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Xie S, Yan J, Fu X, Yu G, Yan X, Yang F, Li B. Hepatitis C virus subtype distribution and resistance-associated substitutions in high-risk population groups in Guangdong Province, China. INFECTION, GENETICS AND EVOLUTION : JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY AND EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2024; 123:105653. [PMID: 39111345 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2024.105653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2024] [Revised: 07/21/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In Guangdong Province, hepatitis C virus (HCV) had been found to confer resistance to direct-acting antivirals (DAAs). There were few studies of HCV subtypes and resistance-associated substitutions (RASs) of HCV in different high-risk populations. In this study, we aimed to determine the subtype distribution and the RASs in high-risk population groups, including drug users (DU), men who have sex with men (MSM), female sex workers (FSW), and male patients with sexually transmitted diseases (STD) in Guangdong Province (a highly developed province with a large population). METHODS Using a city-based sampling strategy,1356 samples were obtained from different population groups. Phylogenetic analyses determined subtypes based on Core, NS5B, or NS5A sequences. HCV subtype distribution and RASs in various risk groups and regions were analyzed. RESULTS Ten subtypes, of which 6 h and 6 k were novel in Guangdong, were identified. The primary subtype among all risk groups was 6a. RASs in 1b and 3a were different from those observed in other studies. Subtype 3b in western Guangdong was higher than the other three regions. No RASs were found in 6a or any other genotype 6. CONCLUSIONS The HCV subtypes are expanding in high-risk populations in Guangdong. Drug use by other risk groups and commercial sex by DU may bridge the dissemination of 6a from DU to other populations. The RAS profiles of 1b and 3a differed from those reported in studies conducted in southwestern China. Further research is required to determine the reason for this discrepancy. Moreover, the combination of RASs was high in subtype 3b. To guide HCV treatment of subtype 3b, pretreatment subtyping of HCV genotype 3 should be considered in western cities in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilan Xie
- Institute of HIV/AIDS Prevention, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 511430, Guangdong, China
| | - Jin Yan
- Institute of Pathogenic Microorganism, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 511430, Guangdong, China.
| | - Xiaobing Fu
- Institute of HIV/AIDS Prevention, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 511430, Guangdong, China
| | - Guolong Yu
- Institute of Pathogenic Microorganism, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 511430, Guangdong, China
| | - Xinge Yan
- Institute of Pathogenic Microorganism, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 511430, Guangdong, China
| | - Fang Yang
- Institute of HIV/AIDS Prevention, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 511430, Guangdong, China
| | - Bosheng Li
- Institute of Pathogenic Microorganism, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 511430, Guangdong, China
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Schiano Moriello N, Pinchera B, Gentile I. Personalized care approaches to hepatitis C therapy: recent advances and future directions. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2024; 22:139-151. [PMID: 38459735 DOI: 10.1080/14787210.2024.2328336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The introduction of direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) has significantly transformed the therapeutic landscape for chronic C hepatitis virus (HCV) infection. However, there is still room for further improvement in optimizing therapy efficacy and minimizing adverse effects. AREAS COVERED This review is devoted to the rationale for adopting a personalized approach to HCV therapy. Specifically, we explore the role of host-related factors, such as sex or the presence of comorbidities. We thoroughly examine the implications of commonly encountered comorbidities, including HIV infection, chronic renal disease, liver cirrhosis, and other chronic viral hepatitis infections. Additionally, we discuss the prevalent drug-to-drug interactions between DAAs and other medications, while providing guidance on their management. Finally, we investigate viral-related issues that can influence treatment outcomes, such as viral genotype, quasi-species, and the presence of resistance-associated mutations. EXPERT OPINION Despite pivotal trials demonstrating efficacy rates exceeding 90% for currently available DAA regimens, there are still opportunities to optimize therapy outcomes and tailor treatment to each patient. This can be achieved through a meticulous evaluation of the patient's specific clinical conditions and comorbidities, a vigilant approach to manage potential drug interactions, and diligent patient follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Biagio Pinchera
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Ivan Gentile
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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Li M, Li Y, Zhang Y, Wang X, Lin C. Five-year follow-up of sustained virological response with hepatitis C infection after direct-acting antiviral therapy: A single-center retrospective study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e37212. [PMID: 38363923 PMCID: PMC10869073 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000037212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent years, direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) have dramatically improved the sustained virological response (SVR) rates in chronic hepatitis C (CHC) patients with their favorable safety and efficacy. However, there is a lack of data on the long-term prognosis of DAA therapy for CHC patients after achieving SVR in the real world. The aim of this study was to evaluate the long-term clinical prognosis of patients with chronic hepatitis C treated by DAA after achieving SVR. This study was a single-center, retrospective, observational study that included 243 CHC patients who reached SVR after DAA treatment in the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University from January 2017 to December 2021, with a median follow-up period (FUP) of 24 months, to assess the long-term prognosis and clinical outcomes of CHC patients who reached SVR by DAA treatment. A total of 243 patients were enrolled in this study, 151 patients were male, the mean age of this study was 46.7 ± 12.3 years old, and 23.0% (n = 56) patients were cirrhosis in the baseline. At the end of follow-up, 9 patients (3.7%) progressed to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and patients with cirrhosis at baseline (n = 5) had a significantly higher risk of HCC compared with noncirrhotic patients (n = 4; OR = 4.485, 95% CI: 1.162-17.318, P = .029); 2.9% patients (n = 7) relapsed at the median FUP of 12 months, and patients with genotype 3b had a significantly higher risk of relapsing than those without genotype 3b (OR = 18.48, P = .002, 95% CI: 2.866-119.169). ALT, AST, and ALB all showed improvement at the end of treatment compared with the baseline, remaining at normal levels during FUP meanwhile. The DAA-induced SVR was durable, with conspicuous improvement in clinical outcomes. Nevertheless, patients, especially patients with cirrhosis, still exist the risk of appearance of HCC after reaching SVR. Therefore, regular surveillance and monitoring is necessary even after patients reached SVR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyue Li
- Department of Infectious diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yiting Li
- Department of Infectious diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Infectious diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiangyang Wang
- GuangZhou International Travel Health Care Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chaoshuang Lin
- Department of Infectious diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Izhari MA. Molecular Mechanisms of Resistance to Direct-Acting Antiviral (DAA) Drugs for the Treatment of Hepatitis C Virus Infections. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:3102. [PMID: 37835845 PMCID: PMC10572573 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13193102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a hepatotropic virus that affects millions of human lives worldwide. Direct-acting antiviral (DAA) regimens are the most effective HCV treatment option. However, amino acid substitution-dependent resistance to DAAs has been a major challenge. This study aimed to determine the increasing risk of DAA resistance due to substitutions in DAA target non-structural proteins (NS3/4A, NS5A, and NS5B). Using a Sequence Retrieval System (SRS) at the virus pathogen resource (ViPR/BV-BRC), n = 32763 target protein sequences were retrieved and analyzed for resistance-associated amino acid substitutions (RAASs) by the Sequence Feature Variant Type (SFVT) antiviral-resistance assessment modeling tool. Reference target protein sequences with 100% identity were retried from UniProt following NCBI BLAST. The types and locations of RAASs were identified and visualized by AlphaFold and PyMol. Linux-r-base/R-studio was used for the data presentation. Multi-drug-resistant variants of NS3/4A in genotype 1 (n = 9) and genotype 5 (n = 5) along with DAA-specific NS3/4A, NS5A, and NS5B variants were identified pan-genotypically. A total of 27 variants (RAASs) of all the targets were identified. Fourteen genotype 1-specific substitutions: V1196A, V1158I, D1194A/T/G, R1181K, T1080S, Q1106R, V1062A, S1148G, A1182V, Y2065N, M2000T, and L2003V were identified. The most frequent substitutions were V1062L and L2003M, followed by Q2002H. L2003V, Q2002H, M2000T, Y2065N, and NL2003M of NS5A and L2003M of NS5B conferred resistance to daclatasvir. S2702T NS5B was the sofosbuvir-resistant variant. D1194A NS3/4A was triple DAA (simeprevir, faldaprevir, and asunaprevir) resistant. The double-drug resistant variants R1181K (faldaprevir and asunaprevir), A1182V and Q1106K/R (faldaprevir and simeprevir), T1080S (faldaprevir and telaprevir), and single drug-resistant variants V1062L (telaprevir), D1194E/T (simeprevir), D1194G (asunaprevir), S1148A/G (simeprevir), and Q1106L (Boceprevir) of NS3/4A were determined. The molecular phenomenon of DAA resistance is paramount in the development of HCV drug candidates. RAASs in NS3, NS5A, and NS5B reduce the susceptibility to DAAs; therefore, continuous RAAS-dependent resistance profiling in HCV is recommended to minimize the probability of DAA therapeutic failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Asrar Izhari
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Al-Baha University, Al-Baha 65522, Saudi Arabia
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Liu X, Chen Z, Tang Q, Hu P. Phylogenetic signature and prevalence of natural resistance-associated substitutions for hepatitis C virus genotypes 3a and 3b in southwestern China. J Virus Erad 2022; 8:100071. [PMID: 35757658 PMCID: PMC9218835 DOI: 10.1016/j.jve.2022.100071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Patients infected with hepatitis C (HCV) genotype (GT) 3, especially GT3b, are still difficult to cure. GT3b is more common than GT3a in southwestern China. Here we aimed to investigate the prevalence of naturally occurring RASs in HCV GT3 in southwestern China and performed phylogenetic analysis. Methods Serum samples were collected from patients with HCV GT3 infection. Sanger sequencing was used to validate resistance-associated substitutions (RASs). Phylogenetic analysis was performed using MEGA X and the observed-minus-expected-squared algorithm was used to analyze amino acid covariance. Results A total of 136 patients were enrolled, including 41 HCV GT3a and 95 GT3b infected patients. In the NS5A region, the proportion of RASs found in GT3b (99%) was notably higher than in GT3a (9%). In the NS3 region, RASs prevalence in GT3b (5%) was lower than in GT3a (24%). NS5B-specific RASs were rare. Both the NS5A30k and L31 M substitutions occurred in 96% of GT3b sequences. The A30K + L31M combination was found in 94% of GT3b isolates, however, there were no A30K or L31M mutations observed in the GT3a sequence. Conclusions Significant differences were observed between HCV GT3a and GT3b in terms of RAS prevalence. The origin of GT3a appears to be more diverse compared with GT3b in southern China. Studies specifically aimed at HCV GT3b infection should be initiated to gain more insight into this subtype.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Peng Hu
- Corresponding author. Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute for Viral Hepatitis, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases, Chinese Ministry of Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 74 Linjiang Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400010, China.,
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Xie Z, Deng K, Xia Y, Zhang C, Xu M, Li F, Liu J, Zhou Y, Chen X, Chen X, Yan Q, Huang J, Chen W, Wu S, Bai H, Li J, Guan Y. Efficacy and safety of direct-acting antiviral therapies and baseline predictors for treatment outcomes in hepatitis C patients: a multi-center, real-world study in Guangdong, China. J Med Virol 2022; 94:4459-4469. [PMID: 35545872 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.27851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
: The data on direct acting antivirals (DAA) in chronic hepatitis C (CHC) patients in southern China with multiple genotypes circulating are limited. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of DAA regimens among CHC patients in Guangdong, China. A total of 220 patients receiving a variety of DAA were enrolled. The primary outcome was sustained virologic response (SVR) at 12 weeks. Resistance associated substations (RAS) were evaluated by deep sequencing. The overall SVR rate was 96.4%, and was 97.7% for genotype 1, 100% for genotype 2, 91.9% for genotype 3, 95.7% for genotype 6, and 100% for untyped. The overall incidence of adverse events (AEs) was 8.2% (18/220) and all the AEs were mild. Nonstructural protein 5A RAS, 30K/31M and Y93H, were most prevalent at baseline and the end of treatment in non-SVR patients, respectively. Logistics regression showed that elevated ALT and AST at baseline were specifically associated with non-SVR in patients with genotype 3 and 6 infections (P = 0.029 and P = 0.017) but not genotype 1 infection (P = 0.746 and P = 0.971), and baseline AST was the best predictor for SVR in genotype 3 and 6 patients (area under curve = 0.890). CONCLUSION: All DAA regimens achieved ideal SVR and were well tolerated. NS5A RAS were prevalent in non-SVR patients. ALT and AST as baseline predictors for non-SVR in genotype 3 and 6 infections warrant further research in a larger cohort. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Xie
- Department of Hepatology, Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Kai Deng
- Infectious Disease Institute, Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yang Xia
- Department of Hepatology, Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Chunlan Zhang
- Department of Hepatology, Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Min Xu
- Department of Hepatology, Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Feng Li
- Infectious Disease Institute, Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jinfeng Liu
- Institution of Clinical Research, the First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuanping Zhou
- Department of Infectious Disease, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoping Chen
- Department of Infectious Disease, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuefu Chen
- Department of Infectious Disease, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qin Yan
- Department of Hepatology, Shenzhen Union Hospital of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Jing Huang
- Department of Infectious Disease, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenli Chen
- Department of Infectious Disease, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuduo Wu
- Department of Hepatology, Guangdong Province Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Honglian Bai
- Institution of Clinical Research, the First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Jianping Li
- Department of Hepatology, Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yujuan Guan
- Department of Hepatology, Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Hasanshahi Z, Hashempour A, Ghasabi F, Moayedi J, Musavi Z, Dehghani B, Sharafi H, Joulaei H. First report on molecular docking analysis and drug resistance substitutions to approved HCV NS5A and NS5B inhibitors amongst Iranian patients. BMC Gastroenterol 2021; 21:443. [PMID: 34819046 PMCID: PMC8612383 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-021-01988-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background NS5A and NS5B proteins of hepatitis C virus (HCV) are the main targets of compounds that directly inhibit HCV infections. However, the emergence of resistance-associated substitutions (RASs) may cause substantial reductions in susceptibility to inhibitors. Methods Viral load and genotyping were determined in eighty-seven naïve HCV-infected patients, and the amplified NS5A and NS5B regions were sequenced by Sanger sequencing. In addition, physicochemical properties, structural features, immune epitopes, and inhibitors-protein interactions of sequences were analyzed using several bioinformatics tools. Results Several amino acid residue changes were found in NS5A and NS5B proteins; however, we did not find any mutations related to resistance to the treatment in NS5B. Different phosphorylation and few glycosylation sites were assessed. Disulfide bonds were identified in both proteins that had a significant effect on the function and structure of HCV proteins. Applying reliable software to predict B-cell epitopes, 3 and 5 regions were found for NS5A and NS5B, respectively, representing a considerable potential to induce the humoral immune system. Docking analysis determined amino acids involved in the interaction of inhibitors and mentioned proteins may not decrease the drug efficiency. Conclusions Strong interactions between inhibitors, NS5A and NS5B proteins and the lack of efficient drug resistance mutations in the analyzed sequences may confirm the remarkable ability of NS5A and NS5B inhibitors to control HCV infection amongst Iranian patients. The results of bioinformatics analysis could unveil all features of both proteins, which can be beneficial for further investigations on HCV drug resistance and designing novel vaccines. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12876-021-01988-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Hasanshahi
- Shiraz HIV/AIDS Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ava Hashempour
- Shiraz HIV/AIDS Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Farzane Ghasabi
- Shiraz HIV/AIDS Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Javad Moayedi
- Shiraz HIV/AIDS Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Zahra Musavi
- Shiraz HIV/AIDS Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Behzad Dehghani
- Shiraz HIV/AIDS Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Heidar Sharafi
- Baqiyatallah Research Center for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Middle East Liver Diseases (MELD) Center, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hassan Joulaei
- Shiraz HIV/AIDS Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Liu J, Zhang Y, Wu B, Wang S, Bin-Chia Wu D, You R. Cost-Effectiveness of Testing for NS5A Resistance to Optimize Treatment of Elbasvir/Grazoprevir for Chronic Hepatitis C in China. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:717504. [PMID: 34721016 PMCID: PMC8554024 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.717504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Baseline presence of nonstructural protein 5A (NS5A) resistance-associated variants can attenuate the efficacy of new direct-acting antivirals. A potential method to attain the higher efficacy would be to screen for NS5A polymorphisms prior to the initiation of therapy and to adjust the treatment length based on the test results. However, baseline testing adds additional costs and it is unclear whether this would represent a high value strategy for chronic hepatitis C in China. Methods: A hybrid model compared 1) standard 12-weeks treatment (no testing), 2) shortened 8-weeks treatment (no testing), and 3) baseline testing with 12-/8-weeks treatment for those with/without NS5A polymorphisms from a lifetime Chinese health care payer perspective. All model inputs were retrieved from clinical trials and publically available literature. And sensitivity analyses were also conducted to assess the impact of uncertainty. Results: Baseline testing was associated with overall increase in total health care cost of USD 13.50 and in QALYs of 0.002 compared with standard 12-weeks treatment (no testing), yielded in an ICER of USD 6750/QALY gained. Scenario analyses suggested that shortened 8-weeks treatment (no testing) was found to be lower costs and great QALYs compared with other two strategies when the sustained virologic response (SVR) rate increased to 95%. Sensitivity analyses indicated that the results were robust. Conclusions: Our results suggest prior assessment of NS5A sensitivity followed by optimizing treatment duration was an economic strategy. In addition, shortened 8-weeks treatment (no testing) was shown to be dominant with the SVR rate increased to 95%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyu Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Bin Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Sen Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - David Bin-Chia Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ruxu You
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Isakov V, Hedskog C, Wertheim JO, Hostager RE, Parhy B, Schneider ADB, Suri V, Mo H, Geivandova N, Morozov V, Bessonova E, Gankina N, Zhdanov K, Abdurakhmanov D, Svarovskaia E. Prevalence of resistance-associated substitutions and phylogenetic analysis of hepatitis C virus infection in Russia. Int J Infect Dis 2021; 113:36-42. [PMID: 34560266 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2021.09.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Due to limited hepatitis C virus (HCV) sequence availability from patients in Russia, the relationship between subtypes and baseline resistance-associated substitutions (RAS) to direct antiretroviral treatment outcome is not fully understood. METHODS Deep sequencing of HCV NS3, NS5A, and NS5B sequences was performed on plasma HCV samples from 412 direct-acting antiviral (DAA)-naïve patients from Russia. Phylogenetic analysis was performed to investigate sequence similarities between HCV strains from Russia, Asia, Europe, and North America. Pretreatment HCV RAS was assessed with a 15% cutoff. RESULTS HCV genotype GT1b and GT3a sequences in Russia were related to strains in Europe and Asia. The prevalence of GT1a and GT2a was low in Russia. In GT1b, the prevalence of NS5A Y93H was lower in Russia (6%) compared with Asia (15%). The prevalence of NS5B L159F was similar between Russia and Europe (26-39%). GT3a RAS prevalence was similar between Russia and Asia, Europe, and North America. The 2k/1b recombinant strain in Russia was related to strains from Europe. A higher prevalence of the NS5A RAS L31M (10%) was observed in 2k/1b sequences compared to GT1b (1-6%). CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of RASs and the phylogenetic analysis showed similarities in HCV strains between Russia, Europe, and North America. This information may be useful for HCV regimens in Russia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasily Isakov
- Federal Research Center of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Joel O Wertheim
- University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
| | | | - Bandita Parhy
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., Foster City, California, USA.
| | | | - Vithika Suri
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., Foster City, California, USA
| | - Hongmei Mo
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., Foster City, California, USA
| | | | | | - Elena Bessonova
- Sverdlovsk Regional Clinical Hospital, Yekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Natalya Gankina
- Krasnoyarsk Regional Center of Prevention and Control of AIDS, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
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Wang X, Wei L. Direct-acting Antiviral Regimens for Patients with Chronic Infection of Hepatitis C Virus Genotype 3 in China. J Clin Transl Hepatol 2021; 9:419-427. [PMID: 34221928 PMCID: PMC8237141 DOI: 10.14218/jcth.2020.00097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype (GT)3 infection is associated with a more rapid hepatic disease progression than the other genotypes. Hence, early HCV clearance slows down the disease progression and is important for improving prognosis in GT3-infected patients. Nevertheless, compared with other genotypes, GT3 is difficult-to-treat with direct-acting antivirals, especially in the presence of cirrhosis. Current guidelines recommend several regimens which have been proven to be effective in GT3-infected patients from the Western world (North America, Europe, and Oceania). In China, GT3 infection comprises 8.7-11.7% of the 10 million patients infected with HCV and has strikingly different characteristics from that in Western countries. Unlike the Western countries, where GT3a is the predominant subtype, GT3a and 3b each affect roughly half of Chinese GT3-infected patients, with 94-96% of the GT3b-infected patients carrying A30K+L31M double NS5A resistance-associated substitutions. Phase 3 clinical trials including GT3b-infected patients have suggested that GT3b infection is difficult to cure, making the regimen choice for GT3b-infected patients an urgent clinical gap to be filled. This review includes discussions on the epidemiology of HCV GT3 in China, recommendations from guidelines, and clinical data from both Western countries and China. The aim is to provide knowledge that will elucidate the challenges in treating Chinese GT3-infected patients and propose potential solutions and future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozhong Wang
- Department of Hepatology, Affiliated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Lai Wei
- Hepatopancreatobiliary Center, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Correspondence to: Lai Wei, Hepatopancreatobiliary Center, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, 168 Litang Rd, Changping District, Beijing 102218, China. Tel: +86-10-56118881, Fax: +86-10-56118566, E-mail:
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Rahimi P, Sharafi H, Bahramali G, SajadianFard F, Asadi NS, Alavian SM, Iranpur Mobarakeh V, Moravej SZ. Prevalence of Naturally-Occurring NS5A and NS5B Resistance-Associated Substitutions in Iranian Patients With Chronic Hepatitis C Infection. Front Microbiol 2021; 11:617375. [PMID: 33584581 PMCID: PMC7876467 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.617375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatitis C virus (HCV), non-structural 5A (NS5A), and non-structural 5B (NS5B) resistance-associated substitutions (RASs) are the main causes of failure to direct-acting antiviral agents (DAAs). NS5A and NS5B RASs can occur in patients with HCV infection naturally and before exposure to DAAs. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to evaluate naturally-occurring NS5A and NS5B RASs in Iranian patients with HCV genotype 1a (HCV-1a) and -3a infections. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, viral RNA was extracted from serum specimens. NS5A and NS5B regions were amplified using RT-PCR followed by DNA sequencing. The results of nucleotide sequences were aligned against reference sequences of HCV-1a and -3a and the amino acid substitutions were analyzed using geno2pheno [hcv] web application. RESULTS Among 135 patients with hepatitis C, NS5A amino acid substitutions/RASs were identified in 26.4% and 15.9% of patients with HCV-1a and -3a infections, respectively. The identified amino acid substitutions/RASs in the NS5A region of patients with HCV-1a infection were M28T/V/I 11.1%, Q30R/H 4.2%, L31M 1.4%, and H58Y/P/C/D/Q/S/T 16.7%. Y93H substitution was not found in HCV-1a sequences. In patients with HCV-3a infection, NS5A amino acid substitutions/RASs were A30T/K 9.5%, L31F 1.6%, P58S/T/C 3.2%, Y93H 3.2%, and Y93N 3.2%. No resistance substitutions were identified in NS5B sequences from patients with HCV-1a and -3a infections. CONCLUSION In this study, baseline amino acid substitutions/RASs were only identified in the NS5A region in Iranian patients with HCV-1a and -3a infections, and the prevalence of these amino acid substitutions/RASs were in accordance with similar studies. There were no RASs in the HCV-1a and -3a NS5B region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooneh Rahimi
- Department of Hepatitis and AIDS, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Golnaz Bahramali
- Department of Hepatitis and AIDS, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
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Gao Y, Kong F, Li G, Li C, Zheng S, Lin J, Wen X, Hu J, Wang X, Wu X, Xing H, Jia J, Jia Z, Guan Y, Li C, Wu G, Gao Z, Mou Z, Ning Q, Mao Q, Yang Y, Ning J, Li L, Pan H, Zhou D, Ding Y, Qin H, Niu J. Coblopasvir and sofosbuvir for treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus infection in China: A single-arm, open-label, phase 3 trial. Liver Int 2020; 40:2685-2693. [PMID: 33047868 PMCID: PMC7702130 DOI: 10.1111/liv.14633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIM An affordable, pangenotypic regimen remains as an unmet medical need for chronic hepatitis C patients in China. This single-arm, open-label, multicenter, phase 3 trial evaluated the efficacy and safety of coblopasvir, a pangenotypic non-structural protein 5A (NS5A) inhibitor, combined with sofosbuvir for treating Chinese patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. METHODS Treatment-naïve and interferon-experienced adult patients, including those with advanced fibrosis (F3) or compensated cirrhosis (F4), were treated with a universal, combinational regimen of coblopasvir 60 mg and sofosbuvir 400 mg, once daily, for 12 weeks. The primary efficacy endpoint was sustained virological response at post-treatment week 12 (SVR12). RESULTS Overall, 371 patients (men, 51%; age, 47 ± 11 years; genotype 1a < 1%, 1b 48%, 2a 26%, 3a 6%, 3b 7% and 6 12%) were enrolled from 19 sites. Fifty-one patients (14%) had F3, 39 patients (11%) had F4 and 39 patients (11%) were interferon experienced. The overall SVR12 was 97% (95% CI, [94%, 98%]) for the full analysis set and was equal to or above 90% for all predefined subsets. Ten patients (3%) experienced virological relapse and two patients did not complete follow-up. No adverse events (AEs) occurred at a frequency ≥5%, and the most often reported AEs (≥1%) were neutropenia and fatigue. The majority of AEs were mild to moderate and transient without specific medical intervention. CONCLUSIONS The universal, pangenotypic combo of coblopasvir plus sofosbuvir is an efficacious and safe treatment for Chinese patients monoinfected with HCV of genotype 1, 2, 3 and 6, including those with compensated cirrhosis. LAY SUMMARY The regimen of coblopasvir and sofosbuvir is a safe and effective treatment for Chinese patients with genotype 1, 2, 3 and 6 HCV infection, including those with compensated cirrhosis. Therefore, this regimen would be a novel choice of treatment for this patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhang Gao
- Department of Hepatologythe First Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Fei Kong
- Department of Hepatologythe First Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Guangming Li
- Cirrhosis DepartmentZhengzhou Sixth Municipal People’s HospitalZhengzhouHenanChina
| | - Cheng Li
- Cirrhosis DepartmentZhengzhou Sixth Municipal People’s HospitalZhengzhouHenanChina
| | - Sujun Zheng
- Difficult & Complicated Liver Diseases and Artificial Liver CenterBeijing You An HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Jianmei Lin
- Department of Infectious DiseasesSichuan Provincial People’s HospitalChengduSichuanChina
| | - Xiaofeng Wen
- Department of HepatologyLiuzhou People’s HospitalLiuzhouChina
| | - Jinghua Hu
- Liver Failure Treatment and Research Centerthe Fifth Medical Center of PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Xiaozhong Wang
- Department of HepatologyXinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Traditional Chinese Medicine HospitalUrumqiXinjiangChina
| | - Xiaofeng Wu
- Department of HepatologyShenyang Sixth People’s HospitalShenyang, LiaoningChina
| | - Huichun Xing
- Department of Hepatology Division 3Beijing Ditan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Jidong Jia
- Liver Research CenterBeijing Youyi Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Zhansheng Jia
- Department of Infectious Diseasesthe Second Affiliated Hospital of People’s Liberation Army Air Force Medical UniversityXi’an, ShaanxiChina
| | - Yujuan Guan
- Department of HepatologyGuangzhou Eighth People’s HospitalGuangzhouChina
| | - Chenghao Li
- Department of GastroenterologyYanbian University Affiliated HospitalYanjiJilinChina
| | - Guicheng Wu
- Department of HepatologyChongqing University Three Gorges HospitalChongqing Three Gorges Central HospitalWanzhou, ChongqingChina
| | - Zhiliang Gao
- Department of Infectious Diseasesthe Third Affiliated Hospital of Dr Sun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Zhuangbo Mou
- Department of HepatologyJi’nan Municipal Hospital of Infectious DiseasesJi’nan, ShandongChina
| | - Qin Ning
- Department of Infectious DiseasesTongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanHubeiChina
| | - Qing Mao
- Institute of Infectious Diseasesthe First Affiliated Hospital of People’s Liberation Army Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Yongfeng Yang
- Department of HepatologyNanjing Second Municipal HospitalNanjingChina
| | - Jing Ning
- Research and Development CenterBeijing Kawin Technology Share‐Holding Co., LtdBeijingChina
| | - Li Li
- Research and Development CenterBeijing Kawin Technology Share‐Holding Co., LtdBeijingChina
| | - Hai Pan
- Research and Development CenterBeijing Kawin Technology Share‐Holding Co., LtdBeijingChina
| | - Desheng Zhou
- Research and Development CenterBeijing Kawin Technology Share‐Holding Co., LtdBeijingChina
| | - Yanhua Ding
- The Department of Phase I Clinical Trialthe First Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchun, JilinChina
| | - Hong Qin
- Research and Development CenterBeijing Kawin Technology Share‐Holding Co., LtdBeijingChina
- Present address:
Clinical DevelopmentHangzhou Sciwind Biosciences Co., LtdHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Junqi Niu
- Department of Hepatologythe First Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunChina
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Pawlotsky JM. About the absolute need to keep active research on the efficacy of direct-acting antiviral drugs against the hepatitis C virus. J Hepatol 2020; 73:752-754. [PMID: 32732060 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2020.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Michel Pawlotsky
- National Reference Center for Viral Hepatitis B, C and D, Department of Virology, Hôpital Henri Mondor, Université Paris-Est, Créteil, France; 'Viruses, Hepatology, Cancer' Research Unit, INSERM U955, Créteil, France.
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Jiang X, Lv X, Chang L, Yan Y, Ji H, Sun H, Guo F, Rodgers MA, Yin P, Wang L. Molecular characterization of hepatitis C virus for subtype determination and resistance-associated substitutions detection among Chinese voluntary blood donors. Antiviral Res 2020; 181:104871. [PMID: 32717286 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2020.104871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The high prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and the resulting burden of the disease are significant issues to public health worldwide. Although direct-acting antiviral drugs (DAAs) with good tolerance and bioavailability are available, resistance-associated substitutions (RASs) often jeopardize the successful sustainment of virological responses in HCV treatment. High-frequency baseline RASs in treatment-naïve patients can lead to failures in DAA treatment. Clinical data on HCV RASs in patients from China are limited and require investigations. METHODS 262 HCV RNA positive plasma from Chinese blood donors were genotyped and amplified with subtype-specific primers for NS3 and NS5A regions. RASs were analyzed using Geno2pheno. The codon usage of each resistance-associated substitution was calculated for genetic barrier analysis. RESULTS The two main subtypes in mainland China were 1b and 2a, followed by subtype 6a, 3b, 3a, and 1a. In NS3 region of 1b subtype, substitutions (T54S, V55A, Y56F, Q80 K/L, S122 G/T, R117 H/C, V170I and S174A) were present in 89.7% (96/107) of the samples. Other RASs (M28L, R30Q, P58 L/S and Y93H) were observed in 22.1% (25/113) of the samples in NS5A region. A crucial RAS, Q80K, and two other mutations (S122G + V170I) was identified in the same sequence, which reduced its susceptibility to protease inhibitor ASV and resulted in resistance to SMV. In NS5A, Y93H was detected in 9.7% (11/113) of the 1b samples, leading to medium-to-high level resistance to all six commercialized NS5A inhibitors. S122G-NS3 and Y93H-NS5A occurred simultaneously in 38.1% (7/22) of the samples with mutations in both two regions. Moreover, codon usage of S122G-NS3 and Y93H-NS5A revealed that both variants had the lowest genetic barrier and required only one transition to confer resistance. CONCLUSIONS Low genetic barriers facilitated the generation of resistance mutants and threated the efficacy of DAA regimens. The baseline RASs posed a great challenge to real-world DAA application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Jiang
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, PR China; Beijing Engineering Research Center of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Hospital, PR China; Graduate School, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, PR China.
| | - Xiaoting Lv
- Abbott Laboratories, Research and Development, Shanghai, PR China.
| | - Le Chang
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, PR China; Beijing Engineering Research Center of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Hospital, PR China.
| | - Ying Yan
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, PR China; Beijing Engineering Research Center of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Hospital, PR China.
| | - Huimin Ji
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, PR China; Beijing Engineering Research Center of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Hospital, PR China.
| | - Huizhen Sun
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, PR China; Beijing Engineering Research Center of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Hospital, PR China; Graduate School, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, PR China.
| | - Fei Guo
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, PR China; Beijing Engineering Research Center of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Hospital, PR China.
| | - Mary A Rodgers
- Abbott Laboratories, Infectious Disease Research, Abbott Park, IL, USA.
| | - Peng Yin
- Abbott Laboratories, Infectious Disease Research, Abbott Park, IL, USA.
| | - Lunan Wang
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, PR China; Beijing Engineering Research Center of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Hospital, PR China; Graduate School, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, PR China.
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15
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Factors Influencing the Prevalence of Resistance-Associated Substitutions in NS5A Protein in Treatment-Naive Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C. Biomedicines 2020; 8:biomedicines8040080. [PMID: 32272736 PMCID: PMC7235841 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8040080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) revolutionized treatment of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Resistance-associated substitutions (RASs) present at the baseline impair response to DAA due to rapid selection of resistant HCV strains. NS5A is indispensable target of the current DAA treatment regimens. We evaluated prevalence of RASs in NS5A in DAA-naïve patients infected with HCV 1a (n = 19), 1b (n = 93), and 3a (n = 90) before systematic DAA application in the territory of the Russian Federation. Total proportion of strains carrying at least one RAS constituted 35.1% (71/202). In HCV 1a we detected only M28V (57.9%) attributed to a founder effect. Common RASs in HCV 1b were R30Q (7.5%), L31M (5.4%), P58S (4.4%), and Y93H (5.4%); in HCV 3a, A30S (31.0%), A30K (5.7%), S62L (8.9%), and Y93H (2.2%). Prevalence of RASs in NS5A of HCV 1b and 3a was similar to that worldwide, including countries practicing massive DAA application, i.e., it was not related to treatment. NS5A with and without RASs exhibited different co-variance networks, which could be attributed to the necessity to preserve viral fitness. Majority of RASs were localized in polymorphic regions subjected to immune pressure, with selected substitutions allowing immune escape. Altogether, this explains high prevalence of RAS in NS5A and low barrier for their appearance in DAA-inexperienced population.
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16
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Nozaki A, Atsukawa M, Kondo C, Toyoda H, Chuma M, Nakamuta M, Uojima H, Takaguchi K, Ikeda H, Watanabe T, Ogawa S, Itokawa N, Arai T, Hiraoka A, Asano T, Fujioka S, Ikegami T, Shima T, Ogawa C, Akahane T, Shimada N, Fukunishi S, Abe H, Tsubota A, Genda T, Okubo H, Mikami S, Morishita A, Moriya A, Tani J, Tachi Y, Hotta N, Ishikawa T, Okanoue T, Tanaka Y, Kumada T, Iwakiri K, Maeda S. The effectiveness and safety of glecaprevir/pibrentasvir in chronic hepatitis C patients with refractory factors in the real world: a comprehensive analysis of a prospective multicenter study. Hepatol Int 2020; 14:225-238. [PMID: 32128704 DOI: 10.1007/s12072-020-10019-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Direct-acting anti-virals (DAAs) have markedly improved the effectiveness of anti-viral therapy for chronic hepatitis C (CHC) patients. In a phase III trial in Japan, treatment with the NS3/4A protease inhibitor glecaprevir and the NS5A inhibitor pibrentasvir (G/P) resulted in a small number of patients with refractory factors. We aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of G/P, especially among patients with these refractory factors, and the influence of these factors on treatment. METHODS In a prospective, multicenter study involving 33 medical institutions, 1439 patients were treated with G/P, and their efficacy, safety, and most frequent adverse effects (AEs) were analyzed. RESULTS Overall SVR12 rates were 99.1% (1397/1410) in the per-protocol-analysis, and genotype sustained virologic response SVR12 rates were: genotype 1, 99.4% (707/711); genotype 2, 99.4% (670/674); genotype 3, 80.0% (16/20). DAA-naïve patients (p = 0.008) with HCV genotype except 3 (genotype 1 vs. 3, p = 2.68 × 10-5; genotype 2 vs. 3, p = 3.28 × 10-5) had significantly higher SVR12 rates. No significant difference was observed between CKD stage 1-3 (99.1% [1209/1220]) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) stage 4-5 (98.9% [188/190]) patients, or between cirrhotic (99.0% [398/402]) and non-cirrhotic (99.1% [999/1008]) patients. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that genotype 3 [OR 33.404, 95% CI (7.512-148.550), p value (p = 4.06 × 10-5)] and past experience of IFN-free DAAs [OR 3.977, 95% CI (1.153-13.725), p value (p = 0.029)] were both significantly independent predictors of non-SVR12. AEs were reported in 28.2% of patients, and 1.6% discontinued treatment owing to drug-related AEs. AEs were significantly higher in CKD stage 4-5 (41.6% [79/190]) than CKD stage 1-3 (26.1% [319/1220]) patients (p = 2.00 × 10-5). AEs were also significantly higher in cirrhotic (38.6% [155/402]) than in non-cirrhotic (24.1% [243/1008]) (p = 2.91 × 10-18) patients. CONCLUSIONS G/P regimen is highly effective and safe to treat CHC patients even with refractory factors such as CKD and advanced liver fibrosis. However, patients with past experience of IFN-free DAA treatment and genotype 3, CKD stage 4 or 5, and advanced liver fibrosis should be more closely observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akito Nozaki
- Gastroenterological Center, Yokohama City University Medical Center, 4-57 Urafune-cho, Minami-ku, Yokohama, 232-0024, Japan.
| | - Masanori Atsukawa
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chisa Kondo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hidenori Toyoda
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ogaki Municipal Hospital, Ogaki, Japan
| | - Makoto Chuma
- Gastroenterological Center, Yokohama City University Medical Center, 4-57 Urafune-cho, Minami-ku, Yokohama, 232-0024, Japan
| | - Makoto Nakamuta
- National Hospital Organization Kyushu Medical Center, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Haruki Uojima
- Department of Gastroenterology, Internal Medicine, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Koichi Takaguchi
- Department of Hepatology, Kagawa Prefectural Central Hospital, Takamatsu, Japan
| | - Hiroki Ikeda
- Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Tsunamasa Watanabe
- Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Shintaro Ogawa
- Department of Virology and Liver Unit, Nagoya City University, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Aichi, Japan
| | - Norio Itokawa
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Nippon Medical School Chiba Hokusoh Hospital, Inzai, Japan
| | - Taeang Arai
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Nippon Medical School Musashikosugi Hospital, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Atsushi Hiraoka
- Gastroenterology Center, Ehime Prefectural Central Hospital, Matsuyama, Japan
| | - Toru Asano
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tokyo Metropolitan Bokutoh Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinichi Fujioka
- Department of Gastroenterology, Okayama Saiseikai General Hospital, Okayama, Japan
| | - Tadashi Ikegami
- Tokyo Medical University Ibaraki Medical Center, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Toshihide Shima
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Saiseikai Suita Hospital, Suita, Japan
| | - Chikara Ogawa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Takamatsu Red Cross Hospital, Takamatsu, Japan
| | - Takehiro Akahane
- Department of Gastroenterology, Japanese Red Cross Ishinomaki Hospital, Ishinomaki, Japan
| | - Noritomo Shimada
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Otakanomori Hospital, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Shinya Fukunishi
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Osaka Medical College, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Abe
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shinmatsudo Central General Hospital, Matsudo, Japan
| | - Akihito Tsubota
- Core Research Facilities for Basic Science, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takuya Genda
- Department of Gastroenterology, Juntendo Shizuoka University Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Hironao Okubo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Juntendo Nerima University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shigeru Mikami
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kikkoman General Hospital, Noda, Japan
| | - Asahiro Morishita
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kagawa University Graduate School of Medicine, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Akio Moriya
- Department of Gastroenterology, Mitoyo General Hospital, Kannonji, Japan
| | - Joji Tani
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yashima General Hospital, Takamatsu, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Tachi
- Bantane Hospital, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Naoki Hotta
- Division of Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Masuko Memorial Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Toru Ishikawa
- Department of Hepatology, Saiseikai Niigata Daini Hospital, Niigata, Japan
| | - Takeshi Okanoue
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Saiseikai Suita Hospital, Suita, Japan
| | - Yasuhito Tanaka
- Department of Virology and Liver Unit, Nagoya City University, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Aichi, Japan
| | - Takashi Kumada
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ogaki Municipal Hospital, Ogaki, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Iwakiri
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shin Maeda
- Gastroenterological Center, Yokohama City University Medical Center, 4-57 Urafune-cho, Minami-ku, Yokohama, 232-0024, Japan.,Department of Gastroenterology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
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Pawlotsky JM. DAA failures in African patients with "unusual" HCV subtypes: Hey! Didn't you know there was another world? J Hepatol 2019; 71:1070-1072. [PMID: 31648816 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2019.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Michel Pawlotsky
- National Reference Center for Viral Hepatitis B, C and D, Department of Virology, Hôpital Henri Mondor, Université Paris-Est, Créteil, France; INSERM U955, Créteil, France.
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