1
|
Sevillano-Caño J, García MJ, Córdoba-Galván C, Luque-Cruz C, Agustí-Brisach C, Lucena C, Ramos J, Pérez-Vicente R, Romera FJ. Exploring the Role of Debaryomyces hansenii as Biofertilizer in Iron-Deficient Environments to Enhance Plant Nutrition and Crop Production Sustainability. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5729. [PMID: 38891917 PMCID: PMC11171756 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25115729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The European "Green Deal" policies are shifting toward more sustainable and environmentally conscious agricultural practices, reducing the use of chemical fertilizer and pesticides. This implies exploring alternative strategies. One promising alternative to improve plant nutrition and reinforce plant defenses is the use of beneficial microorganisms in the rhizosphere, such as "Plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria and fungi". Despite the great abundance of iron (Fe) in the Earth's crust, its poor solubility in calcareous soil makes Fe deficiency a major agricultural issue worldwide. Among plant promoting microorganisms, the yeast Debaryomyces hansenii has been very recently incorporated, for its ability to induce morphological and physiological key responses to Fe deficiency in plants, under hydroponic culture conditions. The present work takes it a step further and explores the potential of D. hansenii to improve plant nutrition and stimulate growth in cucumber plants grown in calcareous soil, where ferric chlorosis is common. Additionally, the study examines D. hansenii's ability to induce systemic resistance (ISR) through a comparative relative expression study by qRT-PCR of ethylene (ET) biosynthesis (ACO1), or ET signaling (EIN2 and EIN3), and salicylic acid (SA) biosynthesis (PAL)-related genes. The results mark a significant milestone since D. hansenii not only enhances nutrient uptake and stimulates plant growth and flower development but could also amplify induced systemic resistance (ISR). Although there is still much work ahead, these findings make D. hansenii a promising candidate to be used for sustainable and environmentally friendly integrated crop management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Sevillano-Caño
- Departamento de Agronomía (DAUCO) María de Maeztu Unit of Excellence 2021–2024, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario de Rabanales (ceiA3), Universidad de Córdoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain; (J.S.-C.); (C.C.-G.); (C.L.-C.); (C.A.-B.); (C.L.); (F.J.R.)
| | - María José García
- Departamento de Agronomía (DAUCO) María de Maeztu Unit of Excellence 2021–2024, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario de Rabanales (ceiA3), Universidad de Córdoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain; (J.S.-C.); (C.C.-G.); (C.L.-C.); (C.A.-B.); (C.L.); (F.J.R.)
| | - Clara Córdoba-Galván
- Departamento de Agronomía (DAUCO) María de Maeztu Unit of Excellence 2021–2024, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario de Rabanales (ceiA3), Universidad de Córdoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain; (J.S.-C.); (C.C.-G.); (C.L.-C.); (C.A.-B.); (C.L.); (F.J.R.)
| | - Carmen Luque-Cruz
- Departamento de Agronomía (DAUCO) María de Maeztu Unit of Excellence 2021–2024, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario de Rabanales (ceiA3), Universidad de Córdoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain; (J.S.-C.); (C.C.-G.); (C.L.-C.); (C.A.-B.); (C.L.); (F.J.R.)
| | - Carlos Agustí-Brisach
- Departamento de Agronomía (DAUCO) María de Maeztu Unit of Excellence 2021–2024, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario de Rabanales (ceiA3), Universidad de Córdoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain; (J.S.-C.); (C.C.-G.); (C.L.-C.); (C.A.-B.); (C.L.); (F.J.R.)
| | - Carlos Lucena
- Departamento de Agronomía (DAUCO) María de Maeztu Unit of Excellence 2021–2024, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario de Rabanales (ceiA3), Universidad de Córdoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain; (J.S.-C.); (C.C.-G.); (C.L.-C.); (C.A.-B.); (C.L.); (F.J.R.)
| | - José Ramos
- Departamento de Química Agrícola, Edafología y Microbiología, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario de Rabanales (ceiA3), Universidad de Córdoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain;
| | - Rafael Pérez-Vicente
- Departamento de Botánica, Ecología y Fisiología Vegetal, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario de Rabanales (ceiA3), Universidad de Córdoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain;
| | - Francisco Javier Romera
- Departamento de Agronomía (DAUCO) María de Maeztu Unit of Excellence 2021–2024, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario de Rabanales (ceiA3), Universidad de Córdoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain; (J.S.-C.); (C.C.-G.); (C.L.-C.); (C.A.-B.); (C.L.); (F.J.R.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Calvo-Peña C, Cobos R, Sánchez-López JM, Ibañez A, Coque JJR. Albocycline Is the Main Bioactive Antifungal Compound Produced by Streptomyces sp. OR6 against Verticillium dahliae. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3612. [PMID: 37896074 PMCID: PMC10610244 DOI: 10.3390/plants12203612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Verticillium wilt is a soil-borne fungal disease that affects olive trees (Olea europaea) and poses a serious threat to their cultivation. The causal agent of this disease is Verticillium dahliae, a pathogen that is difficult to control with conventional methods. Therefore, there is a need to explore alternative strategies for the management of Verticillium wilt. In this study, we aimed to isolate and characterize actinobacteria from the rhizosphere of olive trees that could act as potential biocontrol agents against V. dahliae. We selected a Streptomyces sp. OR6 strain based on its in vitro antifungal activity and its ability to suppress the pathogen growth in soil samples. We identified the main active compound produced by this strain as albocycline, a macrolide polyketide with known antibacterial properties and some antifungal activity. Albocycline was able to efficiently suppress the germination of conidiospores. To our knowledge, this is the first report of albocycline as an effective agent against V. dahliae. Our results suggest that Streptomyces sp. OR6, or other albocycline-producing strains, could be used as a promising tool for the biological control of Verticillium wilt.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carla Calvo-Peña
- Instituto de Investigación de la Viña y el Vino, Escuela de Ingeniería Agraria, Universidad de León, 24009 León, Spain; (C.C.-P.); (A.I.)
| | - Rebeca Cobos
- Instituto de Investigación de la Viña y el Vino, Escuela de Ingeniería Agraria, Universidad de León, 24009 León, Spain; (C.C.-P.); (A.I.)
| | | | - Ana Ibañez
- Instituto de Investigación de la Viña y el Vino, Escuela de Ingeniería Agraria, Universidad de León, 24009 León, Spain; (C.C.-P.); (A.I.)
| | - Juan José R. Coque
- Instituto de Investigación de la Viña y el Vino, Escuela de Ingeniería Agraria, Universidad de León, 24009 León, Spain; (C.C.-P.); (A.I.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Núñez-Cano J, Romera FJ, Prieto P, García MJ, Sevillano-Caño J, Agustí-Brisach C, Pérez-Vicente R, Ramos J, Lucena C. Effect of the Nonpathogenic Strain Fusarium oxysporum FO12 on Fe Acquisition in Rice ( Oryza sativa L.) Plants. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3145. [PMID: 37687390 PMCID: PMC10489696 DOI: 10.3390/plants12173145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is a very important cereal worldwide, since it is the staple food for more than half of the world's population. Iron (Fe) deficiency is among the most important agronomical concerns in calcareous soils where rice plants may suffer from this deficiency. Current production systems are based on the use of high-yielding varieties and the application of large quantities of agrochemicals, which can cause major environmental problems. The use of beneficial rhizosphere microorganisms is considered a relevant sustainable alternative to synthetic fertilizers. The main goal of this study was to determine the ability of the nonpathogenic strain Fusarium oxysporum FO12 to induce Fe-deficiency responses in rice plants and its effects on plant growth and Fe chlorosis. Experiments were carried out under hydroponic system conditions. Our results show that the root inoculation of rice plants with FO12 promotes the production of phytosiderophores and plant growth while reducing Fe chlorosis symptoms after several days of cultivation. Moreover, Fe-related genes are upregulated by FO12 at certain times in inoculated plants regardless of Fe conditions. This microorganism also colonizes root cortical tissues. In conclusion, FO12 enhances Fe-deficiency responses in rice plants, achieves growth promotion, and reduces Fe chlorosis symptoms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Núñez-Cano
- Departamento de Agronomía (Unit of Excellence ‘María de Maeztu’ 2020-24), Edificio Celestino Mutis (C-4), Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario de Rabanales (ceiA3), Universidad de Córdoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain; (J.N.-C.); (F.J.R.); (M.J.G.); (J.S.-C.); (C.A.-B.)
| | - Francisco J. Romera
- Departamento de Agronomía (Unit of Excellence ‘María de Maeztu’ 2020-24), Edificio Celestino Mutis (C-4), Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario de Rabanales (ceiA3), Universidad de Córdoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain; (J.N.-C.); (F.J.R.); (M.J.G.); (J.S.-C.); (C.A.-B.)
| | - Pilar Prieto
- Departamento de Mejora Genética, Instituto de Agricultura Sostenible (IAS), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 14004 Córdoba, Spain;
| | - María J. García
- Departamento de Agronomía (Unit of Excellence ‘María de Maeztu’ 2020-24), Edificio Celestino Mutis (C-4), Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario de Rabanales (ceiA3), Universidad de Córdoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain; (J.N.-C.); (F.J.R.); (M.J.G.); (J.S.-C.); (C.A.-B.)
| | - Jesús Sevillano-Caño
- Departamento de Agronomía (Unit of Excellence ‘María de Maeztu’ 2020-24), Edificio Celestino Mutis (C-4), Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario de Rabanales (ceiA3), Universidad de Córdoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain; (J.N.-C.); (F.J.R.); (M.J.G.); (J.S.-C.); (C.A.-B.)
| | - Carlos Agustí-Brisach
- Departamento de Agronomía (Unit of Excellence ‘María de Maeztu’ 2020-24), Edificio Celestino Mutis (C-4), Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario de Rabanales (ceiA3), Universidad de Córdoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain; (J.N.-C.); (F.J.R.); (M.J.G.); (J.S.-C.); (C.A.-B.)
| | - Rafael Pérez-Vicente
- Departamento de Botánica, Ecología y Fisiología Vegetal, Edificio Celestino Mutis (C-4), Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario de Rabanales (ceiA3), Universidad de Córdoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain;
| | - José Ramos
- Departamento de Química Agrícola, Edafología y Microbiología, Edificio Severo Ochoa (C-6), Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario de Rabanales (ceiA3), Universidad de Córdoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain;
| | - Carlos Lucena
- Departamento de Agronomía (Unit of Excellence ‘María de Maeztu’ 2020-24), Edificio Celestino Mutis (C-4), Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario de Rabanales (ceiA3), Universidad de Córdoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain; (J.N.-C.); (F.J.R.); (M.J.G.); (J.S.-C.); (C.A.-B.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhang L, Wang Y, Lei S, Zhang H, Liu Z, Yang J, Niu Q. Effect of volatile compounds produced by the cotton endophytic bacterial strain Bacillus sp. T6 against Verticillium wilt. BMC Microbiol 2023; 23:8. [PMID: 36627563 PMCID: PMC9830902 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-022-02749-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Verticillium wilt, caused by the fungus Verticillium dahliae, leads to significant losses in cotton yield worldwide. Biocontrol management is a promising means of suppressing verticillium wilt. The purpose of the study was to obtain and analyze endophytic bacteria with Verticillium wilt-resistant activities from the roots of Gossypium barbadense 'Xinhai15' and to explore the interactions between the soil and plants. RESULTS An endophytic bacterium Bacillus sp. T6 was obtained from the Verticillium wilt-resistant cotton G. barbadense 'Xinhai15', which showed significant antagonistic abilities against cotton Verticillium wilt. The bioassay results indicated that the strain possessed strong antagonistic abilities that inhibited V. dahliae spore germination and mycelial growth without contact, and thus it was speculated that the active factor of the bacteria might be volatile compounds. A total of 46 volatile substances were detected via headspace solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis. The pure product verification experiment confirmed that the styrene produced by the T6 strain was the main virulence factor. Transcriptome analysis showed that following styrene induction, 247 genes in V. dahliae, including four hydrolase genes, eight dehydrogenase genes, 11 reductase genes, 17 genes related to transport and transfer were upregulated. Additionally, 72 genes, including two chitinase genes, two protease genes, five transport-related genes, and 33 hypothetical protein genes, were downregulated. The quantitative real-time PCR results confirmed that the expression of the four genes VDAG_02838, VDAG_09554, VDAG_045572, and VDAG_08251 was increased by 3.18, 78.83, 2.71, and 2.92 times, respectively, compared with the uninduced control group. CONCLUSIONS The research provides a new reference for the development and application of the volatile compounds of endophytic bacteria as new biocontrol agents for the control of Verticillium wilt and as biological preservatives for agricultural products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhang
- grid.453722.50000 0004 0632 3548College of Life Science and Agricultural Engineering, Nanyang Normal University, 1638 Wolong Road, Nanyang, 473061 Henan China
| | - Yu Wang
- grid.453722.50000 0004 0632 3548College of Life Science and Agricultural Engineering, Nanyang Normal University, 1638 Wolong Road, Nanyang, 473061 Henan China
| | - Shengwei Lei
- grid.453722.50000 0004 0632 3548College of Life Science and Agricultural Engineering, Nanyang Normal University, 1638 Wolong Road, Nanyang, 473061 Henan China
| | - Hongxin Zhang
- grid.453722.50000 0004 0632 3548College of Life Science and Agricultural Engineering, Nanyang Normal University, 1638 Wolong Road, Nanyang, 473061 Henan China
| | - Ziyang Liu
- grid.453722.50000 0004 0632 3548College of Life Science and Agricultural Engineering, Nanyang Normal University, 1638 Wolong Road, Nanyang, 473061 Henan China
| | - Jianwei Yang
- grid.453722.50000 0004 0632 3548College of Life Science and Agricultural Engineering, Nanyang Normal University, 1638 Wolong Road, Nanyang, 473061 Henan China
| | - Qiuhong Niu
- grid.453722.50000 0004 0632 3548College of Life Science and Agricultural Engineering, Nanyang Normal University, 1638 Wolong Road, Nanyang, 473061 Henan China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Chandrasekaran M, Paramasivan M, Sahayarayan JJ. Microbial Volatile Organic Compounds: An Alternative for Chemical Fertilizers in Sustainable Agriculture Development. Microorganisms 2022; 11:microorganisms11010042. [PMID: 36677334 PMCID: PMC9861404 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11010042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Microorganisms are exceptional at producing several volatile substances called microbial volatile organic compounds (mVOCs). The mVOCs allow the microorganism to communicate with other organisms via both inter and intracellular signaling pathways. Recent investigation has revealed that mVOCs are chemically very diverse and play vital roles in plant interactions and microbial communication. The mVOCs can also modify the plant's physiological and hormonal pathways to augment plant growth and production. Moreover, mVOCs have been affirmed for effective alleviation of stresses, and also act as an elicitor of plant immunity. Thus, mVOCs act as an effective alternative to various chemical fertilizers and pesticides. The present review summarizes the recent findings about mVOCs and their roles in inter and intra-kingdoms interactions. Prospects for improving soil fertility, food safety, and security are affirmed for mVOCs application for sustainable agriculture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Murugesan Chandrasekaran
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Sejong University, Neungdong-ro 209, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-3408-4026
| | - Manivannan Paramasivan
- Department of Microbiology, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620024, Tamilnadu, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
López-Moral A, Llorens E, Scalschi L, García-Agustín P, Trapero A, Agustí-Brisach C. Resistance Induction in Olive Tree ( Olea europaea) Against Verticillium Wilt by Two Beneficial Microorganisms and a Copper Phosphite Fertilizer. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:831794. [PMID: 35283881 PMCID: PMC8905222 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.831794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Enhancement of the natural defenses of a plant by beneficial microorganisms, i.e., endophytic bacteria and fungi or fertilizers such as copper phosphonates, could result in a potential alternative strategy against verticillium wilt of olive tree (Olea europaea). In this study, two beneficial microorganisms (the fungus Aureobasidium pullulans AP08 and the bacterium Bacillus amyloliquefaciens PAB-024) and a phosphonate salt copper phosphite (CuPh) were evaluated for their effectiveness as host resistance inducers against Verticillium dahliae in olive. To this end, 6-month-old healthy olive plants of the susceptible cultivar Picual were treated by foliar or root applications by spraying 15 ml per plant or by irrigation with 350 ml per plant of the dilutions of each product (CuPh: 3 or 10 ml l-1, respectively; PAB-024: 108 UFC ml-1; AP08: 106 UFC ml-1). Treatments were conducted weekly from 2 weeks before inoculation to 10 days after inoculation. A cornmeal-water-sand mixture (1:2:9; w:v:w) colonized by V. dahliae was used for plant inoculation. Additionally, treated and noninoculated, nontreated and inoculated, and nontreated and noninoculated plants were included for comparative purposes. Disease severity progress and shoot fresh weight were assessed. Parameters involved in plant resistance were monitored through determination and quantification of reactive oxygen species (ROS) response (H2O2), and evaluation of hormones was done by gene expression analysis. Aureobasidium pullulans and CuPh were the most effective in disease reduction in planta by foliar or root application, respectively. Plants treated with CuPh showed significantly higher shoot fresh weight compared to the other treatments. ROS was significantly enhanced in plants treated with B. amyloliquefaciens PAB-024 compared to the rest of treatments and control. With regard to the evaluation of hormones, high levels of salicylic acid were detected on leaves from all treatment combinations, but without significant enhancements compared to the nontreated control. Regarding the gene expression related to salicylic acid, only the WRKY5 gene has shown a strong enhancement in the treatment with B. amyloliquefaciens. On the other hand, a strong accumulation of jasmonic acid and jasmonic acid-isoleucine in plants treated with A. pullulans was observed in all the tissues analyzed and also in the roots of plants treated with B. amyloliquefaciens and CuPh.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana López-Moral
- Department of Agronomy (DAUCO, Unit of Excellence María de Maeztu 2020-23), ETSIAM, University of Córdoba (UCO), Córdoba, Spain
| | - Eugenio Llorens
- Departamento de Ciencias Agrarias y del Medio Natural, Universitat Jaume I de Castellón (UJI), Castellón de la Plana, Spain
| | - Loredana Scalschi
- Departamento de Ciencias Agrarias y del Medio Natural, Universitat Jaume I de Castellón (UJI), Castellón de la Plana, Spain
| | - Pilar García-Agustín
- Departamento de Ciencias Agrarias y del Medio Natural, Universitat Jaume I de Castellón (UJI), Castellón de la Plana, Spain
| | - Antonio Trapero
- Department of Agronomy (DAUCO, Unit of Excellence María de Maeztu 2020-23), ETSIAM, University of Córdoba (UCO), Córdoba, Spain
| | - Carlos Agustí-Brisach
- Department of Agronomy (DAUCO, Unit of Excellence María de Maeztu 2020-23), ETSIAM, University of Córdoba (UCO), Córdoba, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Montes-Osuna N, Cernava T, Gómez-Lama Cabanás C, Berg G, Mercado-Blanco J. Identification of Volatile Organic Compounds Emitted by Two Beneficial Endophytic Pseudomonas Strains from Olive Roots. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:318. [PMID: 35161300 PMCID: PMC8840531 DOI: 10.3390/plants11030318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The production of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) represents a promising strategy of plant-beneficial bacteria to control soil-borne phytopathogens. Pseudomonas sp. PICF6 and Pseudomonas simiae PICF7 are two indigenous inhabitants of olive roots displaying effective biological control against Verticillium dahliae. Additionally, strain PICF7 is able to promote the growth of barley and Arabidopsis thaliana, VOCs being involved in the growth of the latter species. In this study, the antagonistic capacity of these endophytic bacteria against relevant phytopathogens (Verticillium spp., Rhizoctonia solani, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici) was assessed. Under in vitro conditions, PICF6 and PICF7 were only able to antagonize representative isolates of V. dahliae and V. longisporum. Remarkably, both strains produced an impressive portfolio of up to twenty VOCs, that included compounds with reported antifungal (e.g., 1-undecene, (methyldisulfanyl) methane and 1-decene) or plant growth promoting (e.g., tridecane, 1-decene) activities. Moreover, their volatilomes differed strongly in the absence and presence of V. dahliae. For example, when co incubated with the defoliating pathotype of V. dahliae, the antifungal compound 4-methyl-2,6-bis(2-methyl-2-propanyl)phenol was produced. Results suggest that volatiles emitted by these endophytes may differ in their modes of action, and that potential benefits for the host needs further investigation in planta.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nuria Montes-Osuna
- Departamento de Protección de Cultivos, Instituto de Agricultura Sostenible, Agencia Estatal Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Avenida Menéndez Pidal s/n, Campus “Alameda del Obispo”, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; (N.M.-O.); (C.G.-L.C.)
| | - Tomislav Cernava
- Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 12/I, 8010 Graz, Austria; (T.C.); (G.B.)
| | - Carmen Gómez-Lama Cabanás
- Departamento de Protección de Cultivos, Instituto de Agricultura Sostenible, Agencia Estatal Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Avenida Menéndez Pidal s/n, Campus “Alameda del Obispo”, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; (N.M.-O.); (C.G.-L.C.)
| | - Gabriele Berg
- Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 12/I, 8010 Graz, Austria; (T.C.); (G.B.)
- Leibniz-Institute for Agricultural Engineering Potsdam, Max-Eyth-Allee 100, 14469 Potsdam, Germany
- Institute for Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24/25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Jesús Mercado-Blanco
- Departamento de Protección de Cultivos, Instituto de Agricultura Sostenible, Agencia Estatal Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Avenida Menéndez Pidal s/n, Campus “Alameda del Obispo”, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; (N.M.-O.); (C.G.-L.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
López-Moral A, Agustí-Brisach C, Trapero A. Plant Biostimulants: New Insights Into the Biological Control of Verticillium Wilt of Olive. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:662178. [PMID: 34093620 PMCID: PMC8172626 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.662178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Verticillium wilt of olive (Olea europaea subsp. europaea L.) (VWO), caused by the hemibiotrophic soil-borne fungus Verticillium dahliae Kleb., is considered the major limiting factor of this crop in Mediterranean-type climate regions of the world. The absence of effective chemical treatments makes the control of the disease difficult. In this way, the use of biostimulants and host plant defense inducers seems to be one of the most promising biological and eco-friendly alternatives to traditional control measures. Thus, the main goal of this study was to evaluate the effect of 32 products, including amino acids, micronutrients, microorganisms, substances of natural origin, copper complex-based products, and organic and inorganic salts against the disease under controlled conditions. To this end, their effects on mycelial growth and microsclerotia (MS) inhibition of V. dahliae were evaluated by means of dual cultures or by sensitivity tests in vitro as well as on disease progression in planta. Wide ranging responses to the pathogen and disease reduction levels were observed among all the products tested, suggesting multiple modes of action. Copper-based products were among the most effective for mycelial growth and MS inhibition, whereas they did not show an important effect on the reduction of disease severity in planta. Phoma sp. and Aureobasidium pullulans were the most effective in disease reduction in planta with foliar application. On the other hand, two phosphite salts, one with copper and the other with potassium, were the most effective in disease reduction in planta when they were applied by irrigation, followed by A. pullulans and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. This study will be useful to select the best candidates for future studies, contributing significantly to new insights into the current challenge of the biological control of VWO.
Collapse
|
9
|
Volatile Organic Compound Chamber: A Novel Technology for Microbiological Volatile Interaction Assays. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:jof7040248. [PMID: 33806125 PMCID: PMC8064445 DOI: 10.3390/jof7040248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The interest in the study of microbiological interactions mediated by volatile organic compounds (VOCs) has steadily increased in the last few years. Nevertheless, most assays still rely on the use of non-specific materials. We present a new tool, the volatile organic compound chamber (VOC chamber), specifically designed to perform these experiments. The novel devices were tested using four Trichoderma strains against Fusarium oxysporum and Rhizoctonia solani. We demonstrate that VOC chambers provide higher sensitivity and selectivity between treatments and higher homogeneity of results than the traditional method. VOC chambers are also able to test both vented and non-vented conditions. We prove that ventilation plays a very important role regarding volatile interactions, up to the point that some growth-inhibitory effects observed in closed environments switch to promoting ones when tested in vented conditions. This promoting activity seems to be related to the accumulation of squalene by T. harzianum. The VOC chambers proved to be an easy, homogeneous, flexible, and repeatable method, able to better select microorganisms with high biocontrol activity and to guide the future identification of new bioactive VOCs and their role in microbial interactions.
Collapse
|
10
|
Lyu D, Zajonc J, Pagé A, Tanney CAS, Shah A, Monjezi N, Msimbira LA, Antar M, Nazari M, Backer R, Smith DL. Plant Holobiont Theory: The Phytomicrobiome Plays a Central Role in Evolution and Success. Microorganisms 2021; 9:675. [PMID: 33805166 PMCID: PMC8064057 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9040675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Under natural conditions, plants are always associated with a well-orchestrated community of microbes-the phytomicrobiome. The nature and degree of microbial effect on the plant host can be positive, neutral, or negative, and depends largely on the environment. The phytomicrobiome is integral for plant growth and function; microbes play a key role in plant nutrient acquisition, biotic and abiotic stress management, physiology regulation through microbe-to-plant signals, and growth regulation via the production of phytohormones. Relationships between the plant and phytomicrobiome members vary in intimacy, ranging from casual associations between roots and the rhizosphere microbial community, to endophytes that live between plant cells, to the endosymbiosis of microbes by the plant cell resulting in mitochondria and chloroplasts. If we consider these key organelles to also be members of the phytomicrobiome, how do we distinguish between the two? If we accept the mitochondria and chloroplasts as both members of the phytomicrobiome and the plant (entrained microbes), the influence of microbes on the evolution of plants becomes so profound that without microbes, the concept of the "plant" is not viable. This paper argues that the holobiont concept should take greater precedence in the plant sciences when referring to a host and its associated microbial community. The inclusivity of this concept accounts for the ambiguous nature of the entrained microbes and the wide range of functions played by the phytomicrobiome in plant holobiont homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dongmei Lyu
- Department of Plant Science, Macdonald Campus, McGill University, Montréal, QC H9X 3V9, Canada; (D.L.); (J.Z.); (A.P.); (C.A.S.T.); (A.S.); (N.M.); (L.A.M.); (M.A.); (M.N.); (R.B.)
| | - Jonathan Zajonc
- Department of Plant Science, Macdonald Campus, McGill University, Montréal, QC H9X 3V9, Canada; (D.L.); (J.Z.); (A.P.); (C.A.S.T.); (A.S.); (N.M.); (L.A.M.); (M.A.); (M.N.); (R.B.)
| | - Antoine Pagé
- Department of Plant Science, Macdonald Campus, McGill University, Montréal, QC H9X 3V9, Canada; (D.L.); (J.Z.); (A.P.); (C.A.S.T.); (A.S.); (N.M.); (L.A.M.); (M.A.); (M.N.); (R.B.)
- National Research Council Canada, Aquatic and Crop Resource Development (ACRD), Montréal, QC H4P 2R2, Canada
| | - Cailun A. S. Tanney
- Department of Plant Science, Macdonald Campus, McGill University, Montréal, QC H9X 3V9, Canada; (D.L.); (J.Z.); (A.P.); (C.A.S.T.); (A.S.); (N.M.); (L.A.M.); (M.A.); (M.N.); (R.B.)
| | - Ateeq Shah
- Department of Plant Science, Macdonald Campus, McGill University, Montréal, QC H9X 3V9, Canada; (D.L.); (J.Z.); (A.P.); (C.A.S.T.); (A.S.); (N.M.); (L.A.M.); (M.A.); (M.N.); (R.B.)
| | - Nadia Monjezi
- Department of Plant Science, Macdonald Campus, McGill University, Montréal, QC H9X 3V9, Canada; (D.L.); (J.Z.); (A.P.); (C.A.S.T.); (A.S.); (N.M.); (L.A.M.); (M.A.); (M.N.); (R.B.)
| | - Levini A. Msimbira
- Department of Plant Science, Macdonald Campus, McGill University, Montréal, QC H9X 3V9, Canada; (D.L.); (J.Z.); (A.P.); (C.A.S.T.); (A.S.); (N.M.); (L.A.M.); (M.A.); (M.N.); (R.B.)
| | - Mohammed Antar
- Department of Plant Science, Macdonald Campus, McGill University, Montréal, QC H9X 3V9, Canada; (D.L.); (J.Z.); (A.P.); (C.A.S.T.); (A.S.); (N.M.); (L.A.M.); (M.A.); (M.N.); (R.B.)
| | - Mahtab Nazari
- Department of Plant Science, Macdonald Campus, McGill University, Montréal, QC H9X 3V9, Canada; (D.L.); (J.Z.); (A.P.); (C.A.S.T.); (A.S.); (N.M.); (L.A.M.); (M.A.); (M.N.); (R.B.)
| | - Rachel Backer
- Department of Plant Science, Macdonald Campus, McGill University, Montréal, QC H9X 3V9, Canada; (D.L.); (J.Z.); (A.P.); (C.A.S.T.); (A.S.); (N.M.); (L.A.M.); (M.A.); (M.N.); (R.B.)
| | - Donald L. Smith
- Department of Plant Science, Macdonald Campus, McGill University, Montréal, QC H9X 3V9, Canada; (D.L.); (J.Z.); (A.P.); (C.A.S.T.); (A.S.); (N.M.); (L.A.M.); (M.A.); (M.N.); (R.B.)
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Bonkowski M, Tarkka M, Razavi BS, Schmidt H, Blagodatskaya E, Koller R, Yu P, Knief C, Hochholdinger F, Vetterlein D. Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Maize ( Zea mays L.) Root Growth and Its Potential Consequences for the Assembly of the Rhizosphere Microbiota. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:619499. [PMID: 33815308 PMCID: PMC8010349 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.619499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies have shown that plants selectively recruit microbes from the soil to establish a complex, yet stable and quite predictable microbial community on their roots – their “microbiome.” Microbiome assembly is considered as a key process in the self-organization of root systems. A fundamental question for understanding plant-microbe relationships is where a predictable microbiome is formed along the root axis and through which microbial dynamics the stable formation of a microbiome is challenged. Using maize as a model species for which numerous data on dynamic root traits are available, this mini-review aims to give an integrative overview on the dynamic nature of root growth and its consequences for microbiome assembly based on theoretical considerations from microbial community ecology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Bonkowski
- Terrestrial Ecology, Institute of Zoology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Mika Tarkka
- Department of Soil Ecology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Halle, Germany.,German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Bahar S Razavi
- Department of Soil and Plant Microbiome, Christian-Albrecht University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Hannes Schmidt
- Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Evgenia Blagodatskaya
- Department of Soil Ecology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Halle, Germany
| | - Robert Koller
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, IBG-2: Plant Sciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - Peng Yu
- Emmy Noether Group Root Functional Biology, Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Claudia Knief
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation - Molecular Biology of the Rhizosphere, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Frank Hochholdinger
- Crop Functional Genomics, Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Doris Vetterlein
- Department of Soil System Science, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Halle, Germany.,Soil Science, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Evaluation of Mycotoxin Production and Phytopathogenicity of the Entomopathogenic Fungi Fusarium caatingaense and F. pernambucanum from Brazil. Curr Microbiol 2021; 78:1218-1226. [PMID: 33625571 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-021-02387-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Fusarium incarnatum-equiseti species complex (FIESC) is considered as one of the richest insecticolous species. Fusarium species synthesize toxic secondary metabolites that are not fully understood. Mycotoxin production and pathogenicity on germinating seeds, seedlings, and leaves must be carefully studied for the use of Fusarium species in the biological control of insect pests. In this study, we evaluated the mycotoxin production and phytopathogenic potential of entomopathogenic strains of Fusarium sulawesiensis (1), F. pernambucanum (3), and F. caatingaense (23). The phytopathogenicity tests of F. caatingaense (URM 6776, URM 6777, URM 6778, URM 6779, and URM 6782) were performed during the development of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris, Vigna unguiculata, and Phaseolus lunatus), and corn (Zea mays) seedlings, using four treatments (soil infestation with the inoculum, spraying on leaves, root dip, and negative control). The mycotoxins, monoacetyl-deoxynivalenols (AcDON), deoxynivalenol (DON), beauvericin (BEA), fusarenone-X (FUS), T-2 toxin (T2), diacetoxyscirpenol (DAS), and zearalenone (ZEA), were detected in the study; BEA (detected in 25 strains) and FUS (detected in 21 strains) were found to be predominant. None of the strains showed any ability to cause disease or virulence in beans and corn. The FIESC strains showed a highly variable production of mycotoxins without the potential to be used as phytopathogenic agents for the cultures tested.
Collapse
|
13
|
Stocker F, Obermeier MM, Resch K, Berg G, Müller Bogotá CA. A New High-Throughput Screening Method to Detect Antimicrobial Volatiles from Metagenomic Clone Libraries. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:antibiotics9110726. [PMID: 33105853 PMCID: PMC7690600 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9110726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The ever-growing spread of resistance in medicine and agriculture highlights the need to identify new antimicrobials. Microbial volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are one of the most promising groups of chemicals to meet this need. These rarely exploited molecules exhibit antimicrobial activity and their high vapour pressure makes them ideal for application in surface sterilisation, and in particular, in biofumigation. Therefore, we adapted the previously developed Two Clamp VOCs Assay (TCVA) to a new high-throughput screening for the detection of novel antifungal VOCs from metagenomic clone libraries. As a proof of concept, we tested the new high-throughput TCVA (htTCVA) by sourcing a moss metagenomic library against Fusarium culmorum. This led to the identification of five clones that inhibited the growth of mycelium and spores in vitro by up to 8% and 30% and subsequently, to the identification of VOCs that are potentially, and in part responsible for the clones’ antifungal activity. For these VOCs, the in vitro effect of the pure compounds was as high as 100%. These results demonstrate the robustness and feasibility of the htTCVA, which provides access to completely new and unexplored biosynthetic pathways and their secondary metabolites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Franz Stocker
- Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 12/I, 8010 Graz, Austria; (F.S.); (M.M.O.); (K.R.); (G.B.)
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Petersgasse 14/V, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Melanie M. Obermeier
- Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 12/I, 8010 Graz, Austria; (F.S.); (M.M.O.); (K.R.); (G.B.)
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Petersgasse 14/V, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Katharina Resch
- Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 12/I, 8010 Graz, Austria; (F.S.); (M.M.O.); (K.R.); (G.B.)
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Petersgasse 14/V, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Gabriele Berg
- Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 12/I, 8010 Graz, Austria; (F.S.); (M.M.O.); (K.R.); (G.B.)
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Petersgasse 14/V, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Christina A. Müller Bogotá
- Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 12/I, 8010 Graz, Austria; (F.S.); (M.M.O.); (K.R.); (G.B.)
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Petersgasse 14/V, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +43-316-873-8310
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Ana AGS, Carrillo-Cerda HA, Rodriguez-Campos J, Velázquez-Fernández JB, Patrón-Soberano OA, Contreras-Ramos SM. Dynamics of volatilomes emitted during cross-talking of plant-growth-promoting bacteria and the phytopathogen, Fusarium solani. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 36:152. [PMID: 32924087 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-020-02928-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/05/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The dynamics of volatilomes emitted during the interaction between plant-growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) and the phytopathogen Fusarium solani were evaluated for 5 days. The first screening was done to evaluate the antagonist activity of volatile compounds emitted by PGPB against F. solani. Volatilomes from 11 PGPB were determined individually and together with F. solani by using solid-phase microextraction coupled to gas-chromatography-mass spectrometry. Isolates of PGPB belonged to the Bacillus genus and inhibited from 18 to 24% the fungal mycelium growth. The isolates also induced morphological alterations of fungal hyphae, like small globular vesicles and the formation of chlamydospores, suggesting a stress mechanism response by the fungus. Volatilome profile showed 49 different compounds that appeared in the bacterial-fungal interaction, such as ketones, sesquiterpenes, monoterpenoids, alkanes, alkenes, carboxylic acids, and fatty acids. Some ketones and alcohols were detected in high abundance only in the interaction PGPB-fungus at 3 and 5 days. Bacillus circulans A19, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens A21, and Bacillus wiedmannii S18 shared a group of emitted alcohols and ketones when they were exposed to F. solani. F. solani produced its own volatilome profile, with the presence of sesquiterpenes, such as α-cubebene and caryophyllene, which increased significantly in co-incubation with the tested bacteria, suggesting chemical communication between them.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Gutiérrez-Santa Ana
- Unidad de Tecnología Ambiental, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco A.C. (CIATEJ), Av. Normalistas No. 800, Col. Colinas de La Normal, 44270, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - H A Carrillo-Cerda
- Unidad de Tecnología Ambiental, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco A.C. (CIATEJ), Av. Normalistas No. 800, Col. Colinas de La Normal, 44270, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - J Rodriguez-Campos
- Unidad de Servicios Analíticos Y Metrológicos (USAM), CIATEJ, Av. Normalistas No. 800, Col. Colinas de La Normal, 44270, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico.
| | - J B Velázquez-Fernández
- Catedra-Conacyt assigned to Unidad de Tecnología Ambiental at CIATEJ, Guadalaja, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - O A Patrón-Soberano
- División de Biología Molecular, Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica Y Tecnológica A.C. (IPICYT), Camino a la Presa San José 2055, Lomas 4ª. Sección, 78216, San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, Mexico
| | - S M Contreras-Ramos
- Unidad de Tecnología Ambiental, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco A.C. (CIATEJ), Av. Normalistas No. 800, Col. Colinas de La Normal, 44270, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Castro D, Torres M, Sampedro I, Martínez-Checa F, Torres B, Béjar V. Biological Control of Verticillium Wilt on Olive Trees by the Salt-Tolerant Strain Bacillus velezensis XT1. Microorganisms 2020; 8:E1080. [PMID: 32698452 PMCID: PMC7409040 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8071080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Verticillium wilt, caused by the pathogen Verticillium dahliae, is extremely devastating to olive trees (Olea europea). Currently, no successful control measure is available against it. The objective of this work was to evaluate the antifungal activity of Bacillus velezensis XT1, a well-characterized salt-tolerant biocontrol strain, against the highly virulent defoliating V. dahliae V024. In vitro, strain XT1 showed to reduce fungal mycelium from 34 to 100%, depending on if the assay was conducted with the supernatant, volatile compounds, lipopeptides or whole bacterial culture. In preventive treatments, when applied directly on young olive trees, it reduced Verticillium incidence rate and percentage of severity by 54 and ~80%, respectively. It increased polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity by 395%, indicating an enhancement of disease resistance in plant tissues, and it decreased by 20.2% the number of fungal microsclerotia in soil. In adult infected trees, palliative inoculation of strain XT1 in the soil resulted in a reduction in Verticillium symptom severity by ~63%. Strain XT1 is biosafe, stable in soil and able to colonize olive roots endophytically. All the traits described above make B. velezensis XT1 a promising alternative to be used in agriculture for the management of Verticillium wilt.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Castro
- Xtrem Biotech S.L., European Business Innovation Center, 18100 Granada, Spain; (D.C.); (B.T.)
| | - Marta Torres
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (I.S.); (F.M.-C.); (V.B.)
- Biomedical Research Center, Institute of Biotechnology, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Sampedro
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (I.S.); (F.M.-C.); (V.B.)
- Biomedical Research Center, Institute of Biotechnology, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Fernando Martínez-Checa
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (I.S.); (F.M.-C.); (V.B.)
- Biomedical Research Center, Institute of Biotechnology, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Borja Torres
- Xtrem Biotech S.L., European Business Innovation Center, 18100 Granada, Spain; (D.C.); (B.T.)
| | - Victoria Béjar
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (I.S.); (F.M.-C.); (V.B.)
- Biomedical Research Center, Institute of Biotechnology, 18016 Granada, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Verticillium Wilt of Olive and its Control: What Did We Learn during the Last Decade? PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9060735. [PMID: 32545292 PMCID: PMC7356185 DOI: 10.3390/plants9060735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Verticillium (Verticillium dahliae Kleb.) wilt is one of the most devastating diseases affecting olive (Olea europaea L. subsp. europaea var. europaea) cultivation. Its effective control strongly relies on integrated management strategies. Olive cultivation systems are experiencing important changes (e.g., high-density orchards, etc.) aiming at improving productivity. The impact of these changes on soil biology and the incidence/severity of olive pests and diseases has not yet been sufficiently evaluated. A comprehensive understanding of the biology of the pathogen and its populations, the epidemiological factors contributing to exacerbating the disease, the underlying mechanisms of tolerance/resistance, and the involvement of the olive-associated microbiota in the tree's health is needed. This knowledge will be instrumental to developing more effective control measures to confront the disease in regions where the pathogen is present, or to exclude it from V. dahliae-free areas. This review compiles the most recent advances achieved to understand the olive-V. dahliae interaction as well as measures to control the disease. Aspects such as the molecular basis of the host-pathogen interaction, the identification of new biocontrol agents, the implementation of "-omics" approaches to unravel the basis of disease tolerance, and the utilization of remote sensing technology for the early detection of pathogen attacks are highlighted.
Collapse
|
17
|
Sarven M, Hao Q, Deng J, Yang F, Wang G, Xiao Y, Xiao X. Biological Control of Tomato Gray Mold Caused by Botrytis Cinerea with the Entomopathogenic Fungus Metarhizium Anisopliae. Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9030213. [PMID: 32183055 PMCID: PMC7157576 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9030213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Gray mold disease caused by Botrytis cinerea is a devastating disease that leads to serious financial loss. In this study, the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae that acts against the gray mold pathogen B. cinerea was evaluated. M. anisopliae produced a significant inhibition zone in front of the B. cinerea colony in the dual culture test. In addition, volatile organic compounds generated by M. anisopliae were shown to have an inhibitory effect on B. cinerea mycelia growth and reduced 41% of gray mold severity of postharvest tomatoes. The 10% concentration of the culture filtrate of M. anisopliae inhibited 88.62% of colony radial growth as well as 63.85% of sclerotia germination and all conidia germination of B. cinerea. Furthermore, the culture filtrate of M. anisopliae retained its inhibitory effect against the radial growth of B. cinerea even after heating for 15 min at 100 °C. Feasible mechanisms of M. anisopliae involved in the control of B. cinerea were explored, and it was demonstrated that the plasma membrane of B. cinerea conidia was damaged by the product of metabolism of M. anisopliae. In addition, after treating with culture filtrate of M. anisopliae, the B. cinerea phenotype was shown to be abnormal, and cell organelles of B. cinerea mycelia were damaged significantly. A significant control efficacy of M. anisopliae against tomato gray mold was detected on both the detached leaf assay (84.24%) as well as the whole plant (72.38%). In addition, a 78% reduction in tomato fruit mold was detected at a 10% treated concentration of M. anisopliae. These findings suggest that M. anisopliae possesses potential as a biocontrol agent against tomato gray mold in the greenhouse and during the postharvest stage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Most.Sinthia Sarven
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China; (M.S.); (Q.H.); (G.W.); (Y.X.)
| | - Qiuyan Hao
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China; (M.S.); (Q.H.); (G.W.); (Y.X.)
| | - Junbo Deng
- Jingmen (China Valley) Academy of Agricultural Science, Jingmen 448000, Hubei, China; (J.D.); (F.Y.)
| | - Fang Yang
- Jingmen (China Valley) Academy of Agricultural Science, Jingmen 448000, Hubei, China; (J.D.); (F.Y.)
| | - Gaofeng Wang
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China; (M.S.); (Q.H.); (G.W.); (Y.X.)
| | - Yannong Xiao
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China; (M.S.); (Q.H.); (G.W.); (Y.X.)
| | - Xueqiong Xiao
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China; (M.S.); (Q.H.); (G.W.); (Y.X.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|