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Huang YC, Chen FJ, Huang IW, Wu HC, Kuo SC, Huang TW, Lauderdale TL. Clonal expansion of Tn1546-like transposon-carrying vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium, a nationwide study in Taiwan, 2004-2018. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2024:S2213-7165(24)00117-6. [PMID: 38996869 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2024.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The prevalence of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium (VREfm) has increased significantly in Taiwan. We investigated the molecular epidemiology of clinical VREfm isolates to increase our understanding on their spread and changes in population structure over a 14-year span. METHODS A total of 1113 E. faecium isolates were collected biennially from 2004 to 2018 in Taiwan. MICs were determined by broth microdilution. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) was performed on 229 VREfm isolates to characterize their genetic environment of vancomycin resistance and wgMLST was used to investigate their clonal relationship. RESULTS Among the 229 isolates, ST17 and ST78 predominated, especially during the later years, and their prevalences increased from 14.6% (7/48) and 25.0% (12/48) in 2004-2010 to 47.5% (87/181) and 29.8% (54/181) in 2012-2018, respectively. Four types of vanA-carrying Tn1546 variants were detected, with type 1 and type 2 predominated. Type 1 Tn1546 contained an addition of IS1251, while type 2 resembled type 1 but had an addition of IS1678. wgMLST revealed several distinct clusters of ST17 and ST78 isolates, with type 1 Tn1546-harbouring ST17-Cluster 16 being the largest and most widespread clones throughout the study years. Type 2 Tn1546-carrying ST78 became a predominant clone (Cluster 21) after 2012. Isolates within these clusters are highly similar despite being from different hospitals, regions, and study year. CONCLUSION The increase of VREfm in Taiwan was attributed to horizontal transfer of vanA-carrying Tn1546 variants between different STs and spread of persistent clones. This study highlights the importance of integrating WGS into surveillance to combat antimicrobial resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Chi Huang
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Feng-Jui Chen
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - I-Wen Huang
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Han-Chieh Wu
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Chen Kuo
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Wen Huang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Tsai-Ling Lauderdale
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan.
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Rodrigues IC, Ribeiro-Almeida M, Silveira L, Prata JC, de Carvalho AP, Roque C, Gomes JP, Borges V, Pista Â, Martins da Costa P. Unveiling a Listeria monocytogenes Outbreak in a Rabbit Farm: Clinical Manifestation, Antimicrobial Resistance, Genomic Insights and Environmental Investigation. Microorganisms 2024; 12:785. [PMID: 38674729 PMCID: PMC11051769 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12040785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes poses a threat to both human and animal health. This work describes an L. monocytogenes outbreak in a Portuguese rabbit farm, detailing the isolates' clinical manifestations, necropsy findings, and phenotypic and genomic profiles. Clinical signs, exclusively observed in does, included lethargy and reproductive signs. Post-mortem examination of does revealed splenomegaly, hepatomegaly with a reticular pattern, pulmonary congestion, and haemorrhagic lesions in the uterus, with thickening of the uterine wall and purulent greyish exudates. Positive L. monocytogenes samples were identified in fattening and maternity units across different samples, encompassing does and environmental samples. Core-genome Multi Locus Sequence Typing (cgMLST) analysis confirmed the outbreak, with the 16 sequenced isolates (lineage II, CC31, and ST325) clustering within a ≤2 allelic difference (AD) threshold. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing for five antibiotics revealed that 15 out of 19 outbreak isolates were resistant to sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (SXT). Concordantly, all SXT-resistant sequenced isolates were found to exclusively harbour a plasmid containing a trimethoprim-resistance gene (dfrD), along with loci linked to resistance to lincosamides (lnuG), macrolides (mphB), and polyether ionophores (NarAB operon). All sequenced outbreak isolates carried the antibiotic resistance-related genes tetM, fosX, lin, norB, lmrB, sul, and mprF. The outbreak cluster comprises isolates from does and the environment, which underscores the ubiquitous presence of L. monocytogenes and emphasizes the importance of biosecurity measures. Despite limited data on listeriosis in rabbit farming, this outbreak reveals its significant impact on animal welfare and production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês C. Rodrigues
- School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto (ICBAS-UP), Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (I.C.R.); (M.R.-A.); (J.C.P.); (A.P.d.C.)
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto, de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Marisa Ribeiro-Almeida
- School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto (ICBAS-UP), Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (I.C.R.); (M.R.-A.); (J.C.P.); (A.P.d.C.)
- UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4099-002 Porto, Portugal
| | - Leonor Silveira
- National Reference Laboratory for Gastrointestinal Infections, Department of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Avenida Padre Cruz, 1649-016 Lisbon, Portugal; (L.S.); (C.R.); (Â.P.)
| | - Joana C. Prata
- School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto (ICBAS-UP), Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (I.C.R.); (M.R.-A.); (J.C.P.); (A.P.d.C.)
- i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, University Institute of Health Sciences, Advanced Polytechnic and University Cooperative (CESPU), 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal
- UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Translational Toxicology Research Laboratory, University Institute of Health Sciences (1H-TOXRUN, IUCS-CESPU), 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal
| | - André Pinto de Carvalho
- School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto (ICBAS-UP), Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (I.C.R.); (M.R.-A.); (J.C.P.); (A.P.d.C.)
- NANTA Portugal, S.A., Rua da Estação, N° 157, 4630-221 Marco de Canaveses, Portugal
| | - Carla Roque
- National Reference Laboratory for Gastrointestinal Infections, Department of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Avenida Padre Cruz, 1649-016 Lisbon, Portugal; (L.S.); (C.R.); (Â.P.)
| | - João Paulo Gomes
- Genomics and Bioinformatics Unit, Department of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Avenida Padre Cruz, 1649-016 Lisbon, Portugal; (J.P.G.); (V.B.)
- Veterinary and Animal Research Centre (CECAV), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Lusófona University, 1749-024 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Vítor Borges
- Genomics and Bioinformatics Unit, Department of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Avenida Padre Cruz, 1649-016 Lisbon, Portugal; (J.P.G.); (V.B.)
| | - Ângela Pista
- National Reference Laboratory for Gastrointestinal Infections, Department of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Avenida Padre Cruz, 1649-016 Lisbon, Portugal; (L.S.); (C.R.); (Â.P.)
| | - Paulo Martins da Costa
- School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto (ICBAS-UP), Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (I.C.R.); (M.R.-A.); (J.C.P.); (A.P.d.C.)
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto, de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
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Warsi OM, Upterworth LM, Breidenstein A, Lustig U, Mikkelsen K, Nagy T, Szatmari D, Ingmer H, Andersson DI. Staphylococcus aureus mutants resistant to the feed-additive monensin show increased virulence and altered purine metabolism. mBio 2024; 15:e0315523. [PMID: 38214510 PMCID: PMC10865815 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.03155-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Ionophores are antibacterial compounds that affect bacterial growth by changing intracellular concentrations of the essential cations, sodium and potassium. They are extensively used in animal husbandry to increase productivity and reduce infectious diseases, but our understanding of the potential for and effects of resistance development to ionophores is poorly known. Thus, given their widespread global usage, it is important to determine the potential negative consequences of ionophore use on human and animal health. In this study, we demonstrate that exposure to the ionophore monensin can select for resistant mutants in the human and animal pathogen Staphylococcus aureus, with a majority of the resistant mutants showing increased growth rates in vitro and/or in mice. Whole-genome sequencing and proteomic analysis of the resistant mutants show that the resistance phenotype is associated with de-repression of de novo purine synthesis, which could be achieved through mutations in different transcriptional regulators including mutations in the gene purR, the repressor of the purine de novo synthesis pathway. This study shows that mutants with reduced susceptibility to the ionophore monensin can be readily selected and highlights an unexplored link between ionophore resistance, purine metabolism, and fitness in pathogenic bacteria.IMPORTANCEThis study demonstrates a novel link between ionophore resistance, purine metabolism, and virulence/fitness in the key human and animal pathogen Staphylococcus aureus. The results show that mutants with reduced susceptibility to the commonly used ionophore monensin can be readily selected and that the reduced susceptibility observed is associated with an increased expression of the de novo purine synthesis pathway. This study increases our understanding of the impact of the use of animal feed additives on both human and veterinary medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar M. Warsi
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lina M. Upterworth
- Department of Evolutionary Ecology and Genetics, Zoological Institute, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Annika Breidenstein
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Ulrika Lustig
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Kasper Mikkelsen
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tamás Nagy
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Dávid Szatmari
- Department of Biophysics, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Hanne Ingmer
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Dan I. Andersson
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Frederiksen RF, Slettemeås JS, Granstad S, Lagesen K, Pikkemaat MG, Urdahl AM, Simm R. Polyether ionophore resistance in a one health perspective. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1347490. [PMID: 38351920 PMCID: PMC10863045 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1347490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is a major threat to human health and must be approached from a One Health perspective. Use of antimicrobials in animal husbandry can lead to dissemination and persistence of resistance in human pathogens. Polyether ionophores (PIs) have antimicrobial activities and are among the most extensively used feed additives for major production animals. Recent discoveries of genetically encoded PI resistance mechanisms and co-localization of resistance mechanisms against PIs and antimicrobials used in human medicine on transferrable plasmids, have raised concerns that use of PIs as feed additives bear potential risks for human health. This review summarizes the current knowledge on PI resistance and discusses the potential consequences of PI-usage as feed additives in a One Health perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jannice Schau Slettemeås
- Department of Animal Health, Welfare and Food Safety, Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Ås, Norway
| | - Silje Granstad
- Department of Animal Health, Welfare and Food Safety, Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Ås, Norway
| | - Karin Lagesen
- Department of Animal Health, Welfare and Food Safety, Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Ås, Norway
| | - Mariel G. Pikkemaat
- Wageningen Food Safety Research, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Anne Margrete Urdahl
- Department of Animal Health, Welfare and Food Safety, Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Ås, Norway
| | - Roger Simm
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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5
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Simjee S, Tice G. The risk-benefit balance of resistance to ionophores in Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus faecalis for ionophore coccidiostats in broiler chickens. J Antimicrob Chemother 2023; 78:2121-2130. [PMID: 37294561 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkad183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, publications and debate have emerged in the scientific literature that have linked the use of ionophore coccidiostats, which are themselves not medically important and not related to any therapeutic antibiotics used in human and animal medicine, to resistance development to medically important antibiotics in Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus faecalis, isolated from broilers and broiler meat. This has been based on the discovery of genes, now named NarAB, that appear to result in elevated MICs of the ionophores narasin, salinomycin and maduramycin and that these are linked to genes responsible for resistance to antibiotics that may be clinically relevant in human medicine. This article will seek to review the most significant publications in this regard and will also examine national antimicrobial resistance surveillance programmes in Norway, Sweden, Denmark and the Netherlands, in order to further evaluate this concern. The conclusion of the review is that the risk that enterococci may pass from broilers to humans and that antimicrobial resistance gene transfer may occur is negligible, remains unquantified and is highly unlikely to be of significance to human health. Indeed, to date no human nosocomial infections have been linked to poultry sources. Concurrently a review of the possible impact of a policy that limits access for poultry farmers and poultry veterinarians to ionophore coccidiostats in broilers indicates predictable negative consequences with regard to antibiotic resistance of significance to animal welfare and to human health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - G Tice
- Independent Science, Policy and Regulatory Consultant, Wicklow, Co. Wicklow, Republic of Ireland
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6
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Laurentie J, Mourand G, Jouy E, Bougeard S, Keita A, Amelot M, Serror P, Kempf I. Study of the effect of administration of narasin or antibiotics on in vivo selection of a narasin- and multidrug-resistant Enterococcus cecorum strain. Vet Microbiol 2023; 282:109757. [PMID: 37119567 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2023.109757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
Enterococcus cecorum is a member of the normal poultry gut microbiota and an emerging poultry pathogen. Some strains are resistant to key antibiotics and coccidiostats. We evaluated the impact on chicken excretion and persistence of a multidrug-resistant E. cecorum of administering narasin or antibiotics. E. cecorum CIRMBP-1294 (Ec1294) is non-wild-type to many antimicrobials, including narasin, levofloxacin, oxytetracycline and glycopeptides, it has a low susceptibility to amoxicillin, and carries a chromosomal vanA operon. Six groups of 15 chicks each were orally inoculated with Ec1294 and two groups were left untreated. Amoxicillin, oxytetracycline or narasin were administered orally to one group each, either at the recommended dose for five days (amoxicillin, oxytetracycline) or continuously (narasin). Faecal samples were collected weekly and caecal samples were obtained from sacrificed birds on day 28. Ec1294 titres were evaluated by culture on vancomycin- and levofloxacin-supplemented media in 5 % CO2. For inoculated birds given narasin, oxytetracycline or no antimicrobials, vancomycin-resistant enterococci were searched by culture on vancomycin-supplemented media incubated in air, and a PCR was used to detect the vanA gene. Ec1294 persisted in inoculated chicks up to day 28. Compared to the control group, the Ec1294 titre was significantly lower in the amoxicillin- and narasin-receiving groups on days 21 and 28, but was unexpectedly higher in the oxytetracycline-receiving group before and after oxytetracycline administration, preventing a conclusion for this group. No transfer of the vanA gene to other enterococci was detected. Other trials in various experimental conditions should now be conducted to confirm this apparent absence of co-selection of the multi-drug-resistant E. cecorum by narasin or amoxicillin administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanne Laurentie
- ANSES, Laboratoire de Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort, Ploufragan, France
| | | | - Eric Jouy
- ANSES, Laboratoire de Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort, Ploufragan, France
| | | | - Alassane Keita
- ANSES, Laboratoire de Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort, Ploufragan, France
| | - Michel Amelot
- ANSES, Laboratoire de Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort, Ploufragan, France
| | - Pascale Serror
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, 78350 Jouy en Josas, France.
| | - Isabelle Kempf
- ANSES, Laboratoire de Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort, Ploufragan, France.
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Use of ionophores in poultry feed. Vet Rec 2023; 192:129-131. [PMID: 36734559 DOI: 10.1002/vetr.2710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Evaluation of Non-Fermented and Fermented Chinese Chive Juice as an Alternative to Antibiotic Growth Promoters of Broilers. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12202742. [PMID: 36290128 PMCID: PMC9597775 DOI: 10.3390/ani12202742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study explores the application of CC juice as a suitable feed additive and alternative to conventional antibiotics. We performed a comparative study to investigate the effects of non-fermented and fermented CC juice on broiler productivity, meat quality, blood characteristics, intestinal characteristics, and microbiota associated with intestinal characteristics. A total of 800 one-day-old Ross 308 broiler chickens were randomly assigned to one of the four dietary treatment groups: (1) basal diet (negative control; NC); (2) basal diet + 0.01% enramycin (positive control; PC); (3) basal diet + 3% non-fermented CC juice (NCC; CC juice 10%, water 90%); and (4) basal diet + 3% fermented CC juice (FCC; CC juice 10%, water 90%, Lactobacillus plantarum SK4719). Feed and water were provided ad libitum. Intriguingly, all treatments showed similar results in terms of broiler productivity and chicken meat quality. Considering organ characteristics, the FCC group showed a low spleen weight and lower (p < 0.05) blood levels of AST and total cholesterol (TCHO). Regarding intestinal characteristics, the CC feed additive (NCC and FCC) resulted in a heavier intestinal weight (p < 0.05) without affecting the length ratio of the villi or the crypt compared to the control (NC or PC). NCC and FCC lowered the growth of intestinal pathogens (p < 0.01). In summary, the addition of FCC can maintain poultry health by improving blood compositions and inhibiting the growth of intestinal pathogens, leading to a productivity comparable to that of poultry treated with growth-promoting antibiotics.
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Lardé H, Francoz D, Roy JP, Archambault M, Massé J, Paradis MÈ, Dufour S. Comparison of Quantification Methods to Estimate Farm-Level Usage of Antimicrobials in Medicated Feed in Dairy Farms from Québec, Canada. Microorganisms 2021; 9:1834. [PMID: 34576729 PMCID: PMC8471653 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9091834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Monitoring antimicrobial usage (AMU) in dairy cattle is becoming common in a growing number of countries, with the ultimate goal to improve practices, reduce the development of antimicrobial resistance, and protect human health. However, antimicrobials delivered as feed additives can be missed by some of the quantification methods usually implemented. Our objective was to compare three methods of quantification of in-feed AMU in Québec dairy herds. We recruited 101 dairy producers for one year in the Québec province. Quantities of antimicrobials were calculated by farm from: (1) feed mills invoices (reference method); (2) veterinary prescriptions; and (3) information collected during an in-person interview of each producer. We standardized AMU rates in kilograms per 100 cow-years and compared the reference method to both alternative methods using concordance correlation coefficients and Bland-Altman plots. Antimicrobial usage was well estimated by veterinary prescriptions (concordance correlation coefficient (CCC) = 0.66) or by the approximation using producer's data (CCC = 0.73) when compared with actual deliveries by feed mills. Users of medically important antimicrobials for human medicine (less than 10% of the farms) were easily identified using veterinary prescriptions. Given that veterinary prescriptions were mostly electronic (90%), this method could be integrated as part of a monitoring system in Québec.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Lardé
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, 3200 rue Sicotte, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada; (M.A.); (J.M.)
- Regroupement FRQNT Op+lait, 3200 rue Sicotte, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada; (D.F.); (J.-P.R.)
- Groupe de Recherche en Épidémiologie des Zoonoses et Santé Publique, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, 3200 rue Sicotte, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada
- Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, P.O. Box 334 Basseterre, St. Kitts, West Indies
| | - David Francoz
- Regroupement FRQNT Op+lait, 3200 rue Sicotte, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada; (D.F.); (J.-P.R.)
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, 3200 rue Sicotte, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada
| | - Jean-Philippe Roy
- Regroupement FRQNT Op+lait, 3200 rue Sicotte, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada; (D.F.); (J.-P.R.)
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, 3200 rue Sicotte, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada
| | - Marie Archambault
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, 3200 rue Sicotte, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada; (M.A.); (J.M.)
- Regroupement FRQNT Op+lait, 3200 rue Sicotte, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada; (D.F.); (J.-P.R.)
| | - Jonathan Massé
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, 3200 rue Sicotte, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada; (M.A.); (J.M.)
- Regroupement FRQNT Op+lait, 3200 rue Sicotte, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada; (D.F.); (J.-P.R.)
- Groupe de Recherche en Épidémiologie des Zoonoses et Santé Publique, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, 3200 rue Sicotte, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada
| | - Marie-Ève Paradis
- Association des Médecins Vétérinaires Praticiens du Québec, 1925 rue Girouard Ouest, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 3A5, Canada;
| | - Simon Dufour
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, 3200 rue Sicotte, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada; (M.A.); (J.M.)
- Regroupement FRQNT Op+lait, 3200 rue Sicotte, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada; (D.F.); (J.-P.R.)
- Groupe de Recherche en Épidémiologie des Zoonoses et Santé Publique, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, 3200 rue Sicotte, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada
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Parker CD, Lister SA, Gittins J. Impact assessment of the reduction or removal of ionophores used for controlling coccidiosis in the UK broiler industry. Vet Rec 2021; 189:e513. [PMID: 34101192 DOI: 10.1002/vetr.513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Coccidiosis is a complex parasitic disease ubiquitous in all types of poultry production. It can have both a direct effect on bird health and welfare with significant negative impacts on the production parameters and indirect effect as it predisposes to other pathogens. Ionophore coccidiostats have been used safely for over 45 years by poultry producers. Concerns have been raised that their use in livestock production could promote the development of antibiotic resistance, but their unique mode of action makes it unlikely. Conversely their removal can result in increased use of therapeutic antibiotics to treat disease posing a greater risk of antibiotic resistance development. Economic and environmental models examining the impact of the removal of ionophore coccidiostats from UK production suggest the annual cost to the broiler sector would be between £68.02-£109.95 million and result in an additional 84,000 tonnes CO2 e being produced per annum. Any cost increase would make this wholesome and affordable animal protein less affordable to poorer sectors of society. Increased greenhouse gas production, demand for water and land as a result of less efficient production will impact on climate change targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Daniel Parker
- Slate Hall Veterinary Practice, Unit 28 Moorlands Trading Estate, Metheringham, Lincs, UK
| | | | - Jason Gittins
- ADAS Agriculture and Land Management Group, Helsby, UK
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11
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Burkin MA, Galvidis IA. Simultaneous immunodetection of ionophore antibiotics, salinomycin and narasin, in poultry products and milk. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2021; 13:1550-1558. [PMID: 33861252 DOI: 10.1039/d0ay02309d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Rabbit polyclonal antibodies were generated against the ionophore antibiotic salinomycin (SAL) as a determinant of the BSA-SAL conjugate. The homologous ELISA format was found to be preferred for similar recognition of SAL and narasin (NAR) with IC50 values of 0.55 and 0.57 ng mL-1, respectively. Both analytes could be determined in the range of 0.1-2.7 ng mL-1 (IC20-IC80) with a detection limit of 0.03 ng mL-1. To analyze matrices, individual pretreatment of samples was required. For chicken muscles, simple buffer extraction was sufficient to recover 87-110% of ionophores. Extraction with acetonitrile followed by evaporation of the solvent was best for recovering 67-108% SAL and NAR from egg homogenate. A feature of the extraction of ionophores from milk was the elimination of fat-mediated interference by organic solvation. It was found that the absence of Na+ and K+ ions during reconstitution of sample extracts was a key factor contributing to the increase in the average recovery of ionophores from 32% to 93%. Thanks to this special pretreatment and improved recovery, the developed immunoassay method was suitable for the analysis of ionophore antibiotics SAL and NAR in a milk matrix, which has not been previously reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maksim A Burkin
- Mechnikov Research Institute for Vaccines and Sera, Moscow 105064, Russia.
| | - Inna A Galvidis
- Mechnikov Research Institute for Vaccines and Sera, Moscow 105064, Russia.
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