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Cianciotto NP. The type II secretion system as an underappreciated and understudied mediator of interbacterial antagonism. Infect Immun 2024; 92:e0020724. [PMID: 38980047 PMCID: PMC11320942 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00207-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Interbacterial antagonism involves all major phyla, occurs across the full range of ecological niches, and has great significance for the environment, clinical arena, and agricultural and industrial sectors. Though the earliest insight into interbacterial antagonism traces back to the discovery of antibiotics, a paradigm shift happened when it was learned that protein secretion systems (e.g., types VI and IV secretion systems) deliver toxic "effectors" against competitors. However, a link between interbacterial antagonism and the Gram-negative type II secretion system (T2SS), which exists in many pathogens and environmental species, is not evident in prior reviews on bacterial competition or T2SS function. A current examination of the literature revealed four examples of a T2SS or one of its known substrates having a bactericidal activity against a Gram-positive target or another Gram-negative. When further studied, the T2SS effectors proved to be peptidases that target the peptidoglycan of the competitor. There are also reports of various bacteriolytic enzymes occurring in the culture supernatants of some other Gram-negative species, and a link between these bactericidal activities and T2SS is suggested. Thus, a T2SS can be a mediator of interbacterial antagonism, and it is possible that many T2SSs have antibacterial outputs. Yet, at present, the T2SS remains relatively understudied for its role in interbacterial competition. Arguably, there is a need to analyze the T2SSs of a broader range of species for their role in interbacterial antagonism. Such investigation offers, among other things, a possible pathway toward developing new antimicrobials for treating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas P. Cianciotto
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Northwestern University School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Pulkkinen K, Taskinen J. Nutrient enrichment increases virulence in an opportunistic environmental pathogen, with greater effect at low bacterial doses. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2024; 100:fiae013. [PMID: 38305097 PMCID: PMC10959552 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiae013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Eutrophication of aquatic ecosystems is associated with an increased risk of pathogen infection via increased pathogen growth and host exposure via increased pathogen doses. Here, we studied the effect of nutrients on the virulence of an opportunistic bacterial pathogen of fish, Flavobacterium columnare, in challenge experiments with rainbow trout fingerlings. We hypothesized that removing all nutrients by washing the bacteria would reduce virulence as compared to unwashed bacteria, but adding nutrients to the tank water would increase the virulence of the bacterium. Nutrient addition and increase in bacterial dose increased virulence for both unwashed and washed bacteria. For unwashed bacteria, the addition of nutrients reduced the survival probability of fish challenged with low bacterial doses more than for fish challenged with higher bacterial doses, suggesting activation of bacterial virulence factors. Washing and centrifugation reduced viable bacterial counts, and the addition of washed bacteria alone did not lead to fish mortality. However, a small addition of nutrient medium, 0.05% of the total water volume, added separately to the fish container, restored the virulence of the washed bacteria. Our results show that human-induced eutrophication could trigger epidemics of aquatic pathogens at the limits of their survival and affect their ecology and evolution by altering the dynamics between strains that differ in their growth characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Pulkkinen
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, P.O. Box 35 (Survontie 9), University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Jouni Taskinen
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, P.O. Box 35 (Survontie 9), University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
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Lukman G, Waturangi DE, Julyantoro PGS, Papuangan N. Phyllosphere bacteria with antiquorum sensing and antibiofilm activities against fish pathogenic bacteria. BMC Res Notes 2024; 17:5. [PMID: 38167225 PMCID: PMC10759618 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-023-06657-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This research aims to quantify antiquorum sensing and antibiofilm activity of f phyllosphere bacteria against biofilm formed by pathogenic fish bacteria such as Aeromonas hydrophila, Streptococcus agalactiae, and Vibrio harveyi. RESULTS Antiquorum sensing assay using Chromobacter violaceum as indicator bacteria and antibiofilm assay showed six phyllosphere bacteria have antiquorum sensing and antibiofilm activities against tested bacteria. The highest inhibition and destruction activity was showed by metabolite of JB 3B and EJB 5 F against A. hydrophila, respectively. Determination using light microscope and scanning electron microscope performed decreaing in biomass of biofilm observed after treated with metabolite from phyllosphere bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Griselda Lukman
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, Jalan Jenderal Sudirman 51, Jakarta, 12930, Indonesia
| | - Diana Elizabeth Waturangi
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, Jalan Jenderal Sudirman 51, Jakarta, 12930, Indonesia.
| | - Pande Gde Sasmita Julyantoro
- Department of Aquatic Resources Management, Faculty of Marine Science and Fisheries, University of Udayana, Denpasar, Bali, 80361, Indonesia
| | - Nurmaya Papuangan
- Department of Biology Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Khairun University, Ternate, 97728, Indonesia
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Maia JCDS, Silva GADA, Cunha LSDB, Gouveia GV, Góes-Neto A, Brenig B, Araújo FA, Aburjaile F, Ramos RTJ, Soares SC, Azevedo VADC, Costa MMD, Gouveia JJDS. Genomic Characterization of Aeromonas veronii Provides Insights into Taxonomic Assignment and Reveals Widespread Virulence and Resistance Genes throughout the World. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1039. [PMID: 37370358 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12061039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Aeromonas veronii is a Gram-negative bacterial species that causes disease in fish and is nowadays increasingly recurrent in enteric infections of humans. This study was performed to characterize newly sequenced isolates by comparing them with complete genomes deposited at the NCBI (National Center for Biotechnology Information). Nine isolates from fish, environments, and humans from the São Francisco Valley (Petrolina, Pernambuco, Brazil) were sequenced and compared with complete genomes available in public databases to gain insight into taxonomic assignment and to better understand virulence and resistance profiles of this species within the One Health context. One local genome and four NCBI genomes were misidentified as A. veronii. A total of 239 virulence genes were identified in the local genomes, with most encoding adhesion, motility, and secretion systems. In total, 60 genes involved with resistance to 22 classes of antibiotics were identified in the genomes, including mcr-7 and cphA. The results suggest that the use of methods such as ANI is essential to avoid misclassification of the genomes. The virulence content of A. veronii from local isolates is similar to those complete genomes deposited at the NCBI. Genes encoding colistin resistance are widespread in the species, requiring greater attention for surveillance systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Cleves da Silva Maia
- Graduate Program in Animal Science, Agricultural Sciences Campus, Federal University of Vale of São Francisco (Univasf), Petrolina 56304-917, Pernambuco, Brazil
- Center for Open Access Genomic Analysis (CALAnGO), Federal University of Vale of São Francisco (Univasf), Petrolina 56304-917, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Amorim de Albuquerque Silva
- Center for Open Access Genomic Analysis (CALAnGO), Federal University of Vale of São Francisco (Univasf), Petrolina 56304-917, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Letícia Stheffany de Barros Cunha
- Graduate Program in Animal Science, Agricultural Sciences Campus, Federal University of Vale of São Francisco (Univasf), Petrolina 56304-917, Pernambuco, Brazil
- Center for Open Access Genomic Analysis (CALAnGO), Federal University of Vale of São Francisco (Univasf), Petrolina 56304-917, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Gisele Veneroni Gouveia
- Center for Open Access Genomic Analysis (CALAnGO), Federal University of Vale of São Francisco (Univasf), Petrolina 56304-917, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Aristóteles Góes-Neto
- Laboratory of Molecular Computational Biology of Fungi (LBMCF), Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Bertram Brenig
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, University of Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Niedersachsen, Germany
| | - Fabrício Almeida Araújo
- Biological Engineering Laboratory, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará (UFPA), Belém 66075-110, Pará, Brazil
| | - Flávia Aburjaile
- Preventive Veterinary Medicine Department, Veterinary School, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Rommel Thiago Jucá Ramos
- Biological Engineering Laboratory, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará (UFPA), Belém 66075-110, Pará, Brazil
| | - Siomar Castro Soares
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba 38025-180, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Vasco Ariston de Carvalho Azevedo
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Genetics (LGCM), Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Mateus Matiuzzi da Costa
- Center for Open Access Genomic Analysis (CALAnGO), Federal University of Vale of São Francisco (Univasf), Petrolina 56304-917, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - João José de Simoni Gouveia
- Center for Open Access Genomic Analysis (CALAnGO), Federal University of Vale of São Francisco (Univasf), Petrolina 56304-917, Pernambuco, Brazil
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Dong J, Yan T, Yang Q, Zhou S, Song Y, Liu Y, Ma L, Xu N, Yang Y, Ai X. Inhibitory Effect of Polydatin Against Aeromonas hydrophila Infections by Reducing Aerolysin Production. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:937463. [PMID: 35909695 PMCID: PMC9330046 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.937463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The fast-growing demand for aquatic products has led to the rapid development of aquaculture. However, diseases caused by bacterial pathogens result in severe economic losses all over the world. Although the introduction of antibiotics to aquaculture decreased the mortality of infectious diseases, the emergence of antibiotic resistance caused treatment failure. Therefore, drugs with novel strategies are needed for combatting infections caused by resistant bacterial strains. In the present study, aerolysin was identified as a target for developing drugs from natural compounds against Aeromonas hydrophila (A. hydrophila) infections. We found that polydatin without an inhibitory effect against A. hydrophila growth could decrease the hemolysis mediated by aerolysin. In both western blot and qPCR assays, the addition of polydatin decreased the production of aerolysin by downregulating the aerolysin encoding gene. Moreover, cell viability and animal studies found that polydatin could reduce the pathogenesis of A. hydrophila both in vitro and in vivo. Taken together, these findings provided a novel approach and candidate for treating resistant A. hydrophila infections in aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Dong
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Tianhui Yan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Bohai University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Qiuhong Yang
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Shun Zhou
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Yi Song
- Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yongtao Liu
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Liang Ma
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Ning Xu
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Yibin Yang
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaohui Ai
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, China
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Zhang Y, Li X, Tian H, An B, Yan B, Cai J. Vegetative Insecticidal Protein Vip3Aa Is Transported via Membrane Vesicles in Bacillus thuringiensis BMB171. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14070480. [PMID: 35878218 PMCID: PMC9319297 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14070480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Vegetative insecticidal protein Vip3Aa, secreted by many Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) strains during the vegetative growth stage, represents the second-generation insecticidal toxin. In recent years, significant progress has been made on its structure and action mechanism. However, how it is translocated across the cytoplasmic membrane into the environment remains a mystery. This work demonstrates that Vip3Aa is not secreted by the General Secretion (Sec) System. To reveal the secretory pathway of Vip3A, we purified the membrane vesicles (MVs) of B. thuringiensis BMB171 and observed by TEM. The size of MVs was determined by the dynamic light scattering method, and their diameter was approximately 40–200 nm, which is consistent with the vesicles in Gram-negative bacteria. Moreover, Vip3A could be detected in the purified MVs by Western blot, and immunoelectron microscopy reveals Vip3A antibody-coated gold particles located in the MVs. After deleting its signal peptide, chitinase B (ChiB) failed to be secreted. However, the recombinant ChiB, whose signal peptide was substituted with the N-terminal 39 amino acids from Vip3A, was secreted successfully through MVs. Thus, this sequence is proposed as the signal region responsible for vesicle transport. Together, our results revealed for the first time that Vip3Aa is transported to the medium via MVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizhuo Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; (Y.Z.); (X.L.); (H.T.); (B.A.); (B.Y.)
| | - Xuelian Li
- Department of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; (Y.Z.); (X.L.); (H.T.); (B.A.); (B.Y.)
| | - Hongwei Tian
- Department of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; (Y.Z.); (X.L.); (H.T.); (B.A.); (B.Y.)
| | - Baoju An
- Department of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; (Y.Z.); (X.L.); (H.T.); (B.A.); (B.Y.)
| | - Bing Yan
- Department of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; (Y.Z.); (X.L.); (H.T.); (B.A.); (B.Y.)
| | - Jun Cai
- Department of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; (Y.Z.); (X.L.); (H.T.); (B.A.); (B.Y.)
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300071, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Microbial Functional Genomics, Tianjin 300071, China
- Correspondence:
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Chen H, Zhao Y, Chen K, Wei Y, Luo H, Li Y, Liu F, Zhu Z, Hu W, Luo D. Isolation, Identification, and Investigation of Pathogenic Bacteria From Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio) Naturally Infected With Plesiomonas shigelloides. Front Immunol 2022; 13:872896. [PMID: 35844551 PMCID: PMC9279890 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.872896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Various bacterial diseases have caused great economic losses to the high-density and intensive aquaculture industry; however, the pathogenic mechanism underlying the large-scale challenged to caused by many bacteria remain unclear, making the prevention and treatment of these diseases difficult. In the present study, we isolated a bacterial strain from Cyprinus carpio having a typical bacterial disease and named it Cc2021. Through subsequent morphological observations, a regression challenge, biochemical identification, and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, we determined Cc2021 to be Plesiomonas shigelloides. Subsequently, we comprehensively investigated the pathogenicity of P. shigelloides in C. carpio through a regression challenge and assessed the underlying the pathogenic mechanism. Mortality results revealed that P. shigelloides is highly pathogenic and infects various tissues throughout the body, resulting in edema of the liver, spleen, and body and head kidneys. Histopathological analysis revealed obvious inflammation, bleeding, and necrosis in the intestine, spleen, and head kidney. The body’s immune tissues actively produce complement C3, superoxide dismutase, and lysozyme after a challenge to resist bacterial invasion. With regard to the underlying pathogenesis of P. shigelloides, comparative transcriptome analysis revealed 876 upregulated genes and 828 downregulated genes in the intestine of C. carpio after the challenge. Analysis of differentially expressed unigenes revealed the involvement of major immune pathways, particularly the TNF signaling pathway, interleukin (IL)-17 signaling pathway, and Toll-like receptor signaling pathway. The present study provides new valuable information on the immune system and defense mechanisms of P. shigelloides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijie Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Institute of Hydrobiology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuanli Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Institute of Hydrobiology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Kuangxin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Institute of Hydrobiology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yulai Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Institute of Hydrobiology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hongrui Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Institute of Hydrobiology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Yongming Li
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Institute of Hydrobiology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Fei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Institute of Hydrobiology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zuoyan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Institute of Hydrobiology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Institute of Hydrobiology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Daji Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Institute of Hydrobiology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Daji Luo,
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