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Yang J, Yao FH, Xu SF, Shi JY, Li XY, Yi XX, Gao CH. Mauritone A, a new polyketide from a fungal-bacterial symbiont Aspergillus spelaeus GXIMD 04541/ Sphingomonas echinoides GXIMD 04532. Nat Prod Res 2024:1-6. [PMID: 38980006 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2024.2377313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
A new polyketide, mauritone A (1) with six known polyketides curvulone B (2), curvularin (3), 12-oxocurvularin (4), (10E,15S)-10,11-dehydrocurvularin (5), (11R,15S)-11-hydroxycurvularin (6), and (11S,15S)-11-hydroxycurvularin (7) were isolated from the fungal-bacterial symbiont Aspergillus spelaeus GXIMD 04541/Sphingomonas echinoides GXIMD 04532 derived from Mauritia arabica. Their structures were elucidated by extensive spectral analysis. All compounds (1-7) were evaluated for their anti-inflammatory effects. The inhibitory effects of 4, 5, and 7 on nitric oxide (NO) production were found to be significant, with IC50 values of 5.5 ± 0.26, 2.0 ± 0.31, and 8.3 ± 0.62 μM, respectively, surpassing that of the positive control quercetin (10.6 ± 0.64 μM). Compounds 3 and 6 exhibited moderate inhibition of NO, with IC50 values of 18.6 ± 0.53 and 12.7 ± 0.45 μM, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yang
- Institute of Marine Drugs, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Fei-Hua Yao
- Institute of Marine Drugs, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Shu-Fen Xu
- Institute of Marine Drugs, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Jie-Yu Shi
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Li
- Institute of Marine Drugs, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Xiang-Xi Yi
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Cheng-Hai Gao
- Institute of Marine Drugs, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
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Nicoletti R, Russo E, Becchimanzi A. Cladosporium-Insect Relationships. J Fungi (Basel) 2024; 10:78. [PMID: 38276024 PMCID: PMC10820778 DOI: 10.3390/jof10010078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The range of interactions between Cladosporium, a ubiquitous fungal genus, and insects, a class including about 60% of the animal species, is extremely diverse. The broad case history of antagonism and mutualism connecting Cladosporium and insects is reviewed in this paper based on the examination of the available literature. Certain strains establish direct interactions with pests or beneficial insects or indirectly influence them through their endophytic development in plants. Entomopathogenicity is often connected to the production of toxic secondary metabolites, although there is a case where these compounds have been reported to favor pollinator attraction, suggesting an important role in angiosperm reproduction. Other relationships include mycophagy, which, on the other hand, may reflect an ecological advantage for these extremely adaptable fungi using insects as carriers for spreading in the environment. Several Cladosporium species colonize insect structures, such as galleries of ambrosia beetles, leaf rolls of attelabid weevils and galls formed by cecidomyid midges, playing a still uncertain symbiotic role. Finally, the occurrence of Cladosporium in the gut of several insect species has intriguing implications for pest management, also considering that some strains have proven to be able to degrade insecticides. These interactions especially deserve further investigation to understand the impact of these fungi on pest control measures and strategies to preserve beneficial insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosario Nicoletti
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Center for Olive, Fruit and Citrus Crops, 81100 Caserta, Italy
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy; (E.R.); (A.B.)
| | - Elia Russo
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy; (E.R.); (A.B.)
| | - Andrea Becchimanzi
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy; (E.R.); (A.B.)
- BAT Center—Interuniversity Center for Studies on Bioinspired Agro-Environmental Technology, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy
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Liu W, Li E, Liu L, Tian F, Luo X, Cai Y, Wang J, Jin X. Antifungal activity of compounds from Gordonia sp. WA8-44 isolated from the gut of Periplaneta americana and molecular docking studies. Heliyon 2023; 9:e17777. [PMID: 37539250 PMCID: PMC10395128 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Invasive fungal infections are on the rise, leading to a continuous demand for antifungal antibiotics. Rare actinomycetes have been shown to contain a variety of interesting compounds worth exploring. In this study, 15 strains of rare actinobacterium Gordonia were isolated from the gut of Periplaneta americana and screened for their anti-fungal activity against four human pathogenic fungi. Strain WA8-44 was found to exhibit significant anti-fungal activity and was selected for bioactive compound production, separation, purification, and characterization. Three anti-fungal compounds, Collismycin A, Actinomycin D, and Actinomycin X2, were isolated from the fermentation broth of Gordonia strain WA8-44. Of these, Collismycin A was isolated and purified from the secondary metabolites of Gordonia for the first time, and its anti-filamentous fungi activity was firstly identified in this study. Molecular docking was carried out to determine their hypothetical binding affinities against nine target proteins of Candida albicans. Chitin Synthase 2 was found to be the most preferred antimicrobial protein target for Collismycin A, while 1,3-Beta-Glucanase was the most preferred anti-fungal protein target for Actinomycin D and Actinomycin X2. ADMET prediction revealed that Collismycin A has favorable oral bioavailability and little toxicity, making it a potential candidate for development as an orally active medication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbin Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Ertong Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Lingyan Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Medical College, Xi'an 710300, PR China
| | - Fangyuan Tian
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Xiongming Luo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Yanqu Cai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Jie Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Xiaobao Jin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
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Kong K, Huang Z, Shi S, Pan W, Zhang Y. Diversity, antibacterial and phytotoxic activities of culturable endophytic fungi from Pinellia pedatisecta and Pinellia ternata. BMC Microbiol 2023; 23:30. [PMID: 36707757 PMCID: PMC9883868 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-022-02741-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endophytic fungi of medicinal plants, as special microorganisms, are important sources of antibacterial compounds. However, the diversity and antibacterial activity of endophytic fungi from Pinellia Tenore have not been systematically studied. RESULTS A total of 77 fungi were isolated from roots, stems, leaves, and tubers of Pinellia ternata and P. pedatisecta. All fungi were belonged to five classes and twenty-five different genera. Biological activities tests indicated that 21 extracts of endophytic fungi exhibited antibacterial activities against at least one of the tested bacteria, and 22 fermentation broth of endophytic fungi showed strong phytotoxic activity against Echinochloa crusgalli with the inhibition rate of 100%. Furthermore, four compounds, including alternariol monomethyl ether (1), alternariol (2), dehydroaltenusin (3) and altertoxin II (4), and three compounds, including terreic acid (5), terremutin (6), citrinin (7), were isolated from Alternaria angustiovoidea PT09 of P. ternata and Aspergillus floccosus PP39 of P. pedatisecta, respectively. Compound 5 exhibited strong antibacterial activities against Escherichia coli, Micrococcus tetragenus, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae with the inhibition zone diameter (IZD) of 36.0, 31.0, 33.7, 40.2 mm and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 1.56, 3.13, 1.56, 1.56 μg/mL respectively, which were better than or equal to those of positive gentamicin sulfate. The metabolite 7 also exhibited strong antibacterial activity against P. syringae pv. actinidiae with the IZD of 26.0 mm and MIC value of 6.25 μg/mL. In addition, the compound 7 had potent phytotoxic activity against E. crusgalli with the inhibition rate of 73.4% at the concentration of 100 μg/mL. CONCLUSIONS Hence, this study showed that endophytic fungi of P. ternata and P. pedatisecta held promise for the development of new antibiotic and herbicide resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Kong
- grid.411389.60000 0004 1760 4804School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036 China
| | - Zhongdi Huang
- grid.411389.60000 0004 1760 4804School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036 China
| | - Shuping Shi
- grid.411389.60000 0004 1760 4804School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036 China
| | - Weidong Pan
- grid.413458.f0000 0000 9330 9891State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550014 China
| | - Yinglao Zhang
- grid.411389.60000 0004 1760 4804School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036 China
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Cui P, Wu H, Jiang T, Tao J, Zhu Z, Liu P, Yu L, Zhang Y. Diversity and antibacterial potential of the Actinobacteria associated with Apis mellifera ligustica. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1056176. [PMID: 36590398 PMCID: PMC9800615 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1056176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Insect-associated Actinobacteria are a potentially rich source of novel natural products with antibacterial activity. Here, the community composition of Actinobacteria associated with Apis mellifera ligustica was investigated by integrated culture-dependent and independent methods. A total of 61 strains of Streptomyces genera were isolated from the honeycomb, larva, and different anatomical parts of the honeybee's body using the culture-dependent method. Amplicon sequencing analyses revealed that the actinobacterial communities were dominated by the family of Bifidobacteriaceae and Microbacteriaceae in the honeybee gut, and Nocardiaceae and Pseudonocardiaceae in the honeycomb, whereas only Streptomyces genera were isolated by the culture-dependent method. Culture-independent analyses showed more diverse actinobacterial communities than those of culture-dependent methods. The antibacterial bioassay showed that most crude extracts of representative isolates exhibited antibacterial activities. Among them, the crude extract of Streptomyces sp. FCF01 showed the best antibacterial activities against Staphylococcus aureus, Micrococcus tetragenus, and Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae (Psa) with the disc diameter of inhibition zone diameter (IZD) of 23.00, 15.00, and 13.33 mm, respectively. Chemical analysis of Streptomyces sp. FCF01 led to the isolation of three secondary metabolites, including mayamycin (1), mayamycin B (2), and N-(2-Hydroxyphenyl) acetamide (3). Among them, compound 1 displayed strong antibacterial activity against S. aureus, M. tetragenus, and Psa with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) values of 6.25, 12.5, and 6.25 μg/ml, respectively. In addition, two novel derivative compounds 1a and 1b were synthesized by acetylation of compound 1. Both compounds 1a and 1b displayed similar antibacterial activities with those of metabolite 1. These results indicated that Streptomyces species associated with honeybees had great potential in finding antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pu Cui
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Haoyang Wu
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Taoshan Jiang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Jian Tao
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Zhiwei Zhu
- School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Peng Liu
- School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Linsheng Yu
- School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Yinglao Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China,*Correspondence: Yinglao Zhang,
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Yong D, Li Y, Gong K, Yu Y, Zhao S, Duan Q, Ren C, Li A, Fu J, Ni J, Zhang Y, Li R. Biocontrol of strawberry gray mold caused by Botrytis cinerea with the termite associated Streptomyces sp. sdu1201 and actinomycin D. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1051730. [PMID: 36406410 PMCID: PMC9674021 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1051730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Strawberry gray mold caused by Botrytis cinerea is one of the most severe diseases in pre- and post-harvest periods. Although fungicides have been an effective way to control this disease, they can cause serious “3R” problems (Resistance, Resurgence and Residue). In this study, Streptomyces sp. sdu1201 isolated from the hindgut of the fungus-growing termite Odontotermes formosanus revealed significant antifungal activity against B. cinerea. Four compounds (1–4) were isolated from Streptomyces sp. sdu1201 and further identified as actinomycins by the HRMS and 1D NMR data. Among them, actinomycin D had the strongest inhibitory activity against B. cinerea with the EC50 value of 7.65 μg mL−1. The control effect of actinomycin D on strawberry gray mold was also tested on fruits and leaves in vitro, and its control efficiency on leaves was 78.77% at 3 d. Moreover, actinomycin D can also inhibit the polarized growth of germ tubes of B. cinerea. Therefore, Streptomyces sp. sdu1201 and actinomycin D have great potential to gray mold as biocontrol agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daojing Yong
- Helmholtz International Lab for Anti-Infectives, Shandong University-Helmholtz Institute of Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
- Qingdao Zhongda Agritech Co., Ltd., Qingdao, China
| | - Yue Li
- Helmholtz International Lab for Anti-Infectives, Shandong University-Helmholtz Institute of Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Kai Gong
- Helmholtz International Lab for Anti-Infectives, Shandong University-Helmholtz Institute of Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yingying Yu
- Qingdao Zhongda Agritech Co., Ltd., Qingdao, China
| | - Shuai Zhao
- Qingdao Zhongda Agritech Co., Ltd., Qingdao, China
| | - Qiong Duan
- Helmholtz International Lab for Anti-Infectives, Shandong University-Helmholtz Institute of Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Cailing Ren
- Helmholtz International Lab for Anti-Infectives, Shandong University-Helmholtz Institute of Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Aiying Li
- Helmholtz International Lab for Anti-Infectives, Shandong University-Helmholtz Institute of Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jun Fu
- Helmholtz International Lab for Anti-Infectives, Shandong University-Helmholtz Institute of Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jinfeng Ni
- Helmholtz International Lab for Anti-Infectives, Shandong University-Helmholtz Institute of Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
- *Correspondence: Jinfeng Ni,
| | - Youming Zhang
- Helmholtz International Lab for Anti-Infectives, Shandong University-Helmholtz Institute of Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- Youming Zhang,
| | - Ruijuan Li
- Helmholtz International Lab for Anti-Infectives, Shandong University-Helmholtz Institute of Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
- Ruijuan Li,
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Cui P, Liu L, Huang Z, Shi S, Kong K, Zhang Y. Diversity, antibacterial activity and chemical analyses of gut-associated fungi isolated from the Crocothemis servilia. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:970990. [PMID: 36187943 PMCID: PMC9523248 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.970990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Insect-associated fungi are a potentially rich source of novel natural products with antibacterial activity. Here, we investigated the community composition and phylogenetic diversity of gut-associated fungi of the dragonfly (Crocothemis Servilia) using a combination of culture-dependent and culture-independent methods. A total of 42 fungal isolates were obtained from the guts of the dragonfly, which belonged to four classes and thirteen different genera. Amplicon sequencing analyses revealed that the fungal communities were more diverse, and a total of 136 genera were identified and dominated by the genera Wojnowiciella and Phoma. The antibacterial bioassay showed that five fungal crude extracts of representative isolates have shown antibacterial activities. Among them, the extract of Phoma sp. QTH17 showed the best antibacterial activities against Escherichia coli, Micrococcus tetragenus, and Staphylococcus aureus with the disc diameter of inhibition zone diameter (IZD) of 6.50, 10.80, and 8.70 mm, respectively. Chemical analysis of Phoma sp. QTH17 led to the discovery of five known compounds, including ergosterol (1), 3-Chlorogentisyl alcohol (2), epoxydon (3), epoxydon 6-methylsalicylate ester (4) and mannitol (5). Among them, the compound 3 exhibited potent antibacterial activities against E. coli, M. tetragenus, and S. aureus with the IZD of 7.00, 14.00, and 12.50 mm, respectively, which were slightly weaker than those of the positive gentamicin sulfate with the IZD of 11.13, 18.30, and 12.13 mm, respectively. In conclusion, our results confirmed that the diversity of gut-associated fungi of C. Servilia could be expected to explore the resource of new species and antibacterial substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pu Cui
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Lijun Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Zhongdi Huang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Shuping Shi
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Kun Kong
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Yinglao Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- *Correspondence: Yinglao Zhang,
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Cui P, Kong K, Yao Y, Huang Z, Shi S, Liu P, Huang Y, Abbas N, Yu L, Zhang Y. Community composition, bacterial symbionts, antibacterial and antioxidant activities of honeybee-associated fungi. BMC Microbiol 2022; 22:168. [PMID: 35761187 PMCID: PMC9235140 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-022-02580-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Fungi associated with insects represent one potentially rich source for the discovery of novel metabolites. However, a comprehensive understanding of the fungal communities of Apis mellifera ligustica remains elusive. Results Here, we investigated the phylogenetic diversity and community composition of honeybee-associated fungi using combination of culture-dependent and culture-independent approaches. A total of forty-five fungi were isolated and purified from the Apis mellifera ligustica, royal jelly, and honeycomb, which belonged to four classes and eleven different genera. Furthermore, 28 bacterial 16S rRNA gene sequences were obtained by PCR from the fungal metagenome. High-throughput sequencing analyses revealed that the fungal communities were more diverse, a total of 62 fungal genera were detected in the honeybee gut by culture-independent method, whereas only 4 genera were isolated by culture-dependent method. Similarly, 247 fungal genera were detected in the honeycomb, whereas only 4 genera were isolated. In addition, we assessed the antibacterial and antioxidant activities of fungal isolates. Most fungal crude extracts obtained from the cultivation supernatant exhibited antioxidant activities. Only two fungal crude extracts displayed moderate activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Chemical analysis of Chaetomium subaffine MFFC22 led to the discovery of three known compounds, including cochliodinol (1), emodin (2), chrysophanol (3). Among them, cochliodinol (1) showed intense DPPH radical scavenging activity with the 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 3.06 μg/mL, which was comparable to that of the positive ascorbic acid (IC50 = 2.25 μg/mL). Compound 2 displayed weak inhibitory activities against Micrococcus tetragenus and S. aureus. Conclusions This research provided a fundamental clue for the complex interactions among honeybees, fungi, bacterial symbionts, and the effects on the honeybee. Furthermore, the diversity of honeybee-associated fungi had great potential in finding the resource of new species and antioxidants. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12866-022-02580-4.
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9
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Long Y, Zhang Y, Huang F, Liu S, Gao T, Zhang Y. Diversity and antimicrobial activities of culturable actinomycetes from Odontotermes formosanus (Blattaria: Termitidae). BMC Microbiol 2022; 22:80. [PMID: 35337263 PMCID: PMC8951712 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-022-02501-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Actinomycetes are important microbes, and they are very important for developing active substances for useful drugs. Actinomycetes are numerous inhabitants, and they are widely distributed in the nest of fungus-growing termites. Previously, we isolated and purified numerous actinomycetes from the combs of Odontotermes formosanus and obtained a variety of valuable natural products. RESULTS Here, we isolated and purified actinomycetes from fungus-growing termite Odontotermes formosanus using medium-based cultures. Among the eight media tested, M7 and I-HV media were found suitable for isolating actinomycetes. Further, 84 actinomycetes, including 79 Streptomyces isolates, were isolated and purified from O. formosanus and its combs, which belong to four genera (Streptomyces, Kribbella, Amycolatopsis, and Cellulosimicrobium). Then, the type and quantity of actinomycetes were positively correlated with the activity range of termites. Twenty-two actinomycetes strains showed antimicrobial activities. Among them, the BYF18, BYF48, BYF70, and BYF106 strains exhibited antifungal activities against five pathogenic fungi, with zone of inhibition (ZOI) values ranging from 3 to 21 mm. Grincamycin N was isolated and purified from the metabolites of Streptomyces lannensis (BYF106), and it displayed antibacterial activities against Staphylococcus aureus (ZOI = 13.82 ± 0.52 mm) and Micrococcus tetragenus (ZOI = 17.6 ± 0.5 mm) (gentamycin sulfate, as the positive control, had ZOI values of 19.9 ± 0.5 mm and 30.83 ± 0.75 mm, against S. aureus and M. tetragenus, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Our results confirmed that the actinomycetes associated with O. formosanus are important sources of new active substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhua Long
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Fang Huang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Song Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Tian Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Yinglao Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China.
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Sayed R, Safwat NA, Amin BH, Yosri M. Study of the dual biological impacts of aqueous extracts of normal and gamma-irradiated Galleria mellonella larvae. J Taibah Univ Med Sci 2022; 17:765-773. [PMID: 36050949 PMCID: PMC9396055 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtumed.2021.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Galleria mellonella assimilates beeswax using many gut enzymes; however, high doses of gamma radiation have been used to eradicate such pests, affecting its life cycle. In vitro studies of irradiated extracts of G. mellonella against bacterial species as well as three tumour cell lines are demonstrated in the present study. The antibacterial and antitumour effects are compared with those of the non-irradiated Galleria mellonella larval extract. Methods The effect of different dose levels of gamma irradiation, ranging from 2 to 8 Gy, was tested on G. mellonella lipase, protease, and acid phosphate activities. The antimicrobial activity of un-irradiated and irradiated G. mellonella larval extracts was tested against different gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria and some fungi. The antitumour action was tested against different tumour cell lines. A cytotoxicity assay was performed on normal and irradiated larval extracts against normal human lung fibroblast cells. A microscopic examination of Streptococcus mutants and HepG-2 was performed using transmission and scanning electron microscopy. Results Optimum results were obtained at 6 Gy, which enhanced maximum enzymatic activity. Maximum antimicrobial activity was obtained against Streptococcus mutants with MIC 31.25 μg/ml at a dose of 6 Gy. A microscopic examination depicted an apoptotic process for irradiated G. mellonella larvae with either Streptococcus mutants or HepG-2. Conclusion The present study shows a synergistic relationship between the G. mellonella larval extract and a 6 Gy radiation dose for further biomedical applications.
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11
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Bulmer MS, Stefano AM. Termite eusociality and contrasting selective pressure on social and innate immunity. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00265-021-03090-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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12
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Wu CY, Meng J, Merchant A, Zhang YX, Li MW, Zhou XG, Wang Q. Microbial Response to Fungal Infection in a Fungus-Growing Termite, Odontotermes formosanus (Shiraki). Front Microbiol 2021; 12:723508. [PMID: 34880836 PMCID: PMC8645866 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.723508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The crosstalk between gut microbiota and host immunity has emerged as one of the research foci of microbiome studies in recent years. The purpose of this study was to determine how gut microbes respond to fungal infection in termites, given their reliance on gut symbionts for food intake as well as maintaining host health. Here, we used Metarhizium robertsii, an entomopathogenic fungus, to infect Odontotermes formosanus, a fungus-growing termite in the family Termitidae, and documented changes in host gut microbiota via a combination of bacterial 16S rDNA sequencing, metagenomic shotgun sequencing, and transmission electron microscopy. Our analyses found that when challenged with Metarhizium, the termite gut showed reduced microbial diversity within the first 12 h of fungal infection and then recovered and even surpassed pre-infection flora levels. These combined results shed light on the role of gut flora in maintaining homeostasis and immune homeostasis in the host, and the impact of gut flora dysbiosis on host susceptibility to infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Yu Wu
- Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Jing Meng
- Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Austin Merchant
- Department of Entomology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Yi-Xiang Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mu-Wang Li
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Xu-Guo Zhou
- Department of Entomology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Qian Wang
- Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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13
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Ma Y, Xu M, Liu H, Yu T, Guo P, Liu W, Jin X. Antimicrobial compounds were isolated from the secondary metabolites of Gordonia, a resident of intestinal tract of Periplaneta americana. AMB Express 2021; 11:111. [PMID: 34331149 PMCID: PMC8324697 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-021-01272-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Gordonia sp. are members of the actinomycete family, their contribution to the environment improvement and environmental protection by their biological degradation ability, but there are few studies on the antimicrobial activity of their secondary metabolites. Our team isolated and purified an actinomycete WA 4-31 from the intestinal tract of Periplaneta americana, firstly identified the strain WA 4-31 by the morphological characteristics and the phylogenetic analyses, and found it was completely homologous to the strain of Gordonia terrae from the Indian desert. Meanwhile, actinomycin D (1), actinomycin X2 (2), mojavensin A (3) and cyclic (leucine-leucne) dipeptide (4) were obtained from the EtOAc extract from the broth of WA 4-31. Compounds 1–4 showed anti-fungus activities against Candida albicans, Aspergillus niger, A. fumigatus and Trichophyton rubrum, also anti-MRSA and inhibited Escherichia coli in different degree. Interestingly, we found when 3 was mixed with 4 with ratio of 1:1, the activity of the mixture on anti-Candida albicans was better than the single. Besides, compounds 1–3 had varying degrees of antiproliferative activities on CNE-2 and HepG-2 cell lines. These indicated that Gordonia rare actinomycete from the intestinal tract of Periplaneta americana possessed a potential as a source of active secondary metabolites.
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An Overview of Antimicrobial Compounds from African Edible Insects and Their Associated Microbiota. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10060621. [PMID: 34067471 PMCID: PMC8224635 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10060621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The need for easily biodegradable and less toxic chemicals in drug development and pest control continues to fuel the exploration and discovery of new natural molecules. Like certain plants, some insects can also respond rapidly to microbial infections by producing a plethora of immune-induced molecules that include antibacterial and antifungal peptides/polypeptides (AMPs), among other structurally diverse small molecules. The recent recognition that new natural product-derived scaffolds are urgently needed to tackle life-threatening pathogenic infections has been prompted by the health threats posed by multidrug resistance. Although many researchers have concentrated on the discovery of AMPs, surprisingly, edible insect-produced AMPs/small molecules have received little attention. This review will discuss the recent advances in the identification and bioactivity analysis of insect AMPs, with a focus on small molecules associated with the microbiota of selected African edible insects. These molecules could be used as templates for developing next-generation drugs to combat multidrug-resistant pathogens.
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15
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Li J, Sang M, Jiang Y, Wei J, Shen Y, Huang Q, Li Y, Ni J. Polyene-Producing Streptomyces spp. From the Fungus-Growing Termite Macrotermes barneyi Exhibit High Inhibitory Activity Against the Antagonistic Fungus Xylaria. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:649962. [PMID: 33868208 PMCID: PMC8047067 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.649962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Fungus-growing termites are engaged in a tripartite mutualism with intestinal microbes and a monocultivar (Termitomyces sp.) in the fungus garden. The termites are often plagued by entomopathogen (Metarhizium anisopliae) and fungus garden is always threatened by competitors (Xylaria spp.). Here, we aim to understand the defensive role of intestinal microbes, the actinomycetes which were isolated from the gut of Macrotermes barneyi. We obtained 44 antifungal isolates, which showed moderate to strong inhibition to Xylaria sp. HPLC analysis indicated that different types of polyenes (tetraene, pentene, and heptaene) existed in the metabolites of 10 strong antifungal Streptomyces strains. Two pentene macrolides (pentamycin and 1′14-dihydroxyisochainin) were firstly purified from Streptomyces strain HF10, both exhibiting higher activity against Xylaria sp. and M. anisopliae than cultivar Termitomyces. Subsequently, tetraene and heptaene related gene disruption assay showed that the mutant strains lost the ability to produce corresponding polyenes, and they also had significantly decreased activities against Xylaria sp. and M. anisopliae compared to that of wild type strains. These results indicate that polyene-producing Streptomyces from the guts of M. barneyi have strong inhibition to competitor fungus and polyenes contribute to inhibitory effects on Xylaria sp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Microbial Technology Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Moli Sang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Microbial Technology Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yutong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Microbial Technology Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jianhua Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Microbial Technology Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yulong Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Microbial Technology Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Qihong Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Microbial Technology Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yaoyao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Microbial Technology Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao, China.,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jinfeng Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Microbial Technology Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
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16
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Liu M, Zhao X, Li X, Wu X, Zhou H, Gao Y, Zhang X, Zhou F. Antagonistic Effects of Delia antiqua (Diptera: Anthomyiidae)-Associated Bacteria Against Four Phytopathogens. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2021; 114:597-610. [PMID: 33547790 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toab002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have revealed multiple roles of insect-associated microbes such as lignin degradation, entomopathogen inhibition, and antibiotic production. These functions improve insect host fitness, and provide a novel source of discovering beneficial microbes for industrial and agricultural production. Previously published research found that in the symbiosis formed by the dipteran pest Delia antiqua (Meigen) (Diptera: Anthomyiidae) and its associated bacteria, the bacteria showed effective inhibition of one fungal entomopathogen, Beauveria bassiana. The antifungal activity of those associated bacteria indicates their potential to be used as biocontrol agents for fungal phytopathogens. In this study, we first isolated and identified bacteria associated with D. antiqua using a culture-dependent method. Second, we tested the antifungal activity of these bacteria against four phytopathogens including Fusarium moniliforme, Botryosphaeria dothidea, and two Fusarium oxysporum strains using the dual-culture method. In total, 74 species belonging to 30 genera, 23 families, eight classes, and four phyla were isolated and identified. Among those bacteria, Ochrobactrum anthropi, Morganella morganii, Arthrobacter sp. 3, and Acinetobacter guillouiae showed significant volatile inhibition activity against F. moniliforme, B. dothidea, and both F. oxysporum, respectively. Moreover, bacteria including Rhodococcus equi, Leucobacter aridicollis, Paenibacillus sp. 3, and Lampropedia sp. showed significant contact inhibition activity against F. moniliforme, B. dothidea, and both F. oxysporum. Our work provides a new source for discovering biocontrol agents against phytopathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Ecology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Ji'nan, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhao
- Ecology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Ji'nan, China
| | | | - Xiaoqing Wu
- Ecology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Ji'nan, China
| | - Hongzi Zhou
- Ecology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Ji'nan, China
| | - Yunxiao Gao
- Ecology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Ji'nan, China
| | - Xinjian Zhang
- Ecology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Ji'nan, China
| | - Fangyuan Zhou
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Ecology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Ji'nan, China
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17
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Khan B, Zhao S, Wang Z, Ye Y, Ahmed Rajput N, Yan W. Eremophilane Sesquiterpenes and Benzene Derivatives from the Endophyte Microdiplodia sp. WGHS5. Chem Biodivers 2021; 18:e2000949. [PMID: 33645910 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202000949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Three new eremophilane sesquiterpenes phomadecalins G-I (1-3) and two new benzene derivatives microdiplzenes A and B (12 and 13), together with nine known eremophilane sesquiterpenes (4-11 and 14) were isolated from an endophytic fungus, Microdiplodia sp. WGHS5. Their structures were elucidated by the interpretation of HR-ESI-MS and NMR data; meanwhile, the absolute configurations of new compounds were determined on the base of ECD calculations. All compounds were evaluated for the antimicrobial activities and antiproliferative effect on human gastric cancer cell lines (BGC-823).
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Affiliation(s)
- Babar Khan
- College of Plant Protection, State and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, 210095, P. R. China
| | - Shuangshuang Zhao
- College of Plant Protection, State and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, 210095, P. R. China
| | - Zhiyang Wang
- College of Plant Protection, State and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, 210095, P. R. China
| | - Yonghao Ye
- College of Plant Protection, State and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, 210095, P. R. China
| | - Nasir Ahmed Rajput
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Wei Yan
- College of Plant Protection, State and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, 210095, P. R. China
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