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Koutsoumanis K, Allende A, Alvarez‐Ordóñez A, Bolton D, Bover‐Cid S, Chemaly M, De Cesare A, Herman L, Hilbert F, Lindqvist R, Nauta M, Nonno R, Peixe L, Ru G, Simmons M, Skandamis P, Baker‐Austin C, Hervio‐Heath D, Martinez‐Urtaza J, Caro ES, Strauch E, Thébault A, Guerra B, Messens W, Simon AC, Barcia‐Cruz R, Suffredini E. Public health aspects of Vibrio spp. related to the consumption of seafood in the EU. EFSA J 2024; 22:e8896. [PMID: 39045511 PMCID: PMC11263920 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2024.8896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Vibrio vulnificus and non-O1/non-O139 Vibrio cholerae are the Vibrio spp. of highest relevance for public health in the EU through seafood consumption. Infection with V. parahaemolyticus is associated with the haemolysins thermostable direct haemolysin (TDH) and TDH-related haemolysin (TRH) and mainly leads to acute gastroenteritis. V. vulnificus infections can lead to sepsis and death in susceptible individuals. V. cholerae non-O1/non-O139 can cause mild gastroenteritis or lead to severe infections, including sepsis, in susceptible individuals. The pooled prevalence estimate in seafood is 19.6% (95% CI 13.7-27.4), 6.1% (95% CI 3.0-11.8) and 4.1% (95% CI 2.4-6.9) for V. parahaemolyticus, V. vulnificus and non-choleragenic V. cholerae, respectively. Approximately one out of five V. parahaemolyticus-positive samples contain pathogenic strains. A large spectrum of antimicrobial resistances, some of which are intrinsic, has been found in vibrios isolated from seafood or food-borne infections in Europe. Genes conferring resistance to medically important antimicrobials and associated with mobile genetic elements are increasingly detected in vibrios. Temperature and salinity are the most relevant drivers for Vibrio abundance in the aquatic environment. It is anticipated that the occurrence and levels of the relevant Vibrio spp. in seafood will increase in response to coastal warming and extreme weather events, especially in low-salinity/brackish waters. While some measures, like high-pressure processing, irradiation or depuration reduce the levels of Vibrio spp. in seafood, maintaining the cold chain is important to prevent their growth. Available risk assessments addressed V. parahaemolyticus in various types of seafood and V. vulnificus in raw oysters and octopus. A quantitative microbiological risk assessment relevant in an EU context would be V. parahaemolyticus in bivalve molluscs (oysters), evaluating the effect of mitigations, especially in a climate change scenario. Knowledge gaps related to Vibrio spp. in seafood and aquatic environments are identified and future research needs are prioritised.
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Xu Y, Zheng Z, Sun R, Ye L, Chan EWC, Chen S. Epidemiological and genetic characterization of multidrug-resistant non-O1 and non-O139 Vibrio cholerae from food in southern China. Int J Food Microbiol 2024; 418:110734. [PMID: 38759293 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2024.110734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2024] [Revised: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
This study reports a comprehensive epidemiological and genetic analysis of V. cholerae strains, specifically non-O1/non-O139 serogroups, isolated from animal-derived food samples in Guangdong province from 2015 to 2019. A total of 21 V. cholerae strains were obtained, which exhibited high resistance rates for nalidixic acid (57.14 %, 12/21), ampicillin (33.33 %, 7/21), and ciprofloxacin (19.05 %, 4/21). The quinolone resistance-related gene, qnrVC, was prevalent in 80.95 % (17/21) of the isolates. Additionally, chromosomally mediated quinolone-resistance mutations, including mutations in GyrA at position 83 (S83I) and ParC at position 85 (S85L), were detected in 47.62 % of the isolates. The combination of target mutation and qnrVC genes was shown to mediate resistance or intermediate resistance to ciprofloxacin in V. cholerae. Furthermore, an IncC-type conjugative plasmid carrying thirteen antibiotic resistance genes, including genes conferring resistance to two clinically important antibiotics, cephalosporins and fluoroquinolones, was identified in the shrimp-derived strain Vc516. While none of our food isolates harbored the toxigenic CTX- and TCP-encoding genes, they did possess genes encoding toxins such as HlyA and Autoinducer-2. Notably, some V. cholerae strains from this study exhibited a close genetic relationship with clinical strains, suggesting their potential to cause human infections. Taken together, this study provides a comprehensive view of the epidemiological features and genetic basis of antimicrobial resistance and virulence potential of V. cholerae strains isolated from food in southern China, thereby advancing our understanding of this important pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yating Xu
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong; State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery and the Department of Food Science and Nutrition, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Zhiwei Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery and the Department of Food Science and Nutrition, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong; Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Food Biological Safety Control, Food Safety and Technology Research Centre, The Hong Kong PolyU Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruanyang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery and the Department of Food Science and Nutrition, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong; Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Food Biological Safety Control, Food Safety and Technology Research Centre, The Hong Kong PolyU Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Lianwei Ye
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong; State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery and the Department of Food Science and Nutrition, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Edward Wai-Chi Chan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery and the Department of Food Science and Nutrition, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Sheng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery and the Department of Food Science and Nutrition, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong; Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Food Biological Safety Control, Food Safety and Technology Research Centre, The Hong Kong PolyU Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China.
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Sripradite J, Thaotumpitak V, Atwill ER, Hinthong W, Jeamsripong S. Distribution of bacteria and antimicrobial resistance in retail Nile tilapia (Oreochromis spp.) as potential sources of foodborne illness. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0299987. [PMID: 38564611 PMCID: PMC10986973 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0299987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate AMR profiles of Aeromonas hydrophila, Salmonella spp., and Vibrio cholerae isolated from Nile tilapia (Oreochromis spp.) (n = 276) purchased from fresh markets and supermarkets in Bangkok, Thailand. A sample of tilapia was divided into three parts: fish intestine (n = 276), fish meat (n = 276), and liver and kidney (n = 276). The occurrence of A. hydrophila, Salmonella, and V. cholerae was 3.1%, 7.4%, and 8.5%, respectively. A high prevalence of these pathogenic bacteria was observed in fresh market tilapia compared to those from supermarkets (p < 0.05). The predominant Salmonella serovars were Paratyphi B (6.4%), followed by Escanaba (5.7%), and Saintpaul (5.7%). All isolates tested positive for the virulence genes of A. hydrophila (aero and hly), Salmonella (invA), and V. cholerae (hlyA). A. hydrophila (65.4%), Salmonella (31.2%), and V. cholerae (2.9%) showed multidrug resistant isolates. All A. hydrophila isolates (n = 26) exhibited resistant to ampicillin (100.0%) and florfenicol (100.0%), and often carried sul1 (53.8%) and tetA (50.0%). Salmonella isolates were primarily resistant to ampicillin (36.9%), with a high incidence of blaTEM (26.2%) and qnrS (25.5%). For V. cholerae isolates, resistance was observed against ampicillin (48.6%), and they commonly carried qnrS (24.3%) and tetA (22.9%). To identify mutations in the quinolone resistance determining regions (QRDRs), a single C248A point mutation of C248A (Ser-83-Tyr) in the gyrA region was identified in six out of seven isolates of Salmonella isolates. This study highlighted the presence of antimicrobial-resistant pathogenic bacteria in Nile tilapia at a selling point. It is important to rigorously implement strategies for AMR control and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarukorn Sripradite
- Department of Social and Applied Science, College of Industrial Technology, King Mongkut’s University of Technology North Bangkok, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Varangkana Thaotumpitak
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Research Unit in Microbial Food Safety and Antimicrobial Resistance, Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Edward R. Atwill
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Woranich Hinthong
- Princess Srisavangavadhana College of Medicine, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Saharuetai Jeamsripong
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Research Unit in Microbial Food Safety and Antimicrobial Resistance, Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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De R, Mukhopadhyay AK, Ghosh M, Basak S, Dutta S. Emerging resistome diversity in clinical Vibrio cholerae strains revealing their role as potential reservoirs of antimicrobial resistance. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:409. [PMID: 38461219 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09313-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This is a unique and novel study delineating the genotyping and subsequent prediction of AMR determinants of Vibrio cholerae revealing the potential of contemporary strains to serve as precursors of severe AMR crisis in cholera. METHODS AND RESULTS Genotyping of representative strains, VC1 and VC2 was undertaken to characterize antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) against chloramphenicol, SXT, nalidixic acid and streptomycin against which they were found to be resistant by antibiogram analysis in our previous investigation. strAB, sxt, sul2, qace∆1-sul1 were detected by PCR. Genome annotation and identification of ARGs with WGS helped to detect the presence of almG, varG, strA (APH(3'')-Ib), strB (APH(6)-Id), sul2, catB9, floR, CRP, dfrA1 genes. Signatures of resistance determinants and protein domains involved in antimicrobial resistance, primarily, efflux of antibiotics were identified on the basis of 30-100% homology to reference proteins. These domains were predicted to be involved in other metabolic functions on the basis of 100% identity with 100% coverage with reference protein and nucleotide sequences and were predicted to be of a diverse taxonomic origin accentuating the influence of the microbiota on AMR acquisition. Sequence analysis of QRDR (quinolone resistance-determining region) revealed SNPs. Cytoscape v3.8.2 was employed to analyse protein-protein interaction of MDR proteins, MdtA and EmrD-2, with nodes of vital AMR pathways. Vital nodes involved in efflux of different classes of antibiotics were found to be absent in VC1 and VC2 justifying the sensitivity of these strains to most antibiotics. CONCLUSIONS The study helped to examine the resistome of VC isolated from recent outbreaks to understand the underlying reason of sensitivity to most antibiotics and also to characterize the ARGs in their genome. It revealed that VC is a reservoir of signatures of resistance determinants and serving as precursors for severe AMR crisis in cholera. This is the first study, to our knowledge, which has scrutinized and presented systematically, information on prospective domains which bear the potential of serving as AMR determinants in VC with the help of bioinformatic tools. This pioneering approach may help in the prediction of AMR landfalls and benefit epidemiological surveillance and early warning systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rituparna De
- Division of Bacteriology, National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases (ICMR), Kolkata, India.
| | - Asish K Mukhopadhyay
- Division of Bacteriology, National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases (ICMR), Kolkata, India
| | - Manisha Ghosh
- National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, India
| | - Surajit Basak
- National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, India
| | - Shanta Dutta
- Division of Bacteriology, National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases (ICMR), Kolkata, India
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Smith P, Le Devendec L, Jouy E, Larvor E, Lesne J, Kirschner AKT, Rehm C, Leopold M, Pleininger S, Heger F, Jäckel C, Göllner C, Nekat J, Hammerl JA, Baron S. Epidemiological cut-off values for non-O1/ non-O139 Vibrio cholerae disc diffusion data generated by standardised methods. DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS 2023; 156:115-121. [PMID: 38095366 DOI: 10.3354/dao03766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
This work generates the data needed to set epidemiological cut-off values for disc-diffusion zone measurements of Vibrio cholerae. The susceptibility of 147 European isolates of non-O1/non-O139 V. cholerae to 19 antibiotics was established using a standardised disc diffusion method which specified incubation of Mueller Hinton agar plates at 35°C. Epidemiological cut-off values were calculated by analysis of the zone size data with the statistically based normalised resistance interpretation method. Cut-off values for 17 agents were calculated by analysis of the aggregated data from all 4 laboratories participating in this study. The cut-off values calculated were ≥18 mm for amoxicillin/clavulanate, ≥18 mm for amikacin, ≥19 mm for ampicillin, ≥27 mm for cefepime, ≥31 mm for cefotaxime, ≥24 mm for ceftazidime, ≥24 mm for chloramphenicol, ≥31 mm for ciprofloxacin, ≥16 mm for erythromycin, ≥ 27 mm for florfenicol, ≥16 mm for gentamicin, ≥23 mm for imipenem, ≥25 mm for meropenem, ≥29 mm for nalidixic acid, ≥28 mm for norfloxacin, ≥13 mm for streptomycin and ≥23 mm for tetracycline. For the other 2 agents the data from 1 laboratory was excluded from the censored aggregation because the data from that laboratory was considered excessively imprecise. The cut-off values for these 2 agents calculated for the aggregation of the data from 3 laboratories were ≥23 mm for trimethoprim and ≥24 mm for trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. These zone size data will be submitted to the Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) and European Committee for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) for their consideration in setting international consensus epidemiological cut-off values for non O1/non-O139 V. cholerae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Smith
- School of Natural Science, University of Galway, Galway H91 TK33, Ireland
| | - Laëtitia Le Devendec
- Anses, Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort Laboratory, Mycoplasmology-Bacteriology and Antimicrobial Resistance Unit, 22440 Ploufragan, France
| | - Eric Jouy
- Anses, Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort Laboratory, Mycoplasmology-Bacteriology and Antimicrobial Resistance Unit, 22440 Ploufragan, France
| | - Emeline Larvor
- Anses, Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort Laboratory, Mycoplasmology-Bacteriology and Antimicrobial Resistance Unit, 22440 Ploufragan, France
| | - Jean Lesne
- École des Hautes Études en Sante Publique, Laboratoire d'Étude et de Recherche en Environnent et Sante, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Alexander K T Kirschner
- Institute for Hygiene and Applied Immunology - Water Microbiology, Medical University Vienna, Kinderspitalgasse 15, 1090 Austria
- Division Water Quality & Health, Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, Dr. Karl-Dorrek-Straße 30, 3500 Krems, Austria
- Interuniversity Cooperation Centre Water & Health, www.waterandhealth.at
| | - Carmen Rehm
- Institute for Hygiene and Applied Immunology - Water Microbiology, Medical University Vienna, Kinderspitalgasse 15, 1090 Austria
- Division Water Quality & Health, Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, Dr. Karl-Dorrek-Straße 30, 3500 Krems, Austria
- Interuniversity Cooperation Centre Water & Health, www.waterandhealth.at
| | - Melanie Leopold
- Division Water Quality & Health, Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, Dr. Karl-Dorrek-Straße 30, 3500 Krems, Austria
- Interuniversity Cooperation Centre Water & Health, www.waterandhealth.at
| | - Sonja Pleininger
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety, Austria, Waehringer Strasse 25A, 1094 Vienna, Austria
| | - Florian Heger
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety, Austria, Waehringer Strasse 25A, 1094 Vienna, Austria
| | - Claudia Jäckel
- Consultant Laboratory for Vibrio spp. in Food, Department Biological Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Max-Dohrn Str. 8-10, 1089 Berlin, Germany
| | - Cornelia Göllner
- Consultant Laboratory for Vibrio spp. in Food, Department Biological Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Max-Dohrn Str. 8-10, 1089 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jonas Nekat
- Consultant Laboratory for Vibrio spp. in Food, Department Biological Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Max-Dohrn Str. 8-10, 1089 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jens Andre Hammerl
- Consultant Laboratory for Vibrio spp. in Food, Department Biological Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Max-Dohrn Str. 8-10, 1089 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sandrine Baron
- Anses, Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort Laboratory, Mycoplasmology-Bacteriology and Antimicrobial Resistance Unit, 22440 Ploufragan, France
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Zhang Q, Alter T, Strauch E, Hammerl JA, Schwartz K, Borowiak M, Deneke C, Fleischmann S. Genetic and Phenotypic Virulence Potential of Non-O1/Non-O139 Vibrio cholerae Isolated from German Retail Seafood. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2751. [PMID: 38004762 PMCID: PMC10672755 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11112751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-O1 and non-O139 Vibrio cholerae (NOVC) can cause gastrointestinal infections in humans. Contaminated food, especially seafood, is an important source of human infections. In this study, the virulence potential of 63 NOVC strains isolated from retail seafood were characterized at the genotypic and phenotypic levels. Although no strain encoded the cholera toxin (CTX) and the toxin-coregulated pilus (TCP), several virulence factors, including the HlyA hemolysin, the cholix toxin ChxA, the heat-stable enterotoxin Stn, and genes coding for the type 3 and type 6 secretion systems, were detected. All strains showed hemolytic activity against human and sheep erythrocytes: 90% (n = 57) formed a strong biofilm, 52% (n = 33) were highly motile at 37 °C, and only 8% (n = 5) and 14% (n = 9) could resist ≥60% and ≥40% human serum, respectively. Biofilm formation and toxin regulation genes were also detected. cgMLST analysis demonstrated that NOVC strains from seafood cluster with clinical NOVC strains. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) results in the identification of five strains that developed non-wildtype phenotypes (medium and resistant) against the substances of the classes of beta-lactams (including penicillin, carbapenem, and cephalosporin), polymyxins, and sulphonamides. The phenotypic resistance pattern could be partially attributed to the acquired resistance determinants identified via in silico analysis. Our results showed differences in the virulence potential of the analyzed NOVC isolated from retail seafood products, which may be considered for further pathogenicity evaluation and the risk assessment of NOVC isolates in future seafood monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quantao Zhang
- Institute of Food Safety and Food Hygiene, School of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Königsweg 69, 14163 Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Alter
- Institute of Food Safety and Food Hygiene, School of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Königsweg 69, 14163 Berlin, Germany
| | - Eckhard Strauch
- Department Biological Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Diedersdorfer Weg 1, 12277 Berlin, Germany; (E.S.); (J.A.H.)
| | - Jens Andre Hammerl
- Department Biological Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Diedersdorfer Weg 1, 12277 Berlin, Germany; (E.S.); (J.A.H.)
| | - Keike Schwartz
- Department Biological Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Diedersdorfer Weg 1, 12277 Berlin, Germany; (E.S.); (J.A.H.)
| | - Maria Borowiak
- Department Biological Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Diedersdorfer Weg 1, 12277 Berlin, Germany; (E.S.); (J.A.H.)
| | - Carlus Deneke
- Department Biological Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Diedersdorfer Weg 1, 12277 Berlin, Germany; (E.S.); (J.A.H.)
| | - Susanne Fleischmann
- Institute of Food Safety and Food Hygiene, School of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Königsweg 69, 14163 Berlin, Germany
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Abdulaziz A, Vikraman HK, Raj D, Menon N, George G, Soman R, Mony DP, Mary A, Krishna K, Raju GKT, Kuttan SP, Tharakan B, Chekidhenkuzhiyil J, Platt T, Sathyendranath S. Distribution and antibiotic resistance of vibrio population in an urbanized tropical lake-the Vembanad-in the southwest coast of India. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:116066-116077. [PMID: 37906329 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-30565-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Among the diverse Vibrio spp. autochthonous to coastal ecosystems, V. cholerae, V. fluvialis, V. vulnificus and V. parahaemolyticus are pathogenic to humans. Increasing sea-surface temperature, sea-level rise and water-related disasters associated with climate change have been shown to influence the proliferation of these bacteria and change their geographic distribution. We investigated the spatio-temporal distribution of Vibrio spp. in a tropical lake for 1 year at a 20-day interval. The abundance of Vibrio spp. was much higher during the south-west monsoon in 2018, when the lake experienced a once-in-a-century flood. The distribution of Vibrio spp. was influenced by salinity (r = 0.3, p < 0.001), phosphate (r = 0.18, p < 0.01) and nitrite (r = 0.16, p < 0.02) in the water. We isolated 470 colonies of Vibrio-like organisms and 341 could be revived further and identified using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Functional annotations showed that all the 16 Vibrio spp. found in the lake could grow in association with animals. More than 60% of the isolates had multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) index greater than 0.5. All isolates were resistant to erythromycin and cefepime. The proliferation of multiple antibiotic-resistant Vibrio spp. is a threat to human health. Our observations suggest that the presence of a diverse range of Vibrio spp. is favoured by the low-saline conditions brought about by heavy precipitation. Furthermore, infections caused by contact with Vibrio-contaminated waters may be difficult to cure due to their multiple antibiotic resistances. Therefore, continuous monitoring of bacterial pollution in the lakes is essential, as is the generation of risk maps of vibrio-infested waters to avoid public contact with contaminated waters and associated disease outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anas Abdulaziz
- CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Regional Centre Kochi, Kochi, 682018, India.
| | | | - Devika Raj
- CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Regional Centre Kochi, Kochi, 682018, India
| | - Nandini Menon
- Nansen Environmental Research Centre India, KUFOS Amenity Centre, Kochi, 682506, India
- Trevor Platt Science Foundation, Kochi, 682018, India
| | - Grinson George
- ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Kochi, 682018, India
| | - Reshma Soman
- CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Regional Centre Kochi, Kochi, 682018, India
| | | | - Ann Mary
- CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Regional Centre Kochi, Kochi, 682018, India
| | - Kiran Krishna
- CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Regional Centre Kochi, Kochi, 682018, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | | | | | - Balu Tharakan
- CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Regional Centre Kochi, Kochi, 682018, India
| | - Jasmin Chekidhenkuzhiyil
- CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Regional Centre Kochi, Kochi, 682018, India
- Trevor Platt Science Foundation, Kochi, 682018, India
| | - Trevor Platt
- Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Plymouth, PL1 3DH, Devon, UK
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Rehm C, Kolm C, Pleininger S, Heger F, Indra A, Reischer GH, Farnleitner AAH, Kirschner AKT. Vibrio cholerae-An emerging pathogen in Austrian bathing waters? Wien Klin Wochenschr 2023; 135:597-608. [PMID: 37530997 PMCID: PMC10651712 DOI: 10.1007/s00508-023-02241-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
Vibrio cholerae, an important human pathogen, is naturally occurring in specific aquatic ecosystems. With very few exceptions, only the cholera-toxigenic strains belonging to the serogroups O1 and O139 are responsible for severe cholera outbreaks with epidemic or pandemic potential. All other nontoxigenic, non-O1/non-O139 V. cholerae (NTVC) strains may cause various other diseases, such as mild to severe infections of the ears, of the gastrointestinal and urinary tracts as well as wound and bloodstream infections. Older, immunocompromised people and patients with specific preconditions have an elevated risk. In recent years, worldwide reports demonstrated that NTVC infections are on the rise, caused amongst others by elevated water temperatures due to global warming.The aim of this review is to summarize the knowledge gained during the past two decades on V. cholerae infections and its occurrence in bathing waters in Austria, with a special focus on the lake Neusiedler See. We investigated whether NTVC infections have increased and which specific environmental conditions favor the occurrence of NTVC. We present an overview of state of the art methods that are currently available for clinical and environmental diagnostics. A preliminary public health risk assessment concerning NTVC infections related to the Neusiedler See was established. In order to raise awareness of healthcare professionals for NTVC infections, typical symptoms, possible treatment options and the antibiotic resistance status of Austrian NTVC isolates are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Rehm
- Division Water Quality and Health, Karl-Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, Krems, Austria
- Institute for Hygiene and Applied Immunology - Water Microbiology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Interuniversity Cooperation Centre Water & Health
| | - Claudia Kolm
- Division Water Quality and Health, Karl-Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, Krems, Austria
- Interuniversity Cooperation Centre Water & Health
- Institute for Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, Research Group Microbiology and Molecular Diagnostics 166/5/3, Technische Universität Wien, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sonja Pleininger
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, National Reference Centre for Vibrio cholerae, Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety (AGES), Vienna, Austria
| | - Florian Heger
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, National Reference Centre for Vibrio cholerae, Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety (AGES), Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexander Indra
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, National Reference Centre for Vibrio cholerae, Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety (AGES), Vienna, Austria
- Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Georg H Reischer
- Interuniversity Cooperation Centre Water & Health
- Institute for Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, Research Group Microbiology and Molecular Diagnostics 166/5/3, Technische Universität Wien, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas A H Farnleitner
- Division Water Quality and Health, Karl-Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, Krems, Austria
- Interuniversity Cooperation Centre Water & Health
- Institute for Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, Research Group Microbiology and Molecular Diagnostics 166/5/3, Technische Universität Wien, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexander K T Kirschner
- Division Water Quality and Health, Karl-Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, Krems, Austria.
- Institute for Hygiene and Applied Immunology - Water Microbiology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
- Interuniversity Cooperation Centre Water & Health, .
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9
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Wu F, Zhang T, Wu Q, Li X, Zhang M, Luo X, Zhang Y, Lu R. Complete genome sequence and comparative analysis of a Vibrio vulnificus strain isolated from a clinical patient. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1240835. [PMID: 38029170 PMCID: PMC10644004 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1240835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Vibrio vulnificus is an opportunistic, global pathogen that naturally inhabits sea water and is responsible for most vibriosis-related deaths. We investigated the genetic characteristics of V. vulnificus isolated from the clinical blood culture specimen of a patient with hepatitis B virus cirrhosis in 2018 (named as V. vulnificus VV2018) by whole genome sequencing (WGS). VV2018 belonged to a novel sequencing type 620 (ST620) and comprised two circular chromosomes, containing 4,389 potential coding sequences (CDSs) and 152 RNA genes. The phylogenetic tree of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) using 26 representative genomes revealed that VV2108 grouped with two other V. vulnificus strains isolated from humans. The pan-genome of V. vulnificus was constructed using 26 representative genomes to elucidate their genetic diversity, evolutionary characteristics, and virulence and antibiotic resistance profiles. The pan-genome analysis revealed that VV2018 shared a total of 3,016 core genes (≥99% presence), including 115 core virulence factors (VFs) and 5 core antibiotic resistance-related genes, and 309 soft core genes (≥95 and <99% presence) with 25 other V. vulnificus strains. The varG gene might account for the cefazolin resistance, and comparative analysis of the genetic context of varG revealed that two genes upstream and downstream of varG were conserved. The glycosylation (pgl) like genes were found in VV2018 compared with Pgl-related proteins in Neisseria that might affect the adherence of the strain in hosts. The comparative analysis of VV2018 would contribute to a better understanding of the virulence and antibiotic resistance profiles of V. vulnificus. Meanwhile much work remains to be done to better understand the function of pgl-like genes in V. vulnificus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Wu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nantong Third People’s Hospital, Affiliated Nantong Hospital 3 of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Tingting Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nantong Third People’s Hospital, Affiliated Nantong Hospital 3 of Nantong University, Nantong, China
- School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qimin Wu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nantong Third People’s Hospital, Affiliated Nantong Hospital 3 of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Xue Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nantong Third People’s Hospital, Affiliated Nantong Hospital 3 of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Miaomiao Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nantong Third People’s Hospital, Affiliated Nantong Hospital 3 of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Xi Luo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nantong Third People’s Hospital, Affiliated Nantong Hospital 3 of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Yiquan Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nantong Third People’s Hospital, Affiliated Nantong Hospital 3 of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Renfei Lu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nantong Third People’s Hospital, Affiliated Nantong Hospital 3 of Nantong University, Nantong, China
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Abioye OE, Nontongana N, Osunla CA, Okoh AI. Antibiotic resistance and virulence genes profiling of Vibrio cholerae and Vibrio mimicus isolates from some seafood collected at the aquatic environment and wet markets in Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0290356. [PMID: 37616193 PMCID: PMC10449182 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0290356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The current study determines the density of Vibrio spp. and isolates V. cholerae and Vibrio mimicus from fish-anatomical-sites, prawn, crab and mussel samples recovered from fish markets, freshwater and brackish water. Virulence and antibiotic resistance profiling of isolates were carried out using standard molecular and microbiology techniques. Vibrio spp. was detected in more than 90% of samples [134/144] and its density was significantly more in fish than in other samples. Vibrio. cholerae and V. mimicus were isolated in at least one sample of each sample type with higher isolation frequency in fish samples. All the V. cholerae isolates belong to non-O1/non-O139 serogroup. One or more V. cholerae isolates exhibited intermediate or resistance against each of the eighteen panels of antibiotics used but 100% of the V. mimicus were susceptible to amikacin, gentamycin and chloramphenicol. Vibrio cholerae exhibited relatively high resistance against polymyxin, ampicillin and amoxicillin/clavulanate while V. mimicus isolates exhibited relatively high resistance against nitrofurantoin, ampicillin and polymixin. The multiple-antibiotic-resistance-index [MARI] for isolates ranges between 0 and 0.67 and 48% of the isolates have MARI that is >0.2 while 55% of the isolates exhibit MultiDrug Resistance Phenotypes. The percentage detection of acc, ant, drf18, sul1, mcr-1, blasvh, blaoxa, blatem, blaoxa48, gyrA, gyrB and parC resistance-associated genes were 2%, 9%, 14%, 7%, 2%, 25%, 7%, 2%, 2%, 32%, 25% and 27% respectively while that for virulence-associated genes in increasing other was ace [2%], tcp [11%], vpi [16%], ompU [34%], toxR [43%], rtxC [70%], rtxA [73%] and hyla [77%]. The study confirmed the potential of environmental non-O1/non-O139 V. cholerae and V. mimicus to cause cholera-like infection and other vibriosis which could be difficult to manage with commonly recommended antibiotics. Thus, regular monitoring of the environment to create necessary awareness for this kind of pathogens is important in the interest of public health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nolonwabo Nontongana
- SAMRC Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare, Alice, South Africa
| | - Charles A. Osunla
- Department of Microbiology, Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba Akoko, Nigeria
| | - Anthony I. Okoh
- SAMRC Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare, Alice, South Africa
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11
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Tang J, Li S, Zhang M, Li F, Tang Y, Yang F. Whole Genome Analysis of a Non-O1, Non-O139 Vibrio cholerae Detected from Human Blood in China. Infect Drug Resist 2023; 16:5453-5461. [PMID: 37638066 PMCID: PMC10454767 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s420095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-O1, non-O139 Vibrio cholerae (NOVC) can cause cholera-like diarrhea, but it rarely causes extraintestinal infection, so it is easily overlooked. In this report, we present a case of NOVC detected through blood culture in a 58-year-old male patient with cirrhosis, resulting in severe infection. The patient had been diagnosed with cirrhosis seven years prior and was admitted to the hospital due to abdominal distension and gastrointestinal bleeding. Gram-negative bacilli were isolated from blood cultures and identified as V. cholerae using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) and average nucleotide identity (ANI). Moreover, the serum agglutination test showed that the strain was non-O1/non-O139. Further whole genome sequencing and analysis of the strain showed that the strain mainly carried virulence genes tox R, RTX, hly A, T3SS/T6SS, but no resistant genes such as sulII, dfrA1, strB were detected. It provides information for the study of the pathogenic mechanism and drug resistance mechanism of V. cholerae. The patient had severe symptoms and a poor prognosis, indicating that although the NOVC strain infected in this patient had few virulence genes, it was not weak in pathogenicity. It may be caused by the effect of some virulence genes, which should be paid attention to.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinrong Tang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Mianyang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine/Mianyang Hospital Affiliated to Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Mianyang, Sichuan, 621000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Sheng Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Mianyang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine/Mianyang Hospital Affiliated to Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Mianyang, Sichuan, 621000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Manli Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Mianyang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine/Mianyang Hospital Affiliated to Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Mianyang, Sichuan, 621000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fengzhi Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Mianyang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine/Mianyang Hospital Affiliated to Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Mianyang, Sichuan, 621000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying Tang
- Youxian District Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Mianyang City, Mianyang, Sichuan, 621000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fangfang Yang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Third Hospital of Mianyang (Sichuan Mental Health Center), Mianyang, Sichuan, 621000, People’s Republic of China
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12
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Russini V, Giancola ML, Brunetti G, Calbi C, Anzivino E, Nisii C, Scaramella L, Dionisi AM, Faraglia F, Selleri M, Villa L, Lovari S, De Marchis ML, Bossù T, Vairo F, Pagnanelli A, Nicastri E. A Cholera Case Imported from Bangladesh to Italy: Clinico-Epidemiological Management and Molecular Characterization in a Non-Endemic Country. Trop Med Infect Dis 2023; 8:tropicalmed8050266. [PMID: 37235314 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed8050266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the number of cholera outbreaks reported worldwide, only a few cases are recorded among returning European travellers. We describe the case of a 41-year-old male, returning to Italy after a stay in Bangladesh, his origin country, who presented with watery diarrhoea. Vibrio cholerae and norovirus were detected in the patient's stools via multiplex PCR methods. Direct microscopy, Gram staining, culture and antibiotic susceptibility tests were performed. The isolates were tested using end-point PCR for the detection of potentially enteropathogenic V. cholera. Serotype and cholera toxins identification were carried out. Whole genome sequencing and bioinformatics analysis were performed, and antimicrobial resistance genes identified. A phylogenetic tree with the most similar genomes of databases previously described was built. Sample of the food brought back by the patient were also collected and analysed. The patient was diagnosed with V. cholerae O1, serotype Inaba, norovirus and SARS-CoV-2 concomitant infection. The isolated V. cholerae strain was found to belong to ST69, encoding for cholera toxin, ctxB7 type and was phylogenetically related to the 2018 outbreak in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Adopting a multidisciplinary approach in a cholera non-endemic country ensured rapid and accurate diagnosis, timely clinical management, and epidemiological investigation at national and international level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Russini
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Lazio e della Toscana "M. Aleandri"-Sezione di Roma, 00178 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Letizia Giancola
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases (INMI) "Lazzaro Spallanzani", IRCCS, 00149 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Carmela Calbi
- Policlinico Casilino General Hospital, 00169 Rome, Italy
| | - Elena Anzivino
- Policlinico Casilino General Hospital, 00169 Rome, Italy
| | - Carla Nisii
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases (INMI) "Lazzaro Spallanzani", IRCCS, 00149 Rome, Italy
| | - Lucia Scaramella
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Lazio e della Toscana "M. Aleandri"-Sezione di Roma, 00178 Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Dionisi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Faraglia
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases (INMI) "Lazzaro Spallanzani", IRCCS, 00149 Rome, Italy
| | - Marina Selleri
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases (INMI) "Lazzaro Spallanzani", IRCCS, 00149 Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Villa
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Sarah Lovari
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Lazio e della Toscana "M. Aleandri"-Sezione di Roma, 00178 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Laura De Marchis
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Lazio e della Toscana "M. Aleandri"-Sezione di Roma, 00178 Rome, Italy
| | - Teresa Bossù
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Lazio e della Toscana "M. Aleandri"-Sezione di Roma, 00178 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Vairo
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases (INMI) "Lazzaro Spallanzani", IRCCS, 00149 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Emanuele Nicastri
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases (INMI) "Lazzaro Spallanzani", IRCCS, 00149 Rome, Italy
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13
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Hao T, Zheng W, Wu Y, Yu H, Qian X, Yang C, Zheng Z, Zhang X, Guo Y, Cui M, Wang H, Pan J, Cui Y. Population genomics implies potential public health risk of two non-toxigenic Vibrio cholerae lineages. INFECTION, GENETICS AND EVOLUTION : JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY AND EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2023; 112:105441. [PMID: 37146742 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2023.105441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Diarrheal cases caused by non-toxigenic Vibrio cholerae have been reported globally. Lineages L3b and L9, characterized as ctxAB-negative and tcpA-positive (CNTP), pose the highest risk and have caused long-term epidemics in different regions worldwide. From 2001 to 2018, two waves (2001-2012 and 2013-2018) of epidemic caused by non-toxigenic V. cholerae occurred in the developed city of Hangzhou, China. In this study, through the integrated analysis of 207 genomes of Hangzhou isolates from these two waves (119 and 88) and 1573 publicly available genomes, we showed that L3b and L9 lineages together caused the second wave as had happened in the first wave, but the dominant lineage shifted from L3b (first wave: 69%) to L9 (second wave: 50%). We further found that the genotype of a key virulence gene, tcpF, in the L9 lineage during the second wave shifted to type I, which may have enhanced bacterial colonization in humans and potentially promoted the pathogenic lineage shift. Moreover, we found that 21% of L3b and L9 isolates had changed to predicted cholera toxin producers, providing evidence that gain of complete CTXφ-carrying ctxAB genes, rather than ctxAB gain in pre-CTXφ-carrying isolates, led to the transition. Taken together, our findings highlight the possible public health risk associated with L3b and L9 lineages due to their potential to cause long-term epidemics and turn into high-virulent cholera toxin producers, which necessitates a more comprehensive and unbiased sampling in further disease control efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongyu Hao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China; Microbiology Laboratory, Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Zheng
- Microbiology Laboratory, Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yarong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Hua Yu
- Microbiology Laboratory, Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xiuwei Qian
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China; State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Yang
- The Center for Microbes, Development and Health, Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Zhibei Zheng
- Microbiology Laboratory, Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xianglilan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Mengnan Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Haoqiu Wang
- Microbiology Laboratory, Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.
| | - Jingcao Pan
- Microbiology Laboratory, Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.
| | - Yujun Cui
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China; State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China.
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14
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Bhandari M, Rathnayake IU, Huygens F, Jennison AV. Clinical and Environmental Vibrio cholerae Non-O1, Non-O139 Strains from Australia Have Similar Virulence and Antimicrobial Resistance Gene Profiles. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0263122. [PMID: 36688638 PMCID: PMC9927259 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02631-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Cholera caused by pathogenic Vibrio cholerae is still considered one of the major health problems in developing countries including those in Asia and Africa. Australia is known to have unique V. cholerae strains in Queensland waterways, resulting in sporadic cholera-like disease being reported in Queensland each year. We conducted virulence and antimicrobial genetic characterization of O1 and non-O1, non-O139 V. cholerae (NOVC) strains (1983 to 2020) from Queensland with clinical significance and compared these to environmental strains that were collected as part of a V. cholerae monitoring project in 2012 of Queensland waterways. In this study, 87 V. cholerae strains were analyzed where O1 (n = 5) and NOVC (n = 54) strains from Queensland and international travel-associated NOVC (n = 2) (61 in total) strains were sequenced, characterized, and compared with seven previously sequenced O1 strains and 18 other publicly available NOVC strains from Australia and overseas to visualize the genetic context among them. Of the 61 strains, three clinical and environmental NOVC serogroup strains had cholera toxin-producing genes, namely, the CTX phage (identified in previous outbreaks) and the complete Vibrio pathogenicity island 1. Phylogenetic analysis based on core genome analysis showed more than 10 distinct clusters and interrelatedness between clinical and environmental V. cholerae strains from Australia. Moreover, 30 (55%) NOVC strains had the cholix toxin gene (chxA) while only 11 (20%) strains had the mshA gene. In addition, 18 (34%) NOVC strains from Australia had the type three secretion system and discrete expression of type six secretion system genes. Interestingly, four NOVC strains from Australia and one NOVC strain from Indonesia had intSXT, a mobile genetic element. Several strains were found to have beta-lactamase (blaCARB-9) and chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (catB9) genes. Our study suggests that Queensland waterways can harbor highly divergent V. cholerae strains and serve as a reservoir for various V. cholerae-associated virulence genes which could be shared among O1 and NOVC V. cholerae strains via mobile genetic elements or horizontal gene transfer. IMPORTANCE Australia has its own V. cholerae strains, both toxigenic and nontoxigenic, that are associated with cholera disease. This study aimed to characterize a collection of clinical and environmental NOVC strains from Australia to understand their virulence and antimicrobial resistance profile and to place strains from Australia in the genetic context of international strains. The findings from this study suggest the toxigenic V. cholerae strains in the Queensland River water system are of public health concern. Therefore, ongoing monitoring and genomic characterization of V. cholerae strains from the Queensland environment are important and would assist public health departments to track the source of cholera infection early and implement prevention strategies for future outbreaks. Understanding the genomics of V. cholerae could also inform the natural ecology and evolution of this bacterium in natural environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murari Bhandari
- Centre for Immunology and Infection Control, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Public Health Microbiology, Forensic and Scientific Services, Queensland Department of Health, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Irani U. Rathnayake
- Public Health Microbiology, Forensic and Scientific Services, Queensland Department of Health, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Flavia Huygens
- Centre for Immunology and Infection Control, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Amy V. Jennison
- Public Health Microbiology, Forensic and Scientific Services, Queensland Department of Health, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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Kumarage PM, De Silva LADS, Heo GJ. Aquatic environments: A Potential Source of Antimicrobial-Resistant Vibrio spp. J Appl Microbiol 2022; 133:2267-2279. [PMID: 35797342 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Vibrio spp. are associated with water and seafood-related outbreaks worldwide. They are naturally present in aquatic environments such as seawater, brackish water and freshwater environments. These aquatic environments serve as the main reservoirs of antimicrobial-resistant genes and promote the transfer of antimicrobial-resistant bacterial species to aquatic animals and humans through the aquatic food chain. Vibrio spp. are known as etiological agents of cholera and non-cholera Vibrio infections in humans and animals. Antimicrobial-resistant Vibrio species have become a huge threat in regard to treating Vibrio infections in aquaculture and public health. Most of the Vibrio spp. possess resistance towards the commonly used antimicrobials, including β-lactams, aminoglycosides, tetracyclines, sulfonamides, quinolones and macrolides. The aim of this review is to summarize the antimicrobial resistance properties of Vibrio spp. isolated from aquatic environments to provide awareness about potential health risks related to Vibrio infections in aquaculture and public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- P M Kumarage
- Veterinary Medical Center and College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - L A D S De Silva
- Veterinary Medical Center and College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Gang-Joon Heo
- Veterinary Medical Center and College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
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16
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Systematic review and meta-analysis of environmental Vibrio species - antibiotic resistance. Heliyon 2022; 8:e08845. [PMID: 35265752 PMCID: PMC8899705 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e08845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Adequate comprehension of the genomics of microbial resistance to an antimicrobial agent will advance knowledge on the management of associated pathologies and public health safety. However, continued emergences and reemergence of pathogens, including Vibrio species, hallmarks a potential knowledge gap. A clear understanding of the process and forecast of the next trend should be in place to nip in the bud, microbial acquisition of resistance to antibiotics. Therefore, this two-decade (1 January 2000 to 31 December 2019) systematic review and meta-analytical study articulated the prevalence and incidence of antibiotics resistance genes in Vibrio species isolated from environmental samples. Articles from the Web of Science and PubMed electronic databases was engaged. Heterogeneity of the data and bias were analyzed with random effect model meta-analysis and funnel plot. A total of 1920 Vibrio sp. were reported by the ten selected articles included in this study; out of which 32.39% of identified isolates displayed antimicrobial resistance and associated genes. The distribution of antibiotics resistance genes in Vibrio sp., reported within six countries was 21% tetracycline (tet), and 20% sulphonamide (sul) and β-lactamase (bla) respectively. The quinolone, tetracycline and sulfonamide resistance genes showed 32.97% (95% CI 0.18–0.53) prevalence while chloramphenicol, macrolides and aminoglycoside resistance genes are expressed in percentages as 28.67% (95% CI 0.15–0.47) and β-lactamase resistance genes 27.93% (95% CI 0.11–0.56) respectively. The Vibrio antibiotics resistance genes (V-ARG) distribution depicts no regular trend or pattern from the analyzed data. Consequently, more studies would be required to articulate the structure of cohesion in the distribution of the resistance determinants in microbes.
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Comparative Genomics of Clinical and Environmental Isolates of Vibrio spp. of Colombia: Implications of Traits Associated with Virulence and Resistance. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10121605. [PMID: 34959560 PMCID: PMC8706872 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10121605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
There is widespread concern about the increase in cases of human and animal infections caused by pathogenic Vibrio species due to the emergence of epidemic lineages. In Colombia, active surveillance by the National Institute of Health (INS) has confirmed the presence of Vibrio; however, in routine surveillance, these isolates are not genomically characterized. This study focused on the pangenome analysis of six Vibrio species: V. parahaemolyticus, V. vulnificus, V. alginolyticus, V. fluvialis, V. diabolicus and V. furnissii to determine the genetic architectures of potentially virulent and antimicrobial resistance traits. Isolates from environmental and clinical samples were genome sequenced, assembled and annotated. The most important species in public health were further characterized by multilocus sequence typing and phylogenomics. For V. parahaemolyticus, we found the virulent ST3 and ST120 genotypes. For V. vulnificus, we identified isolates belonging to lineages 1 and 2. Virulence gene homologues between species were found even in non-pathogenic species such as V. diabolicus. Annotations related to the mobilome, integrative mobile and conjugative elements and resistance genes were obtained from environmental and clinical isolates. This study contributes genomic information to the intensified surveillance program implemented by the INS to establish potential sources of vibriosis in Colombia.
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Adesiyan IM, Bisi-Johnson MA, Ogunfowokan AO, Okoh AI. Occurrence and antibiogram signatures of some Vibrio species recovered from selected rivers in South West Nigeria. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:42458-42476. [PMID: 33813704 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-13603-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Vibrio species, widely distributed in water environments, has emerged as a prominent cause of water and food-related disease outbreaks posing significant risk to human and animal health worldwide. About 40% of presumptive isolates recovered from four selected rivers in Southwest Nigeria and, established as Vibrio species genus through polymerase chain reaction techniques., were subjected to antibiotic susceptibility testing against a panel of 18 commonly used antibiotics. The relative prevalence of key Vibrio species (V. parahaemolyticus, V. vulnificus, V. mimicus, V. harveyi, and V. cholerae) was in the order 17%, 13.3%, 4.4%, 2.2%, and 2.2% respectively. Antibiotic resistance by all Vibrio species was mostly observed against doxycycline (71-89%), erythromycin (86-100%), tetracycline (71-89%), rifampicin (86-100%), and sulfamethoxazole (87-100%), though susceptibility to meropenem (86-100%), cephalothin (60-100%), norfloxacin (93-100%), ciprofloxacin (88-100%), amikacin (64-100%), gentamicin (57-74%), and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (57-81%) was equally observed in all species. Vibrio mimicus expressed highest resistance against streptomycin and chloramphenicol (64%), while V. vulnificus (52%) and V. cholerae (57%) had the highest resistance against cephalothin. High resistance against ampicillin (57%) and amoxicillin (50%) was exhibited by V. cholerae and V. mimicus respectively. Indexes of multiple antibiotic resistances (MARI) among Vibrio species ranged between 0.11 and 0.72 with the highest MAR index of 0.72 observed in one isolate of V. vulnificus. This study reveals high prevalence of Vibrio species in the selected rivers as well as elevated resistance against some first-line antibiotics, which suggests possible inappropriate antimicrobial usage around study communities. We conclude that the freshwater resources investigated are unfit for domestic, industrial, and recreational uses without treatment prior to use and are potential reservoirs of antibiotic-resistant Vibrio species in this environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibukun M Adesiyan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Achievers University, Owo, Ondo State, Nigeria.
- Institute of Ecology and Environmental Studies, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile Ife, Osun-State, 220005, Nigeria.
- SAMRC Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare, Alice, South Africa.
| | | | - Aderemi O Ogunfowokan
- Department of Industrial Chemistry, The Technical University, Ibadan,, Oyo State, Nigeria
- Department of Chemistry, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile Ife, Nigeria
| | - Anthony I Okoh
- SAMRC Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare, Alice, South Africa
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences College of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
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Luo Y, Wang H, Liang J, Qian H, Ye J, Chen L, Yang X, Chen Z, Wang F, Octavia S, Payne M, Song X, Jiang J, Jin D, Lan R. Population Structure and Multidrug Resistance of Non-O1/Non-O139 Vibrio cholerae in Freshwater Rivers in Zhejiang, China. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2021; 82:319-333. [PMID: 33410933 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-020-01645-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
To understand the environmental reservoirs of Vibrio cholerae and their public health significance, we surveyed freshwater samples from rivers in two cities (Jiaxing [JX] and Jiande [JD]) in Zhejiang, China. A total of 26 sampling locations were selected, and river water was sampled 456 times from 2015 to 2016 yielding 200 V. cholerae isolates, all of which were non-O1/non-O139. The average isolation rate was 47.3% and 39.1% in JX and JD, respectively. Antibiotic resistance profiles of the V. cholerae isolates were examined with nonsusceptibility to cefazolin (68.70%, 79/115) being most common, followed by ampicillin (47.83%, 55/115) and imipenem (27.83%, 32/115). Forty-two isolates (36.52%, 42/115) were defined as multidrug resistant (MDR). The presence of virulence genes was also determined, and the majority of the isolates were positive for toxR (198/200, 99%) and hlyA (196/200, 98%) with few other virulence genes observed. The population structure of the V. cholerae non-O1/non-O139 sampled was examined using multilocus sequence typing (MLST) with 200 isolates assigned to 128 STs and 6 subpopulations. The non-O1/non-O139 V. cholerae population in JX was more varied than in JD. By clonal complexes (CCs), 31 CCs that contained isolates from this study were shared with other parts of China and/or other countries, suggesting widespread presence of some non-O1/non-O139 clones. Drug resistance profiles differed between subpopulations. The findings suggest that non-O1/non-O139 V. cholerae in the freshwater environment is a potential source of human infections. Routine surveillance of non-O1/non-O139 V. cholerae in freshwater rivers will be of importance to public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Luo
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, 310052, Zhejiang, China
| | - Henghui Wang
- Jiaxing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jiaxing, 314050, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jie Liang
- Jiande Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, 311600, Zhejiang, China
| | - Huiqin Qian
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, 310052, Zhejiang, China
| | - Julian Ye
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, 310052, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lixia Chen
- Jiaxing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jiaxing, 314050, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xianqing Yang
- Jiande Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, 311600, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhongwen Chen
- Jiaxing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jiaxing, 314050, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Jiande Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, 311600, Zhejiang, China
| | - Sophie Octavia
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Michael Payne
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Xiaojun Song
- Centre of Laboratory Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310014, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jianmin Jiang
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, 310052, Zhejiang, China
| | - Dazhi Jin
- Centre of Laboratory Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310014, Zhejiang, China
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ruiting Lan
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia.
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De R. Mobile Genetic Elements of Vibrio cholerae and the Evolution of Its Antimicrobial Resistance. FRONTIERS IN TROPICAL DISEASES 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fitd.2021.691604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Vibrio cholerae (VC) is the causative agent of the severe dehydrating diarrheal disease cholera. The primary treatment for cholera is oral rehydration therapy (ORT). However, in case of moderate to severe dehydration, antibiotics are administered to reduce morbidity. Due to the emergence of multidrug resistant (MDR) strains of VC routinely used antibiotics fail to be effective in cholera patients. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is encoded in the genome of bacteria and is usually acquired from other organisms cohabiting in the environment or in the gut with which it interacts in the gut or environmental niche. The antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) are usually borne on mobile genetic elements (MGEs) like plasmids, transposons, integrons and SXT constin. Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) helps in the exchange of ARGs among bacteria leading to dissemination of AMR. In VC the acquisition and loss of AMR to many antibiotics have been found to be a dynamic process. This review describes the different AMR determinants and mechanisms of resistance that have been discovered in VC. These ARGs borne usually on MGEs have been recovered from isolates associated with past and present epidemics worldwide. These are responsible for resistance of VC to common antibiotics and are periodically lost and gained contributing to its genetic evolution. These resistance markers can be routinely used for AMR surveillance in VC. The review also presents a precise perspective on the importance of the gut microbiome in the emergence of MDR VC and concludes that the gut microbiome is a potential source of molecular markers and networks which can be manipulated for the interception of AMR in the future.
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Dutta D, Kaushik A, Kumar D, Bag S. Foodborne Pathogenic Vibrios: Antimicrobial Resistance. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:638331. [PMID: 34276582 PMCID: PMC8278402 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.638331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Foodborne illness caused by pathogenic Vibrios is generally associated with the consumption of raw or undercooked seafood. Fish and other seafood can be contaminated with Vibrio species, natural inhabitants of the marine, estuarine, and freshwater environment. Pathogenic Vibrios of major public health concerns are Vibrio cholerae, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, and Vibrio vulnificus. Common symptoms of foodborne Vibrio infection include watery diarrhea, stomach cramping, nausea, vomiting, fever, and chills. Administration of oral or intravenous rehydration salts solution is the mainstay for the management of cholera, and antibiotics are also used to shorten the duration of diarrhea and to limit further transmission of the disease. Currently, doxycycline, azithromycin, or ciprofloxacin are commonly used for V. cholerae, and doxycycline or quinolone are administered for V. parahaemolyticus, whereas doxycycline and a third-generation cephalosporin are recommended for V. vulnificus as initial treatment regimen. The emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in Vibrios is increasingly common across the globe and a decrease in the effectiveness of commonly available antibiotics poses a global threat to public health. Recent progress in comparative genomic studies suggests that the genomes of the drug-resistant Vibrios harbor mobile genetic elements like plasmids, integrating conjugative elements, superintegron, transposable elements, and insertion sequences, which are the major carriers of genetic determinants encoding antimicrobial resistance. These mobile genetic elements are highly dynamic and could potentially propagate to other bacteria through horizontal gene transfer (HGT). To combat the serious threat of rising AMR, it is crucial to develop strategies for robust surveillance, use of new/novel pharmaceuticals, and prevention of antibiotic misuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipanjan Dutta
- Department of Biochemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Anupam Kaushik
- Department of Microbiology, National Centre for Disease Control, New Delhi, India
| | - Dhirendra Kumar
- Department of Microbiology, National Centre for Disease Control, New Delhi, India
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First Experimental Evidence for the Presence of Potentially Toxic Vibrio cholerae in Snails, and Virulence, Cross-Resistance and Genetic Diversity of the Bacterium in 36 Species of Aquatic Food Animals. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10040412. [PMID: 33918855 PMCID: PMC8069825 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10040412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Vibrio cholerae is the most common waterborne pathogen that can cause pandemic cholera in humans. Continuous monitoring of V. cholerae contamination in aquatic products is crucial for assuring food safety. In this study, we determined the virulence, cross-resistance between antibiotics and heavy metals, and genetic diversity of V. cholerae isolates from 36 species of aquatic food animals, nearly two-thirds of which have not been previously detected. None of the V. cholerae isolates (n = 203) harbored the cholera toxin genes ctxAB (0.0%). However, isolates carrying virulence genes tcpA (0.98%), ace (0.5%), and zot (0.5%) were discovered, which originated from the snail Cipangopaludina chinensis. High occurrences were observed for virulence-associated genes, including hapA (73.4%), rtxCABD (68.0–41.9%), tlh (54.2%), and hlyA (37.9%). Resistance to moxfloxacin (74.9%) was most predominant resistance among the isolates, followed by ampicillin (59.1%) and rifampicin (32.5%). Approximately 58.6% of the isolates displayed multidrug resistant phenotypes. Meanwhile, high percentages of the isolates tolerated the heavy metals Hg2+ (67.0%), Pb2+ (57.6%), and Zn2+ (57.6%). Distinct virulence and cross-resistance profiles were discovered among the V. cholerae isolates in 13 species of aquatic food animals. The ERIC-PCR-based genome fingerprinting of the 203 V. cholerae isolates revealed 170 ERIC-genotypes, which demonstrated considerable genomic variation among the isolates. Overall, the results of this study provide useful data to fill gaps for policy and research related to the risk assessment of V. cholerae contamination in aquatic products.
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Toxinotyping and molecular characterization of antimicrobial resistance in Clostridium perfringens isolated from different sources of livestock and poultry. Anaerobe 2020; 67:102298. [PMID: 33220406 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2020.102298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The present study was designed to understand the presence of antimicrobial resistance among the prevalent toxinotypes of Clostridium perfringens recovered from different animals of Tamil Nadu, India. A total of 75 (10.76%) C. perfringens were isolated from 697 multi-species fecal and intestinal content samples. C. perfringens type A (90.67%), type C (2.67%), type D (4%) and type F (2.67%) were recovered. Maximum number of isolates were recovered from dog (n = 20, 24.10%) followed by chicken (n = 19, 5.88%). Recovered isolates were resistant to gentamicin (44.00%), erythromycin (40.00%), bacitracin (40.00%), and tetracycline (26.67%), phenotypically and most of the isolates were found to be resistant to multiple antimicrobials. Genotypic characterization revealed that tetracycline (41.33%), erythromycin (34.66%) and bacitracin (17.33%) resistant genes were present individually or in combination among the isolates. Combined results of phenotypic and genotypic characterization showed the highest percentage of erythromycin resistance (26.66%) among the isolates. None of the isolates showed amplification for lincomycin resistance genes. The correlation matrix analysis of genotypic resistance showed a weak positive relationship between the tetracycline and bacitracin resistance while a weak negative relationship between the tetracycline and erythromycin resistance. The present study thus reports the presence of multiple-resistance genes among C. perfringens isolates that may be involved in the dissemination of resistance to other bacteria present across species. Further insights into the genome can help to understand the mechanism involved in gene transfer so that measures can be taken to prevent the AMR spread.
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Fu H, Yu P, Liang W, Kan B, Peng X, Chen L. Virulence, Resistance, and Genomic Fingerprint Traits of Vibrio cholerae Isolated from 12 Species of Aquatic Products in Shanghai, China. Microb Drug Resist 2020; 26:1526-1539. [PMID: 33156741 PMCID: PMC7757592 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2020.0269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Vibrio cholerae is a waterborne bacterium and can cause epidemic cholera disease worldwide. Continuous monitoring of V. cholerae contamination in aquatic products is imperative for assuring food safety. In this study, we determined virulence, antimicrobial susceptibility, heavy metal tolerance, and genomic fingerprints of 370 V. cholerae isolates recovered from 12 species of commonly consumed aquatic products collected from July to September of 2018 in Shanghai, China. Among the species, Leiocassis longirostris, Ictalurus punetaus, Ophiocephalus argus Cantor, and Pelteobagrus fulvidraco were for the first time detected for V. cholerae. Toxin genes ctxAB, tcpA, ace, and zot were absent from all the V. cholerae isolates. However, high occurrence of virulence-associated genes was detected, such as hapA (82.7%), hlyA (81.4%), rtxCABD (81.4%, 24.3%, 80.3%, and 80.8%, respectively), and tlh (80.5%). Approximately 62.2% of the 370 V. cholerae isolates exhibited resistance to streptomycin, followed by ampicillin (60.3%), rifampicin (53.8%), trimethoprim (38.4%), and sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (37.0%). Moreover, ∼57.6% of the isolates showed multidrug resistant phenotypes with 57 resistance profiles, which was significantly different among the 12 species (multiple antimicrobial resistance index, p < 0.001). Meanwhile, high incidence of tolerance to heavy metals Hg2+ (69.5%), Ni2+ (32.4%), and Cd2+ (30.8%) was observed among the isolates. The enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus-polymerase chain reaction (ERIC-PCR)-based fingerprinting profiles classified the 370 V. cholerae isolates into 239 different ERIC-genotypes, which demonstrated diverse genomic variation among the isolates. Overall, the results in this study meet the increasing need of food safety risk assessment of aquatic products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyu Fu
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Storage and Preservation (Shanghai), China Ministry of Agriculture, College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Pan Yu
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Storage and Preservation (Shanghai), China Ministry of Agriculture, College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Weili Liang
- National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Biao Kan
- National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu Peng
- Archaea Centre, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lanming Chen
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Storage and Preservation (Shanghai), China Ministry of Agriculture, College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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