1
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Gasque SN, Han Y, van der Ham I, van Leeuwen D, van Oers MM, Haverkamp A, Ros VID. Baculovirus entry into the central nervous system of Spodoptera exigua caterpillars is independent of the viral protein tyrosine phosphatase. Open Biol 2024; 14:230278. [PMID: 38378139 PMCID: PMC10878822 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.230278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Neuroparasitism concerns the hostile take-over of a host's nervous system by a foreign invader, in order to alter the behaviour of the host in favour of the parasite. One of the most remarkable cases of parasite-induced host behavioural manipulation comprises the changes baculoviruses induce in their caterpillar hosts. Baculoviruses may manipulate caterpillar behaviour in two ways: hyperactivity (increased movement in the horizontal plane) and/or tree-top disease (movement to elevated levels in the vertical plane). Those behavioural changes are followed by liquefaction and death of the caterpillar. In Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV)-infected Spodoptera exigua caterpillars, an enzymatic active form of the virally encoded protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) is needed for the expression of hyperactivity from 3 days post infection (dpi). Using eGFP-expressing recombinant AcMNPV strains, we show that infection of the caterpillar's central nervous system (CNS) can be observed primarily from 3 dpi onwards. In addition, we demonstrate that the structural and enzymatic function of PTP does not play a role in infection of the CNS. Instead we show that the virus entered the CNS via the trachea, progressing caudally to frontally through the CNS and that the infection progressed from the outermost cell layers towards the inner cell layers of the CNS, in a PTP independent manner. These findings help to further understand parasitic manipulation and the mechanisms by which neuroparasites infect the host nervous system to manipulate host behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone N. Gasque
- Laboratory of Virology, Wageningen University and Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Yue Han
- Laboratory of Virology, Wageningen University and Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Iris van der Ham
- Laboratory of Virology, Wageningen University and Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Dorothy van Leeuwen
- Laboratory of Virology, Wageningen University and Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Monique M. van Oers
- Laboratory of Virology, Wageningen University and Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Alexander Haverkamp
- Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University and Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Vera I. D. Ros
- Laboratory of Virology, Wageningen University and Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
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2
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Gao DM, Qiao JH, Gao Q, Zhang J, Zang Y, Xie L, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Fu J, Zhang H, Han C, Wang XB. A plant cytorhabdovirus modulates locomotor activity of insect vectors to enhance virus transmission. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5754. [PMID: 37717061 PMCID: PMC10505171 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41503-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Transmission of many plant viruses relies on phloem-feeding insect vectors. However, how plant viruses directly modulate insect behavior is largely unknown. Barley yellow striate mosaic virus (BYSMV) is transmitted by the small brown planthopper (SBPH, Laodelphax striatellus). Here, we show that BYSMV infects the central nervous system (CNS) of SBPHs, induces insect hyperactivity, and prolongs phloem feeding duration. The BYSMV accessory protein P6 interacts with the COP9 signalosome subunit 5 (LsCSN5) of SBPHs and suppresses LsCSN5-regulated de-neddylation from the Cullin 1 (CUL1), hereby inhibiting CUL1-based E3 ligases-mediated degradation of the circadian clock protein Timeless (TIM). Thus, virus infection or knockdown of LsCSN5 compromises TIM oscillation and induces high insect locomotor activity for transmission. Additionally, expression of BYSMV P6 in the CNS of transgenic Drosophila melanogaster disturbs circadian rhythm and induces high locomotor activity. Together, our results suggest the molecular mechanisms whereby BYSMV modulates locomotor activity of insect vectors for transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Min Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Ji-Hui Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Qiang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jiawen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Ying Zang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Liang Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jingyan Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Chenggui Han
- Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xian-Bing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
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3
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Zhang Y, Yu Y, Qian M, Gui W, Shah AZ, Xu G, Yang G. Characterization and functional analysis of an α-adrenergic-like octopamine receptor in the small brown planthopper Laodelphax striatellus. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 194:105509. [PMID: 37532362 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2023.105509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
As an important biogenic amine in invertebrates and corresponding to the neurotransmitter norepinephrine in vertebrates, octopamine (OA) regulates diverse physiological and behavioral processes by binding to specific octopamine receptors (OARs) in invertebrates. At present, OARs have been identified and characterized in several insects. However, less is known about the OARs of Laodelphax striatellus, one of the most destructive pests in East Asian rice fields. In the present study, an α1-adrenergic-like OAR (LsOA1) from L. striatellus was cloned. LsOA1 has the typical characteristics of G-protein coupled receptors and is clustered with other insect homologs. The transcript level of LsOA1 varied in various stages and tissues, and was highly expressed at the egg stage and in the brain. Silencing of LsOA1 causes a reduction in vitellogenin (LsVg) and vitellogenin receptor (LsVgR) expression. Although LsOA1 interference did not affect the fecundity and survival of L. striatellus, the hatching rate of L. striatellus was significantly reduced, and the hatching period was prolonged. The decrease in the amount of honeydew excreted after silencing LsOA1 indicates that LsOA1 may be involved in regulating the feeding behavior of L. striatellus. In addition, the interference of LsOA1 significantly reduced the expression of capsid protein (CP) and viral RNA3 segment (RNA3) in rice stripe virus (RSV)-viruliferous L. striatellus, but did not affect the vertical transmission rate of RSV. The present study demonstrated that LsOA1 played a crucial role in the physiological and behavioral processes of L. striatellus, which will provide the basis for developing a new target gene for pest control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Zhang
- College of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Youxin Yu
- College of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Mingshi Qian
- College of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Wei Gui
- College of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Amir Zaman Shah
- College of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Gang Xu
- College of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
| | - Guoqing Yang
- College of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
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4
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Li X, Wu Q, Wu J, Zeng L, Cheng D, Xian J, Lu Y. Effects of four chemosterilants on Bactrocera tau. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 243:114028. [PMID: 36037635 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.114028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Bactrocera tau (Walker) is a fly pest species mainly distributed in Southeast Asia and the South Pacific; it causes substantial ecological and economic issues because of its destructiveness and rapid reproduction. Chemical sterilization technology can reduce the use of insecticides and is widely applied for insect pest control. In this study, the sterilization efficacy of varying concentrations of four chemosterilants, namely, hexamethylphosphoramide (HMPA), CSII Aqua, 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), and colchicine, on adult pumpkin flies was investigated. The results indicated that a solution of 0.03% HMPA had the highest sterilization efficacy. When the number of sterile males was equal to or exceeded 20 times that of untreated males, the hatching rate of offspring eggs was less than 10%. Chemosterilant treatment significantly altered the levels of acid phosphatase (ACP), alkaline phosphatase (AKP), and B. tau vitellogenin (BtVg); these substances have an important impact on reproductive development. The treatment also decreased the size of the reproductive organs (i.e., testes and ovaries). Our results suggest that 0.03% HMPA has unique sterilization properties and may represent a new chemical agent for the control of B. tau populations in agricultural settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- XinLian Li
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - QiSong Wu
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Jiao Wu
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Ling Zeng
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - DaiFeng Cheng
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - JiDong Xian
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - YongYue Lu
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510640, China.
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5
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Wang Y, Wang G, Bai J, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Wen S, Li L, Yang Z, Hong N. A novel Actinidia cytorhabdovirus characterized using genomic and viral protein interaction features. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2021; 22:1271-1287. [PMID: 34288324 PMCID: PMC8435229 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.13110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A novel cytorhabdovirus, tentatively named Actinidia virus D (AcVD), was identified from kiwifruit (Actinidia chinensis) in China using high-throughput sequencing technology. The genome of AcVD consists of 13,589 nucleotides and is organized into seven open reading frames (ORFs) in its antisense strand, coding for proteins in the order N-P-P3-M-G-P6-L. The ORFs were flanked by a 3' leader sequence and a 5' trailer sequence and are separated by conserved intergenic junctions. The genome sequence of AcVD was 44.6%-51.5% identical to those of reported cytorhabdoviruses. The proteins encoded by AcVD shared the highest sequence identities, ranging from 27.3% (P6) to 44.5% (L), with the respective proteins encoded by reported cytorhabdoviruses. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that AcVD clustered together with the cytorhabdovirus Wuhan insect virus 4. The subcellular locations of the viral proteins N, P, P3, M, G, and P6 in epidermal cells of Nicotiana benthamiana leaves were determined. The M protein of AcVD uniquely formed filament structures and was associated with microtubules. Bimolecular fluorescence complementation assays showed that three proteins, N, P, and M, self-interact, protein N plays a role in the formation of cytoplasm viroplasm, and protein M recruits N, P, P3, and G to microtubules. In addition, numerous paired proteins interact in the nucleus. This study presents the first evidence of a cytorhabdovirus infecting kiwifruit plants and full location and interaction maps to gain insight into viral protein functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology of Hubei ProvinceCollege of Plant Science and TechnologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop (Fruit Trees) Biology and Germplasm Creation of the Ministry of AgricultureHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Guoping Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology of Hubei ProvinceCollege of Plant Science and TechnologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop (Fruit Trees) Biology and Germplasm Creation of the Ministry of AgricultureHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Jianyu Bai
- Laboratory of Fruit Trees DiseaseInstitute of Economic ForestryXinjiang Academy of Forestry SciencesUrumqiChina
| | - Yongle Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology of Hubei ProvinceCollege of Plant Science and TechnologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Ying Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology of Hubei ProvinceCollege of Plant Science and TechnologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Shaohua Wen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology of Hubei ProvinceCollege of Plant Science and TechnologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Liu Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology of Hubei ProvinceCollege of Plant Science and TechnologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Zuokun Yang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology of Hubei ProvinceCollege of Plant Science and TechnologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Ni Hong
- Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology of Hubei ProvinceCollege of Plant Science and TechnologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop (Fruit Trees) Biology and Germplasm Creation of the Ministry of AgricultureHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
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6
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Cross Talk between Viruses and Insect Cells Cytoskeleton. Viruses 2021; 13:v13081658. [PMID: 34452522 PMCID: PMC8402729 DOI: 10.3390/v13081658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Viruses are excellent manipulators of host cellular machinery, behavior, and life cycle, with the host cell cytoskeleton being a primordial viral target. Viruses infecting insects generally enter host cells through clathrin-mediated endocytosis or membrane fusion mechanisms followed by transport of the viral particles to the corresponding replication sites. After viral replication, the viral progeny egresses toward adjacent cells and reaches the different target tissues. Throughout all these steps, actin and tubulin re-arrangements are driven by viruses. The mechanisms used by viruses to manipulate the insect host cytoskeleton are well documented in the case of alphabaculoviruses infecting Lepidoptera hosts and plant viruses infecting Hemiptera vectors, but they are not well studied in case of other insect-virus systems such as arboviruses-mosquito vectors. Here, we summarize the available knowledge on how viruses manipulate the insect host cell cytoskeleton, and we emphasize the primordial role of cytoskeleton components in insect virus motility and the need to expand the study of this interaction.
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7
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Jia W, Wang F, Xiao S, Yang Y, Chen L, Li J, Bao Y, Song Q, Ye G. Identification and characterization of a novel rhabdovirus in green rice leafhopper, Nephotettix cincticeps. Virus Res 2021; 296:198281. [PMID: 33548414 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2020.198281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The family Rhabdoviridae is one of the most ecological diverse groups of RNA viruses, with remarkable genome complexity and wide host range. Rhabdoviruses are discovered in many insect species, and insects, such as midges, mosquitoes, aphids and leafhoppers, act as crucial vectors for rhabdovirus transmission. Here, a novel rhabdovirus was identified in green rice leafhopper, Nephotettix cincticeps (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae), a common virus vector on rice. This virus was named as Nephotettix cincticeps negative-stranded RNA virus-1 (NcNSRV-1). The genome of NcNSRV-1 is 12,361 nucleotides in length, flanked by untranslated 3' leader and 5' trailer. The anti-sense viral genome consists of five major structural protein genes (N, P, M, G and L), which shares a typical architecture with the family Rhabdoviridae. An additional gene, P6, is interposed between G and L genes. NcNSRV-1 is phylogenetically clustered with the unclassified rhabdoviruses isolated from insects and exhibits low sequence identities with other viruses. The transcription regulatory sequences in NcNSRV-1 gene junctions were determined, revealing a unique transcription initiation sequence. In view of the phylogeny, sequence identity and genome organization, NcNSRV-1 is likely to be an insect rhabdovirus. Field surveys showed NcNSRV-1 was prevalent in the rice field populations of N. cincticeps in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxi Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Fei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Shan Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Longfei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jingjing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Division of Plant Sciences, College of Agriculture, Food and Natural Resources, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Yanyuan Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Qisheng Song
- Division of Plant Sciences, College of Agriculture, Food and Natural Resources, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Gongyin Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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Zhang XF, Zeng T, Xie Y, Zheng Y, Wang H, Lin H, Wang Z, Wei T. Rice yellow stunt virus activates polyamine biosynthesis to promote viral propagation in insect vectors by disrupting ornithine decarboxylase antienzyme function. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2021; 64:1522-1532. [PMID: 33452997 PMCID: PMC7811333 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-020-1846-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Intracellular polyamines (putrescine, spermidine, and spermine) have emerged as important molecules for viral infection; however, how viruses activate polyamines biosynthesis to promote viral infection remains unclear. Ornithine decarboxylase 1 (ODC1) and its antienzyme 1 (OAZ1) are major regulators of polyamine biosynthesis in animal cells. Here, we report that rice yellow stunt virus (RYSV), a plant rhabdovirus, could activate putrescine biosynthesis in leafhoppers to promote viral propagation by inhibiting OAZ1 expression. We observed that the reduction of putrescine biosynthesis by treatment with difluormethylornithine (DFMO), a specific nontoxic inhibitor of ODC1, or with in vitro synthesized dsRNAs targeting ODC1 mRNA could inhibit viral infection. In contrast, the supplement of putrescine or the increase of putrescine biosynthesis by treatment with dsRNAs targeting OAZ1 mRNA could facilitate viral infection. We further determined that both RYSV matrix protein M and ODC1 directly bind to the ODC-binding domain at the C-terminus of OAZ1. Thus, viral propagation in leafhoppers would decrease the ability of OAZ1 to target and mediate the degradation of ODC1, which finally activates putrescine production to benefit viral propagation. This work reveals that polyamine-metabolizing enzymes are directly exploited by a vector-borne virus to increase polyamine production, thereby facilitating viral infection in insect vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Feng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Institute of Plant Virology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Tianbao Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Institute of Plant Virology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Yunjie Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Institute of Plant Virology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Yuemin Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Institute of Plant Virology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Huanqin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Institute of Plant Virology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Hanbin Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Institute of Plant Virology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Zongwen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Institute of Plant Virology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Taiyun Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Institute of Plant Virology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
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9
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Li Y, Chen D, Hu J, Zhang K, Kang L, Chen Y, Huang L, Zhang L, Xiang Y, Song Q, Liu F. The α-tubulin of Laodelphax striatellus mediates the passage of rice stripe virus (RSV) and enhances horizontal transmission. PLoS Pathog 2020; 16:e1008710. [PMID: 32817722 PMCID: PMC7446811 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Rice stripe virus (RSV, genus Tenuivirus, family Phenuiviridae) is the causal agent of rice stripe disease transmitted by the small brown planthopper (SBPH, Laodelphax striatellus) in a persistent propagative manner. The midgut and salivary glands of SBPH are the first and last barriers to the viral circulation and transmission processes, respectively; however, the precise mechanisms used by RSV to cross these organs and transmit to rice plants have not been fully elucidated. We obtained the full-length cDNA sequence of L. striatellus α-tubulin 2 (LsTUB) and found that RSV infection increased the level of LsTUB in vivo. Furthermore, LsTUB was shown to co-localize with RSV nonstructural protein 3 (NS3) in vivo and bound NS3 at positions 74-76 and 80-82 in vitro. Transient gene silencing of LsTUB expression caused a significant reduction in detectable RSV loads and viral NS3 expression levels, but had no effect on NS3 silencing suppressor activity and viral replication in insect cells. However, suppression of LsTUB attenuated viral spread in the bodies of SBPHs and decreased RSV transmission rates to rice plants. Electrical penetration graphs (EPG) showed that LsTUB knockdown by RNAi did not impact SBPH feeding; therefore, the reduction in RSV transmission rates was likely caused by a decrease in viral loads inside the planthopper. These findings suggest that LsTUB mediates the passage of RSV through midgut and salivary glands and leads to successful horizontal transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Li
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Danyu Chen
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jia Hu
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Kun Zhang
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Lin Kang
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yan Chen
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Lijun Huang
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yin Xiang
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Qisheng Song
- Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Fang Liu
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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10
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Wang H, Liu Y, Mo L, Huo C, Wang Z, Zhong P, Jia D, Zhang X, Chen Q, Chen H, Wei T. A Neuron-Specific Antiviral Mechanism Modulates the Persistent Infection of Rice Rhabdoviruses in Leafhopper Vectors. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:513. [PMID: 32362876 PMCID: PMC7180231 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Many plant rhabdoviruses are neurotropic and can persistently infect the central nervous system (CNS) of their insect vectors without causing significant cytopathology. The mechanisms by which the insect CNS resists infection by plant rhabdoviruses are largely unknown. Here, we report that the neural factor Hikaru genki homolog of the leafhopper Nephotettix cincticeps (NcHig) limits the spread of the nucleorhabdovirus rice yellow stunt virus (RYSV) in vector CNS. NcHig is predominantly expressed in the CNS of N. cincticeps, and the knockdown of NcHig expression by RNA interference enhances RYSV infection of the CNS. Furthermore, immuno-blockade of NcHig function by microinjection of N. cincticeps with NcHig antibody also enhances viral infection of the CNS. Thus, we conclude that the neuron-specific factor NcHig can control RYSV propagation in the CNS. Interestingly, we find the Hig homolog of the leafhopper Recilia dorsalis also has antiviral activity during the persistent infection of the cytorhabdovirus rice stripe mosaic virus (RSMV) in vector CNS. We further determine that RYSV and RSMV matrix proteins specifically interact with the complement control protein (CCP) domains of Higs. Thus, the matrix protein-binding ability of Hig is potentially essential for its antiviral activity in rice leafhoppers. Our results demonstrate an evolutionarily conserved antiviral mechanism for Hig to mediate the persistent infection of rice rhabdoviruses in the CNS of leafhopper vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Wang
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Vector-Borne Virus Research Center, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ye Liu
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Vector-Borne Virus Research Center, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Lining Mo
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Vector-Borne Virus Research Center, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Chenyang Huo
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Vector-Borne Virus Research Center, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ziyao Wang
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Vector-Borne Virus Research Center, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Panpan Zhong
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Vector-Borne Virus Research Center, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Dongsheng Jia
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Vector-Borne Virus Research Center, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiaofeng Zhang
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Vector-Borne Virus Research Center, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Qian Chen
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Vector-Borne Virus Research Center, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Hongyan Chen
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Vector-Borne Virus Research Center, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Taiyun Wei
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Vector-Borne Virus Research Center, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
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11
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Dietzgen RG, Bejerman NE, Goodin MM, Higgins CM, Huot OB, Kondo H, Martin KM, Whitfield AE. Diversity and epidemiology of plant rhabdoviruses. Virus Res 2020; 281:197942. [PMID: 32201209 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2020.197942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Plant rhabdoviruses are recognized by their large bacilliform particles and for being able to replicate in both their plant hosts and arthropod vectors. This review highlights selected, better studied examples of plant rhabdoviruses, their genetic diversity, epidemiology and interactions with plant hosts and arthropod vectors: Alfalfa dwarf virus is classified as a cytorhabdovirus, but its multifunctional phosphoprotein is localized to the plant cell nucleus. Lettuce necrotic yellows virus subtypes may differentially interact with their aphid vectors leading to changes in virus population diversity. Interactions of rhabdoviruses that infect rice, maize and other grains are tightly associated with their specific leafhopper and planthopper vectors. Future outbreaks of vector-borne nucleorhabdoviruses may be predicted based on a world distribution map of the insect vectors. The epidemiology of coffee ringspot virus and its Brevipalpus mite vector is illustrated highlighting the symptomatology and biology of a dichorhavirus and potential impacts of climate change on its epidemiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralf G Dietzgen
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, 4072, Australia.
| | - Nicolas E Bejerman
- Instituto de Patología Vegetal, Centro de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (IPAVE-CIAP-INTA), X5020ICA, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Michael M Goodin
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40546, USA
| | - Colleen M Higgins
- School of Science, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Ordom B Huot
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27606, USA
| | - Hideki Kondo
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, 710-0046, Japan
| | - Kathleen M Martin
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Auburn University, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Anna E Whitfield
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27606, USA
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12
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Kolliopoulou A, Kontogiannatos D, Swevers L. The Use of Engineered Plant Viruses in a Trans-Kingdom Silencing Strategy Against Their Insect Vectors. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:917. [PMID: 32733507 PMCID: PMC7360853 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Plants, plant viruses, and their vectors are co-evolving actors that co-exist and interact in nature. Insects are the most important vectors of plant viruses, serving as both carriers and hosts for the virus. This trans-kingdom interaction can be harnessed for the production of recombinant plant viruses designed to target insect genes via the RNAi machinery. The selection of the adequate viruses is important since they must infect and preferentially replicate in both the host plant and the insect vector. The routes of transmission that determine the extent of the infection inside the insect vary among different plant viruses. In the context of the proposed strategy, plant viruses that are capable of transversing the insect gut-hemocoel barrier and replicating in insect tissues are attractive candidates. Thus, the transmission of such viruses in a persistent and propagative manner is considered as a prerequisite for this strategy to be feasible, a characteristic that is found in viruses from the families Bunyaviridae, Reoviridae, and Rhabdoviridae. In addition, several RNA viruses are known that replicate in both plant and insect tissues via a yet unclarified transmission route. In this review, advances in knowledge of trans-kingdom transmission of plant viruses and future perspectives for their engineering as silencing vectors are thoroughly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kolliopoulou
- Institute of Biosciences & Applications, National Centre for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, Agia Paraskevi, Greece
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of West Attica, Egaleo, Greece
- *Correspondence: Anna Kolliopoulou,
| | - Dimitrios Kontogiannatos
- Institute of Biosciences & Applications, National Centre for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, Agia Paraskevi, Greece
| | - Luc Swevers
- Institute of Biosciences & Applications, National Centre for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, Agia Paraskevi, Greece
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