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Chen Y, Li Y, Lu L, Zou P. Zafirlukast, as a viral inactivator, potently inhibits infection of several flaviviruses, including Zika virus, dengue virus, and yellow fever virus. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2024:e0016824. [PMID: 38809067 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00168-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) is one of the mosquito-borne flaviviruses that exhibits a unique tropism to nervous systems and is associated with Guillain-Barre syndrome and congenital Zika syndrome (CZS). Dengue virus (DENV) and yellow fever virus (YFV), the other two mosquito-borne flaviviruses, have also been circulating for a long time and cause severe diseases, such as dengue hemorrhagic fever and yellow fever, respectively. However, there are no safe and effective antiviral drugs approved for the treatment of infections or coinfections of these flaviviruses. Here, we found that zafirlukast, a pregnancy-safe leukotriene receptor antagonist, exhibited potent antiviral activity against infections of ZIKV strains from different lineages in different cell lines, as well as against infections of DENV-2 and YFV 17D. Mechanistic studies demonstrated that zafirlukast directly and irreversibly inactivated these flaviviruses by disrupting the integrity of the virions, leading to the loss of viral infectivity, hence inhibiting the entry step of virus infection. Considering its efficacy against flaviviruses, its safety for pregnant women, and its neuroprotective effect, zafirlukast is a promising candidate for prophylaxis and treatment of infections or coinfections of ZIKV, DENV, and YFV, even in pregnant women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongkang Chen
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan Li
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lu Lu
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Peng Zou
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Chen Y, Li X, Han F, Ji B, Li Y, Yan J, Wang M, Fan J, Zhang S, Lu L, Zou P. The nucleoside analog 4'-fluorouridine suppresses the replication of multiple enteroviruses by targeting 3D polymerase. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2024:e0005424. [PMID: 38687016 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00054-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Human enteroviruses are the major pathogens causing hand-foot-and-mouth disease in infants and young children throughout the world, and infection with enterovirus is also associated with severe complications, such as aseptic meningitis and myocarditis. However, there are no antiviral drugs available to treat enteroviruses infection at present. In this study, we found that 4'-fluorouridine (4'-FlU), a nucleoside analog with low cytotoxicity, exhibited broad-spectrum activity against infections of multiple enteroviruses with EC50 values at low micromolar levels, including coxsackievirus A10 (CV-A10), CV-A16, CV-A6, CV-A7, CV-B3, enterovirus A71 (EV-A71), EV-A89, EV-D68, and echovirus 6. With further investigation, the results indicated that 4'-FlU directly interacted with the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase of enterovirus, the 3D pol, and impaired the polymerase activity of 3D pol, hence inhibiting viral RNA synthesis and significantly suppressing viral replication. Our findings suggest that 4'-FlU could be promisingly developed as a broad-spectrum direct-acting antiviral agent for anti-enteroviruses therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongkang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaohong Li
- Clinical Center for BioTherapy, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fengyang Han
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Computational Chemical Genomics Screening Center, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Beihong Ji
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Computational Chemical Genomics Screening Center, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Yuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingjing Yan
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Fan
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuye Zhang
- Clinical Center for BioTherapy, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lu Lu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Peng Zou
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Katamesh NS, Abbas AEF, Mahmoud SA. Four chemometric models enhanced by Latin hypercube sampling design for quantification of anti-COVID drugs: sustainability profiling through multiple greenness, carbon footprint, blueness, and whiteness metrics. BMC Chem 2024; 18:54. [PMID: 38500132 PMCID: PMC10949693 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-024-01158-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Montelukast sodium (MLK) and Levocetirizine dihydrochloride (LCZ) are widely prescribed medications with promising therapeutic potential against COVID-19. However, existing analytical methods for their quantification are unsustainable, relying on toxic solvents and expensive instrumentation. Herein, we pioneer a green, cost-effective chemometrics approach for MLK and LCZ analysis using UV spectroscopy and intelligent multivariate calibration. Following a multilevel multifactor experimental design, UV spectral data was acquired for 25 synthetic mixtures and modeled via classical least squares (CLS), principal component regression (PCR), partial least squares (PLS), and genetic algorithm-PLS (GA-PLS) techniques. Latin hypercube sampling (LHS) strategically constructed an optimal validation set of 13 mixtures for unbiased predictive performance assessment. Following optimization of the models regarding latent variables (LVs) and wavelength region, the optimum root mean square error of cross-validation (RMSECV) was attained at 2 LVs for the 210-400 nm spectral range (191 data points). The GA-PLS model demonstrated superb accuracy, with recovery percentages (R%) from 98 to 102% for both analytes, and root mean square error of calibration (RMSEC) and prediction (RMSEP) of (0.0943, 0.1872) and (0.1926, 0.1779) for MLK and LCZ, respectively, as well bias-corrected mean square error of prediction (BCMSEP) of -0.0029 and 0.0176, relative root mean square error of prediction (RRMSEP) reaching 0.7516 and 0.6585, and limits of detection (LOD) reaching 0.0813 and 0.2273 for MLK and LCZ respectively. Practical pharmaceutical sample analysis was successfully confirmed via standard additions. We further conducted pioneering multidimensional sustainability evaluations using state-of-the-art greenness, blueness, and whiteness tools. The method demonstrated favorable environmental metrics across all assessment tools. The obtained Green National Environmental Method Index (NEMI), and Complementary Green Analytical Procedure Index (ComplexGAPI) quadrants affirmed green analytical principles. Additionally, the method had a high Analytical Greenness Metric (AGREE) score (0.90) and a low carbon footprint (0.021), indicating environmental friendliness. We also applied blueness and whiteness assessments using the high Blue Applicability Grade Index (BAGI) and Red-Green-Blue 12 (RGB 12) algorithms. The high BAGI (90) and RGB 12 (90.8) scores confirmed the method's strong applicability, cost-effectiveness, and sustainability. This work puts forward an optimal, economically viable green chemistry paradigm for pharmaceutical quality control aligned with sustainable development goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noha S Katamesh
- Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, 11751, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Emad F Abbas
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Analytical Chemistry Department, October 6 University, 6 October City, Giza, 12585, Egypt.
| | - Shimaa A Mahmoud
- Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, 11751, Egypt
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Chen Y, Li X, Wang M, Li Y, Fan J, Yan J, Zhang S, Lu L, Zou P. A cysteine protease inhibitor GC376 displays potent antiviral activity against coxsackievirus infection. CURRENT RESEARCH IN MICROBIAL SCIENCES 2023; 5:100203. [PMID: 37767059 PMCID: PMC10520345 DOI: 10.1016/j.crmicr.2023.100203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Infection with coxsackievirus A10 (CV-A10) can cause hand-foot-mouth disease and is also associated with severe complications, including viral pneumonia, aseptic and viral meningitis. Coxsackievirus infection may also play a role in the pathogenesis of acute myocardial infarction and in the increased risk of type 1 diabetes mellitus in adults. However, there are no approved vaccines or direct antiviral agents available to prevention or treatment of coxsackievirus infection. Here, we reported that GC376 potently inhibited CV-A10 infection in different cell lines without cytotoxicity, significantly suppressed production of viral proteins, and strongly reduced the yields of infectious progeny virions. Further study indicated that GC376, as viral 3C protease inhibitor, had the potential to restrain the cleavage of the viral polyprotein into individually functional proteins, thus suppressed the replication of CV-A10. Furthermore, the drug exhibited antiviral activity against coxsackieviruses of various serotypes including CV-A6, CV-A7 and CV-A16, suggesting that GC376 is a broad-spectrum anti-coxsackievirus inhibitor and the 3C protease is a promising target for developing anti-coxsackievirus agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongkang Chen
- Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaohong Li
- Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan Li
- Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Fan
- Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingjing Yan
- Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuye Zhang
- Clinical Center for BioTherapy and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lu Lu
- Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Peng Zou
- Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Mulgaonkar N, Wang H, Zhang J, Roundy CM, Tang W, Chaki SP, Pauvolid-Corrêa A, Hamer GL, Fernando S. Montelukast and Telmisartan as Inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Variant. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1891. [PMID: 37514075 PMCID: PMC10385313 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15071891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Earlier studies with montelukast (M) and telmisartan (T) have revealed their potential antiviral properties against SARS-CoV-2 wild-type (WT) but have not assessed their efficacy against emerging Variants of Concern (VOCs) such as Omicron. Our research fills this gap by investigating these drugs' impact on VOCs, a topic that current scientific literature has largely overlooked. We employed computational methodologies, including molecular mechanics and machine learning tools, to identify drugs that could potentially disrupt the SARS-CoV-2 spike RBD-ACE2 protein interaction. This led to the identification of two FDA-approved small molecule drugs, M and T, conventionally used for treating asthma and hypertension, respectively. Our study presents an additional potential use for these drugs as antivirals. Our results show that both M and T can inhibit not only the WT SARS-CoV-2 but also, in the case of M, the Omicron variant, without reaching cytotoxic concentrations. This novel finding fills an existing gap in the literature and introduces the possibility of repurposing these drugs for SARS-CoV-2 VOCs, an essential step in responding to the evolving global pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirmitee Mulgaonkar
- Biological and Agricultural Engineering Department, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Haoqi Wang
- Biological and Agricultural Engineering Department, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Junrui Zhang
- Biological and Agricultural Engineering Department, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | | | - Wendy Tang
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Sankar Prasad Chaki
- Texas A&M Global Health Research Complex, Division of Research, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Alex Pauvolid-Corrêa
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Gabriel L Hamer
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Sandun Fernando
- Biological and Agricultural Engineering Department, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
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Qahtani SYA. Efficacy and safety of intravenous leukotriene receptor antagonists in acute asthma. Am J Med Sci 2023; 366:22-26. [PMID: 37080430 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjms.2023.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
The incidence of bronchial asthma has increased substantially since recent decades in both children and adults. Moreover, the number of patients presenting with asthma exacerbation to the emergency department has also increased in several countries. Leukotrienes are inflammatory mediators that play an important role in bronchial asthma exacerbation. Leukotriene receptor antagonists reduce asthma exacerbation in chronic asthma; moreover, the current guidelines for asthma management recommend the use of oral leukotriene receptor antagonists for asthma control and reduce further exacerbation. However, data on the use of intravenous leukotriene receptor antagonists during acute asthma exacerbation are scarce. Nevertheless, currently available data revealed a trend of significant improvement of acute asthma and rapid reversal of airflow obstruction when administered during an acute asthma attack. This review aims to summarize currently available data on the use of intravenous leukotriene receptor antagonists in adult patients with acute asthma exacerbation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaya Yaanallah Al Qahtani
- Department of Internal Medicine and Critical Care Medicine, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia.
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Mohamed Hussein AAR, Ibrahim MEAA, Makhlouf HA, Makhlouf NA, Abd-Elaal HK, Kholief KMS, Sayed IG. Value of montelukast as a potential treatment of post-COVID-19 persistent cough: a non-randomized controlled pilot study. THE EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF BRONCHOLOGY 2022. [PMCID: PMC9476462 DOI: 10.1186/s43168-022-00154-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
This pilot study included 68 cases with post-COVID-19 persistent cough (> 8 weeks), randomly allocated into two groups; intervention group (32 patients) received standard cough therapy, and montelukast 10 mg/day for 14 days and control group (36 patients) received only cough sedatives.
Results
We found a significant improvement in the number of cough paroxysms/day, cough severity visual analog scale, cough severity index and cough quality of life, shorter duration improvement, and minimal side effects in the interventional group.
Conclusions
We suggest that montelukast may be effective to reduce the duration and severity of the persistent post-COVID-19 cough and further improve quality of life.
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Wang X, Chen Y, Shi H, Zou P. Erythromycin Estolate Is a Potent Inhibitor Against HCoV-OC43 by Directly Inactivating the Virus Particle. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:905248. [PMID: 35873167 PMCID: PMC9301004 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.905248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In addition to antibacterial effects, macrolide antibiotics exhibit other extensive pharmacological effects, such as anti-inflammatory and antiviral activities. Erythromycin estolate, one of the macrolide antibiotics, was previously investigated to effectively inhibit infections of various flaviviruses including Zika virus, dengue virus, and yellow fever virus, but its antiviral effect against human coronavirus remains unknown. Thus, the current study was designed to evaluate the antiviral efficacy of erythromycin estolate against human coronavirus strain OC43 (HCoV-OC43) and to illustrate the underlying mechanisms. Erythromycin estolate effectively inhibited HCoV-OC43 infection in different cell types and significantly reduced virus titers at safe concentration without cell cytotoxicity. Furthermore, erythromycin estolate was identified to inhibit HCoV-OC43 infection at the early stage and to irreversibly inactivate virus by disrupting the integrity of the viral membrane whose lipid component might be the target of action. Together, it was demonstrated that erythromycin estolate could be a potential therapeutic drug for HCoV-OC43 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohuan Wang
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongkang Chen
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huichun Shi
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Peng Zou
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Peng Zou,
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Leukotriene Inhibitors with dexamethasone show promise in the prevention of death in COVID-19 patients with low oxygen saturations. J Clin Transl Sci 2022; 6:e74. [PMID: 35836784 PMCID: PMC9274389 DOI: 10.1017/cts.2022.401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction COVID-19 is a major health threat around the world causing hundreds of millions of infections and millions of deaths. There is a pressing global need for effective therapies. We hypothesized that leukotriene inhibitors (LTIs), that have been shown to lower IL6 and IL8 levels, may have a protective effect in patients with COVID-19. Methods In this retrospective controlled cohort study, we compared death rates in COVID-19 patients who were taking a LTI with those who were not taking an LTI. We used the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) Corporate Data Warehouse (CDW) to create a cohort of COVID-19-positive patients and tracked their use of LTIs between November 1, 2019 and November 11, 2021. Results Of the 1,677,595 cohort of patients tested for COVID-19, 189,195 patients tested positive for COVID-19. Forty thousand seven hundred one were admitted. 38,184 had an oxygen requirement and 1214 were taking an LTI. The use of dexamethasone plus a LTI in hospital showed a survival advantage of 13.5% (CI: 0.23%-26.7%; p < 0.01) in patients presenting with a minimal O2Sat of 50% or less. For patients with an O2Sat of <60 and <50% if they were on LTIs as outpatients, continuing the LTI led to a 14.4% and 22.25 survival advantage if they were continued on the medication as inpatients. Conclusions When combined dexamethasone and LTIs provided a mortality benefit in COVID-19 patients presenting with an O2 saturations <50%. The LTI cohort had lower markers of inflammation and cytokine storm.
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Chen Y, Wang X, Shi H, Zou P. Montelukast Inhibits HCoV-OC43 Infection as a Viral Inactivator. Viruses 2022; 14:v14050861. [PMID: 35632604 PMCID: PMC9143845 DOI: 10.3390/v14050861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronaviruses (CoVs) consist of a large group of RNA viruses causing various diseases in humans and in lots of animals. Human coronavirus (HCoV) OC43, the prototype of beta-coronavirus discovered in the 1960s, has been circulating in humans for long time, and infection with other emerging strains of beta-coronavirus (SARS-CoV, SARS-CoV-2, and MERS-CoV) can lead to severe illness and death. In this study, we found that montelukast, a leukotriene receptor antagonist, potently inhibited the infection of HCoV-OC43 in distinct cells in a dose- and time- dependent manner. Additionally, the results showed that montelukast induced release of HCoV-OC43 genomic RNA by disrupting the integrity of the viral lipid membrane, and irreversibly inhibited viral infection. Considering the similarity among HCoV-OC43, MERS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2, it suggests that montelukast may be a potential candidate for the treatment of human beta-coronavirus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Peng Zou
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-21-3799-0333 (ext. 5273)
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Yu Y, Si L, Meng Y. Flavivirus Entry Inhibitors. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1366:171-197. [PMID: 35412141 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-16-8702-0_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Flaviviruses, including Dengue virus, Zika virus, Yellow fever virus, Japanese encephalitis virus, West Nile virus, cause thousands of deaths and millions of illnesses each year. The large outbreak of ZIKV in 2016 reminds us that flaviviruses can pose a serious threat to human safety and public health as emerging and re-emerging viruses. However, there are no specific drugs approved for the treatment of flavivirus infections. Due to no need to enter the cells, viral entry inhibitors have the unique advantage in suppressing viral infections. Flaviviruses bind to receptors and attach to the cell surface, then enter the endosome in a clathrin-dependent manner and finalizes the viral entry process after fusion with the cell membrane in a low pH environment. Small molecules, antibodies or peptides can inhibit flavivirus entry by targeting the above processes. Here, we focus on flavivirus entry inhibitors with well-defined target and antiviral activity. We hope that our review will provide a theoretical basis for flavivirus treatment and drug research and help to accelerate the clinical application of flavivirus entry inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufeng Yu
- Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Lulu Si
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yu Meng
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, China
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12
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Zhang J, Ejikemeuwa A, Gerzanich V, Nasr M, Tang Q, Simard JM, Zhao RY. Understanding the Role of SARS-CoV-2 ORF3a in Viral Pathogenesis and COVID-19. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:854567. [PMID: 35356515 PMCID: PMC8959714 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.854567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The ongoing SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has shocked the world due to its persistence, COVID-19-related morbidity and mortality, and the high mutability of the virus. One of the major concerns is the emergence of new viral variants that may increase viral transmission and disease severity. In addition to mutations of spike protein, mutations of viral proteins that affect virulence, such as ORF3a, also must be considered. The purpose of this article is to review the current literature on ORF3a, to summarize the molecular actions of SARS-CoV-2 ORF3a, and its role in viral pathogenesis and COVID-19. ORF3a is a polymorphic, multifunctional viral protein that is specific to SARS-CoV/SARS-CoV-2. It was acquired from β-CoV lineage and likely originated from bats through viral evolution. SARS-CoV-2 ORF3a is a viroporin that interferes with ion channel activities in host plasma and endomembranes. It is likely a virion-associated protein that exerts its effect on the viral life cycle during viral entry through endocytosis, endomembrane-associated viral transcription and replication, and viral release through exocytosis. ORF3a induces cellular innate and pro-inflammatory immune responses that can trigger a cytokine storm, especially under hypoxic conditions, by activating NLRP3 inflammasomes, HMGB1, and HIF-1α to promote the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. ORF3a induces cell death through apoptosis, necrosis, and pyroptosis, which leads to tissue damage that affects the severity of COVID-19. ORF3a continues to evolve along with spike and other viral proteins to adapt in the human cellular environment. How the emerging ORF3a mutations alter the function of SARS-CoV-2 ORF3a and its role in viral pathogenesis and COVID-19 is largely unknown. This review provides an in-depth analysis of ORF3a protein's structure, origin, evolution, and mutant variants, and how these characteristics affect its functional role in viral pathogenesis and COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiantao Zhang
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Research and Development Service, VA Maryland Health Care System, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Amara Ejikemeuwa
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Volodymyr Gerzanich
- Research and Development Service, VA Maryland Health Care System, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Mohamed Nasr
- Drug Development and Clinical Sciences Branch, Division of AIDS, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Qiyi Tang
- Department of Microbiology, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC, United States
| | - J. Marc Simard
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Research and Development Service, VA Maryland Health Care System, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Richard Y. Zhao
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Research and Development Service, VA Maryland Health Care System, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Institute of Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
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13
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Kerget B, Kerget F, Aydın M, Karaşahin Ö. Effect of montelukast therapy on clinical course, pulmonary function, and mortality in patients with COVID-19. J Med Virol 2021; 94:1950-1958. [PMID: 34958142 PMCID: PMC9015221 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.27552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The inflammatory/anti‐inflammatory balance has an important role in the clinical course of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) (coronavirus disease [COVID‐19]) infection, which has affected over 200 million people since it first appeared in China in December 2019. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of montelukast, which has known anti‐inflammatory and bronchodilatory effects, in these patients. The prospective randomized controlled study included 180 patients who were hospitalized in the infectious diseases department of our hospital between May and July 2021 and were diagnosed with the delta variant of SARS‐CoV‐2 by real‐time polymerase chain reaction of nasopharyngeal swabs. The patients were divided into three groups and received only standard treatment according to national guidelines (Group 1) or standard treatment plus 10 mg/day montelukast (Group 2) or 20 mg/day montelukast (Group 3). Laboratory parameters and pulmonary function tests (PFTs) at admission and on Day 5 of treatment were compared. Comparison of laboratory parameters on Day 5 showed that Groups 2 and 3 had significantly lower levels of lactate dehydrogenase, fibrinogen, D‐dimer, C‐reactive protein, and procalcitonin compared with Group 1 (p = 0.04, 0.002, 0.05, 0.03, and 0.04, respectively). In the comparison between Groups 2 and 3, only fibrinogen was significantly lower in Group 3 (p = 0.02). PFT results did not differ between the groups at admission, while on Day 5, only Group 3 showed significant improvements in forced expiratory volume in 1 s, forced vital capacity, and peak expiratory flow 25–75 compared with admission (p = 0.001 for all). Montelukast may be beneficial in COVID‐19 patients to maintain the inflammatory/anti‐inflammatory balance, prevent respiratory failure through its bronchodilator activity, and reduce mortality. The study included 180 participants who were divided into three groups: Group 1 (n = 60) received standard treatment in accordance with our national COVID‐19 diagnosis and treatment guide, Group 2 (n = 60) received 10 mg/day oral montelukast in addition to standard treatment, and Group 3 (n = 60) received 20 mg/day oral montelukast in addition to standard treatment. We aimed to investigate the effect of treatment with varying doses of montelukast as an adjunct to standard antiviral therapy on pulmonary function tests and clinical courses in patients with COVID‐19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Buğra Kerget
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Ataturk University School of Medicine, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Ferhan Kerget
- Department of Infection Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Health Sciences University Erzurum Regional Education and Research Hospital, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Murat Aydın
- Department of Infection Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Health Sciences University Erzurum Regional Education and Research Hospital, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Ömer Karaşahin
- Department of Infection Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Health Sciences University Erzurum Regional Education and Research Hospital, Erzurum, Turkey
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14
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May BC, Gallivan KH. Levocetirizine and montelukast in the COVID-19 treatment paradigm. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 103:108412. [PMID: 34942461 PMCID: PMC8673734 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.108412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Levocetirizine, a third-generation antihistamine, and montelukast, a leukotriene receptor antagonist, exhibit remarkable synergistic anti-inflammatory activity across a spectrum of signaling proteins, cell adhesion molecules, and leukocytes. By targeting cellular protein activity, they are uniquely positioned to treat the symptoms of COVID-19. Clinical data to date with an associated six-month follow-up, suggests the combination therapy may prevent the progression of the disease from mild to moderate to severe, as well as prevent/treat many of the aspects of ‘Long COVID,’ thereby cost effectively reducing both morbidity and mortality. To investigate patient outcomes, 53 consecutive COVID-19 test (+) cases (ages 3–90) from a well-established, single-center practice in Boston, Massachusetts, between March – November 2020, were treated with levocetirizine and montelukast in addition to then existing protocols [2]. The data set was retrospectively reviewed. Thirty-four cases were considered mild (64%), 17 moderate (32%), and 2 (4%) severe. Several patients presented with significant comorbidities (obesity: n = 22, 41%; diabetes: n = 10, 19%; hypertension: n = 24, 45%). Among the cohort there were no exclusions, no intubations, and no deaths. The pilot study in Massachusetts encompassed the first COVID-19 wave which peaked on April 23, 2020 as well as the ascending portion of the second wave in the fall. During this period the average weekly COVID-19 case mortality rate (confirmed deaths/confirmed cases) varied considerably between 1 and 7.5% [37]. FDA has approved a multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled, Phase 2 clinical trial design, replete with electronic diaries and laboratory metrics to explore scientific questions not addressed herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce Chandler May
- Inflammatory Response Research, Inc., 515 E. Micheltorena, Suite G, Santa Barbara, CA 93103, United States; Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, Cottage Health, 400 West Pueblo Street, Santa Barbara, CA 93105, United States.
| | - Kathleen Holly Gallivan
- Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, 100 Unicorn Park, Suite 102, Woburn, MA 01801, United States.
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15
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Dey M, Singh RK. Possible Therapeutic Potential of Cysteinyl Leukotriene Receptor Antagonist Montelukast in Treatment of SARS-CoV-2-Induced COVID-19. Pharmacology 2021; 106:469-476. [PMID: 34350893 DOI: 10.1159/000518359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic is a serious devastating disease and has posed a global health emergency. So far, there is not any specific therapy approved till date to control the clinical symptoms of the disease. Remdesivir has been approved by the FDA as an emergency clinical therapy. But it may not be effective alone to control the disease as it can only control the viral replication in the host. SUMMARY This article summarizes the possible therapeutic potential and benefits of using montelukast, a cysteinyl leukotriene 1 (CysLT1) receptor antagonist, to control COVID-19 pathophysiology. Montelukast has shown anti-inflammatory effects, reduced cytokine production, improvement in post-infection cough production and other lung complications. Key Messages: Recent reports clearly indicate a distinct role of CysLT-regulated cytokines and immunological signaling in COVID-19. Thus, montelukast may have a clinical potential to control lung pathology during COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mangaldeep Dey
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Raebareli, Transit campus, Lucknow, India
| | - Rakesh Kumar Singh
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Raebareli, Transit campus, Lucknow, India
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16
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Al-Kuraishy HM, Al-Gareeb AI, Almulaiky YQ, Cruz-Martins N, El-Saber Batiha G. Role of leukotriene pathway and montelukast in pulmonary and extrapulmonary manifestations of Covid-19: The enigmatic entity. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 904:174196. [PMID: 34004207 PMCID: PMC8123523 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the responsible agent for the coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19), has its entry point through interaction with angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptors, highly expressed in lung type II alveolar cells and other tissues, like heart, pancreas, brain, and vascular endothelium. This review aimed to elucidate the potential role of leukotrienes (LTs) in the pathogenesis and clinical presentation of SARS-CoV-2 infection, and to reveal the critical role of LT pathway receptor antagonists and inhibitors in Covid-19 management. A literature search was done in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and Google Scholar databases to find the potential role of montelukast and other LT inhibitors in the management of pulmonary and extra-pulmonary manifestations triggered by SARS-CoV-2. Data obtained so far underline that pulmonary and extra-pulmonary manifestations in Covid-19 are attributed to a direct effect of SARS-CoV-2 in expressed ACE2 receptors or indirectly through NF-κB dependent induction of a cytokine storm. Montelukast can ameliorate extra-pulmonary manifestations in Covid-19 either directly through blocking of Cys-LTRs in different organs or indirectly through inhibition of the NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayder M Al-Kuraishy
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Medicine, College of Medicine, ALmustansiriyia University, Baghdad, Iraq.
| | - Ali I Al-Gareeb
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Medicine, College of Medicine, ALmustansiriyia University, Baghdad, Iraq.
| | - Yaaser Q Almulaiky
- University of Jeddah, College of Sciences and Arts at Khulis, Department of Chemistry, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Natália Cruz-Martins
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernani Monteiro, 4200-319, Porto, Portugal; Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal; Laboratory of Neuropsychophysiology, Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, University of Porto, Portugal.
| | - Gaber El-Saber Batiha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, 22511, AlBeheira, Egypt.
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17
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Sharma T, Abohashrh M, Baig MH, Dong JJ, Alam MM, Ahmad I, Irfan S. Screening of drug databank against WT and mutant main protease of SARS-CoV-2: Towards finding potential compound for repurposing against COVID-19. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28:3152-3159. [PMID: 33649700 PMCID: PMC7901282 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.02.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Although several pharmacological agents are under investigation to be repurposed as therapeutic against COVID-19, not much success has been achieved yet. So, the search for an effective and active option for the treatment of COVID-19 is still a big challenge. The Spike protein (S), RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), and Main protease (Mpro) are considered to be the primary therapeutic drug target for COVID-19. In this study we have screened the drugbank compound library against the Main Protease. But our search was not limited to just Mpro. Like other viruses, SARS-CoV-2, have also acquired unique mutations. These mutations within the active site of these target proteins may be an important factor hindering effective drug candidate development. In the present study we identified important active site mutations within the SARS-CoV-2 Mpro (Y54C, N142S, T190I and A191V). Further the drugbank database was computationally screened against Mpro and the selected mutants. Finally, we came up with the common molecules effective against the wild type (WT) and all the selected Mpro. The study found Imiglitazar, was found to be the most active compound against the wild type of Mpro. While PF-03715455 (Y54C), Salvianolic acid A (N142S and T190I), and Montelukast (A191V) were found to be most active against the other selected mutants. It was also found that some other compounds such as Acteoside, 4-Amino-N- {4-[2-(2,6-Dimethyl-Phenoxy)-Acetylamino]-3-Hydroxy-1-Isobutyl-5-Phenyl-Pentyl}-Benzamide, PF-00610355, 4-Amino-N-4-[2-(2,6-Dimethyl-Phenoxy)-Acetylamino]-3-Hydroxy-1-Isobutyl-5-Phenyl-Pentyl}-Benzamide and Atorvastatin were showing high efficacy against the WT as well as other selected mutants. We believe that these molecules will provide a better and effective option for the treatment of COVID-19 clinical manifestations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanuj Sharma
- Department of Family Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Mohammed Abohashrh
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Hassan Baig
- Department of Family Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-June Dong
- Department of Family Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Mohammad Mahtab Alam
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Irfan Ahmad
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Safia Irfan
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
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18
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Shi L, Xu J, Xiao W, Wang Y, Jin Y, Chen S, Duan G, Yang H, Wang Y. Asthma in patients with coronavirus disease 2019: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2021; 126:524-534. [PMID: 33609770 PMCID: PMC7889465 DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2021.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is unclear whether asthma has an influence on contracting coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) or having worse outcomes from COVID-19 disease. OBJECTIVE To explore the prevalence of asthma in patients with COVID-19 and the relationship between asthma and patients with COVID-19 with poor outcomes. METHODS The pooled prevalence of asthma in patients with COVID-19 and corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) were estimated. The pooled effect size (ES) was used to evaluate the association between asthma and patients with COVID-19 with poor outcomes. RESULTS The pooled prevalence of asthma in patients with COVID-19 worldwide was 8.3% (95% CI, 7.6-9.0) based on 116 articles (119 studies) with 403,392 cases. The pooled ES based on unadjusted effect estimates revealed that asthma was not associated with reduced risk of poor outcomes in patients with COVID-19 (ES, 0.91; 95% CI, 0.78-1.06). Similarly, the pooled ES based on unadjusted effect estimates revealed that asthma was not associated with the reduced risk of mortality in patients with COVID-19 (ES, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.73-1.05). However, the pooled ES based on adjusted effect estimates indicated that asthma was significantly associated with reduced risk of mortality in patients with COVID-19 (ES 0.80, 95% CI 0.74-0.86). CONCLUSION The pooled prevalence of asthma in patients with COVID-19 was similar to that in the general population, and asthma might be an independent protective factor for the death of patients with COVID-19, which suggests that we should pay high attention to patients co-infected asthma and COVID-19 and take locally tailored interventions and treatment. Further well-designed studies with large sample sizes are required to verify our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Shi
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Xu
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenwei Xiao
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuefei Jin
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuaiyin Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangcai Duan
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiyan Yang
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yadong Wang
- Department of Toxicology, Henan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China.
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19
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Kumar S, Singh B, Kumari P, Kumar PV, Agnihotri G, Khan S, Kant Beuria T, Syed GH, Dixit A. Identification of multipotent drugs for COVID-19 therapeutics with the evaluation of their SARS-CoV2 inhibitory activity. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2021; 19:1998-2017. [PMID: 33841751 PMCID: PMC8025584 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2021.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The SARS-CoV2 is a highly contagious pathogen that causes COVID-19 disease. It has affected millions of people globally with an average lethality of ~3%. There is an urgent need of drugs for the treatment of COVID-19. In the current studies, we have used bioinformatics techniques to screen the FDA approved drugs against nine SARS-CoV2 proteins to identify drugs for repurposing. Additionally, we analyzed if the identified molecules can also affect the human proteins whose expression in lung changed during SARS-CoV2 infection. Targeting such genes may also be a beneficial strategy to curb disease manifestation. We have identified 74 molecules that can bind to various SARS-CoV2 and human host proteins. We experimentally validated our in-silico predictions using vero E6 cells infected with SARS-CoV2 virus. Interestingly, many of our predicted molecules viz. capreomycin, celecoxib, mefloquine, montelukast, and nebivolol showed good activity (IC50) against SARS-CoV2. We hope that these studies may help in the development of new therapeutic options for the treatment of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sugandh Kumar
- Institute of Life Science, Nalco Square, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751023, India
- School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT) University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751024, India
| | - Bharati Singh
- Institute of Life Science, Nalco Square, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751023, India
- School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT) University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751024, India
| | - Pratima Kumari
- Institute of Life Science, Nalco Square, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751023, India
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology (RCB), 3rd Milestone, Faridabad-Gurgaon, Haryana 121001, India
| | - Preethy V. Kumar
- Institute of Life Science, Nalco Square, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751023, India
- School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT) University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751024, India
| | - Geetanjali Agnihotri
- School of Chemical Technology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT) University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751024, India
| | - Shaheerah Khan
- Institute of Life Science, Nalco Square, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751023, India
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology (RCB), 3rd Milestone, Faridabad-Gurgaon, Haryana 121001, India
| | - Tushar Kant Beuria
- Institute of Life Science, Nalco Square, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751023, India
| | - Gulam Hussain Syed
- Institute of Life Science, Nalco Square, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751023, India
| | - Anshuman Dixit
- Institute of Life Science, Nalco Square, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751023, India
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20
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Aigner L, Pietrantonio F, Bessa de Sousa DM, Michael J, Schuster D, Reitsamer HA, Zerbe H, Studnicka M. The Leukotriene Receptor Antagonist Montelukast as a Potential COVID-19 Therapeutic. Front Mol Biosci 2020; 7:610132. [PMID: 33392263 PMCID: PMC7773944 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2020.610132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergence and global impact of COVID-19 has focused the scientific and medical community on the pivotal influential role of respiratory viruses as causes of severe pneumonia, on the understanding of the underlying pathomechanisms, and on potential treatment for COVID-19. The latter concentrates on four different strategies: (i) antiviral treatments to limit the entry of the virus into the cell and its propagation, (ii) anti-inflammatory treatment to reduce the impact of COVID-19 associated inflammation and cytokine storm, (iii) treatment using cardiovascular medication to reduce COVID-19 associated thrombosis and vascular damage, and (iv) treatment to reduce the COVID-19 associated lung injury. Ideally, effective COVID-19 treatment should target as many of these mechanisms as possible arguing for the search of common denominators as potential drug targets. Leukotrienes and their receptors qualify as such targets: they are lipid mediators of inflammation and tissue damage and well-established targets in respiratory diseases like asthma. Besides their role in inflammation, they are involved in various other aspects of lung pathologies like vascular damage, thrombosis, and fibrotic response, in brain and retinal damages, and in cardiovascular disease. In consequence, leukotriene receptor antagonists might be potential candidates for COVID-19 therapeutics. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the potential involvement of leukotrienes in COVID-19, and the rational for the use of the leukotriene receptor antagonist montelukast as a COVID-19 therapeutic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludwig Aigner
- Institute of Molecular Regenerative Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria.,Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Diana Marisa Bessa de Sousa
- Institute of Molecular Regenerative Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria.,Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Johanna Michael
- Institute of Molecular Regenerative Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria.,Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Daniela Schuster
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Herbert Anton Reitsamer
- Department of Ophthalmology and Optometry, University Clinic Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria.,Research Program of Experimental Ophthalmology and Glaucoma Research, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | | | - Michael Studnicka
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University Clinic Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
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21
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Reposition of montelukast either alone or in combination with levocetirizine against SARS-CoV-2. Med Hypotheses 2020; 144:110046. [PMID: 33254480 PMCID: PMC7321662 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2020.110046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
It has been hypothesised that antiallergic medications (AAMs) like montelukast and levocetirizine both the two bitter chloro compounds could be repurposed either alone or combinedly as an antiviral against SARS-CoV-2, like chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine (CQ/HCQ), another two bitter chloro compounds. Both AAMs and CQ/HCQ are bitter tasted chloro compounds. Depending on their these two similar physical properties and the safety and efficacy of AAMs by controlling over post viral episodes as comparing with viral inhibitory activities including SARS-CoV-2 by CQ/HCQ, a reposition of AAMs either alone/combinedly could be rationalised as an antiviral approach to nCoV.
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22
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Hernández-Galdamez DR, González-Block MÁ, Romo-Dueñas DK, Lima-Morales R, Hernández-Vicente IA, Lumbreras-Guzmán M, Méndez-Hernández P. Increased Risk of Hospitalization and Death in Patients with COVID-19 and Pre-existing Noncommunicable Diseases and Modifiable Risk Factors in Mexico. Arch Med Res 2020; 51:683-689. [PMID: 32747155 PMCID: PMC7375298 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2020.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The population in Mexico has high prevalence rates of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs). Hospitalization and death of COVID-19 patients in the countries most affected by the pandemic has been associated to chronic comorbidities. OBJECTIVE To describe the prevalence of NCDs in patients with COVID-19 in Mexico and analyze the increased risk due to comorbidities and risk factors on hospitalization, utilization of intensive care units and death. METHODS A cross-sectional study was performed from 212,802 confirmed COVID-19 cases reported by the Ministry of Health up to June 27, 2020. Odds ratios were performed using logistic regression model. RESULTS Up to 47.40% of patients with COVID-19 diagnosis were also reported with a comorbidity, with hypertension being the most frequent (20.12%). The report of at least one NCD significantly increased the risk of death with respect to patients without such diagnoses. Chronic kidney disease increased the risk of death the most (OR 2.31), followed by diabetes (OR 1.69), immunosuppression (OR 1.62), obesity (OR 1.42), hypertension (OR 1.24), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (OR 1.20). The comorbidities that most increased the risk of ICU and of intubation were diabetes, immunosuppression and obesity. CONCLUSION NCD comorbidities increase the severity of COVID-19 infection. Given high NCD prevalence rates among the Mexican population, the pandemic poses a special threat to the health system and to society. Special prevention measures need to be strengthened for persons with NCD diagnoses in the short-term. In the mid-term, disease control strategies need to be improved to protect these patients against COVID-19 severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Rolando Hernández-Galdamez
- INCAP Research Center for the Prevention of Chronic Diseases, Institute of Nutrition of Central America and Panama, Guatemala City, Guatemala
| | - Miguel Ángel González-Block
- Universidad Anáhuac México, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Evisys Consulting, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Daniela Karola Romo-Dueñas
- Red Nacional de Registros de Cáncer, Guanajuato, México, Instituto de Salud Pública del Estado de Guanajuato, Unidad de Vigilancia Epidemiologica Hospitalaria, Hospital General León, Guanajuato, México
| | - René Lima-Morales
- Secretaría de Salud de Tlaxcala, Dirección General, Tlaxcala, México
| | - Irma Alejandra Hernández-Vicente
- Secretaría de Salud de Tlaxcala, Hospital General de Huamantla, Tlaxcala, México; Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Tlaxcala, México
| | - Marivel Lumbreras-Guzmán
- Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Tlaxcala, México; Secretaría de Salud de Tlaxcala, Centro de Salud Urbano de Villa Vicente Guerrero, Tlaxcala, México
| | - Pablo Méndez-Hernández
- Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Tlaxcala, México; Secretaría de Salud de Tlaxcala, Departamento de Calidad y Educación en Salud, Tlaxcala, México.
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23
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Abstract
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The pandemic caused
by SARS-CoV-2 is currently representing a major
health and economic threat to humanity. So far, no specific treatment
to this viral infection has been developed and the emergency still
requires an efficient intervention. In this work, we used virtual
screening to facilitate drug repurposing against SARS-CoV-2, targeting
viral main proteinase and spike protein with 3000 existing drugs.
We used a protocol based on a docking step followed by a short molecular
dynamic simulation and rescoring by the Nwat-MMGBSA approach. Our
results provide suggestions for prioritizing in vitro and/or in vivo tests of already available compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Maffucci
- Université de technologie de Compiègne, UPJV, CNRS, Enzyme and Cell Engineering, Centre de recherche Royallieu - CS 60 319 - 60 203 Compiègne Cedex, France
| | - Alessandro Contini
- Università degli Studi di Milano, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Sezione di Chimica Generale e Organica "A. Marchesini", Via Venezian, 21 20133 Milano, Italy
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24
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Tackling the cytokine storm in COVID-19, challenges and hopes. Life Sci 2020; 257:118054. [PMID: 32663575 PMCID: PMC7832727 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The outbreak of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is the current world health concern, presenting a public health dilemma with ascending morbidity and mortality rates exceeding any previous viral spread, without a standard effective treatment yet. SARS-CoV-2 infection is distinguished with multiple epidemiological and pathological features, one of them being the elevated levels of cytokine release, which in turn trigger an aberrant uncontrolled response known as "cytokine storm". This phenomenon contributes to severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), leading to pneumonia and respiratory failure, which is considered a major contributor to COVID-19-associated fatality rates. Taking into account that the vast majority of the COVID-19 cases are aggravated by the respiratory and multiorgan failure triggered by the sustained release of cytokines, implementing therapeutics that alleviate or diminish the upregulated inflammatory response would provide a therapeutic advantage to COVID-19 patients. Indeed, dexamethasone, a widely available and inexpensive corticosteroid with anti-inflammatory effects, has shown a great promise in reducing mortality rates in COVID-19 patients. In this review, we have critically compared the clinical impact of several potential therapeutic agents that could block or interfere with the cytokine storm, such as IL-1 inhibitors, IL-6 inhibitors, mast cell targeting agents, and corticosteroids. This work focused on highlighting and contrasting the current success and limitations towards the involvement of these agents in future treatment protocols.
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25
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Barré J, Sabatier JM, Annweiler C. Montelukast Drug May Improve COVID-19 Prognosis: A Review of Evidence. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:1344. [PMID: 33013375 PMCID: PMC7500361 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.01344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
With the lack of effective therapy, chemoprevention and vaccination, focusing on the immediate repurposing of existing drugs gives hope of curbing the pandemic. Interestingly, montelukast, a drug usually used in asthma, may be proposed as a potential adjuvant therapy in COVID-19. The aim of the present article was to review the properties of montelukast that could be beneficial in COVID-19. Ten experimentally supported properties were retrieved, either related to SARS-CoV-2 (antiviral properties, prevention of endotheliitis and of neurological disorders linked to SARS-CoV-2), and/or related to the host (improvement of atherogenic vascular inflammation, limitation of the ischemia/reperfusion phenomenon, improvement of respiratory symptoms), and/or related to serious COVID-19 outcomes (limitation of the cytokine storm, mitigation of acute respiratory distress syndrome), and/or related to tissue sequelae (antioxidant properties, anti-fibrosis effects). Based on gathered theoretical evidence, we argue that montelukast should be further tested to prevent and treat COVID-19 outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Barré
- Department of Geriatric Medicine and Memory Clinic, Research Center on Autonomy and Longevity, University Hospital, Angers, France
| | - Jean-Marc Sabatier
- Aix-Marseille University, Institute of NeuroPhysiopathology, UMR 7051, Marseille, France
| | - Cédric Annweiler
- Department of Geriatric Medicine and Memory Clinic, Research Center on Autonomy and Longevity, University Hospital, Angers, France.,UPRES EA 4638, Université d'Angers, Angers, France.,Department of Medical Biophysics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Robarts Research Institute, the University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
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26
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Copertino DC, Duarte RRR, Powell TR, de Mulder Rougvie M, Nixon DF. Montelukast drug activity and potential against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). J Med Virol 2020; 93:187-189. [PMID: 32658304 PMCID: PMC7405283 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.26299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dennis C Copertino
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, New York
| | - Rodrigo R R Duarte
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, New York
| | - Timothy R Powell
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, New York
| | | | - Douglas F Nixon
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, New York
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