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Llinas J, Rozmanec M, Hyndman TH. Diagnosis and management of Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii detected in an oral mass in a pink-tongued skink (Cyclodomorphus gerarrdii). Aust Vet J 2024; 102:416-422. [PMID: 38653559 DOI: 10.1111/avj.13337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Cryptococcus is an encapsulated yeast that is found in both yeast and hyphal forms. Cryptococcus neoformans and C. gattii are the most medically important species, causing disease in both immunocompromised and immunocompetent individuals. A large, friable, sublingual mass was surgically resected from the oral cavity of a pink-tongued skink (Cyclodomorphus gerarrdii). Histopathology, fungal culture and PCR testing with Sanger sequencing confirmed granulomatous inflammation containing large numbers of yeasts identified as Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii. Surgical excision and treatment with oral amphotericin B and terbinafine was unsuccessful in managing the infection. On Day 67 after surgery, Cryptococcus DNA was detected by PCR in the blood but not oral, cloacal or skin swabs. The skink was euthanised 72 days after surgery due to anorexia, weight loss and progressive neurological signs of disease. Necropsy results showed disseminated cryptococcosis, including meningoencephalitis and ventriculitis. Two in-contact pink-tongued skinks remained asymptomatic and PCR-negative during 198 days of observation. This case suggests Cryptococcus infections should be considered for oral masses presenting with or without neurological signs in skinks. Further investigation is required to determine the best treatment options for disseminated cryptococcosis in reptiles. This report describes the third reported case of Cryptococcus in a reptile and the first case of cryptococcosis in a pink-tongued skink. It is also the first report of Cryptococcus in a reptile identified to the variety level using PCR, including in whole blood samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Llinas
- The Unusual Pet Vets Jindalee, Jindalee, Queensland, Australia
| | - M Rozmanec
- QML Vetnostics, SVS Pathology Network, Murarrie, Queensland, Australia
| | - T H Hyndman
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia
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Aita A, Lelli D, Gherardi G, Pedone C, Antonelli Incalzi R. Kodamaea ohmeri Leg Skin Ulcer Infection in an Immunocompetent Patient: A Case Report. Chemotherapy 2024; 69:100-103. [PMID: 38301610 DOI: 10.1159/000536588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Kodamaea ohmeri is an emerging fungus recognised as an important pathogen in immunocompromised hosts, responsible for life-threatening infections. CASE PRESENTATION We describe a case of a 69-year-old immunocompetent man with a long history of leg skin ulcers infected by K. ohmeri. This is the first case of leg wounds infected by K. ohmeri in an immunocompetent patient. The infection was successfully treated with voriconazole 200 mg daily. CONCLUSION Though rare, K. ohmeri should be considered in patients with skin ulcers that are poorly responsive to medical treatment, even if not immunocompromised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelo Aita
- Unità di Ricerca di Medicina Interna, Facoltà Dipartimentale di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Diana Lelli
- Unità Operativa di Ricerca di Geriatria, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Gherardi
- Unità di Scienze Batteriologiche Applicate, Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudio Pedone
- Unità Operativa di Ricerca di Geriatria, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Rome, Italy
- Unità di Ricerca di Geriatria, Facoltà Dipartimentale di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Raffaele Antonelli Incalzi
- Unità di Ricerca di Medicina Interna, Facoltà Dipartimentale di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Rome, Italy
- Unità Operativa di Ricerca di Medicina Interna, Fondazione Policlinico Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Rome, Italy
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Li Y, Huang Y, Kang M, Chen X, Liu L, Zhao H, Chen Z, Xiao M, Xu Y, Yi Q, Zhou M. Microsatellite markers for genotyping of Kodamaea ohmeri: Demonstrating outbreaks based on a multicenter surveillance study in China. INFECTION, GENETICS AND EVOLUTION : JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY AND EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2024; 117:105547. [PMID: 38159712 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2023.105547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Kodamaea ohmeri, an emerging human pathogen, caused both sporadic and nosocomial infections among immunocompromised people with high mortality. However, there is limited research on the molecular epidemiology of K. ohmeri. A total of fifty microsatellite loci were designed based on K. ohmeri type strain NRRL Y-1932 and three loci were finally selected for microsatellite analysis. Non-duplicated K. ohmeri isolates and strains of other species were collected across China as a part of CHIF-NET program for sensitivity and specificity verification. Antifungal susceptibility was determined using Sensititre YeastOne TM YO10. The three loci (P10, P11 and P26), with a cumulative discriminatory power of 0.98, exhibited a prospective specificity and reproducibility in the PCR of 92 K. ohmeri strains from different hospitals. A total of 54 microsatellite types (MT) were identified and most of them distributed sporadically. However, six strains of MT12 clustered in HZ hospital and were isolated in the same department within two months, indicating a potential outbreak. Of seven isolates exhibited MIC values of >8 mg/L for fluconazole, three isolates from LR hospital shared the same genotype of MT44. Herein, we established a set of microsatellite loci for K. ohmeri, as a rapid and specific tool for genotyping K. ohmeri, and identified several potential clusters. This study will help us better understand the molecular epidemiology of the emerging pathogen K. ohmeri.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanbing Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Mechanisms Research and Precision Diagnosis of Invasive Fungal Diseases, Beijing, China; Graduate School, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuyan Huang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Mechanisms Research and Precision Diagnosis of Invasive Fungal Diseases, Beijing, China; Graduate School, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mei Kang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China hospital Sichuan University, China
| | - Xiangyang Chen
- The Fifth Clinical Medical College of Henan University of Chinese Medicine (Zhengzhou People's Hospital), China
| | - Liwen Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The People's Hospital of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
| | - Hongmei Zhao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The People's Hospital of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhongju Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Meng Xiao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Mechanisms Research and Precision Diagnosis of Invasive Fungal Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Yingchun Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Mechanisms Research and Precision Diagnosis of Invasive Fungal Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Qiaolian Yi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Mechanisms Research and Precision Diagnosis of Invasive Fungal Diseases, Beijing, China.
| | - Menglan Zhou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Mechanisms Research and Precision Diagnosis of Invasive Fungal Diseases, Beijing, China.
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Ding T, Zhu Y, Zhang ZM, Zou Y, An D, Li W, Chen XF. Hospital‑acquired pneumonia caused by Kodamaea ohmeri during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation treatment: A case report and literature review. Exp Ther Med 2024; 27:43. [PMID: 38125361 PMCID: PMC10731397 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2023.12331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Kodamaea ohmeri (K. ohmeri) is an ascosporogenic species of yeast that belongs to the genus Ascosporogenous and the family of Saccharomycetaceae. It has recently been found to cause various types of infections, particularly in critically ill immunocompromised patients. The present study describes a case of hospital-acquired pneumonia caused by K. ohmeri during veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. The fungal culture turned negative after the administration of caspofungin and amphotericin B. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is an adjunctive medical technique that provides temporary cardiopulmonary support for patients. Previous observations have suggested that the immune function of patients will typically decline during the use of ECMO, rendering infection to be one of the main complications of ECMO. K. ohmeri is a rare pathogenic fungus, particularly in immunocompromised individuals with vascular catheters, while amphotericin B is the most common antifungal therapy administered to treat K. ohmeri infections. It is important to raise awareness of rare fungal infections and actively treat them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Ding
- Emergency Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University and Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Yi Zhu
- Emergency Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University and Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Zhong-Man Zhang
- Emergency Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University and Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Yue Zou
- Emergency Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University and Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Di An
- Emergency Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University and Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Wei Li
- Emergency Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University and Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Xu-Feng Chen
- Emergency Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University and Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
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Menu E, Filori Q, Dufour JC, Ranque S, L’Ollivier C. A Repertoire of the Less Common Clinical Yeasts. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:1099. [PMID: 37998905 PMCID: PMC10671991 DOI: 10.3390/jof9111099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Invasive fungal diseases are a public health problem. They affect a constantly increasing number of at-risk patients, and their incidence has risen in recent years. These opportunistic infections are mainly due to Candida sp. but less common or rare yeast infections should not be underestimated. These so-called "less common" yeasts include Ascomycota of the genera Candida (excluding the five major Candida species), Magnusiomyces/Saprochaete, Malassezia, and Saccharomyces, and Basidiomycota of the genera Cryptococcus (excluding the Cryptococcus neoformans/gattii complex members), Rhodotorula, and Trichosporon. The aim of this review is to (i) inventory the less common yeasts isolated in humans, (ii) provide details regarding the specific anatomical locations where they have been detected and the clinical characteristics of the resulting infections, and (iii) provide an update on yeast taxonomy. Of the total of 239,890 fungal taxa and their associated synonyms sourced from the MycoBank and NCBI Taxonomy databases, we successfully identified 192 yeasts, including 127 Ascomycota and 65 Basidiomycota. This repertoire allows us to highlight rare yeasts and their tropism for certain anatomical sites and will provide an additional tool for diagnostic management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estelle Menu
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, IHU Méditerranée Infection, 13385 Marseille, France; (S.R.); (C.L.)
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Service de Santé des Armées, VITROME: Vecteurs-Infections Tropicales et Méditerranéennes, Aix Marseille Université, 13385 Marseille, France
| | - Quentin Filori
- INSERM, IRD, SESSTIM, Sciences Economiques & Sociales de la Santé & Traitement de l’Information Médicale, ISSPAM, Aix Marseille University, 13385 Marseille, France; (Q.F.); (J.-C.D.)
| | - Jean-Charles Dufour
- INSERM, IRD, SESSTIM, Sciences Economiques & Sociales de la Santé & Traitement de l’Information Médicale, ISSPAM, Aix Marseille University, 13385 Marseille, France; (Q.F.); (J.-C.D.)
- APHM, Hôpital de la Timone, Service Biostatistique et Technologies de l’Information et de la Communication, 13385 Marseille, France
| | - Stéphane Ranque
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, IHU Méditerranée Infection, 13385 Marseille, France; (S.R.); (C.L.)
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Service de Santé des Armées, VITROME: Vecteurs-Infections Tropicales et Méditerranéennes, Aix Marseille Université, 13385 Marseille, France
| | - Coralie L’Ollivier
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, IHU Méditerranée Infection, 13385 Marseille, France; (S.R.); (C.L.)
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Service de Santé des Armées, VITROME: Vecteurs-Infections Tropicales et Méditerranéennes, Aix Marseille Université, 13385 Marseille, France
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Abd Elaziz D, El Hawary R, Meshaal S, Alkady R, Lotfy S, Eldash A, Erfan A, Chohayeb E, Saad M, Boutros J, Galal N, Elmarsafy A. Chronic Granulomatous Disease: a Cohort of 173 Patients-10-Years Single Center Experience from Egypt. J Clin Immunol 2023; 43:1799-1811. [PMID: 37433991 PMCID: PMC10661789 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-023-01541-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) is an inherited primary immunodeficiency disorder of phagocytes, characterized by recurrent fungal and bacterial infections. Our aim is to describe the different clinical presentations, non-infectious auto-inflammatory features, types and sites of infections, and to estimate the mortality among our large cohort. METHODS This is a retrospective study conducted at the Pediatric Department of Cairo University Children's Hospital in Egypt, including cases with a confirmed CGD diagnosis. RESULTS One hundred seventy-three confirmed CGD patients were included. AR-CGD was diagnosed in 132 patients (76.3%) including 83 patients (48%) with p47phox defect, 44 patients (25.4%) with p22phox defect, and 5 patients (2.9%) with p67phox defect. XL-CGD was diagnosed in 25 patients (14.4%). The most common recorded clinical manifestations were deep-seated abscesses and pneumonia. Gram-negative bacteria and Aspergillus were the most frequently isolated species. Regarding the outcome, 36 patients (20.8%) were lost from follow-up. Among patients with known outcome, 94/137 patients (68.6%) are living, while 43/137 patients (31.4%) died. CONCLUSION AR-CGD is predominant in Egypt; CGD must always be ruled out in any patient presenting with typical or atypical mycobacterial or BCG-disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalia Abd Elaziz
- Pediatric Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Rabab El Hawary
- Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Safa Meshaal
- Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Radwa Alkady
- Pediatric Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sohilla Lotfy
- Pediatric Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Alia Eldash
- Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Aya Erfan
- Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Engy Chohayeb
- Pediatric Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mai Saad
- Pediatric Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Jeannette Boutros
- Pediatric Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nermeen Galal
- Pediatric Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Aisha Elmarsafy
- Pediatric Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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Gonçalves C, Harrison MC, Steenwyk JL, Opulente DA, LaBella AL, Wolters JF, Zhou X, Shen XX, Groenewald M, Hittinger CT, Rokas A. Diverse signatures of convergent evolution in cacti-associated yeasts. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.09.14.557833. [PMID: 37745407 PMCID: PMC10515907 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.14.557833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Many distantly related organisms have convergently evolved traits and lifestyles that enable them to live in similar ecological environments. However, the extent of phenotypic convergence evolving through the same or distinct genetic trajectories remains an open question. Here, we leverage a comprehensive dataset of genomic and phenotypic data from 1,049 yeast species in the subphylum Saccharomycotina (Kingdom Fungi, Phylum Ascomycota) to explore signatures of convergent evolution in cactophilic yeasts, ecological specialists associated with cacti. We inferred that the ecological association of yeasts with cacti arose independently ~17 times. Using machine-learning, we further found that cactophily can be predicted with 76% accuracy from functional genomic and phenotypic data. The most informative feature for predicting cactophily was thermotolerance, which is likely associated with duplication and altered evolutionary rates of genes impacting the cell envelope in several cactophilic lineages. We also identified horizontal gene transfer and duplication events of plant cell wall-degrading enzymes in distantly related cactophilic clades, suggesting that putatively adaptive traits evolved through disparate molecular mechanisms. Remarkably, multiple cactophilic lineages and their close relatives are emerging human opportunistic pathogens, suggesting that the cactophilic lifestyle-and perhaps more generally lifestyles favoring thermotolerance-may preadapt yeasts to cause human disease. This work underscores the potential of a multifaceted approach involving high throughput genomic and phenotypic data to shed light onto ecological adaptation and highlights how convergent evolution to wild environments could facilitate the transition to human pathogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Gonçalves
- Vanderbilt University, Department of Biological Sciences, VU Station B #35-1634, Nashville, TN 37235, United States of America
- Evolutionary Studies Initiative, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
- Present address: Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy and UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Life Sciences, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
- Present address: UCIBIO-i4HB, Departamento de Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Marie-Claire Harrison
- Vanderbilt University, Department of Biological Sciences, VU Station B #35-1634, Nashville, TN 37235, United States of America
- Evolutionary Studies Initiative, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Jacob L. Steenwyk
- Vanderbilt University, Department of Biological Sciences, VU Station B #35-1634, Nashville, TN 37235, United States of America
- Evolutionary Studies Initiative, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
- Howards Hughes Medical Institute and the Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Dana A. Opulente
- Laboratory of Genetics, DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Center for Genomic Science Innovation, J. F. Crow Institute for the Study of Evolution, Wisconsin Energy Institu te, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53726, USA
- Biology Department, Villanova University, Villanova, PA 19085, USA
| | - Abigail L. LaBella
- Vanderbilt University, Department of Biological Sciences, VU Station B #35-1634, Nashville, TN 37235, United States of America
- Evolutionary Studies Initiative, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
- Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte NC 28223
| | - John F. Wolters
- Laboratory of Genetics, DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Center for Genomic Science Innovation, J. F. Crow Institute for the Study of Evolution, Wisconsin Energy Institu te, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53726, USA
| | - Xiaofan Zhou
- Vanderbilt University, Department of Biological Sciences, VU Station B #35-1634, Nashville, TN 37235, United States of America
- Evolutionary Studies Initiative, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Integrative Microbiology Research Center, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xing-Xing Shen
- Vanderbilt University, Department of Biological Sciences, VU Station B #35-1634, Nashville, TN 37235, United States of America
- Evolutionary Studies Initiative, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology and Centre for Evolutionary & Organismal Biology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | | | - Chris Todd Hittinger
- Laboratory of Genetics, DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Center for Genomic Science Innovation, J. F. Crow Institute for the Study of Evolution, Wisconsin Energy Institu te, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53726, USA
| | - Antonis Rokas
- Vanderbilt University, Department of Biological Sciences, VU Station B #35-1634, Nashville, TN 37235, United States of America
- Evolutionary Studies Initiative, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
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Sathi FA, Aung MS, Paul SK, Nasreen SA, Haque N, Roy S, Ahmed S, Alam MM, Khan S, Rabbany MA, Biswas JP, Kobayashi N. Clonal Diversity of Candida auris, Candida blankii, and Kodamaea ohmeri Isolated from Septicemia and Otomycosis in Bangladesh as Determined by Multilocus Sequence Typing. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:658. [PMID: 37367594 DOI: 10.3390/jof9060658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Candida auris, Candida blankii, and Kodamaea ohmeri have been regarded as emerging fungal pathogens that can cause infections with high mortality. For genotyping of C. auris, a multilocus sequence typing (MLST) scheme based on four locus sequences has been reported, while there is no typing scheme for C. blankii and K. ohmeri. In the present study, the existing MLST scheme of C. auris was modified by adding more locus types deduced from sequence data available in the GenBank database. Furthermore, MLST schemes of C. blankii and K. ohmeri were developed using the four cognate loci (ITS, RPB1, RPB2, D1/D2) and similar sequence regions to those of C. auris. These MLST schemes were applied to identify the ST (sequence type) of clinical isolates of C. auris (n = 7), C. blankii (n = 9), and K. ohmeri (n = 6), derived from septicemia or otomycosis in Bangladesh in 2021. All the C. auris isolates were classified into a single ST (ST5) and clade I, having a Y132F substitution in ERG11p, which is associated with azole resistance. Similarly, all the C. blankii isolates belonged to a single type (ST1). In contrast, six K. ohmeri isolates were assigned to five types (ST1-ST5), suggesting its higher genetic diversity. These findings revealed the availability of MLST schemes for these three fungal species for understanding their clonal diversity among clinical isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fardousi Akter Sathi
- Department of Microbiology, Mymensingh Medical College, Mymensingh 2200, Bangladesh
| | - Meiji Soe Aung
- Department of Hygiene, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan
| | | | | | - Nazia Haque
- Department of Microbiology, Mymensingh Medical College, Mymensingh 2200, Bangladesh
| | - Sangjukta Roy
- Department of Microbiology, Mymensingh Medical College, Mymensingh 2200, Bangladesh
| | - Salma Ahmed
- Mugda Medical College, Dhaka 1214, Bangladesh
| | | | - Shahed Khan
- Department of Oral Microbiology, Mymensingh Medical College Hospital, Mymensingh 2200, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Arif Rabbany
- Department of Neonatology, Mymensingh Medical College Hospital, Mymensingh 2200, Bangladesh
| | - Joy Prokas Biswas
- Department of Pathology, Netrokona Medical College, Netrokona 2400, Bangladesh
| | - Nobumichi Kobayashi
- Department of Hygiene, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan
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9
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Li ZM, Kuang YK, Zheng YF, Xu PH, Wang JY, Gan RJ, Li HX, Bai LH, Xie CM, Tang KJ. Gut-derived fungemia due to Kodamaea ohmeri combined with invasive pulmonary aspergillosis: a case report. BMC Infect Dis 2022; 22:903. [PMID: 36460998 PMCID: PMC9719164 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-022-07866-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Kodamaea ohmeri is a rare pathogen with high mortality and is found among blood samples in a considerable proportion; however, gastrointestinal infection of K. ohmeri is extremely rare. Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis is also an uncommon fungal; these two fungal infections reported concomitantly are unprecedented. CASE PRESENTATION We described a case of a 37-year-old male who got infected with K. ohmeri and invasive pulmonary aspergillosis. We used the mass spectrometry and histopathology to identify these two fungal infections separately. For the treatment of K. ohmeri, we chose caspofungin. As for invasive pulmonary aspergillosis, we used voriconazole, amphotericin B, and then surgery. The patient was treated successfully through the collaboration of multiple disciplines. CONCLUSIONS We speculate that the destruction of the intestinal mucosa barrier can make the intestine one of the ways for certain fungi to infect the human body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Mu Li
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XDivision of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 58, Zhongshan Er Lu, Guangzhou, 510080 China ,grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XInstitute of Pulmonary Diseases, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Kun Kuang
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XDivision of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 58, Zhongshan Er Lu, Guangzhou, 510080 China ,grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XInstitute of Pulmonary Diseases, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi-Fan Zheng
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XDepartment of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pei-Hang Xu
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XDivision of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 58, Zhongshan Er Lu, Guangzhou, 510080 China ,grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XInstitute of Pulmonary Diseases, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ji-Yu Wang
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XDivision of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 58, Zhongshan Er Lu, Guangzhou, 510080 China ,grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XInstitute of Pulmonary Diseases, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Run-Jing Gan
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XDivision of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 58, Zhongshan Er Lu, Guangzhou, 510080 China ,grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XInstitute of Pulmonary Diseases, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui-Xia Li
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XDivision of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 58, Zhongshan Er Lu, Guangzhou, 510080 China ,grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XInstitute of Pulmonary Diseases, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li-Hong Bai
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XDivision of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 58, Zhongshan Er Lu, Guangzhou, 510080 China ,grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XInstitute of Pulmonary Diseases, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Can-Mao Xie
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XDivision of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 58, Zhongshan Er Lu, Guangzhou, 510080 China ,grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XInstitute of Pulmonary Diseases, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ke-Jing Tang
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XDivision of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 58, Zhongshan Er Lu, Guangzhou, 510080 China ,grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XDepartment of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
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10
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Frenkel M, Serhan H, Blum SE, Fleker M, Sionov E, Amit S, Gazit Z, Gefen-Halevi S, Segal E. What Is Hiding in the Israeli Mediterranean Seawater and Beach Sand. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8090950. [PMID: 36135675 PMCID: PMC9505208 DOI: 10.3390/jof8090950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: In the present study, we aimed to investigate the presence of fungi that may affect human health in sand and water on Israeli Mediterranean Sea coast beaches. Methods: The study included screening of the sand and water of six urban beaches from north to south on the Israeli Mediterranean coast. Sand samples were extracted with water, and the water wash was cultured and quantitated. Water samples were quantitated as well. MALDI-TOF MS analysis and ITS sequencing identified the fungi. Results: The study considered several parameters: 1. Presence of fecal-contamination-related fungi; 2. Presence of dermal-infection-related fungi. 3. Presence of allergy-related fungi; 4. Presence of fungi posing risk for immunocompromised individuals. The screen revealed that about 80% of the isolates were molds and about 20% yeasts. The mold species included opportunistic pathogens and potential allergens: Aspergillus fumigatus and other Aspergillus species, Fusarium, Penicillium, and Mucorales species. Yeast isolates included Candida—including the human commensals Candida albicans and Candida tropicalis—Cryptococcus, and Rhodotorula species. Conclusions: The results suggest that beaches should be monitored for fungi for safer use, better management, and the benefit of public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Frenkel
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 562000, Israel
| | - Hanan Serhan
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 562000, Israel
| | - Shlomo E. Blum
- Department of Clinical Bacteriology and Mycology, The Kimron Veterinary Institute, Bet Dagan 50200, Israel
| | - Marcelo Fleker
- Department of Clinical Bacteriology and Mycology, The Kimron Veterinary Institute, Bet Dagan 50200, Israel
| | - Edward Sionov
- Institute for Post Harwest and Food Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion 7528809, Israel
| | - Sharon Amit
- Microbiology Laboratory, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer 5262000, Israel
| | - Zeela Gazit
- Microbiology Laboratory, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer 5262000, Israel
| | | | - Esther Segal
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 562000, Israel
- Correspondence:
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11
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Sathi FA, Paul SK, Ahmed S, Alam MM, Nasreen SA, Haque N, Islam A, Nila SS, Afrin SZ, Aung MS, Kobayashi N. Prevalence and Antifungal Susceptibility of Clinically Relevant Candida Species, Identification of Candida auris and Kodamaea ohmeri in Bangladesh. Trop Med Infect Dis 2022; 7:tropicalmed7090211. [PMID: 36136623 PMCID: PMC9506023 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed7090211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Candida species are major fungal pathogens in humans. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of individual Candida species and their susceptibility to antifungal drugs among clinical isolates in a tertiary care hospital in Bangladesh. During a 10-month period in 2021, high vaginal swabs (HVSs), blood, and aural swabs were collected from 360 patients. From these specimens, Candida spp. was isolated from cultures on Sabouraud dextrose agar media, and phenotypic and genetic analyses were performed. A total of 109 isolates were recovered, and C. albicans accounted for 37%, being derived mostly from HVSs. Among non-albicans Candida (NAC), C. parapsilosis was the most frequent, followed by C. ciferrii, C. tropicalis, and C. glabrata. Three isolates from blood and two isolates from aural discharge were genetically identified as C. auris and Kodamaea ohmeri, respectively. NAC isolates were more resistant to fluconazole (overall rate, 29%) than C. albicans (10%). Candida isolates from blood showed 95% susceptibility to voriconazole and less susceptibility to fluconazole (67%). Two or three amino acid substitutions were detected in the ERG11 of two fluconazole-resistant C. albicans isolates. The present study is the first to reveal the prevalence of Candida species and their antifungal susceptibility in Bangladesh.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fardousi Akter Sathi
- Department of Microbiology, Mymensingh Medical College, Mymensingh 2200, Bangladesh
| | | | - Salma Ahmed
- Department of Microbiology, Mugda Medical College, Dhaka 1214, Bangladesh
| | | | | | - Nazia Haque
- Department of Microbiology, Mymensingh Medical College, Mymensingh 2200, Bangladesh
| | - Arup Islam
- Department of Microbiology, Mymensingh Medical College, Mymensingh 2200, Bangladesh
| | - Sultana Shabnam Nila
- Department of Microbiology, Mymensingh Medical College, Mymensingh 2200, Bangladesh
| | - Sultana Zahura Afrin
- Department of Microbiology, Mymensingh Medical College, Mymensingh 2200, Bangladesh
| | - Meiji Soe Aung
- Department of Hygiene, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan
| | - Nobumichi Kobayashi
- Department of Hygiene, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-11-611-2111
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12
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Antifungal and antibiofilm activities of bee venom loaded on chitosan nanoparticles: a novel approach for combating fungal human pathogens. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 38:244. [PMID: 36280608 PMCID: PMC9592658 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-022-03425-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of opportunistic human fungal pathogens is increasing worldwide, and antimicrobial resistance is one of the greatest medical challenges the world faces. Therefore, this study aimed to develop a novel agent to control fungal pathogens. The honeybee products (honey, royal jelly, propolis, bee bread, and bee venom) were screened against unicellular fungal (UCF) pathogens (Cryptococcus neoformans, Kodamaea ohmeri, and Candida albicans) and the bee venom was only exhibited an inhibitory effect against them. The protein contents of crude bee venom were separated using the gel filtration technique into eight fractions which were visualized on sodium dodecyl sulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS–PAGE) to confirm the presence of five bands with molecular weights of 65, 43, 21, 15, and 3 KDa. Bee venom (BV) of Apis mellifera loaded chitosan nanoparticles were prepared by the ionotropic gelation method. The encapsulation efficiency%, average size, zeta potentials, and surface appearance by Transmission electron microscope (TEM) were evaluated for the prepared nanoparticles. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of crude BV and BV loaded chitosan nanoparticles (BV-CNPs) was evaluated against the offer mentioned UCF where the MIC values of crude BV were 6.25, 3.12 & 6.25 while MIC values in the case of BV-CNPs were decreased to 3.12, 3.12 & 1.56 mg/ml against C. neoformans, K. ohmeri and C. albicans, respectively. Also, the results showed that BV-CNPs suppressed the biofilm formation as well as yeast to hyphal transition formed by the examined UCF. These results revealed that BV-CNPs are a promising natural compound for fungal pathogens treatment.
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