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Michaelis S, Chen T, Schmid C, Hilbi H. Nitric oxide signaling through three receptors regulates virulence, biofilm formation, and phenotypic heterogeneity of Legionella pneumophila. mBio 2024; 15:e0071024. [PMID: 38682908 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00710-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
The causative agent of Legionnaires' disease, Legionella pneumophila, is an environmental bacterium, that replicates in macrophages, parasitizes amoeba, and forms biofilms. L. pneumophila employs the Legionella quorum sensing (Lqs) system and the transcription factor LvbR to control various bacterial traits, including virulence and biofilm architecture. LvbR negatively regulates the nitric oxide (NO) receptor Hnox1, linking quorum sensing to NO signaling. Here, we assessed the response of L. pneumophila to NO and investigated bacterial receptors underlying this process. Chemical NO donors, such as dipropylenetriamine (DPTA) NONOate and sodium nitroprusside (SNP), delayed and reduced the expression of the promoters for flagellin (PflaA) and the 6S small regulatory RNA (P6SRNA). Marker-less L. pneumophila mutant strains lacking individual (Hnox1, Hnox2, or NosP) or all three NO receptors (triple knockout, TKO) grew like the parental strain in media. However, in the TKO strain, the reduction of PflaA expression by DPTA NONOate was less pronounced, suggesting that the NO receptors are implicated in NO signaling. In the ΔnosP mutant, the lvbR promoter was upregulated, indicating that NosP negatively regulates LvbR. The single and triple NO receptor mutant strains were impaired for growth in phagocytes, and phenotypic heterogeneity of non-growing/growing bacteria in amoebae was regulated by the NO receptors. The single NO receptor and TKO mutant strains showed altered biofilm architecture and lack of response of biofilms to NO. In summary, we provide evidence that L. pneumophila regulates virulence, intracellular phenotypic heterogeneity, and biofilm formation through NO and three functionally non-redundant NO receptors, Hnox1, Hnox2, and NosP. IMPORTANCE The highly reactive diatomic gas molecule nitric oxide (NO) is produced by eukaryotes and bacteria to promote short-range and transient signaling within and between neighboring cells. Despite its importance as an inter-kingdom and intra-bacterial signaling molecule, the bacterial response and the underlying components of the signaling pathways are poorly characterized. The environmental bacterium Legionella pneumophila forms biofilms and replicates in protozoan and mammalian phagocytes. L. pneumophila harbors three putative NO receptors, one of which crosstalks with the Legionella quorum sensing (Lqs)-LvbR network to regulate various bacterial traits, including virulence and biofilm architecture. In this study, we used pharmacological, genetic, and cell biological approaches to assess the response of L. pneumophila to NO and to demonstrate that the putative NO receptors are implicated in NO detection, bacterial replication in phagocytes, intracellular phenotypic heterogeneity, and biofilm formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Michaelis
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Tong Chen
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Camille Schmid
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Hubert Hilbi
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
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2
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Chen X, Li J, Liao R, Shi X, Xing Y, Xu X, Xiao H, Xiao D. Bibliometric analysis and visualization of quorum sensing research over the last two decade. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1366760. [PMID: 38646636 PMCID: PMC11026600 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1366760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Quorum sensing (QS) research stands as a pivotal and multifaceted domain within microbiology, holding profound implications across various scientific disciplines. This bibliometric analysis seeks to offer an extensive overview of QS research, covering the period from 2004 to 2023. It aims to elucidate the hotspots, trends, and the evolving dynamics within this research domain. Methods We conducted an exhaustive review of the literature, employing meticulous data curation from the Science Citation Index Extension (SCI-E) within the Web of Science (WOS) database. Subsequently, our survey delves into evolving publication trends, the constellation of influential authors and institutions, key journals shaping the discourse, global collaborative networks, and thematic hotspots that define the QS research field. Results The findings demonstrate a consistent and growing interest in QS research throughout the years, encompassing a substantial dataset of 4,849 analyzed articles. Journals such as Frontiers in Microbiology have emerged as significant contributor to the QS literature, highlighting the increasing recognition of QS's importance across various research fields. Influential research in the realm of QS often centers on microbial communication, biofilm formation, and the development of QS inhibitors. Notably, leading countries engaged in QS research include the United States, China, and India. Moreover, the analysis identifies research focal points spanning diverse domains, including pharmacological properties, genetics and metabolic pathways, as well as physiological and signal transduction mechanisms, reaffirming the multidisciplinary character of QS research. Conclusion This bibliometric exploration provides a panoramic overview of the current state of QS research. The data portrays a consistent trend of expansion and advancement within this domain, signaling numerous prospects for forthcoming research and development. Scholars and stakeholders engaged in the QS field can harness these findings to navigate the evolving terrain with precision and speed, thereby enhancing our comprehension and utilization of QS in various scientific and clinical domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinghan Chen
- Research Institute of Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells, Nanchong Central Hospital, The Second Clinical College of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jiaqi Li
- Department of Dermatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ruohan Liao
- Research Institute of Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells, Nanchong Central Hospital, The Second Clinical College of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiujun Shi
- Research Institute of Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells, Nanchong Central Hospital, The Second Clinical College of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
| | - Yan Xing
- Research Institute of Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells, Nanchong Central Hospital, The Second Clinical College of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
| | - Xuewen Xu
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Haitao Xiao
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Dongqin Xiao
- Research Institute of Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells, Nanchong Central Hospital, The Second Clinical College of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
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Mendoza AG, Guercio D, Smiley MK, Sharma GK, Withorn JM, Hudson-Smith NV, Ndukwe C, Dietrich LEP, Boon EM. The histidine kinase NahK regulates pyocyanin production through the PQS system. J Bacteriol 2024; 206:e0027623. [PMID: 38169296 PMCID: PMC10809955 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00276-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Many bacterial histidine kinases work in two-component systems that combine into larger multi-kinase networks. NahK is one of the kinases in the GacS Multi-Kinase Network (MKN), which is the MKN that controls biofilm regulation in the opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa. This network has also been associated with regulating many virulence factors P. aeruginosa secretes to cause disease. However, the individual role of each kinase is unknown. In this study, we identify NahK as a novel regulator of the phenazine pyocyanin (PYO). Deletion of nahK leads to a fourfold increase in PYO production, almost exclusively through upregulation of phenazine operon two (phz2). We determined that this upregulation is due to mis-regulation of all P. aeruginosa quorum-sensing (QS) systems, with a large upregulation of the Pseudomonas quinolone signal system and a decrease in production of the acyl-homoserine lactone-producing system, las. In addition, we see differences in expression of quorum-sensing inhibitor proteins that align with these changes. Together, these data contribute to understanding how the GacS MKN modulates QS and virulence and suggest a mechanism for cell density-independent regulation of quorum sensing. IMPORTANCE Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a Gram-negative bacterium that establishes biofilms as part of its pathogenicity. P. aeruginosa infections are associated with nosocomial infections. As the prevalence of multi-drug-resistant P. aeruginosa increases, it is essential to understand underlying virulence molecular mechanisms. Histidine kinase NahK is one of several kinases in P. aeruginosa implicated in biofilm formation and dispersal. Previous work has shown that the nitric oxide sensor, NosP, triggers biofilm dispersal by inhibiting NahK. The data presented here demonstrate that NahK plays additional important roles in the P. aeruginosa lifestyle, including regulating bacterial communication mechanisms such as quorum sensing. These effects have larger implications in infection as they affect toxin production and virulence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia G. Mendoza
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Danielle Guercio
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Marina K. Smiley
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Gaurav K. Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Jason M. Withorn
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | | | - Chika Ndukwe
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Lars E. P. Dietrich
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Elizabeth M. Boon
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
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Liang S, Xiao L, Fang Y, Chen T, Xie Y, Peng Z, Wu M, Liu Y, Xie J, Nie Y, Zhao X, Deng Y, Zhao C, Mai Y. A nanocomposite hydrogel for co-delivery of multiple anti-biofilm therapeutics to enhance the treatment of bacterial biofilm-related infections. Int J Pharm 2024; 649:123638. [PMID: 38008233 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
The characteristics of biofilms have exacerbated the issue of clinical antibiotic resistance, rendering it a pressing challenge in need of resolution. The combination of biofilm-dispersing agents and antibiotics can eliminate biofilms and promote healing synergistically in infected wounds. In this study, we developed a novel nanocomposite hydrogel (NC gel) comprised of the poly(lactic acid)-hyperbranched polyglycerol (PLA-HPG) based bioadhesive nanoparticles (BNPs) and a hydrophilic carboxymethyl chitosan (CS) network. The NC gel was designed to co-deliver two biofilm-dispersing agents (an NO-donor SNO, and an α-amylase Am) and an antibiotic, cefepime (Cef), utilizing a synergistic anti-biofilm mechanism in which Am loosens the matrix structure and NO promotes the release of biofilm bacteria via quorum sensing, and Cef kills bacteria. The drug-loaded NC gel (SNO/BNP/CS@Am-Cef) demonstrated sustained drug release, minimal cytotoxicity, and increased drug-bacterial interactions at the site of infection. When applied to mice infected with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) biofilms in vivo, SNO/BNP/CS@Am-Cef enhanced biofilm elimination and promoted wound healing compared to traditional antibiotic treatments. Our work demonstrates the feasibility of the co-delivery of biofilm-dispersing agents and antibiotics using the NC gel and presents a promising approach for the polytherapy of bacterial biofilm-related infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Liang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Lingyun Xiao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China; Precise Genome Engineering Center, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yixuan Fang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Tian Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Yuan Xie
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Zhangwen Peng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Meiying Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Yang Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Julin Xie
- Department of Burns, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Yichu Nie
- Clinical Research Institute, The First People's Hospital of Foshan & Sun Yat-sen University Foshan Hospital, Foshan 528000, China
| | - Xizhe Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, College of Staten Island, City University of New York, NY 10314, USA
| | - Yang Deng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China.
| | - Chao Zhao
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Convergent Biosciences and Medicine, Alabama Life Research Institute, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA.
| | - Yang Mai
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China.
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Anantharaman S, Guercio D, Mendoza AG, Withorn JM, Boon EM. Negative regulation of biofilm formation by nitric oxide sensing proteins. Biochem Soc Trans 2023; 51:1447-1458. [PMID: 37610010 PMCID: PMC10625800 DOI: 10.1042/bst20220845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Biofilm-based infections pose a serious threat to public health. Biofilms are surface-attached communities of microorganisms, most commonly bacteria and yeast, residing in an extracellular polymeric substance (EPS). The EPS is composed of several secreted biomolecules that shield the microorganisms from harsh environmental stressors and promote antibiotic resistance. Due to the increasing prominence of multidrug-resistant microorganisms and a decreased development of bactericidal agents in clinical production, there is an increasing need to discover alternative targets and treatment regimens for biofilm-based infections. One promising strategy to combat antibiotic resistance in biofilm-forming bacteria is to trigger biofilm dispersal, which is a natural part of the bacterial biofilm life cycle. One signal for biofilm dispersal is the diatomic gas nitric oxide (NO). Low intracellular levels of NO have been well documented to rapidly disperse biofilm macrostructures and are sensed by a widely conserved NO-sensory protein, NosP, in many pathogenic bacteria. When bound to heme and ligated to NO, NosP inhibits the autophosphorylation of NosP's associated histidine kinase, NahK, reducing overall biofilm formation. This reduction in biofilm formation is regulated by the decrease in secondary metabolite bis-(3'-5')-cyclic dimeric guanosine monophosphate (c-di-GMP). The NosP/NahK signaling pathway is also associated with other major regulatory systems in the maturation of bacterial biofilms, including virulence and quorum sensing. In this review, we will focus on recent discoveries investigating NosP, NahK and NO-mediated biofilm dispersal in pathogenic bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sweta Anantharaman
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3400, U.S.A
| | - Danielle Guercio
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3400, U.S.A
| | - Alicia G Mendoza
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3400, U.S.A
| | - Jason M Withorn
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3400, U.S.A
| | - Elizabeth M Boon
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3400, U.S.A
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Garrido-Amador P, Stortenbeker N, Wessels HJCT, Speth DR, Garcia-Heredia I, Kartal B. Enrichment and characterization of a nitric oxide-reducing microbial community in a continuous bioreactor. Nat Microbiol 2023; 8:1574-1586. [PMID: 37429908 PMCID: PMC10390337 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-023-01425-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a highly reactive and climate-active molecule and a key intermediate in the microbial nitrogen cycle. Despite its role in the evolution of denitrification and aerobic respiration, high redox potential and capacity to sustain microbial growth, our understanding of NO-reducing microorganisms remains limited due to the absence of NO-reducing microbial cultures obtained directly from the environment using NO as a substrate. Here, using a continuous bioreactor and a constant supply of NO as the sole electron acceptor, we enriched and characterized a microbial community dominated by two previously unknown microorganisms that grow at nanomolar NO concentrations and survive high amounts (>6 µM) of this toxic gas, reducing it to N2 with little to non-detectable production of the greenhouse gas nitrous oxide. These results provide insight into the physiology of NO-reducing microorganisms, which have pivotal roles in the control of climate-active gases, waste removal, and evolution of nitrate and oxygen respiration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hans J C T Wessels
- Translational Metabolic Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Daan R Speth
- Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Bremen, Germany
| | | | - Boran Kartal
- Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Bremen, Germany.
- School of Science, Constructor University, Bremen, Germany.
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Nitric Oxide Signaling for Aerial Mycelium Formation in Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2) M145. Appl Environ Microbiol 2022; 88:e0122222. [PMID: 36354316 PMCID: PMC9746327 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01222-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a well-known signaling molecule in various organisms. Streptomyces undergoes complex morphological differentiation, similar to that of fungi. A recent study revealed a nitrogen oxide metabolic cycle that forms NO in Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2) M145. Further, endogenously produced NO serves as a signaling molecule. Here, we report that endogenously produced NO regulates cyclic 3',5'-diguanylate (c-di-GMP) levels and controls aerial mycelium formation through the c-di-GMP-binding transcriptional regulator BldD in S. coelicolor A3(2) M145. These observations provide important insights into the mechanisms regulating morphological differentiation. This is the first study to demonstrate a link between NO and c-di-GMP in S. coelicolor A3(2) M145. Morphological differentiation is closely linked to the initiation of secondary metabolism in actinomycetes. Thus, the NO signaling-based regulation of aerial mycelium formation has potential applications in the fermentation industry employing useful actinomycetes. IMPORTANCE Eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells utilize nitric oxide (NO) to regulate physiological functions. Besides its role as a producer of different bioactive substances, Streptomyces is suggested to be involved in mycelial development regulated by endogenously produced NO. However, the regulatory mechanisms are unclear. In this study, we proposed that NO signaling is involved in aerial mycelium formation in S. coelicolor A3(2) M145. NO serves as a signaling molecule for the regulation of intracellular cyclic 3',5'-diguanylate (c-di-GMP) levels, resulting in aerial mycelium formation controlled by a c-di-GMP receptor, BldD. As the abundant production of valuable secondary metabolites is closely related to the initiation of morphological differentiation in Streptomyces, NO may provide value for application in industrial fermentation by serving as a tool for regulating secondary metabolism.
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Maratha S, Sharma V, Walia V. Possible involvement of NO-sGC-cGMP signaling in the antidepressant like effect of pyridoxine in mice. Metab Brain Dis 2022; 37:173-183. [PMID: 34739660 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-021-00858-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The present study was designed to determine the antidepressant like effect of pyridoxine in mice. Pyridoxine (12.5, 25 and 50 mg/kg, i.p.) was administered to the mice and depression related behavioral and neurochemical alterations were determined. It was observed that pyridoxine (50 mg/kg, i.p.) treatment decreased the immobility period in tail suspension test (TST) and forced swim test (FST) significantly as compared to control. Pyridoxine (50 mg/kg, i.p.) treatment increased the level of serotonin (5-HT) and decreased the level of nitrite in the brain of mice significantly as compared to control. Pyridoxine thus confer antidepressant like effect by increasing the level of 5-HT and by decreasing the level of nitrite in the brain of mice. Further the influence of nitric oxide (NO)/ soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC)/ cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) in antidepressant-like effect of pyridoxine was studied. It was observed that the pretreatment of NO donor (i.e. L-Arginine) and cGMP modulator (i.e. sildenafil) counteracted while the pretreatment of NO/sGC inhibitor (i.e. methylene blue) potentiated the effect of pyridoxine in TST and FST. Pretreatment of NO donor did not influence, pretreatment of NO/sGC inhibitor decreased while the pretreatment of cGMP modulator increased the level of brain nitrite in pyridoxine treated mice. Further the pretreatment of NO donor and cGMP modulator decreased while the pretreatment of NO/sGC inhibitor increased the level of brain serotonin in pyridoxine treated mice. Pyridoxine thus exerted antidepressant like effect and NO-sGC-cGMP signaling modulated the antidepressant like effect of pyridoxine in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushma Maratha
- SGT College of Pharmacy, SGT University, Gurugram, India
| | - Vijay Sharma
- SGT College of Pharmacy, SGT University, Gurugram, India
| | - Vaibhav Walia
- SGT College of Pharmacy, SGT University, Gurugram, India.
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Cattò C, Villa F, Cappitelli F. Understanding the Role of the Antioxidant Drug Erdosteine and Its Active Metabolite on Staphylococcus aureus Methicillin Resistant Biofilm Formation. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10121922. [PMID: 34943025 PMCID: PMC8698571 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10121922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing numbers of researches have suggested that some drugs with reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated mechanisms of action modulate biofilm formation of some pathogenic strains. However, the full contribution of ROS to biofilm development is still an open question. In this paper, the correlations between the antioxidant drug Erdosteine (Er) and its active Metabolite I (Met I), ROS and biofilm development of two strains of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus are presented. Experiments revealed that Er and Met I at 2 and 5 mg/L increased up to three orders of magnitude the number of biofilm-dwelling cells, while the content of ROS within the biofilms was reduced above the 87%, with a major effect of Met I in comparison to Er. Comparative proteomics showed that, 5 mg/L Met I modified the expression of 30% and 65% of total proteins in the two strains respectively. Some proteins involved in cell replication were upregulated, and a nitric oxide-based mechanism is assumed to modulate the biofilm development by changing quorum sensitive pathways. Additionally, several proteins involved in virulence were downregulated in the presence of Met I, suggesting that treated cells, despite being greater in number, might have lost part of their virulence.
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Maratha S, Sharma V, Walia V. Antidepressant Like Effect of Ascorbic Acid in Mice: Possible Involvement of NO-sGC-cGMP Signaling. Neurochem Res 2021; 47:967-978. [PMID: 34825298 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-021-03496-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The present study was designed to determine the antidepressant like activity of ascorbic acid (AA) in mice. Further the influence of NO-sGC-cGMP signaling in the antidepressant like effect of AA in mice was determined. Male swiss albino mice were used in the present study. Mice in the control group received saline and fluoxetine (10 mg/kg, i.p.) was used as the standard antidepressant drug. AA (50, 100 and 150 mg/kg, i.p.) was administered to the mice and depression related behavior were determined using tail suspension test (TST) and forced swim test (FST). Further the whole brain nitrite and serotonin levels were also determined. It was observed that the administration of AA (100 mg/kg, i.p.) reversed the depression like behavior in mice in TST and FST. AA (100 mg/kg, i.p.) treatment decreased the level of nitrite and increased the level of serotonin in the brain of mice significantly as compared to control. Further the behavioral and neurochemical effect of AA (50 mg/kg, i.p) was studied in NO modulator [NO donor: L-Arginine (50 mg/kg, i.p); NO-sGC inhibitor: methylene blue (1 mg/kg, i.p.) and cGMP modulator: sildenafil (1 mg/kg, i.p.)] pretreated mice. It was observed that the pretreatment of NO donor and cGMP modulator counteracted the effect conferred by AA (50 mg/kg, i.p). While the pretreatment of NO-sGC inhibitor potentiated the effect conferred by AA (50 mg/kg, i.p). The present study suggested that the AA confer antidepressant like effect in mice and NO-sGC-cGMP signaling pathway influence the antidepressant like effect of AA in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushma Maratha
- SGT College of Pharmacy, SGT University, Gurugram, India
| | - Vijay Sharma
- SGT College of Pharmacy, SGT University, Gurugram, India
| | - Vaibhav Walia
- SGT College of Pharmacy, SGT University, Gurugram, India.
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11
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Wang Y, Li Q, Tian P, Tan T. Charting the landscape of RNA polymerases to unleash their potential in strain improvement. Biotechnol Adv 2021; 54:107792. [PMID: 34216775 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2021.107792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
One major mission of microbial cell factory is overproduction of desired chemicals. To this end, it is necessary to orchestrate enzymes that affect metabolic fluxes. However, only modification of a small number of enzymes in most cases cannot maximize desired metabolites, and global regulation is required. Of myriad enzymes influencing global regulation, RNA polymerase (RNAP) may be the most versatile enzyme in biological realm because it not only serves as the workhorse of central dogma but also participates in a plethora of biochemical events. In fact, recent years have witnessed extensive exploitation of RNAPs for phenotypic engineering. While a few impressive reviews showcase the structures and functionalities of RNAPs, this review not only summarizes the state-of-the-art advance in the structures of RNAPs but also points out their enormous potentials in metabolic engineering and synthetic biology. This review aims to provide valuable insights for strain improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Qingyang Li
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, PR China
| | - Pingfang Tian
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China.
| | - Tianwei Tan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
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Leonardi A, Zhang AC, Düzen N, Aldred N, Finlay JA, Clarke JL, Clare AS, Segalman RA, Ober CK. Amphiphilic Nitroxide-Bearing Siloxane-Based Block Copolymer Coatings for Enhanced Marine Fouling Release. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:28790-28801. [PMID: 34105932 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c05266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The buildup of organic matter and organisms on surfaces exposed to marine environments, known as biofouling, is a disruptive and costly process affecting maritime operations. Previous research has identified some of the surface characteristics particularly suited to the creation of antifouling and fouling-release surfaces, but there remains room for improvement against both macrofouling and microfouling organisms. Characterization of their adhesives has shown that many rely on oxidative chemistries. In this work, we explore the incorporation of the stable radical 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpipiderin-1-oxyl (TEMPO) as a component in an amphiphilic block copolymer system to act as an inhibitor for marine cements, disrupting adhesion of macrofouling organisms. Using polystyrene-b-poly(dimethylsiloxane-r-vinylmethysiloxane) block copolymers, pendent vinyl groups were functionalized with TEMPO and poly(ethylene glycol) to construct an amphiphilic material with redox active character. The antifouling and fouling-release performance of these materials was investigated through settlement and removal assays of three model fouling organisms and correlated to surface structure and chemistry. Surfaces showed significant antifouling character and fouling-release performance was increased substantially toward barnacles by the incorporation of stable radicals, indicating their potential for marine antifouling applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Leonardi
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Aria C Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Nilay Düzen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Nick Aldred
- School of Life Sciences, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester CO4 3SQ, United Kingdom
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, United Kingdom
| | - John A Finlay
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, United Kingdom
| | - Jessica L Clarke
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony S Clare
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel A Segalman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93110, United States
| | - Christopher K Ober
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
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Mondal A, Devine R, Estes L, Manuel J, Singha P, Mancha J, Palmer M, Handa H. Highly hydrophobic polytetrafluoroethylene particle immobilization via polydopamine anchor layer on nitric oxide releasing polymer for biomedical applications. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 585:716-728. [PMID: 33190836 PMCID: PMC7770048 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2020.10.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Biomedical surface-associated infections and thrombus formation are two major clinical issues that challenge patient safety and patient the fate of a medical device in the body . Single platform multifunctional surfaces are critical to address both these indwelling medical device-related problems. In this work, bio-inspired approaches are employed to fabricate a polymer composite with a versatile surface that can reduce bacterial infections and platelet adhesion in vitro. In the first bio-inspired approach, the functionality of nitric oxide (NO) produced by endothelial cell lining of blood vessels is mimicked through incorporation of S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine (SNAP) within a CarboSil-2080A™ (CarboSil) polymer composite matrix. The second approach involves utilizing mussel adhesive chemistry, via polydopamine (PDA) to immobilize polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) particles on the polymer composite surface. The PTFE coating facilitates a decrease in wettability by making the polymer composite surface highly hydrophobic (contact angle ca. 120°). The surface of the fabricated polymer composite , CarboSil SNAP-PTFE, had a cobblestone-like structured appearance as characterized through scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Water contact angle (WCA) and surface tension measurements indicated no significant coating losses after 24 h under physiological conditions. NO surface flux was measured and analyzed for 5 days using a chemiluminescence-based nitric oxide analyzer and was found to be within the physiological range. CarboSil SNAP-PTFE reduced adhered bacteria (99.3 ± 0.5% for Gram-positive S. aureus and 99.1 ± 0.4% for Gram-negative E. coli) in a 24 h in vitro study. SEM analysis showed the absence of biofilm formation on CarboSil SNAP-PTFE polymer composites, while present on CarboSil in 24 h exposure to S. aureus. Platelet adhesion was reduced by 83.3 ± 4.5%. Overall, the results of this study suggest that a combination of NO-releasing CarboSil with PTFE coating can drastically reduce infection and platelet adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnab Mondal
- School of Chemical, Materials and Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Ryan Devine
- School of Chemical, Materials and Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Lori Estes
- School of Chemical, Materials and Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - James Manuel
- School of Chemical, Materials and Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Priyadarshini Singha
- School of Chemical, Materials and Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Juhi Mancha
- School of Chemical, Materials and Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Marley Palmer
- School of Chemical, Materials and Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Hitesh Handa
- School of Chemical, Materials and Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.
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Després M, Gaudin S. [Host nitric oxide disrupts microbial cell-to-cell communication to inhibit staphylococcal virulence - Microbes and intercellular communication]. Med Sci (Paris) 2020; 36:1074-1077. [PMID: 33151870 DOI: 10.1051/medsci/2020214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Le dossier thématique suivant a été rédigé par les étudiantes et étudiants de Master 1 de Biologie de l’École Normale Supérieure de Lyon à l’issue de l’UE Microbiologie Moléculaire et Structurale (2019-2020). Le Master de Biologie de l’ENS de Lyon, cohabilité par l’université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, accueille chaque année environ 50 étudiants en M1 et en M2 et propose une formation de haut niveau à la recherche en biosciences. Chaque étudiant y construit son parcours à la carte, en choisissant ses options parmi un large panel de modules, favorisant ainsi une approche pluridisciplinaire des sciences du vivant, et ce en relation étroite avec les laboratoires de recherche du tissu local, national et international.
En participant à diverses activités scientifiques connexes aux UE de leur formation, les étudiants préparent également l’obtention du Diplôme de l’ENS de Lyon, qui valide leur scolarité à l’ENS. La rédaction du présent dossier, qui vise à transmettre de façon claire les messages issus d’une sélection d’articles scientifiques publiés récemment dans le domaine de la microbiologie, constitue l’une de ces activités connexes proposées aux étudiants.
Les bactéries peuvent vivre en communautés dont la structure est régulée par de nombreuses interactions abiotiques et biotiques. Les interactions biotiques reposent sur des communications inter-bactériennes qui participent à la mise en place de relations de collaboration, de compétition ou de prédation. Ces communautés bactériennes peuvent en outre être en interaction avec des hôtes animaux, dans le cas des bactéries du microbiote ou des bactéries pathogènes par exemple, ou avec des virus parasites, les bactériophages. Le présent dossier illustre quelques aspects nouveaux de cette communication bactérienne, et de la façon dont les interactions bactéries/hôte ou bactéries/phages peuvent impacter cette communication.
Deux nouvelles s’attardent sur des découvertes récentes autour du quorum sensing, une modalité de communication bactérienne permettant l’expression coordonnée des gènes à l’échelle de la population, en fonction de la densité de la population. La nouvelle intitulée « Le monoxyde d’azote : une arme du système immunitaire pour brouiller les communications entre bactéries » illustre comment le quorum sensing chez Staphylococcus aureus, une bactérie opportuniste, peut être affecté par un médiateur du système immunitaire de la souris. La nouvelle intitulée « Un bactériophage exploite le système de communication de son hôte bactérien pour entrer en cycle lytique » montre une stratégie étonnante par laquelle le phage VP882 décrypte des signaux issus du quorum sensing de la bactérie qu’il infecte pour réguler son propre cycle de réplication.
Au-delà du quorum sensing, deux nouvelles décrivent de nouvelles modalités de communication inter-bactérienne. La nouvelle intitulée « Les nanotubes bactériens, acteurs de la compétition entre Bacillus subtilis et Bacillus megaterium » met en lumière le rôle des nanotubes, des structures de communication intercellulaire insoupçonnées jusque récemment chez les bactéries. La nouvelle intitulée « La bactérie Vibrio cholerae lyse les bactéries environnantes et assimile leur ADN qu’elle intègre dans son propre génome » illustre comment un système de sécrétion, qui permet l’injection d’effecteurs bactériens dans des cellules cibles, peut être exploité pour faciliter les transferts horizontaux de gènes chez les bactéries.
Enfin, pour élargir la réflexion au monde des virus eucaryotes, deux nouvelles montrent comment l’infection virale peut interférer avec la communication entre cellules eucaryotes, sur l’exemple de la communication s’effectuant par l’intermédiaire de vésicules extracellulaires. La nouvelle intitulée « La sécrétion de vésicules extracellulaires par les plaquettes activées à l’origine de la létalité de la dengue ? » discute des mécanismes par lesquels le virus de la dengue déclenche la sécrétion de vésicules extracellulaires par les plaquettes, et des conséquences que cela peut avoir sur l’inflammation et le déclenchement de chocs hémorragiques. La nouvelle intitulée « Le coccolithovirus et Emiliania huxleyi : le détournement viral des vésicules extracellulaires » montre enfin comment ce virus d’algue unicellulaire exploite la communication intercellulaire de son hôte pour augmenter son pouvoir de diffusion au sein de la population, et des conséquences écologiques et géochimiques que cela peut entraîner à grande échelle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merlin Després
- École normale supérieure de Lyon, Département de biologie, Master biologie, Lyon, France
| | - Simon Gaudin
- École normale supérieure de Lyon, Département de biologie, Master biologie, Lyon, France
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Li B, Ming Y, Liu Y, Xing H, Fu R, Li Z, Ni R, Li L, Duan D, Xu J, Li C, Xiang M, Song H, Chen J. Recent Developments in Pharmacological Effect, Mechanism and Application Prospect of Diazeniumdiolates. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:923. [PMID: 32655397 PMCID: PMC7324472 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a simple structured and unstable free radical molecule, which participates in the regulation of many pathophysiological processes. It functions both as a second messenger and as an endogenous neurotransmitter. Diazeniumdiolates (NONOates) are a series of compounds containing the functional parent nuclear structure of [N(O)NO]-, which are the most widely studied NO donors. NONOates are unstable and easy to release NO in physiological conditions. The biomedical applications and drug development of NO donor have attracted the scientists' attention in recent years. In this review, recent advances in NONOates research are highlighted in terms of chemical structures, molecular characteristics, pharmacological effects, and biomedical application prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jianhong Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
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