafish (CONR) and GF zebrafish. The results indicated that the final bacteria concentrations ranging from 102 to 104 CFU/ml did not cause any mortality when GF mono-associated larvae were exposed to either E. coli DH5α or B. subtilis WB800N at 3 or 5 dpf, while concentrations ranging from 106 to 107 CFU/ml increased the mortality, particularly for 5 dpf owing to the decrease in dissolved oxygen level. The E. coli DH5α mainly induced the expression of genes related to nutrients metabolism, cell proliferation and immunity, while B. subtilis WB800N mainly upregulated the expression of genes related to immunity and stress responses. Moreover, our data revealed that GF zebrafish showed higher levels of physical activity than CONR and the microbial colonization reduced the hyperactivity of GF zebrafish, suggesting colonization of bacteria affected behavior characteristics. This study provides useful information on bacterial colonization of GF zebrafish and the interaction between the host and microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Tan
- Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Environmental Health, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Samwel Mchele Limbu
- Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Environmental Health, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Technology, University of Dar es Salaam, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Ye Qian
- Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Environmental Health, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fang Qiao
- Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Environmental Health, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhen-Yu Du
- Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Environmental Health, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Meiling Zhang
- Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Environmental Health, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
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23
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Butt RL, Volkoff H. Gut Microbiota and Energy Homeostasis in Fish. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:9. [PMID: 30733706 PMCID: PMC6353785 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The microorganisms within the intestinal tract (termed gut microbiota) have been shown to interact with the gut-brain axis, a bidirectional communication system between the gut and the brain mediated by hormonal, immune, and neural signals. Through these interactions, the microbiota might affect behaviors, including feeding behavior, digestive/absorptive processes (e.g., by modulating intestinal motility and the intestinal barrier), metabolism, as well as the immune response, with repercussions on the energy homeostasis and health of the host. To date, research in this field has mostly focused on mammals. Studies on non-mammalian models such as fish may provide novel insights into the specific mechanisms involved in the microbiota-brain-gut axis. This review describes our current knowledge on the possible effects of microbiota on feeding, digestive processes, growth, and energy homeostasis in fish, with emphasis on the influence of brain and gut hormones, environmental factors, and inter-specific differences.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Helene Volkoff
- Departments of Biology and Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada
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