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Zhang S, Tang S, Liu Z, Lv H, Cai X, Zhong R, Chen L, Zhang H. Baicalin restore intestinal damage after early-life antibiotic therapy: the role of the MAPK signaling pathway. Pharmacol Res 2024; 204:107194. [PMID: 38663526 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/30/2024]
Abstract
Antibiotic related intestinal injury in early life affects subsequent health and susceptibility. Here, we employed weaned piglets as a model to investigate the protective effects of baicalin against early-life antibiotic exposure-induced microbial dysbiosis. Piglets exposed to lincomycin showed a marked reduction in body weight (p < 0.05) and deterioration of jejunum intestinal morphology, alongside an increase in antibiotic-resistant bacteria such as Staphylococcus, Dolosicoccus, Escherichia-Shigella, and Raoultella. In contrast, baicalin treatment resulted in body weights, intestinal morphology, and microbial profiles that closely resembled those of the control group (p > 0.05), with a significant increase in norank_f_Muribaculaceae and Prevotellaceae_NK3B31_group colonization compared with lincomycin group (p < 0.05). Further analysis through fecal microbial transplantation into mice revealed that lincomycin exposure led to significant alterations in intestinal morphology and microbial composition, notably increasing harmful microbes and decreasing beneficial ones such as norank_Muribaculaceae and Akkermansia (p < 0.05). This shift was associated with an increase in harmful metabolites and disruption of the calcium signaling pathway gene expression. Conversely, baicalin supplementation not only counteracted these effects but also enhanced beneficial metabolites and regulated genes within the MAPK signaling pathway (MAP3K11, MAP4K2, MAPK7, MAPK13) and calcium channel proteins (ORA13, CACNA1S, CACNA1F and CACNG8), suggesting a mechanism through which baicalin mitigates antibiotic-induced intestinal and microbial disturbances. These findings highlight baicalin's potential as a plant extract-based intervention for preventing antibiotic-related intestinal injury and offer new targets for therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunfen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shanlong Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhengqun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Breeding and Biotechnology, Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Animal Healthy Farming, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary, Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tianjin 300381, China
| | - Huiyuan Lv
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Beijing Centre Biology Co., Ltd., Daxing District, Beijing 102218, China
| | - Xueying Cai
- Department of Critical Care, Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Ruqing Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Liang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Hongfu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
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Yuu EY, Bührer C, Eckmanns T, Fulde M, Herz M, Kurzai O, Lindstedt C, Panagiotou G, Piro VC, Radonic A, Renard BY, Reuss A, Siliceo SL, Thielemann N, Thürmer A, Vorst KV, Wieler LH, Haller S. The gut microbiome, resistome, and mycobiome in preterm newborn infants and mouse pups: lack of lasting effects by antimicrobial therapy or probiotic prophylaxis. Gut Pathog 2024; 16:27. [PMID: 38735967 PMCID: PMC11089716 DOI: 10.1186/s13099-024-00616-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Enhancing our understanding of the underlying influences of medical interventions on the microbiome, resistome and mycobiome of preterm born infants holds significant potential for advancing infection prevention and treatment strategies. We conducted a prospective quasi-intervention study to better understand how antibiotics, and probiotics, and other medical factors influence the gut development of preterm infants. A controlled neonatal mice model was conducted in parallel, designed to closely reflect and predict exposures. Preterm infants and neonatal mice were stratified into four groups: antibiotics only, probiotics only, antibiotics followed by probiotics, and none of these interventions. Stool samples from both preterm infants and neonatal mice were collected at varying time points and analyzed by 16 S rRNA amplicon sequencing, ITS amplicon sequencing and whole genome shotgun sequencing. RESULTS The human infant microbiomes showed an unexpectedly high degree of heterogeneity. Little impact from medical exposure (antibiotics/probiotics) was observed on the strain patterns, however, Bifidobacterium bifidum was found more abundant after exposure to probiotics, regardless of prior antibiotic administration. Twenty-seven antibiotic resistant genes were identified in the resistome. High intra-variability was evident within the different treatment groups. Lastly, we found significant effects of antibiotics and probiotics on the mycobiome but not on the microbiome and resistome of preterm infants. CONCLUSIONS Although our analyses showed transient effects, these results provide positive motivation to continue the research on the effects of medical interventions on the microbiome, resistome and mycobiome of preterm infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Y Yuu
- Data Analytics & Computational Statistics, Hasso Plattner Institute, University of Potsdam, Prof.-Dr.-Helmert-Straße 2-3, 14482 , Potsdam, Germany
| | | | | | - Marcus Fulde
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michaela Herz
- Institute for Hygiene and Microbiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Oliver Kurzai
- Institute for Hygiene and Microbiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Department of Microbiome Dynamics, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology - Hans Knöll Institute, Beutenbergstraße 11A, 07745 , Jena, Germany
| | | | - Gianni Panagiotou
- Department of Microbiome Dynamics, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology - Hans Knöll Institute, Beutenbergstraße 11A, 07745 , Jena, Germany
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University, 07745, Jena, Germany
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Vitor C Piro
- Data Analytics & Computational Statistics, Hasso Plattner Institute, University of Potsdam, Prof.-Dr.-Helmert-Straße 2-3, 14482 , Potsdam, Germany
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Bernhard Y Renard
- Data Analytics & Computational Statistics, Hasso Plattner Institute, University of Potsdam, Prof.-Dr.-Helmert-Straße 2-3, 14482 , Potsdam, Germany
| | - Annicka Reuss
- Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
- Ministry of Justice and Health, Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel , Germany
| | - Sara Leal Siliceo
- Department of Microbiome Dynamics, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology - Hans Knöll Institute, Beutenbergstraße 11A, 07745 , Jena, Germany
| | - Nadja Thielemann
- Institute for Hygiene and Microbiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | | | - Kira van Vorst
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lothar H Wieler
- Data Analytics & Computational Statistics, Hasso Plattner Institute, University of Potsdam, Prof.-Dr.-Helmert-Straße 2-3, 14482 , Potsdam, Germany
- Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
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3
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Hoskinson C, Medeleanu MV, Reyna ME, Dai DLY, Chowdhury B, Moraes TJ, Mandhane PJ, Simons E, Kozyrskyj AL, Azad MB, Petersen C, Turvey SE, Subbarao P. Antibiotics taken within the first year of life are linked to infant gut microbiome disruption and elevated atopic dermatitis risk. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2024:S0091-6749(24)00409-3. [PMID: 38670232 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2024.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atopic dermatitis (AD) is the most common chronic inflammatory skin disease in both pediatric and adult populations. The development of AD has been linked to antibiotic usage, which causes perturbation of the microbiome and has been associated with abnormal immune system function. However, imbalances in the gut microbiome itself associated with antibiotic usage have been inconsistently linked to AD. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to elucidate the timing and specific factors mediating the relationship between systemic (oral or intravenous) antibiotic usage and AD. METHODS We used statistical modeling and differential analysis to link CHILD Cohort Study participants' history of antibiotic usage and early-life gut microbiome alterations to AD. RESULTS Here we report that systemic antibiotics during the first year of life, as compared to later, are associated with AD risk (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.81; 95% CI: 1.28-2.57; P < .001), with an increased number of antibiotic courses corresponding to a dose response-like increased risk of AD risk (1 course: aOR: 1.67; 95% CI: 1.17-2.38; 2 or more courses: aOR: 2.16; 95% CI: 1.30-3.59). Further, we demonstrate that microbiome alterations associated with both AD and systemic antibiotic usage fully mediate the effect of antibiotic usage on the development of AD (βindirect = 0.072; P < .001). Alterations in the 1-year infant gut microbiome of participants who would later develop AD included increased Tyzzerella nexilis, increased monosaccharide utilization, and parallel decreased Bifidobacterium and Eubacterium spp, and fermentative pathways. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that early-life antibiotic usage, especially in the first year of life, modulates key gut microbiome components that may be used as markers to predict and possibly prevent the development of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney Hoskinson
- Department of Pediatrics, BC Children's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Maria V Medeleanu
- Translational Medicine Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada; Department of Physiology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Myrtha E Reyna
- Translational Medicine Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada; Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Darlene L Y Dai
- Department of Pediatrics, BC Children's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Biswajit Chowdhury
- Translational Medicine Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Theo J Moraes
- Translational Medicine Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | | | - Elinor Simons
- Section of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Anita L Kozyrskyj
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Meghan B Azad
- Section of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; Manitoba Interdisciplinary Lactation Centre, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Charisse Petersen
- Department of Pediatrics, BC Children's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Stuart E Turvey
- Department of Pediatrics, BC Children's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Padmaja Subbarao
- Translational Medicine Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada; Department of Physiology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
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4
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Hao Z, Ding X, Wang J. Effects of gut bacteria and their metabolites on gut health of animals. ADVANCES IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2024; 127:223-252. [PMID: 38763528 DOI: 10.1016/bs.aambs.2024.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
The intestine tract is a vital site for the body to acquire nutrients, serving as the largest immune organ. Intestinal health is crucial for maintaining a normal physiological state. Abundant microorganisms reside in the intestine, colonized in a symbiotic manner. These microorganisms can generate various metabolites that influence host physiological activities. Microbial metabolites serve as signaling molecules or metabolic substrates in the intestine, and some intestinal microorganisms act as probiotics and promote intestinal health. Researches on host, probiotics, microbial metabolites and their interactions are ongoing. This study reviews the effects of gut bacteria and their metabolites on intestinal health to provide useful references for animal husbandry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuang Hao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Xuedong Ding
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Jing Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R. China.
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Joo MK, Shin YJ, Kim DH. Cefaclor causes vagus nerve-mediated depression-like symptoms with gut dysbiosis in mice. Sci Rep 2023; 13:15529. [PMID: 37726354 PMCID: PMC10509198 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-42690-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibiotics are increasingly recognized as causing neuropsychiatric side effects including depression and anxiety. Alterations in central serotonin and 5-HT receptor expression are implicated in the pathogenesis of anxiety and depression, which are highly comorbid with gastrointestinal disorders. Nevertheless, it is still unclear how antibiotics can cause anxiety and depression. In this study, oral administration of cefaclor, a second-generation cephalosporin antibiotic, induced anxiety- and depression-like behaviors and colitis with gut microbiota alteration in mice. Cefaclor reduced serotonin levels and fluctuated 5-HT receptor mRNA expressions such as Htr1a, Htr1b, and Htr6 in the hippocampus. Vagotomy attenuated the cefaclor-induced anxiety- and depression-like symptoms, while the cefaclor-induced changes in gut bacteria alteration and colitis were not affected. Fluoxetine attenuated cefaclor-induced anxiety- and depression-like behaviors. Furthermore, fluoxetine decreased cefaclor-resistant Enterobacteriaceae and Enterococcaceae. Taken together, our findings suggest that the use of antibiotics, particularly, cefaclor may cause gut dysbiosis-dependent anxiety and depression through the microbiota-gut-blood-brain and microbiota-gut-vagus nerve-brain pathway. Targeting antibiotics-resistant pathogenic bacteria may be a promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment of anxiety and depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Kyung Joo
- Neurobiota Research Center and Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Korea
| | - Yoon-Jung Shin
- Neurobiota Research Center and Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Korea
| | - Dong-Hyun Kim
- Neurobiota Research Center and Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Korea.
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6
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Hoedt EC, Hueston CM, Cash N, Bongers RS, Keane JM, van Limpt K, Ben Amor K, Knol J, MacSharry J, van Sinderen D. A synbiotic mixture of selected oligosaccharides and bifidobacteria assists murine gut microbiota restoration following antibiotic challenge. MICROBIOME 2023; 11:168. [PMID: 37528457 PMCID: PMC10394833 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-023-01595-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Typically, animal models studying gastrointestinal microbiotas compromised in early life have employed either germ-free animals or mice treated with a cocktail of antibiotics. Such studies intend to mimic scenarios of infants born by caesarean section and/or subjected to antibiotic treatment. However, the antibiotics used in these studies are rarely prescribed to infants. Therefore, an early life model was developed in which the murine gastrointestinal microbiota was severely disrupted by clindamycin treatment. RESULTS In this mouse model, we investigated the extent supplementation with a synbiotic mixture of prebiotics, being scGOS/lcFOS with the human milk oligosaccharide 2'-Fucosyllactose (2'-FL), in combination with or without single strain or mix of "infant type" bifidobacteria, can rescue an antibiotic-compromised microbiota. Shotgun metagenomic sequencing showed that the microbiota was severely disrupted by the clindamycin challenge. No recovery was observed 3 weeks post-challenge in the scGOS/lcFOS/2'FL group, while the group that received the synbiotic treatment of scGOS/lcFOS/2'-FL with Bifidobacterium breve NRBB01 showed partial recovery. Strikingly in the scGOS/lcFOS/2'-FL group receiving the mixture of bifidobacteria resulted in a recovery of the microbiota disruption. Histological analyses showed that the clindamycin-treated animals at the end of the experiment still suffered from mild oedema and villi/colonic crypt irregularities which was ameliorated by the synbiotic intervention. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrates that supplementation of synbiotic mixture of scGOS/lcFOS/2'-FL in combination with a specific mix of infant-type bifidobacterial strains is able to partially revive an antibiotic-perturbed gastrointestinal microbiota. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily C Hoedt
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Western Road, Cork, Ireland
- Current address: NHMRC CRE in Digestive Health, HMRI, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Cara M Hueston
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Western Road, Cork, Ireland
| | - Nora Cash
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Western Road, Cork, Ireland
| | | | - Jonathan M Keane
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Western Road, Cork, Ireland
| | | | | | - Jan Knol
- Danone Nutricia Research, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - John MacSharry
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Western Road, Cork, Ireland.
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Western Road, Cork, Ireland.
- School of Medicine, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
| | - Douwe van Sinderen
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Western Road, Cork, Ireland.
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Western Road, Cork, Ireland.
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7
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Detection of Colistin Sulfate on Piglet Gastrointestinal Tract Microbiome Alterations. Vet Sci 2022; 9:vetsci9120666. [PMID: 36548827 PMCID: PMC9787881 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9120666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiome exerts important functions on host health maintenance, whereas excessive antibiotic use may cause gut flora dysfunction resulting in serious disease and dysbiosis. Colistin is a broad-spectrum antibiotic with serious resistance phenomena. However, it is unclear whether colistin alters the gastrointestinal tract microbiome in piglets. In this study, 16s rDNA-based metagenome analyses were used to assess the effects of colistin on the modification of the piglet microbiome in the stomach, duodenum, jejunum, cecum, and feces. Both α- and β-diversity indices showed that colistin modified microbiome composition in these gastrointestinal areas. In addition, colistin influenced microbiome composition at the phylum and genus levels. At the species level, colistin upregulated Mycoplasma hyorhinis, Chlamydia trachomatis, Lactobacillus agilis, Weissella paramesenteroides, and Lactobacillus salivarius abundance, but downregulated Actinobacillus indolicus, Campylobacter fetus, Glaesserella parasuis, Moraxella pluranimalium, Veillonella caviae, Neisseria dentiae, and Prevotella disiens abundance in stomachs. Colistin-fed piglets showed an increased abundance of Lactobacillus mucosae, Megasphaera elsdenii DSM 20460, Fibrobacter intestinalis, and Unidentified rumen bacterium 12-7, but Megamonas funiformis, Uncultured Enterobacteriaceae bacterium, Actinobacillus porcinus, Uncultured Bacteroidales bacterium, and Uncultured Clostridiaceae bacterium abundance was decreased in the cecum. In feces, colistin promoted Mucispirillum schaedleri, Treponema berlinense, Veillonella magna, Veillonella caviae, and Actinobacillus porcinus abundance when compared with controls. Taken together, colistin modified the microbiome composition of gastrointestinal areas in piglets. This study provides new clinical rationalization strategies for colistin on the maintenance of animal gut balance and human public health.
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Shin SY, Park S, Moon JM, Kim K, Kim JW, Chun J, Lee TH, Choi CH. Compositional Changes in the Gut Microbiota of Responders and Non-responders to Probiotic Treatment Among Patients With Diarrhea-predominant Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Post Hoc Analysis of a Randomized Clinical Trial. J Neurogastroenterol Motil 2022; 28:642-654. [PMID: 36250371 PMCID: PMC9577570 DOI: 10.5056/jnm21202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Aims We aim to evaluate the differences in the microbiome of responders and non-responders, as well as predict the response to probiotic therapy, based on fecal microbiome data in patients with diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D). Methods A multi-strain probiotics that contains Lactobacillus acidophilus (KCTC 11906BP), Lactobacillus plantarum (KCTC11867BP), Lactobacillus rhamnosus (KCTC 11868BP), Bifidobacterium breve (KCTC 11858BP), Bifidobacterium lactis (KCTC 11903BP), Bifidobacterium longum (KCTC 11860BP), and Streptococcus thermophilus (KCTC 11870BP) were used. Patients were categorized into probiotic and placebo groups, and fecal samples were collected from all patients before and at the end of 8 weeks of treatment. The probiotic group was further divided into responders and non-responders. Responders were defined as patients who experienced adequate relief of overall irritable bowel syndrome symptoms after probiotic therapy. Fecal microbiota were investigated using Illumina MiSeq and analyzed using the EzBioCloud 16S database and microbiome pipeline (https://www.EZbiocloud.net). Results There was no significant difference in the alpha and beta diversity between the responder and non-responder groups. The abundances of the phylum Proteobacteria and genus Bacteroides significantly decreased after probiotic treatment. Bifidobacterium bifidum, Pediococcus acidilactici, and Enterococcus faecium showed a significantly higher abundance in the probiotic group after treatment compared to the placebo group. Enterococcus faecalis and Lactococcus lactis were identified as biomarkers of non-response to probiotics. The abundance of Fusicatenibacter saccharivorans significantly increased in the responders after treatment. Conclusions Probiotic treatment changes some composition of fecal bacteria in patients with IBS-D. E. faecalis and L. lactis may be prediction biomarkers for non-response to probiotics. Increased abundance of F. sccharivorans is correlated to symptom improvement by probiotics in patients with IBS-D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Yong Shin
- Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sein Park
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioinformatics, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.,Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung Min Moon
- Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kisung Kim
- Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeong Wook Kim
- Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jongsik Chun
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioinformatics, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.,Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.,School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae Hee Lee
- Institute for Digestive Research, Digestive Disease Center Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chang Hwan Choi
- Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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9
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Basic M, Dardevet D, Abuja PM, Bolsega S, Bornes S, Caesar R, Calabrese FM, Collino M, De Angelis M, Gérard P, Gueimonde M, Leulier F, Untersmayr E, Van Rymenant E, De Vos P, Savary-Auzeloux I. Approaches to discern if microbiome associations reflect causation in metabolic and immune disorders. Gut Microbes 2022; 14:2107386. [PMID: 35939623 PMCID: PMC9361767 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2022.2107386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Our understanding of microorganisms residing within our gut and their roles in the host metabolism and immunity advanced greatly over the past 20 years. Currently, microbiome studies are shifting from association and correlation studies to studies demonstrating causality of identified microbiome signatures and identification of molecular mechanisms underlying these interactions. This transformation is crucial for the efficient translation into clinical application and development of targeted strategies to beneficially modulate the intestinal microbiota. As mechanistic studies are still quite challenging to perform in humans, the causal role of microbiota is frequently evaluated in animal models that need to be appropriately selected. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview on approaches that can be applied in addressing causality of host-microbe interactions in five major animal model organisms (Caenorhabditis elegans, Drosophila melanogaster, zebrafish, rodents, and pigs). We particularly focused on discussing methods available for studying the causality ranging from the usage of gut microbiota transfer, diverse models of metabolic and immune perturbations involving nutritional and chemical factors, gene modifications and surgically induced models, metabolite profiling up to culture-based approached. Furthermore, we addressed the impact of the gut morphology, physiology as well as diet on the microbiota composition in various models and resulting species specificities. Finally, we conclude this review with the discussion on models that can be applied to study the causal role of the gut microbiota in the context of metabolic syndrome and host immunity. We hope this review will facilitate important considerations for appropriate animal model selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marijana Basic
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Science, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Dominique Dardevet
- Human Nutrition Unit, UMR1019, University Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Peter Michael Abuja
- Diagnostic & Research Centre of Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Silvia Bolsega
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Science, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Stéphanie Bornes
- University Clermont Auvergne, Inrae, VetAgro Sup, Umrf, Aurillac, France
| | - Robert Caesar
- The Wallenberg Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Massimo Collino
- Rita Levi-Montalcini Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Maria De Angelis
- Department of Soil, Plant and Science, “Aldo Moro” University Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Philippe Gérard
- INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, Université Paris-Saclay, France
| | - Miguel Gueimonde
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry of Dairy Products, IPLA-CSIC;Villaviciosa, Spain
| | - François Leulier
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, UMR5242 CNRS, Université Claude Bernard-Lyon1, Lyon, France
| | - Eva Untersmayr
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Evelien Van Rymenant
- Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (Ilvo), Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Paul De Vos
- Immunoendocrinology, Division of Medical Biology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen; Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Isabelle Savary-Auzeloux
- Human Nutrition Unit, UMR1019, University Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, Clermont-Ferrand, France,CONTACT Isabelle Savary-Auzeloux Human Nutrition Unit, UMR1019, University Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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Genome-wide siRNA screening reveals several host receptors for the binding of human gut commensal Bifidobacterium bifidum. NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes 2022; 8:50. [PMID: 35768415 PMCID: PMC9243078 DOI: 10.1038/s41522-022-00312-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Bifidobacterium spp. are abundant gut commensals, especially in breast-fed infants. Bifidobacteria are associated with many health-promoting effects including maintenance of epithelial barrier and integrity as well as immunomodulation. However, the protective mechanisms of bifidobacteria on intestinal epithelium at molecular level are poorly understood. In this study, we developed a high-throughput in vitro screening assay to explore binding receptors of intestinal epithelial cells for Bifidobacterium bifidum. Short interfering RNAs (siRNA) were used to silence expression of each gene in the Caco-2 cell line one by one. The screen yielded four cell surface proteins, SERPINB3, LGICZ1, PKD1 and PAQR6, which were identified as potential receptors as the siRNA knock-down of their expression decreased adhesion of B. bifidum to the cell line repeatedly during the three rounds of siRNA screening. Furthermore, blocking of these host cell proteins by specific antibodies decreased the binding of B. bifidum significantly to Caco-2 and HT29 cell lines. All these molecules are located on the surface of epithelial cells and three out of four, SERPINB3, PKD1 and PAQR6, are involved in the regulation of cellular processes related to proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis as well as inflammation and immunity. Our results provide leads to the first steps in the mechanistic cascade of B. bifidum-host interactions leading to regulatory effects in the epithelium and may partly explain how this commensal bacterium is able to promote intestinal homeostasis.
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11
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Tong X, Yu X, Du Y, Su F, Liu Y, Li H, Liu Y, Mu K, Liu Q, Li H, Zhu J, Xu H, Xiao F, Li Y. Peripheral Blood Microbiome Analysis via Noninvasive Prenatal Testing Reveals the Complexity of Circulating Microbial Cell-Free DNA. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0041422. [PMID: 35608350 PMCID: PMC9241824 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00414-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
While circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) is becoming a powerful marker for noninvasive identification of infectious pathogens in liquid biopsy specimens, a microbial cfDNA baseline in healthy individuals is urgently needed for the proper interpretation of microbial cfDNA sequencing results in clinical metagenomics. Because noninvasive prenatal testing (NIPT) shares many similarities with the sequencing protocol of metagenomics, we utilized the standard low-pass whole-genome-sequencing-based NIPT to establish a microbial cfDNA baseline in healthy people. Sequencing data from a total of 107,763 peripheral blood samples of healthy pregnant women undergoing NIPT screening were retrospectively collected and reanalyzed for microbiome DNA screening. It was found that more than 95% of exogenous cfDNA was from bacteria, 3% from eukaryotes, and 0.4% from viruses, indicating the gut/environment origins of many microorganisms. Overall and regional abundance patterns were well illustrated, with huge regional diversity and complexity, and unique interspecies and symbiotic relationships were observed for TORCH organisms (Toxoplasma gondii, others [Treponema pallidum {causing syphilis}, hepatitis B virus {HBV}, and human parvovirus B19 {HPV-B19}], rubella virus, cytomegalovirus [CMV], and herpes simplex virus [HSV]) and another common virus, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). To sum up, our study revealed the complexity of the baseline circulating microbial cfDNA and showed that microbial cfDNA sequencing results need to be interpreted in a more comprehensive manner. IMPORTANCE While circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) has been becoming a powerful marker for noninvasive identification of infectious pathogens in liquid biopsy specimens, a baseline for microbial cfDNA in healthy individuals is urgently needed for the proper interpretation of microbial cfDNA sequencing results in clinical metagenomics. Standard low-pass whole-genome-sequencing-based NIPT shares many similarities with the sequencing protocol for metagenomics and could provide a microbial cfDNA baseline in healthy people; thus, a reference cfDNA data set of the human microbiome was established with sequencing data from a total of 107,763 peripheral blood samples of healthy pregnant women undergoing NIPT screening. Our study revealed the complexity of circulating microbial cfDNA and indicated that microbial cfDNA sequencing results need to be interpreted in a more comprehensive manner, especially with regard to geographic patterns and coexistence networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xunliang Tong
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaowei Yu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Center for Prenatal Diagnosis, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yang Du
- Annoroad Gene Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Fei Su
- Clinical Biobank, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ye Liu
- Clinical Biobank, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hexin Li
- Clinical Biobank, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yunshan Liu
- Annoroad Gene Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Kai Mu
- Department of Medical Genetics, Zibo Women and Children Hospital, Zibo, China
| | - Qingsong Liu
- Chengdu Women’s and Children’s Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Hui Li
- Clinical Laboratory, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiansheng Zhu
- Medical Genetic Center, Maternity and Child Health Hospital of Anhui Province, Hefei, China
| | - Hongtao Xu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Xiao
- Clinical Biobank, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanming Li
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Zhen Y, Chen Y, Ge L, Wei W, Wang Y, Hu L, Loor JJ, Wang M, Yin J. The Short-Day Cycle Induces Intestinal Epithelial Purine Metabolism Imbalance and Hepatic Disfunctions in Antibiotic-Mediated Gut Microbiota Perturbation Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23116008. [PMID: 35682688 PMCID: PMC9181120 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23116008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal microbiota dysbiosis is related to many metabolic diseases in human health. Meanwhile, as an irregular environmental light–dark (LD) cycle, short day (SD) may induce host circadian rhythm disturbances and worsen the risks of gut dysbiosis. Herein, we investigated how LD cycles regulate intestinal metabolism upon the destruction of gut microbes with antibiotic treatments. The growth indices, serum parameters, concentrations of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), and relative abundance of intestinal microbes were measured after euthanasia; intestinal contents, epithelial metabolomics, and hepatic transcriptome sequencing were also assessed. Compared with a normal LD cycle (NLD), SD increased the body weight, spleen weight, and serum concentration of aspartate aminotransferase, while it decreased high-density lipoprotein. Meanwhile, SD increased the relative abundance of the Bacteroidetes phylum while it decreased the Firmicutes phylum in the gut of ABX mice, thus leading to a disorder of SCFA metabolism. Metabolomics data revealed that SD exposure altered gut microbial metabolism in ABX mice, which also displayed more serious alterations in the gut epithelium. In addition, most differentially expressed metabolites were decreased, especially the purine metabolism pathway in epithelial tissue. This response was mainly due to the down-regulation of adenine, inosine, deoxyguanosine, adenylsuccinic acid, hypoxanthine, GDP, IMP, GMP, and AMP. Finally, the transcriptome data also indicated that SD has some negative effects on hepatic metabolism and endocrine, digestive, and disease processes. Overall, SD induced an epithelial and hepatic purine metabolism pathway imbalance in ABX mice, as well as the gut microbes and their metabolites, all of which could contribute to host metabolism and digestion, endocrine system disorders, and may even cause diseases in the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongkang Zhen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.C.); (L.G.); (W.W.); (Y.W.); (L.H.)
- State Key Laboratory of Sheep Genetic Improvement and Healthy Production, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Reclamation Sciences, Shihezi 832000, China
| | - Yifei Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.C.); (L.G.); (W.W.); (Y.W.); (L.H.)
| | - Ling Ge
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.C.); (L.G.); (W.W.); (Y.W.); (L.H.)
| | - Wenjun Wei
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.C.); (L.G.); (W.W.); (Y.W.); (L.H.)
| | - Yusu Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.C.); (L.G.); (W.W.); (Y.W.); (L.H.)
| | - Liangyu Hu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.C.); (L.G.); (W.W.); (Y.W.); (L.H.)
- Human and Animal Physiology, Wageningen University & Research, 6708 WD Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Juan J. Loor
- Mammalian Nutrition Physiology Genomics, Department of Animal Sciences, Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA;
| | - Mengzhi Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.C.); (L.G.); (W.W.); (Y.W.); (L.H.)
- State Key Laboratory of Sheep Genetic Improvement and Healthy Production, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Reclamation Sciences, Shihezi 832000, China
- Correspondence: (M.W.); (J.Y.)
| | - Junliang Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Sheep Genetic Improvement and Healthy Production, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Reclamation Sciences, Shihezi 832000, China
- Correspondence: (M.W.); (J.Y.)
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13
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Kim JY, Bang SJ, Kim JY, Choi EJ, Heo K, Shim JJ, Lee JL. The Probiotic Strain Bifidobacterium animalis ssp. lactis HY8002 Potentially Improves the Mucosal Integrity of an Altered Intestinal Microbial Environment. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:817591. [PMID: 35572671 PMCID: PMC9102380 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.817591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal microbiota mediate the development and regulation of the intestinal immune system either directly or indirectly. Particularly, Bifidobacterium spp. play an important role in regulating the intestinal immunity and intestinal barrier. We demonstrated that Bifidobacterium animalis ssp. lactis HY8002, selected from eight Bifidobacterium strains by in vitro experimentation, had exceptional resistance to digestive tract conditions and high adhesion to intestinal epithelial cells and a positive effect on immunoglobulin A (IgA) secretion by Peyer’s patch cells. Moreover, HY8002 restored the expression of tight junction-related genes, initially reduced by lipopolysaccharide treatment, to normal levels in human intestinal epithelial cells. Notably, HY8002 restored kanamycin-induced reduction in Peyer’s patch cell numbers, serum and fecal IgA levels, and zonula occludens 1 and Toll-like receptor 2 levels in the mouse small intestine. In addition, HY8002 restores microbiome composition disturbed by kanamycin, and these microbiome changes have been found to correlate with TLR2 levels in the small intestine. Moreover, the ability of HY8002 to enhance IgA in Peyer’s patch cells and ZO-1 levels in intestinal epithelial cells was significantly inhibited by a TLR2 blocking antibody, which suggests that the HY8002 improve intestinal barrier function via TLR2. Finally, whole-genome sequencing of HY8002 revealed that it did not possess any known virulence factors. Therefore, HY8002 is a promising, functional probiotic supplement to improve intestinal barrier function by improving intestinal immunity and microbiota balance.
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Azizkhani M, Karbakhsh Ravari R. Antimicrobial potential of probiotic cell‐free and
Carum copticum
L. seed extracts co‐nanoencapsulated in cellulose acetate fibers. Food Sci Nutr 2022; 10:2969-2979. [PMID: 36171775 PMCID: PMC9469840 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.2893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this work was to co‐nanoencapsulate Lactobacillus acidophilus (LCFE) and Bifidobacterium bifidum (BCFE) cell‐free extract and zenyan (Carum copticum L.) seed water (ZWE) and ethanolic (ZEE) extract in electrospun cellulose acetate (CA) nanofibers and evaluate antimicrobial potential. The zeta potential, SEM image, antibacterial (MIC and MBC), and antifungal (MIC and MFC) activities were evaluated. TPC (total phenol content) of water and ethanol extract of zenyan seed were 14.05 and 136.44 mg GAE/g, respectively. A zeta potential of −40.25, −45.80, −43.71, 48.55, 35.50, 47.93, 31.50, 44.69, and −29.61 mV was found for nanofibers of pure CA (cellulose acetate), CA/LCFE, CA/BCFE, CA/ZWE, CA/ZEE, CA/LCFE/ZWE, CA/LCFE/ZEE, CA/BCFE/ZWE, and CA/LCFE/ZEE, respectively. CA electrospun nanofiber loaded with different extracts showed nanosized diameter and uniform structure. Nanoencapsulated extracts showed considerably higher antibacterial and antifungal activity compared to free extracts. Antibacterial activity of lactobacilli cell‐free extract was higher than bifidobacteria, which indicated the presence of the higher amount of antibacterial compounds in lactobacilli extract. Gram‐positive bacteria (S. aureus and L. monocytogenes) had the lowest MIC and MBC of free and nanoencapsulated extracts while Gram‐negatives (E. coli, S. dysenteriae, and S. enteritidis) had higher MIC and MBC. CA‐coated zenyan extracts (water and ethanolic) inhibited the growth of the assayed fungi at the MIC ranging 0.25 to 0.95%. These concentrations were 1.5–2 times lower than those obtained for pure extracts. For nanoencapsulated cell‐free extracts of both probiotics, the MIC values were about five times lower than the free extracts. The highest antimicrobial activity obtained for CA nanofibers contained zenyan ethanolic extract and cell‐free extract of lactobacilli or bifidobacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Azizkhani
- Department of Food Hygiene Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Amol University of Special Modern Technologies Amol Iran
| | - Rafat Karbakhsh Ravari
- Department of Food Hygiene Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Amol University of Special Modern Technologies Amol Iran
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15
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Why Are Bifidobacteria Important for Infants? Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10020278. [PMID: 35208736 PMCID: PMC8880231 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10020278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The presence of Bifidobacterium species in the maternal vaginal and fecal microbiota is arguably an evolutionary trait that allows these organisms to be primary colonizers of the newborn intestinal tract. Their ability to utilize human milk oligosaccharides fosters their establishment as core health-promoting organisms throughout life. A reduction in their abundance in infants has been shown to increase the prevalence of obesity, diabetes, metabolic disorder, and all-cause mortality later in life. Probiotic strains have been developed as supplements for premature babies and to counter some of these ailments as well as to confer a range of health benefits. The ability to modulate the immune response and produce short-chain fatty acids, particularly acetate and butyrate, that strengthen the gut barrier and regulate the gut microbiome, makes Bifidobacterium a core component of a healthy infant through adulthood.
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16
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Lynn DJ, Benson SC, Lynn MA, Pulendran B. Modulation of immune responses to vaccination by the microbiota: implications and potential mechanisms. Nat Rev Immunol 2022; 22:33-46. [PMID: 34002068 PMCID: PMC8127454 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-021-00554-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The need for highly effective vaccines that induce robust and long-lasting immunity has never been more apparent. However, for reasons that are still poorly understood, immune responses to vaccination are highly variable between different individuals and different populations. Furthermore, vaccine immunogenicity is frequently suboptimal in the very populations who are at most risk from infectious disease, including infants, the elderly, and those living in low-income and middle-income countries. Although many factors have the potential to influence vaccine immunogenicity and therefore vaccine effectiveness, increasing evidence from clinical studies and animal models now suggests that the composition and function of the gut microbiota are crucial factors modulating immune responses to vaccination. In this Review, we synthesize this evidence, discuss the immunological mechanisms that potentially mediate these effects and consider the potential of microbiota-targeted interventions to optimize vaccine effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Lynn
- Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
- Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia.
| | - Saoirse C Benson
- Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - Miriam A Lynn
- Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Bali Pulendran
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
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17
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Bacterial variation in the oral microbiota in multiple sclerosis patients. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0260384. [PMID: 34847159 PMCID: PMC8631616 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0260384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microorganisms in oral cavity are called oral microbiota, while microbiome consists of total genome content of microorganisms in a host. Interaction between host and microorganisms is important in nervous system development and nervous diseases such as Autism, Alzheimer, Parkinson and Multiple Sclerosis (MS). Bacterial infections, as an environmental factor in MS pathogenesis play role in T helper 17(Th17) increase and it enhancing the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as Interlukin-21(IL-21), IL-17 and IL -22. Oral microbiota consists diverse populations of cultivable and uncultivable bacterial species. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) is an acceptable method for identification of uncultivable bacteria. In this study, we compared the bacterial population diversity in the oral cavity between MS and healthy people. METHODS From October to March 2019, samples were taken at Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences' MS patients center. A total of 30 samples were taken from MS patients and another 30 samples were taken from healthy people. Phenotypic tests were used to identify bacteria after pure cultures were obtained. DNA was extracted from 1 mL of saliva, and PCR products produced with primers were electrophoresed on polyacrylamide gels. RESULTS The genera Staphylococcus, Actinomyces, Fusobacterium, Bacteroides, Porphyromonas, Prevotella, Veillonella, Propionibacterium and uncultivable bacteria with accession number MW880919-25, JQ477416.1, KF074888.1 and several other un-culturable strains were significantly more abundant in the MS group while Lactobacillus and Peptostreptococcus were more prevalent in the normal healthy group according to logistic regression method. CONCLUSION Oral micro-organisms may alleviate or exacerbate inflammatory condition which impact MS disease pathogenesis. It may be assumed that controlling oral infections may result in reduction of MS disease progression.
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Ojima MN, Yoshida K, Sakanaka M, Jiang L, Odamaki T, Katayama T. Ecological and molecular perspectives on responders and non-responders to probiotics and prebiotics. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2021; 73:108-120. [PMID: 34375845 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2021.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Bifidobacteria are widely used as a probiotic for their health-promoting effects. To promote their growth, bifidogenic prebiotics, including human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs), have been added to supplements and infant formula. However, the efficacy of both probiotic and prebiotic interventions is often debated, as clinical responses vary significantly by case. Here, we review clinical studies that aimed to proliferate human-residential Bifidobacterium (HRB) strains in the gut, and we highlight the difference between responders and non-responders to such interventions through an ecological, niche-based perspective and an examination of the prevalence of genes responsible for prebiotic assimilation in HRB genomes. We discuss the criteria necessary to better evaluate the efficacy of probiotic and prebiotic interventions and the recent therapeutic potential shown by synbiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam N Ojima
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Keisuke Yoshida
- Next Generation Science Institute, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd., Zama, Kanagawa, 252-8583, Japan
| | - Mikiyasu Sakanaka
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Lin Jiang
- School of Biology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Toshitaka Odamaki
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan; Next Generation Science Institute, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd., Zama, Kanagawa, 252-8583, Japan
| | - Takane Katayama
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan.
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19
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Fan S, Zhang Z, Zhong Y, Li C, Huang X, Geng F, Nie S. Microbiota-related effects of prebiotic fibres in lipopolysaccharide-induced endotoxemic mice: short chain fatty acid production and gut commensal translocation. Food Funct 2021; 12:7343-7357. [PMID: 34180493 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo00410g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Fructans such as fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS) and inulin have been reported to directly regulate ileal inflammatory responses in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced endotoxemic mice, without alterations in the colonic microbiota. Firstly, we replicated this model and found that a single gavage of 10 mg g-1 of fructans directly promoted caecal acetate and propionate production. Thus, the previous understanding of microbiota-independent effects of prebiotic fructans in endotoxemic mice has been challenged. In parallel, we performed a daily gavage of 160 mg kg-1 of inulin, xylan, or Dendrobium officinale polysaccharides (DOP) for two weeks prior to LPS injection. The long-term intake of prebiotic fibres reduced the bacterial load in the spleen and mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs), and in comparison, a single gavage of fructans increased that. However, the long-term intake was unable to improve the short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) synthesis and epithelial barrier function that were impaired by LPS. Notably, the three fibre types consistently reduced the expression of mucin 2 (MUC2) and variously modulated critical mediators (IL-18, IL-22, and HIF-1α) to regulate the host-commensal microbiota interactions in the ileum. In addition, the three fibre types consistently inhibited the inflammatory T helper (Th) cell response in the ileum, while they diversely modulated the peripheral and systemic Th cell responses. Overall, the prebiotic fibres displayed microbiota-related changes in endotoxemic mice, and the potential associations with the in vivo anti-inflammatory effects of prebiotic fibres need further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songtao Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Nanchang University, 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang, 330047, China.
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Warda AK, Clooney AG, Ryan F, de Almeida Bettio PH, Di Benedetto G, Ross RP, Hill C. A postbiotic consisting of heat-treated lactobacilli has a bifidogenic effect in pure culture and in human fermented faecal communities. Appl Environ Microbiol 2021; 87:AEM.02459-20. [PMID: 33579683 PMCID: PMC8091120 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02459-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota has a significant impact on host health. Dietary interventions using probiotics, prebiotics and postbiotics have the potential to alter microbiota composition and function. Other therapeutic interventions such as antibiotics and faecal microbiota transplantation have also been shown to significantly alter the microbiota and its metabolites. Supplementation of a faecal fermentation model of the human gut with a postbiotic product Lactobacillus LB led to changes in microbiome composition (i.e. increase in beneficial bifidobacteria) and associated metabolic changes (i.e. increased acid production). Lactobacillus LB is a heat-treated preparation of cellular biomass and a fermentate generated by Limosilactobacillus fermentum CNCM MA65/4E-1b (formerly known as Lactobacillus fermentum CNCM MA65/4E-1b) and Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. delbrueckii CNCM MA65/4E-2z, medically relevant strains used to produce antidiarrheal preparations. In pure culture, Lactobacillus LB also stimulates the growth of a range of bifidobacterial species and strains. Lactobacillus LB-like preparations generated using other Lactobacillaceae, including commercially available probiotic bacteria, did not have the same impact on a model strain (Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis ATCC 15697). This bifidogenic activity is heat- and enzyme-stable and cannot be attributed to lactose, which is a major constituent of Lactobacillus LB. L fermentum CNCM MA65/4E-1b is largely responsible for the observed activity and there is a clear role for compounds smaller than 1 kDa.Importance In general, disruptions to the gut microbiota are associated with multiple disorders in humans. The presence of high levels of Bifidobacterium spp. in the human gut is commonly considered to be beneficial. Bifidobacteria can be supplemented in the diet (as probiotics) or those bifidobacteria already present in the gut can be stimulated by the consumption of prebiotics such as inulin. We demonstrate that Lactobacillus LB (a product consisting of two heat-killed lactic acid bacteria and their metabolites) can stimulate the growth of bifidobacteria in human fermented faecal communities and in pure culture. Given the heat-treatment applied during the production process, there is no risk of the lactic acid bacteria colonising (or causing bacteraemia) in vulnerable consumers (infants, immunocompromised, etc). Lactobacillus LB has the potential to affect human health by selectively promoting the growth of beneficial bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicja K Warda
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Adam G Clooney
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Feargal Ryan
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | | | | | - Reynolds P Ross
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Colin Hill
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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Berg G, Kusstatscher P, Abdelfattah A, Cernava T, Smalla K. Microbiome Modulation-Toward a Better Understanding of Plant Microbiome Response to Microbial Inoculants. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:650610. [PMID: 33897663 PMCID: PMC8060476 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.650610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant-associated microorganisms are involved in important functions related to growth, performance and health of their hosts. Understanding their modes of action is important for the design of promising microbial inoculants for sustainable agriculture. Plant-associated microorganisms are able to interact with their hosts and often exert specific functions toward potential pathogens; the underlying in vitro interactions are well studied. In contrast, in situ effects of inoculants, and especially their impact on the plant indigenous microbiome was mostly neglected so far. Recently, microbiome research has revolutionized our understanding of plants as coevolved holobionts but also of indigenous microbiome-inoculant interactions. Here we disentangle the effects of microbial inoculants on the indigenous plant microbiome and point out the following types of plant microbiome modulations: (i) transient microbiome shifts, (ii) stabilization or increase of microbial diversity, (iii) stabilization or increase of plant microbiome evenness, (iv) restoration of a dysbiosis/compensation or reduction of a pathogen-induced shift, (v) targeted shifts toward plant beneficial members of the indigenous microbiota, and (vi) suppression of potential pathogens. Therefore, we suggest microbiome modulations as novel and efficient mode of action for microbial inoculants that can also be mediated via the plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Berg
- Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
| | - Peter Kusstatscher
- Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
| | - Ahmed Abdelfattah
- Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
| | - Tomislav Cernava
- Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
| | - Kornelia Smalla
- Julius Kühn Institute (JKI) Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Epidemiology and Pathogen Diagnostics, Braunschweig, Germany
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Wang P, Tu K, Cao P, Yang Y, Zhang H, Qiu XT, Zhang MM, Wu XJ, Yang H, Chen T. Antibiotics-induced intestinal dysbacteriosis caused behavioral alternations and neuronal activation in different brain regions in mice. Mol Brain 2021; 14:49. [PMID: 33676528 PMCID: PMC7937204 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-021-00759-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotics affect gut microbial composition, leading to Gut-Brain-Axis imbalance and neurobehavioral changes. However, the intestinal dysbacteriosis associated behavior changes are not consistently reported. It is not clear whether these changes are transient or permanent. The neuroprotective effect of probiotics against intestinal dysbacteriosis induced alternations needs to be determined either. In the present study, oral antibiotic mixture including Ampicillin, Streptomycin, and Clindamycin was utilized to induce intestinal dysbacteriosis in mice. Antibiotics application triggered mechanical allodynia in von frey test and spontaneous pain in open field test. It also resulted in increased anxiety and depressive-like behaviors and damaged spatial memory performance. After application of probiotics, the mechanical allodynia and spontaneous pain were alleviated significantly. The anxiety behaviors, depressive-like behaviors and recognitive performance were ameliorative as well. By using Fos protein as a marker, it is found that the sensory, emotion and memory related brain regions were activated in mice with intestinal dysbacteriosis. Our study is not only helpful for enriching our basic knowledge for understanding the changed pain responses and related brain disorders in antibiotics-induced dysbacteriosis mice, but also beneficial for providing a more comprehensive mechanistic explanation for the regulation of antibiotics and probiotics on gut microbiota and relevant alternations in animal neurological behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Wang
- Institute of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi`an, Shaanxi, 710072, P. R. China
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology & K.K. Leung Brain Research Centre, The Air Force Medical University, No. 169 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Ke Tu
- Department of Anesthesiology, General Hospital of Tibet Military District, Lhasa, Tibet, 850007, P. R. China
| | - Peng Cao
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology & K.K. Leung Brain Research Centre, The Air Force Medical University, No. 169 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Yuefan Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Air Force Medical University, Xi`an, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi`an, China
| | - Xin-Tong Qiu
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology & K.K. Leung Brain Research Centre, The Air Force Medical University, No. 169 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Ming-Ming Zhang
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology & K.K. Leung Brain Research Centre, The Air Force Medical University, No. 169 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Xiao-Jun Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 270 Dongan Road, Xuhui, 200032, Shanghai, China.
| | - Hui Yang
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi`an, China.
| | - Tao Chen
- Institute of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi`an, Shaanxi, 710072, P. R. China.
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology & K.K. Leung Brain Research Centre, The Air Force Medical University, No. 169 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, China.
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