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Fernandes-Martins MC, Springer C, Colman DR, Boyd ES. Acquisition of elemental sulfur by sulfur-oxidising Sulfolobales. Environ Microbiol 2024; 26:e16691. [PMID: 39206712 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.16691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Elemental sulfur (S8 0)-oxidising Sulfolobales (Archaea) dominate high-temperature acidic hot springs (>80°C, pH <4). However, genomic analyses of S8 0-oxidising members of the Sulfolobales reveal a patchy distribution of genes encoding sulfur oxygenase reductase (SOR), an S8 0 disproportionating enzyme attributed to S8 0 oxidation. Here, we report the S8 0-dependent growth of two Sulfolobales strains previously isolated from acidic hot springs in Yellowstone National Park, one of which associated with bulk S8 0 during growth and one that did not. The genomes of each strain encoded different sulfur metabolism enzymes, with only one encoding SOR. Dialysis membrane experiments showed that direct contact is not required for S8 0 oxidation in the SOR-encoding strain. This is attributed to the generation of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) from S8 0 disproportionation that can diffuse out of the cell to solubilise bulk S8 0 to form soluble polysulfides (Sx 2-) and/or S8 0 nanoparticles that readily diffuse across dialysis membranes. The Sulfolobales strain lacking SOR required direct contact to oxidise S8 0, which could be overcome by the addition of H2S. High concentrations of S8 0 inhibited the growth of both strains. These results implicate alternative strategies to acquire and metabolise sulfur in Sulfolobales and have implications for their distribution and ecology in their hot spring habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carli Springer
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, USA
| | - Daniel R Colman
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, USA
| | - Eric S Boyd
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, USA
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2
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Tiwari ON, Bobby MN, Kondi V, Halder G, Kargarzadeh H, Ikbal AMA, Bhunia B, Thomas S, Efferth T, Chattopadhyay D, Palit P. Comprehensive review on recent trends and perspectives of natural exo-polysaccharides: Pioneering nano-biotechnological tools. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 265:130747. [PMID: 38479657 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/18/2024]
Abstract
Exopolysaccharides (EPSs), originating from various microbes, and mushrooms, excel in their conventional role in bioremediation to showcase diverse applications emphasizing nanobiotechnology including nano-drug carriers, nano-excipients, medication and/or cell encapsulation, gene delivery, tissue engineering, diagnostics, and associated treatments. Acknowledged for contributions to adsorption, nutrition, and biomedicine, EPSs are emerging as appealing alternatives to traditional polymers, for biodegradability and biocompatibility. This article shifts away from the conventional utility to delve deeply into the expansive landscape of EPS applications, particularly highlighting their integration into cutting-edge nanobiotechnological methods. Exploring EPS synthesis, extraction, composition, and properties, the discussion emphasizes their structural diversity with molecular weight and heteropolymer compositions. Their role as raw materials for value-added products takes center stage, with critical insights into recent applications in nanobiotechnology. The multifaceted potential, biological relevance, and commercial applicability of EPSs in contemporary research and industry align with the nanotechnological advancements coupled with biotechnological nano-cleansing agents are highlighted. EPS-based nanostructures for biological applications have a bright future ahead of them. Providing crucial information for present and future practices, this review sheds light on how eco-friendly EPSs derived from microbial biomass of terrestrial and aquatic environments can be used to better understand contemporary nanobiotechnology for the benefit of society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onkar Nath Tiwari
- Centre for Conservation and Utilization of Blue Green Algae, Division of Microbiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India.
| | - Md Nazneen Bobby
- Department of Biotechnology, Vignan's Foundation for Science, Technology & Research, Vadlamudi, Andhra Pradesh 522213, India
| | - Vanitha Kondi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Vishnu Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Narsapur, Medak 502313, Telangana, India
| | - Gopinath Halder
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Durgapur, West Bengal 713209, India
| | - Hanieh Kargarzadeh
- Center of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Seinkiewicza 112, 90-363 Lodz, Poland
| | - Abu Md Ashif Ikbal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Drug Discovery Research Laboratory, Assam University, Silchar 788011, India
| | - Biswanath Bhunia
- Department of Bio Engineering, National Institute of Technology Agartala, Jirania 799046, India
| | - Sabu Thomas
- School of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Mahatma Gandhi University, Priyadarshini Hills, Athirampuzha, Kerala, 686560, India; Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box, 17011, Doornfontein, 2028, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Debprasad Chattopadhyay
- ICMR-National Institute of Traditional Medicine, Nehru Nagar, Belagavi 590010, India; School of Life Sciences, Swami Vivekananda University, Barrackpore, Kolkata 700102, India
| | - Partha Palit
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Drug Discovery Research Laboratory, Assam University, Silchar 788011, India.
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Sanjurjo-Sánchez J, Alves C, Freire-Lista DM. Biomineral deposits and coatings on stone monuments as biodeterioration fingerprints. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 912:168846. [PMID: 38036142 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Biominerals deposition processes, also called biomineralisation, are intimately related to biodeterioration on stone surfaces. They include complex processes not always completely well understood. The study of biominerals implies the identification of organisms, their molecular mechanisms, and organism/rock/atmosphere interactions. Sampling restrictions of monument stones difficult the biominerals study and the in situ demonstrating of biodeterioration processes. Multidisciplinary works are required to understand the whole process. Thus, studies in heritage buildings have taken advantage of previous knowledge acquired thanks to laboratory experiments, investigations carried out on rock outcrops and within caves from some years ago. With the extrapolation of such knowledge to heritage buildings and the advances in laboratory techniques, there has been a huge increase of knowledge regarding biomineralisation and biodeterioration processes in stone monuments during the last 20 years. These advances have opened new debates about the implications on conservation interventions, and the organism's role in stone conservation and decay. This is a review of the existing studies of biominerals formation, biodeterioration on laboratory experiments, rocks, caves, and their application to building stones of monuments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carlos Alves
- LandS/Lab2PT-Landscapes, Heritage and Territory Laboratory (FCT-UIDB/04509/2020) and Earth Sciences Department/School of Sciences, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - David M Freire-Lista
- Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, UTAD, Escola de Ciências da Vida e do Ambiente, Quinta dos Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; Centro de Geociências, Universidade de Coimbra, Portugal
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Manesh MJH, Willard DJ, Lewis AM, Kelly RM. Extremely thermoacidophilic archaea for metal bioleaching: What do their genomes tell Us? BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 391:129988. [PMID: 37949149 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Elevated temperatures favor bioleaching processes through faster kinetics, more favorable mineral chemistry, lower cooling requirements, and less surface passivation. Extremely thermoacidophilic archaea from the order Sulfolobales exhibit novel mechanisms for bioleaching metals from ores and have great potential. Genome sequences of many extreme thermoacidophiles are now available and provide new insights into their biochemistry, metabolism, physiology and ecology as these relate to metal mobilization from ores. Although there are some molecular genetic tools available for extreme thermoacidophiles, further development of these is sorely needed to advance the study and application of these archaea for bioleaching applications. The evolving landscape for bioleaching technologies at high temperatures merits a closer look through a genomic lens at what is currently possible and what lies ahead in terms of new developments and emerging opportunities. The need for critical metals and the diminishing primary deposits for copper should provide incentives for high temperature bioleaching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad J H Manesh
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7905, USA
| | - Daniel J Willard
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7905, USA
| | - April M Lewis
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7905, USA
| | - Robert M Kelly
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7905, USA.
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Wang S, Jiang L, Cui L, Alain K, Xie S, Shao Z. Transcriptome Analysis of Cyclooctasulfur Oxidation and Reduction by the Neutrophilic Chemolithoautotrophic Sulfurovum indicum from Deep-Sea Hydrothermal Ecosystems. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12030627. [PMID: 36978876 PMCID: PMC10045233 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12030627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemolithoautotrophic Campylobacterota are widespread and predominant in worldwide hydrothermal vents, and they are key players in the turnover of zero-valence sulfur. However, at present, the mechanism of cyclooctasulfur activation and catabolism in Campylobacterota bacteria is not clearly understood. Here, we investigated these processes in a hydrothermal vent isolate named Sulfurovum indicum ST-419. A transcriptome analysis revealed that multiple genes related to biofilm formation were highly expressed during both sulfur oxidation and reduction. Additionally, biofilms containing cells and EPS coated on sulfur particles were observed by SEM, suggesting that biofilm formation may be involved in S0 activation in Sulfurovum species. Meanwhile, several genes encoding the outer membrane proteins of OprD family were also highly expressed, and among them, gene IMZ28_RS00565 exhibited significantly high expressions by 2.53- and 7.63-fold changes under both conditions, respectively, which may play a role in sulfur uptake. However, other mechanisms could be involved in sulfur activation and uptake, as experiments with dialysis bags showed that direct contact between cells and sulfur particles was not mandatory for sulfur reduction activity, whereas cell growth via sulfur oxidation did require direct contact. This indirect reaction could be ascribed to the role of H2S and/or other thiol-containing compounds, such as cysteine and GSH, which could be produced in the culture medium during sulfur reduction. In the periplasm, the sulfur-oxidation-multienzyme complexes soxABXY1Z1 and soxCDY2Z2 are likely responsible for thiosulfate oxidation and S0 oxidation, respectively. In addition, among the four psr gene clusters encoding polysulfide reductases, only psrA3B3C3 was significantly upregulated under the sulfur reduction condition, implying its essential role in sulfur reduction. These results expand our understanding of the interactions of Campylobacterota with the zero-valence sulfur and their adaptability to deep-sea hydrothermal environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shasha Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetic Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen 361005, China
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Marine Genetic Resources, Key Laboratory of Marine Genetic Resources of Fujian Province, Xiamen 361005, China
- Sino-French Laboratory of Deep-Sea Microbiology (MicrobSea), Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Lijing Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetic Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen 361005, China
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Marine Genetic Resources, Key Laboratory of Marine Genetic Resources of Fujian Province, Xiamen 361005, China
- Sino-French Laboratory of Deep-Sea Microbiology (MicrobSea), Xiamen 361005, China
- Correspondence: (L.J.); (Z.S.)
| | - Liang Cui
- Department of Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Karine Alain
- CNRS, Université Brest, Ifremer, Unité Biologie et Ecologie des Ecosystèmes Marins Profonds BEEP, UMR 6197, IRP 1211 MicrobSea, IUEM, Rue Dumont d’Urville, F-29280 Plouzané, France
| | - Shaobin Xie
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetic Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen 361005, China
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Marine Genetic Resources, Key Laboratory of Marine Genetic Resources of Fujian Province, Xiamen 361005, China
- Sino-French Laboratory of Deep-Sea Microbiology (MicrobSea), Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Zongze Shao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetic Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen 361005, China
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Marine Genetic Resources, Key Laboratory of Marine Genetic Resources of Fujian Province, Xiamen 361005, China
- Sino-French Laboratory of Deep-Sea Microbiology (MicrobSea), Xiamen 361005, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519000, China
- Correspondence: (L.J.); (Z.S.)
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Wang Y, Fu M, Wu B, Huang M, Ma T, Zang H, Jiang H, Zhang Y, Li C. Insight into biofilm-forming patterns: biofilm-forming conditions and dynamic changes in extracellular polymer substances. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:89542-89556. [PMID: 35852740 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-21645-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The microbial biofilm adheres to the surface of the carrier, which protects the pollutant-degrading bacteria and resists harsh environments; thus, research on biofilm-forming patterns will help promote the application of biofilms in wastewater treatment. Herein, univariate analysis and response surface methodology (RSM) confirmed that glucose and mannose at 3-5 g/L promoted biofilm formation. Notably, the microplate method demonstrated that compared to trivalent cations, divalent cations could more greatly enhance the activity (especially magnesium) of the biofilm matrix, and the period of biofilm formation in the three strains was divided into the following stages: initial attachment (0-10 h), microcolony (10-24 h), maturation (24-48 h), and dispersion (36-72 h). During maturation, large amounts of extracellular polysaccharides (EPs) and extracellular DNA (eDNA) were distributed in the extracellular and intracellular spaces, respectively, as observed by super-resolution structured illumination microscopy (SR-SIM). This study enhances the understanding of the characteristics and patterns of biofilm formation and can facilitate the application of biofilms in wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wang
- College of Resource and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Meng Fu
- College of Resource and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Bowen Wu
- College of Resource and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Mingyan Huang
- College of Resource and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Tian Ma
- College of Resource and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Hailian Zang
- College of Resource and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Hanyi Jiang
- College of Resource and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Yuting Zhang
- College of Resource and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Chunyan Li
- College of Resource and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China.
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Kuschmierz L, Meyer M, Bräsen C, Wingender J, Schmitz OJ, Siebers B. Exopolysaccharide composition and size in Sulfolobus acidocaldarius biofilms. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:982745. [PMID: 36225367 PMCID: PMC9549778 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.982745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) comprise mainly carbohydrates, proteins and extracellular DNA (eDNA) in biofilms formed by the thermoacidophilic Crenarchaeon Sulfolobus acidocaldarius. However, detailed information on the carbohydrates in the S. acidocaldarius biofilm EPS, i.e., the exopolysaccharides (PS), in terms of identity, composition and size were missing. In this study, a set of methods was developed and applied to study the PS in S. acidocaldarius biofilms. It was initially shown that addition of sugars, most significantly of glucose, to the basal N-Z-amine-based growth medium enhanced biofilm formation. For the generation of sufficient amounts of biomass suitable for chemical analyses, biofilm growth was established and optimized on the surface of membrane filters. EPS were isolated and the contents of carbohydrates, proteins and eDNA were determined. PS purification was achieved by enzymatic digestion of other EPS components (nucleic acids and proteins). After trifluoroacetic acid-mediated hydrolysis of the PS fraction, the monosaccharide composition was analyzed by reversed-phase liquid chromatography (RP-LC) coupled to mass spectrometry (MS). Main sugar constituents detected were mannose, glucose and ribose, as well as minor proportions of rhamnose, N-acetylglucosamine, glucosamine and galactosamine. Size exclusion chromatography (SEC) revealed the presence of one single PS fraction with a molecular mass of 4-9 × 104 Da. This study provides detailed information on the PS composition and size of S. acidocaldarius MW001 biofilms and methodological tools for future studies on PS biosynthesis and secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Kuschmierz
- Molecular Enzyme Technology and Biochemistry, Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology, Centre for Water and Environmental Research, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Martin Meyer
- Applied Analytical Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- Teaching and Research Center for Separation, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Christopher Bräsen
- Molecular Enzyme Technology and Biochemistry, Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology, Centre for Water and Environmental Research, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Jost Wingender
- Aquatic Microbiology, Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology, Centre for Water and Environmental Research, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Oliver J. Schmitz
- Applied Analytical Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- Teaching and Research Center for Separation, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- Oliver J. Schmitz,
| | - Bettina Siebers
- Molecular Enzyme Technology and Biochemistry, Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology, Centre for Water and Environmental Research, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- *Correspondence: Bettina Siebers,
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Malviya D, Varma A, Singh UB, Singh S, Saxena AK. Unraveling the mechanism of sulfur nutrition in pigeonpea inoculated with sulfur-oxidizing bacteria. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:927702. [PMID: 36134141 PMCID: PMC9483215 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.927702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
An investigation was carried out to understand the mechanism(s) involved in the uptake of sulfur (S) as sulfate in pigeonpea following single inoculation of two sulfur-oxidizing bacteria (SOB), Stenotrophomonas maltophilia and Stenotrophomonas pavanii in the treatments amended with either elemental sulfur (S0) or sulfate (S6). Colonization potential and biofilm formation were analyzed through confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Furthermore, the effect of seed inoculation on root architecture, expression of genes involved in sulfur oxidation (sox) in bacterial inoculants, and genes involved in sulfate transport in pigeonpea (PpSULTR) were analyzed to correlate with the higher uptake of S in roots and shoots of pigeonpea. Both the SOB exhibited a good colonization potential and biofilm formation on the roots of pigeonpea. Among the 11 sox genes targeted in rhizosphere of pigeonpea, expression was achieved for seven genes, which showed 2-fold increase in treatments inoculated with S. maltophilia and amended with either S6 or S0. The inoculation of S. maltophilia and amendment of S0 led to increased expression of PpSULTR genes by several folds in roots. The inoculation of SOB had a significant influence on non-enzymatic (osmolytes like proline) and enzymatic (PAL, peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and catalase) levels. The results revealed a significant increase in sulfur uptake in roots and shoots in treatment inoculated with S. maltophilia and amended with S6. The investigation showed that the SOB-mediated over-expression of PpSULTR genes in roots of pigeonpea and sox genes in the rhizosphere were acting synergistically in facilitating higher uptake and translocation of S in roots and shoots of pigeonpea plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepti Malviya
- Amity Institute of Microbial Technology, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Plant-Microbe Interaction and Rhizosphere Biology Lab, ICAR-National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms, Maunath Bhanjan, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ajit Varma
- Amity Institute of Microbial Technology, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Udai B. Singh
- Plant-Microbe Interaction and Rhizosphere Biology Lab, ICAR-National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms, Maunath Bhanjan, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shailendra Singh
- Plant-Microbe Interaction and Rhizosphere Biology Lab, ICAR-National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms, Maunath Bhanjan, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Anil K. Saxena
- Plant-Microbe Interaction and Rhizosphere Biology Lab, ICAR-National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms, Maunath Bhanjan, Uttar Pradesh, India
- *Correspondence: Anil K. Saxena,
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Gaylarde C, Little B. Biodeterioration of stone and metal - Fundamental microbial cycling processes with spatial and temporal scale differences. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 823:153193. [PMID: 35122860 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Fundamental processes for the biodeterioration of stone and metal involve many of the same microbially mediated reactions - oxidation, reduction, acid dissolution and elemental cycling - resulting from the activities of many of the same groups of environmental microorganisms. Differences depend on the nature of the substratum - stone vs. metal - and the composition of the surroundings, whether terrestrial (stone) or aquatic (stone and metal). Reactions within surface-related biofilms dominate the biodeterioration of metals and contribute greatly to the biodeterioration of stone. In the latter, phototrophic organisms, and especially cyanobacteria, are important first participants, while metal biodeterioration is almost entirely associated with bacteria, archaea and fungi. Biofilms on metal surfaces can produce chemical and electrochemical responses. While electrochemical responses are absent in stone, extracellular electron transfer can be a biodeterioration mechanism in some iron-rich rocks. Microorganisms in biofilms can penetrate and create fissures or cracks in stone and metals. However, the most obvious differences in the reactions of built stone and metal structures are related to the definition of failure, length of time required for a defined failure of the substratum, the area over which the failure occurs and the consequences of failure. Time and space are, similarly, quite distinct for biological breakdown and mineral cycling of metal and stone, with stone/rock cycling potentially occurring over thousands of years and kilometers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Gaylarde
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, Oklahoma University, 770 Van Vleet Oval, Norman, OK 73019, USA
| | - Brenda Little
- BJ Little Corrosion Consulting, LLC, 6528 Alakoko Drive, Diamondhead, MS 39525, USA.
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Perera IA, Abinandan S, Subashchandrabose SR, Venkateswarlu K, Cole N, Naidu R, Megharaj M. Extracellular Polymeric Substances Drive Symbiotic Interactions in Bacterial‒Microalgal Consortia. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2022; 83:596-607. [PMID: 34132846 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-021-01772-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The importance of several factors that drive the symbiotic interactions between bacteria and microalgae in consortia has been well realised. However, the implication of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) released by the partners remains unclear. Therefore, the present study focused on the influence of EPS in developing consortia of a bacterium, Variovorax paradoxus IS1, with a microalga, Tetradesmus obliquus IS2 or Coelastrella sp. IS3, all isolated from poultry slaughterhouse wastewater. The bacterium increased the specific growth rates of microalgal species significantly in the consortia by enhancing the uptake of nitrate (88‒99%) and phosphate (92‒95%) besides accumulating higher amounts of carbohydrates and proteins. The EPS obtained from exudates, collected from the bacterial or microalgal cultures, contained numerous phytohormones, vitamins, polysaccharides and amino acids that are likely involved in interspecies interactions. The addition of EPS obtained from V. paradoxus IS1 to the culture medium doubled the growth of both the microalgal strains. The EPS collected from T. obliquus IS2 significantly increased the growth of V. paradoxus IS1, but there was no apparent change in bacterial growth when it was cultured in the presence of EPS from Coelastrella sp. IS3. These observations indicate that the interaction between V. paradoxus IS1 and T. obliquus IS2 was mutualism, while commensalism was the interaction between the bacterial strain and Coelastrella sp. IS3. Our present findings thus, for the first time, unveil the EPS-induced symbiotic interactions among the partners involved in bacterial‒microalgal consortia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isiri Adhiwarie Perera
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), College of Engineering, Science and Environment, The University of Newcastle, ATC Building, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Sudharsanam Abinandan
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), College of Engineering, Science and Environment, The University of Newcastle, ATC Building, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
- Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of Environment (CRC CARE), The University of Newcastle, ATC Building, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Suresh R Subashchandrabose
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), College of Engineering, Science and Environment, The University of Newcastle, ATC Building, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
- Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of Environment (CRC CARE), The University of Newcastle, ATC Building, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Kadiyala Venkateswarlu
- Formerly Department of Microbiology, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Anantapuramu, 515003, India
| | - Nicole Cole
- Analytical and Biomolecular Research Facility (ABRF), The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Ravi Naidu
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), College of Engineering, Science and Environment, The University of Newcastle, ATC Building, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
- Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of Environment (CRC CARE), The University of Newcastle, ATC Building, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Mallavarapu Megharaj
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), College of Engineering, Science and Environment, The University of Newcastle, ATC Building, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia.
- Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of Environment (CRC CARE), The University of Newcastle, ATC Building, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia.
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Meyer M, Montero L, Meckelmann SW, Schmitz OJ. Comparative study for analysis of carbohydrates in biological samples. Anal Bioanal Chem 2022; 414:2117-2130. [PMID: 34928405 PMCID: PMC8821481 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03845-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
This work presents a comparative study for the analysis of carbohydrates for four common chromatographic methods, each coupled to mass spectrometry. Supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC), hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC), reversed-phase liquid chromatography (RP-LC) and gas chromatography (GC) with detection by triple quadrupole mass spectrometer (QqQ-MS) are compared. It is shown that gas chromatography and reversed-phase liquid chromatography, each after derivatisation, are superior to the other two methods in terms of separation performance. Furthermore, comparing the different working modes of the mass spectrometer, it can be determined that a targeted analysis, i.e. moving from full scan to single ion monitoring (SIM) and multiple reaction monitoring (MRM), results in an improvement in the sensitivity as well as the repeatability of the method, which has deficiencies especially in the analysis using HILIC. Overall, RP-LC-MS in MRM after derivatisation with 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone (PMP) proved to be the most suitable method in terms of separation performance, sensitivity and repeatability for the analysis of monosaccharides. Detection limits in the nanomolar range were achieved, which corresponds to a mass concentration in the low µg/L range. The applicability of this method to different biological samples was investigated with various herbal liquors, pectins and a human glycoprotein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Meyer
- Applied Analytical Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitaetsstrasse 5, 45141, Essen, Germany
- Teaching and Research Center for Separation, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitaetsstrasse 5, 45141, Essen, Germany
| | - Lidia Montero
- Applied Analytical Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitaetsstrasse 5, 45141, Essen, Germany
- Teaching and Research Center for Separation, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitaetsstrasse 5, 45141, Essen, Germany
| | - Sven W Meckelmann
- Applied Analytical Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitaetsstrasse 5, 45141, Essen, Germany
- Teaching and Research Center for Separation, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitaetsstrasse 5, 45141, Essen, Germany
| | - Oliver J Schmitz
- Applied Analytical Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitaetsstrasse 5, 45141, Essen, Germany.
- Teaching and Research Center for Separation, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitaetsstrasse 5, 45141, Essen, Germany.
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12
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Su G, Li S, Deng X, Hu L, Praburaman L, He Z, Zhong H, Sun W. Low concentration of Tween-20 enhanced the adhesion and biofilm formation of Acidianus manzaensis YN-25 on chalcopyrite surface. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 284:131403. [PMID: 34225118 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Although Tween-20 was used as an important catalyst to increase chalcopyrite bioleaching rate by acidophiles, the effect of Tween-20 on initial adhesion and biofilm development of acidophiles on chalcopyrite has not been explored until now. Herein, the role of Tween-20 in early attachment behaviors and biofilm development by Acidianus manzaensis strain YN-25 were investigated by adhesion experiments, adhesion force measurement, visualization of biofilm assays and a series of analyses including extended Derjaguin Landau Verwey Overbeek (DLVO) theory, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The bacterial adhesion experiments showed that 2 mg/L of Tween-20 increased the adhesion percentage (by 8%) of A. manzaensis YN-25. Tween-20 could promote the early adhesion of A. manzaensis YN-25 by changing the Lewis acid-base interaction and electrostatic force to increase total interaction energy and adhesion force. Besides, the functional groups on the surface of cells (carboxyl, hydroxyl and amino functional groups) contributed to the adhesion of A. manzaensis YN-25 on chalcopyrite. Furthermore, the promotion of biofilm formation by Tween-20 was mainly attributed to the reduction of S0 passivation layer formation and complexing more Fe3+ on chalcopyrite surface, contributing to the erosion of chalcopyrite and creating more corrosion pits. Live/dead staining showed low live/dead ratio (ranged from 0.35 to 1.32) during the biofilm development process. This report offers a better understanding of the effects of Tween-20 on attachment and biofilm development of acidophilic microorganisms and would lay a theoretical foundation for the better application of catalyst in bioleaching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guirong Su
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Shuzhen Li
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Xiaotao Deng
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Liang Hu
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Loganathan Praburaman
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Zhiguo He
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China; Faculty of Materials Metallurgy & Chemistry, Jiangxi University of Science & Technology, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, 341000, China.
| | - Hui Zhong
- School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China.
| | - Wei Sun
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
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13
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Su G, Deng X, Zhong H, Hu L, Li S, Praburaman L, He Z, Sun W. Ag + significantly promoted the biofilm formation of thermoacidophilic archaeon Acidianus manzaensis YN-25 on chalcopyrite surface. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 276:130208. [PMID: 33744647 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Silver ion (Ag+) is an important catalyst to improve chalcopyrite bio-dissolution, but its effects on initial adhesion behaviors and biofilm formation of acidophiles onto metal sulfide were still unknown. In this study, initial attachment behavior and adhesion force in the presence of Ag+ (0, 1, 2, 5, 10 and 20 mg/L) were comparatively analyzed for Acidianus manzaensis YN-25. Biofilm was observed by fluorescent images in the presence of 0, 1 and 2 mg/L Ag+. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) corroborated the catalytic mechanisms of Ag+ to biofilm formation. Results showed that Ag+ could significantly promote the attachment of cells on chalcopyrite, and the optimum concentration of Ag+ was 2 mg/L with the biggest percentage of attached cells (74%), followed by 5 mg/L (71%), whereas that for the control (0 mg/L) was only 61%. Ag+ significantly increased the interaction force between A. manzaensis YN-25 and chalcopyrite. Compared with the control, larger coverage of biofilm (up to 40% versus 32%) and more corrosion pits were observed on chalcopyrite in the presence of 2 mg/L Ag+. Moreover, Ag+ catalyzed chalcopyrite corrosion and accelerated biofilm formation by producing a loose porous Ag2S layer and Ag0 to decrease the resistivity. The live/dead ratio was small with a range of 0.31-1.38, suggesting that dead cells were a great slice during the whole life-cycle of biofilm on chalcopyrite. This report offers a profound insight into the promotion mechanism of Ag+ on adhesion behaviors and biofilm formation by thermoacidophilic archaeon under extremely acidic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guirong Su
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Xiaotao Deng
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Hui Zhong
- School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Liang Hu
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Shuzhen Li
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Loganathan Praburaman
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Zhiguo He
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China; Faculty of Materials Metallurgy & Chemistry, Jiangxi University of Science & Technology, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, 341000, China.
| | - Wei Sun
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
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14
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Archaea: An Agro-Ecological Perspective. Curr Microbiol 2021; 78:2510-2521. [PMID: 34019119 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-021-02537-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Microorganisms inhabiting bulk soil and rhizosphere play an important role in soil biogeochemical cycles leading to enhanced plant growth and productivity. In this context, the role of bacteria is well established, however, not much reports are available about the role archaea plays in this regard. Literature suggests that archaea also play a greater role in nutrient cycling of carbon, nitrogen, sulfur, and other minerals, possess various plant growth promoting attributes, and can impart tolerance to various abiotic stresses (especially osmotic and oxidative) in areas of high salinity, low and high temperatures and hydrogen ion concentrations. Thermoacidophilic archaea have been found to potentially involve in bioleaching of mineral ores and bioremediation of chemical pollutants and aromatic compounds. Looking at immense potential of archaea in promoting plant growth, alleviating abiotic stresses, and remediating contaminated sites, detailed studies are required to establish their role in different ecological processes, and their interactions in rhizosphere with plant and other microflora (bacteria and fungi) in different ecosystems. In this review, a brief discussion on archaea from the agro-ecological point of view is presented.
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15
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Zakaria BS, Dhar BR. Characterization and significance of extracellular polymeric substances, reactive oxygen species, and extracellular electron transfer in methanogenic biocathode. Sci Rep 2021; 11:7933. [PMID: 33846480 PMCID: PMC8041852 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-87118-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The microbial electrolysis cell assisted anaerobic digestion holds great promises over conventional anaerobic digestion. This article reports an experimental investigation of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), reactive oxygen species (ROS), and the expression of genes associated with extracellular electron transfer (EET) in methanogenic biocathodes. The MEC-AD systems were examined using two cathode materials: carbon fibers and stainless-steel mesh. A higher abundance of hydrogenotrophic Methanobacterium sp. and homoacetogenic Acetobacterium sp. appeared to play a major role in superior methanogenesis from stainless steel biocathode than carbon fibers. Moreover, the higher secretion of EPS accompanied by the lower ROS level in stainless steel biocathode indicated that higher EPS perhaps protected cells from harsh metabolic conditions (possibly unfavorable local pH) induced by faster catalysis of hydrogen evolution reaction. In contrast, EET-associated gene expression patterns were comparable in both biocathodes. Thus, these results indicated hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis is the key mechanism, while cathodic EET has a trivial role in distinguishing performances between two cathode electrodes. These results provide new insights into the efficient methanogenic biocathode development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basem S. Zakaria
- grid.17089.37Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, 9211-116 Street NW, Edmonton, AB T6G 1H9 Canada
| | - Bipro Ranjan Dhar
- grid.17089.37Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, 9211-116 Street NW, Edmonton, AB T6G 1H9 Canada
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16
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Liu ZX, Yang MH, Mu TZ, Liu JL, Zhang X, Xing JM. Transcriptional response of Thialkalivibrio versutus D301 to different sulfur sources and identification of the sulfur oxidation pathways. J Biotechnol 2021; 329:160-169. [PMID: 33592216 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2021.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The genus Thialkalivibrio plays an essential role in the biological desulfurization system. However, to date, the sulfur oxidation pathways of Thialkalivibrio are not clearly understood. Here, we performed transcriptomic analysis on Thialkalivibrio versutus D301 with either thiosulfate or chemical sulfur as the sulfur source to understand it. The results show that T. versutus D301 has a higher growth rate and sulfur oxidation activity when thiosulfate is utilized. The use of chemical sulfur as sulfur source leads to decreased expression of genes involved in carbon metabolism, ribosome synthesis and oxidative phosphorylation in T. versutus D301. Potentially due to the adsorption to sulfur particles, the genes related to flagellum assembly and motivation are significantly induced in T. versutus D301 in the presence of chemical sulfur. In the periplasm, both thiosulfate and polysulfide from the chemical sulfur are oxidized to sulfate via the similar truncated Sox system (SoxAXYZB). Then, part of polysulfide reached to cytoplasm through an unidentified route is oxidized to sulfite by the Dsr-like system. The sulfite in the cytoplasm is further catalyzed to sulfate by SoxB or SoeABC. Overall, the difference in the oxidation rates of D301 can be mainly attributed to the bioavailability of the two sulfur sources, not the sulfur oxidation pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Xia Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China; School of Biology and Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province 050018, China
| | - Mao-Hua Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.
| | - Ting-Zhen Mu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Jin-Long Liu
- School of Biology and Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province 050018, China.
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Institute of Agro-Food Science and Technology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 250100, China
| | - Jian-Min Xing
- CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.
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17
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Su G, Deng X, Hu L, Praburaman L, Zhong H, He Z. Comparative analysis of early-stage adsorption and biofilm formation of thermoacidophilic archaeon Acidianus manzaensis YN-25 on chalcopyrite and pyrite surfaces. Biochem Eng J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2020.107744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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18
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Makaula DX, Huddy RJ, Fagan-Endres MA, Harrison STL. Cross-correlating analyses of mineral-associated microorganisms in an unsaturated packed bed flow-through column test; cell number, activity and EPS. Res Microbiol 2020; 171:222-229. [PMID: 32971220 DOI: 10.1016/j.resmic.2020.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Revised: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In heap bioleaching and waste-rock dumps, complex microbial communities exist in the flowing and interstitial liquid phases and mineral surface-associated biofilms, often embedded in extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). Microbial activity in the interstitial phase and mineral ore surface facilitates mineral degradation, resulting in either metal recovery or acidic, metal -bearing drainage from sulfidic waste-rock. Determining microbial presence and activity through microorganisms leaving the heap or dump has severe limitations. Hence, increasingly the ore-bed is sampled to quantify and characterise this. Here, methods for cell detachment and quantification, microbial activity measurement on the mineral surface and evaluation of EPS, quantitatively and biochemically, were refined and validated to assess microbial presence, using mineral coated beads in continuous flow-through columns. Number of wash steps required were assessed over increasing colonisation times over 30 days. Microbial cells colonising the mineral surface, pre- and post-washing were visualised by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and their activity quantified by isothermal microcalorimetry (IMC). Using IMC, detachment and enumeration of detached cells, we demonstrated that 6-8 washes provided a reliable estimation of mineral-associated microorganisms, with less than 10% of cells or microbial activity associated with the surface following treatment. This allowed consolidated refinement of the protocol using traditional detachment method, SEM and IMC to provide correlative data. Extraction of EPS in a complete flow-through system is reported for the first time and the biochemical composition was similar to those reported under batch bioleaching conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Didi X Makaula
- Centre for Bioprocess Engineering Research (CeBER), Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Robert J Huddy
- Centre for Bioprocess Engineering Research (CeBER), Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Future Water Institute, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Marijke A Fagan-Endres
- Centre for Bioprocess Engineering Research (CeBER), Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Susan T L Harrison
- Centre for Bioprocess Engineering Research (CeBER), Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Future Water Institute, University of Cape Town, South Africa.
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19
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Huynh D, Norambuena J, Boldt C, Kaschabek SR, Levicán G, Schlömann M. Effect of Sodium Chloride on Pyrite Bioleaching and Initial Attachment by Sulfobacillus thermosulfidooxidans. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:2102. [PMID: 33013767 PMCID: PMC7516052 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.02102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomining applies microorganisms to extract valuable metals from usually sulfidic ores. However, acidophilic iron (Fe)-oxidizing bacteria tend to be sensitive to chloride ions which may be present in biomining operations. This study investigates the bioleaching of pyrite (FeS2), as well as the attachment to FeS2 by Sulfobacillus thermosulfidooxidans DSM 9293T in the presence of elevated sodium chloride (NaCl) concentrations. The bacteria were still able to oxidize iron in the presence of up to 0.6M NaCl (35 g/L), and the addition of NaCl in concentrations up to 0.2M (~12 g/L) did not inhibit iron oxidation and growth of S. thermosulfidooxidans in leaching cultures within the first 7 days. However, after approximately 7 days of incubation, ferrous iron (Fe2+) concentrations were gradually increased in leaching assays with NaCl, indicating that iron oxidation activity over time was reduced in those assays. Although the inhibition by 0.1M NaCl (~6 g/L) of bacterial growth and iron oxidation activity was not evident at the beginning of the experiment, over extended leaching duration NaCl was likely to have an inhibitory effect. Thus, after 36 days of the experiment, bioleaching of FeS2 with 0.1M NaCl was reduced significantly in comparison to control assays without NaCl. Pyrite dissolution decreased with the increase of NaCl. Nevertheless, pyrite bioleaching by S. thermosulfidooxidans was still possible at NaCl concentrations as high as 0.4M (~23 g/L NaCl). Besides, cell attachment in the presence of different concentrations of NaCl was investigated. Cells of S. thermosulfidooxidans attached heterogeneously on pyrite surfaces regardless of NaCl concentration. Noticeably, bacteria were able to adhere to pyrite surfaces in the presence of NaCl as high as 0.4M. Although NaCl addition inhibited iron oxidation activity and bioleaching of FeS2, the presence of 0.2M seemed to enhance bacterial attachment of S. thermosulfidooxidans on pyrite surfaces in comparison to attachment without NaCl.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dieu Huynh
- Environmental Microbiology, Institute of Biosciences, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Freiberg, Germany
| | - Javiera Norambuena
- Environmental Microbiology, Institute of Biosciences, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Freiberg, Germany
| | - Christin Boldt
- Environmental Microbiology, Institute of Biosciences, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Freiberg, Germany
| | - Stefan R. Kaschabek
- Environmental Microbiology, Institute of Biosciences, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Freiberg, Germany
| | - Gloria Levicán
- Biology Department, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Michael Schlömann
- Environmental Microbiology, Institute of Biosciences, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Freiberg, Germany
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20
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Vargas-Straube MJ, Beard S, Norambuena R, Paradela A, Vera M, Jerez CA. High copper concentration reduces biofilm formation in Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans by decreasing production of extracellular polymeric substances and its adherence to elemental sulfur. J Proteomics 2020; 225:103874. [PMID: 32569817 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2020.103874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans is an acidophilic bacterium able to grow in environments with high concentrations of metals. It is a chemolithoautotroph able to form biofilms on the surface of solid minerals to obtain its energy. The response of both planktonic and sessile cells of A. ferrooxidans ATCC 23270 grown in elemental sulfur and adapted to high copper concentration was analyzed by quantitative proteomics. It was found that 137 proteins varied their abundance when comparing both lifestyles. Copper effllux proteins, some subunits of the ATP synthase complex, porins, and proteins involved in cell wall modification increased their abundance in copper-adapted sessile lifestyle cells. On the other hand, planktonic copper-adapted cells showed increased levels of proteins such as: cupreredoxins involved in copper cell sequestration, some proteins related to sulfur metabolism, those involved in biosynthesis and transport of lipopolysaccharides, and in assembly of type IV pili. During copper adaptation a decreased formation of biofilms was measured as determined by epifluorescence microscopy. This was apparently due not only to a diminished number of sessile cells but also to their exopolysaccharides production. This is the first study showing that copper, a prevalent metal in biomining environments causes dispersion of A. ferrooxidans biofilms. SIGNIFICANCE: Copper is a metal frequently found in high concentrations at mining environments inhabitated by acidophilic microorganisms. Copper resistance determinants of A. ferrooxidans have been previously studied in planktonic cells. Although biofilms are recurrent in these types of environments, the effect of copper on their formation has not been studied so far. The results obtained indicate that high concentrations of copper reduce the capacity of A. ferrooxidans ATCC 23270 to form biofilms on sulfur. These findings may be relevant to consider for a bacterium widely used in copper bioleaching processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Vargas-Straube
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - S Beard
- Fundación Ciencia y Vida, Santiago, Chile
| | - R Norambuena
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - A Paradela
- Proteomics Laboratory, National Biotechnology Center, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Vera
- Institute for Biological and Medical Engineering, Schools of Engineering, Medicine and Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.; Department of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - C A Jerez
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile..
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21
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Chen XK, Li XY, Ha YF, Lin JQ, Liu XM, Pang X, Lin JQ, Chen LX. Ferric Uptake Regulator Provides a New Strategy for Acidophile Adaptation to Acidic Ecosystems. Appl Environ Microbiol 2020; 86:e00268-20. [PMID: 32245756 PMCID: PMC7237784 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00268-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Acidophiles play a dominant role in driving elemental cycling in natural acid mine drainage (AMD) habitats and exhibit important application value in bioleaching and bioremediation. Acidity is an inevitable environmental stress and a key factor that affects the survival of acidophiles in their acidified natural habitats; however, the regulatory strategies applied by acidophilic bacteria to withstand low pH are unclear. We identified the significance of the ferric uptake regulator (Fur) in acidophiles adapting to acidic environments and discovered that Fur is ubiquitous as well as highly conserved in acidophilic bacteria. Mutagenesis of the fur gene of Acidithiobacillus caldus, a prototypical acidophilic sulfur-oxidizing bacterium found in AMD, revealed that Fur is required for the acid resistance of this acidophilic bacterium. Phenotypic characterization, transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq), mutagenesis, and biochemical assays indicated that the Acidithiobacillus caldus ferric uptake regulator (AcFur) is involved in extreme acid resistance by regulating the expression of several key genes of certain cellular activities, such as iron transport, biofilm formation, sulfur metabolism, chemotaxis, and flagellar biosynthesis. Finally, a Fur-dependent acid resistance regulatory strategy in A. caldus was proposed to illustrate the ecological behavior of acidophilic bacteria under low pH. This study provides new insights into the adaptation strategies of acidophiles to AMD ecosystems and will promote the design and development of engineered biological systems for the environmental adaptation of acidophiles.IMPORTANCE This study advances our understanding of the acid tolerance mechanism of A. caldus, identifies the key fur gene responsible for acid resistance, and elucidates the correlation between fur and acid resistance, thus contributing to an understanding of the ecological behavior of acidophilic bacteria. These findings provide new insights into the acid resistance process in Acidithiobacillus species, thereby promoting the study of the environmental adaptation of acidophilic bacteria and the design of engineered biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian-Ke Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Fan Ha
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Qiang Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang-Mei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Qun Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin-Xu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
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