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Akhter MS, Rahman MA, Ripon RK, Mubarak M, Akter M, Mahbub S, Al Mamun F, Sikder MT. A systematic review on green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using plants extract and their bio-medical applications. Heliyon 2024; 10:e29766. [PMID: 38828360 PMCID: PMC11140609 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Nanoparticles have recently become considered as a crucial player in contemporary medicine, with therapeutic uses ranging from contrast agents in imaging to carriers for the transport of drugs and genes into a specific target. Nanoparticles have the ability to have more precise molecular interactions with the human body in order to target specific cells and tissues with minimal adverse effects and maximal therapeutic outcomes. With the least number of side effects and the greatest possible therapeutic benefit, nanoparticles can target particular cells and tissues through more precise molecular interactions with the human body. The majority of global public health problems are now treated with green synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), which substantially affect the fundamental structure of DNA and proteins and thus display their antimicrobial action. AgNPs can inhibit the proliferation of tumor cells and induce oxidative stress. By inhibiting vascular endothelial growth factor (HIF)-1, pro-inflammatory mediators generated by silver nanoparticles are reduced, mucin hypersecretion is lessened, and gene activity is subsequently regulated to prevent infections. The biogenic synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using various plants and their applications in antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and antidiabetic activities have been extensively discussed in this article. Also, because only natural substances are utilized in the manufacturing process, the particles that are created naturally are coated, stabilized, and play a vital role in these biomedical actions. The characterization of AgNPs, possibility of preparing AgNPSs with different shapes using biological method and their impact on functions and toxicities, impact of size, shape and other properties on AgNPs functions and toxicity profiles, limitations, and future prospects of green-mediated AgNPs have also been reported in this study. The major goal of this study is to provide readers with a comprehensive, informed, and up-to-date summary of the various AgNPs production and characterization methods and their under-investigational antioxidant, antibacterial, and anticancer, antidiabetic, antifungal and anti-inflammatory properties. This review provides instructions and suggestions for additional studies based on AgNPs. This evaluation also pushes researchers to look into natural resources like plant parts in order to create useful nanobiotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mst. Sanjida Akhter
- Health and Environmental Epidemiology Laboratory (HEEL), Department of Public Health and Informatics, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, 1342, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Ataur Rahman
- Department of Pharmacy, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Santosh, Tangail, 1902, Bangladesh
| | - Rezaul Karim Ripon
- Department of Environmental Health Epidemiology, Harvard T H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Mahfuza Mubarak
- Health and Environmental Epidemiology Laboratory (HEEL), Department of Public Health and Informatics, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, 1342, Bangladesh
| | - Mahmuda Akter
- Faculty of Arts and Science, New York University Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Shamim Mahbub
- Nuclear Safety, Security & Safeguards Division, Bangladesh Atomic Energy Regulatory Authority, 12/A, Shahid Shahabuddin Shorok, Agargaon, Dhaka, 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Firoj Al Mamun
- Department of Public Health, University of South Asia, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Tajuddin Sikder
- Health and Environmental Epidemiology Laboratory (HEEL), Department of Public Health and Informatics, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, 1342, Bangladesh
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Xie H, Gu Q, Chen W, Meng X, Guo Z, Zhang Y, Li H. Mitigation of oxidative stress and inflammatory factors, along with the antibrowning and antimicrobial effects of cassia seed microbial fermentation solution. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1400505. [PMID: 38784817 PMCID: PMC11112119 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1400505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Cassia seeds, originating from the mature seeds of leguminous cassia species, possess pharmacological effects attributed to their rich composition of various active ingredients, notably anthraquinones. While current research predominantly focuses on pharmaceutical extractions, there has been limited progress in fermentation studies. Methods Our study aimed to enhance the content of active compounds such as anthraquinones, flavonoids, and polyphenols using microbial fermentation techniques. We specifically optimized a fermentation system through a single-factor experimental design. Results The antioxidant properties of the fermentation solution were validated through assays involving HaCaT cells and zebrafish. We observed effective suppression of inflammatory reactions in both RAW264.7 cells and transgenic zebrafish by the fermentation solution. Moreover, significant inhibition of tyrosinase activity and melanin production was evident in B16-F10 cells and zebrafish. Positive outcomes were also obtained in antibacterial assays and chick embryo experiments. Discussion These findings highlight the potential of cassia seed fermentation solution as a safe and eco-friendly material in food chemistry and biomedical sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haohui Xie
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Quliang Gu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weiji Chen
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiangyu Meng
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenyu Guo
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Qingdao Benyue Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Qingdao, China
| | - He Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
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Wu LR, Peng QY, Li XJ, Guo MY, He JQ, Ying HZ, Yu CH. Daqing formula ameliorated allergic asthma and airway dysbacteriosis in mice challenged with ovalbumin and ampicillin. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 318:117056. [PMID: 37597673 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Asthma is a chronic airway inflammatory disease that can lead to several complications caused by bacterial infections. However, recurrent attacks of the disease require long-term use of antibiotics, resulting in lung dysbiosis and poor outcomes. Daqing Formula (DQF) is a well-known herbal medicine in Pharmacopoeia of China, which is widely used for various stimuli-induced lower respiratory diseases, including asthma, bronchitis, and pneumonia. Thus, it has been demonstrated to be a plant-derived broad-spectrum antibiotic for treating and preventing various acute and chronic respiratory diseases. AIM OF THE STUDY This study evaluated the efficacy and possible mechanism of DQF on allergic asthma and airway dysbiosis. METHODS AND MATERIALS The mice were co-challenged with ovalbumin and ampicillin to induce allergic asthma combined with airway dysbacteriosis. The populations of lung microbiota were detected by using 16s DNA sequencing. The levels of asthmatic markers in BALF were detected by ELISA. The levels of Th1/Th2 cytokines in splenic CD4+ cells of mice were analyzed by flow cytometry. The expressions of the GSK-3β signaling pathway in the lung tissues of asthmatic mice and eosinophils were detected by western blotting assay. The inhibition of DQF on the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in eosinophils of asthmatic mice. RESULTS The results showed that treatment with DQF at 200-800 mg/kg doses significantly reduced the frequency of nasal rubbing and lung inflammation as well as the number of total cells, eosinophils, and macrophages in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. It decreased the relative abundances of Streptococcus, Cuoriavidus, and Moraxella, increased Akkermansia and Prevotella_6 in lung tissues of asthmatic mice, and inhibited the growth of Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Streptococcus pneumoniae and their resistant strains in vitro. Furthermore, DQF reduced the levels of eotaxin, TSLP, IL-4, IL-5, IL-25, and IL-33, but enhanced IFN-γ and IL-12 in BALF. It elevated the population of Th1 cells, inhibited eosinophil activation, and downregulated the expressions of p-GSK-3β, p-p65, nuclear β-catenin, and p-STAT3 in the lung tissues of asthmatic mice. CONCLUSIONS The results revealed that DQF reduced airway inflammation, ameliorated lung dysbiosis, shifted the Th1/Th2 balance, and inhibited eosinophil activation in asthmatic mice, indicating its potential for severe asthma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Ren Wu
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Animal and Safety Evaluation, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310013, China
| | - Qian-Yu Peng
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Animal and Safety Evaluation, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310013, China
| | - Xue-Jian Li
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Animal and Safety Evaluation, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310013, China
| | - Mei-Ying Guo
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Animal and Safety Evaluation, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310013, China
| | - Jia-Qi He
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Hua-Zhong Ying
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Animal and Safety Evaluation, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310013, China.
| | - Chen-Huan Yu
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Animal and Safety Evaluation, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310013, China; Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Hangzhou, 310022, China; Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310018, China.
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Baishya T, Das P, Ashraf GJ, Dua TK, Paul P, Nandi G, Dutta A, Limbu D, Kumar A, Adhikari MD, Bhattacharya M, Sahu R. Preparation of silver nanoparticles by Osbeckia stellata aqueous extract via green synthesis approach: Characterization and assessment of their antioxidant, antidiabetic, cytotoxicity, and antibacterial properties. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2023; 70:2097-2107. [PMID: 37700428 DOI: 10.1002/bab.2512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) via green synthesis using medicinal plants have been widely used in natural product research due to the economical and eco-friendly properties of NPs. The plant-derived Ag NPs biosynthesis comprises the interaction between silver nitrate (precursor) and bioactive components of plant extract (reducing agents). In this work, Ag NPs were biosynthesized using Osbeckia stellata leaves aqueous extract. Characterization of Ag NPs was done by using ultraviolet-visible absorption (UV-Vis) spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering (DLS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX). Further, antioxidant, antidiabetic, cytotoxicity, and antimicrobial activities were evaluated to establish the pharmacological properties of Ag NPs. UV-Vis spectroscopy and FTIR showed an absorption peak of Ag NPs due to the surface plasmonic resonance. In contrast, the particle size in the nanometer range was analyzed by XRD and DLS. The size of the particle was confirmed by the SEM, TEM, and EDX in the nanometer range. This study showed the spherical shape and crystalline nature of NPs. Zeta potential was used to determine the stability of Ag NPs. Biosynthesized Ag NPs showed significantly potent antioxidant, antidiabetic, and cytotoxicity activity. Ag NPs also showed effectiveness against gram-positive (Escherichia coli) and gram-negative (Staphylococcus aureus) bacteria in the antimicrobial activity study. The result concluded that these Ag NPs might be used in biomedical and pharmacological fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania Baishya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of North Bengal, Darjeeling, West Bengal, India
- Department of Tea Science, University of North Bengal, Darjeeling, West Bengal, India
| | - Priya Das
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of North Bengal, Darjeeling, West Bengal, India
| | - Gouhar Jahan Ashraf
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of North Bengal, Darjeeling, West Bengal, India
| | - Tarun Kumar Dua
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of North Bengal, Darjeeling, West Bengal, India
| | - Paramita Paul
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of North Bengal, Darjeeling, West Bengal, India
| | - Gouranga Nandi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of North Bengal, Darjeeling, West Bengal, India
| | - Ankita Dutta
- Department of Biotechnology, University of North Bengal, Darjeeling, West Bengal, India
| | - Divya Limbu
- Department of Biotechnology, University of North Bengal, Darjeeling, West Bengal, India
| | - Anoop Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, University of North Bengal, Darjeeling, West Bengal, India
| | - Manab Deb Adhikari
- Department of Biotechnology, University of North Bengal, Darjeeling, West Bengal, India
| | - Malay Bhattacharya
- Department of Tea Science, University of North Bengal, Darjeeling, West Bengal, India
| | - Ranabir Sahu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of North Bengal, Darjeeling, West Bengal, India
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Khan HA, Ghufran M, Shams S, Jamal A, Khan A, Abdullah, Awan ZA, Khan MI. Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles from plant Fagonia cretica and evaluating its anti-diabetic activity through indepth in-vitro and in-vivo analysis. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1194809. [PMID: 37936909 PMCID: PMC10625996 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1194809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the most widespread metabolic diseases, Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is defined by high blood sugar levels brought on by decreased insulin secretion, reduced insulin action, or both. Due to its cost-effectiveness and eco-friendliness, plant-mediated green synthesis of nanomaterials has become more and more popular. The aim of the study is to synthesize AgNPs, their characterizations and further in-vitro and in-vivo studies. Several methods were used to morphologically characterise the AgNPs. The AgNPs were crystalline, spherical, and clustered, with sizes ranging from 20 to 50 nm. AgNPs were found to contain various functional groups using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. This study focuses on the green-synthesis of AgNPs from Fagonia cretica (F. cretica) leaves extract to evaluate their synthesized AgNPs for in-vitro and in-vivo anti-diabetic function. For the in-vivo tests, 20 male Balb/C albino-mice were split up into four different groups. Anti-diabetic in-vivo studies showed significant weight gain and a decrease in all biochemical markers (pancreas panel, liver function panel, renal function panel, and lipid profile) in Streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice. In vitro anti-diabetic investigations were also conducted on AgNPs, comprising α-amylase, α-glucosidase inhibitions, and antioxidant assays. AgNPs showed antioxidant activity in both the DPPH and ABTS assays. The research showed that the isolated nanoparticles have powerful antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory properties, especially against the main enzymes involved in T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haider Ali Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Mehreen Ghufran
- Department of Pathology, Medical Teaching Institution Bacha Khan Medical College (BKMC) Mardan, Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Sulaiman Shams
- Department of Biochemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Alam Jamal
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abbas Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Abdullah
- Department of Environmental Science, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Zuhier A. Awan
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Imran Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Centre of Artificial Intelligence for Precision Medicines, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Eltahawy NA, Swidan SA, Nafie MS, Saeedan AS, Nasr AM, Badr JM, Abdelhameed RFA. Silver nanoparticles formulation of Marrubium alysson L. phenolic extract potentiates cytotoxicity through apoptosis with molecular docking study as Bcl-2 inhibitors. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023:1-13. [PMID: 37817536 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2267666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Abstract
Crude or semi-purified extracts of plants can play a significant role as antitumor agents. They were used as stabilizing and reducing agents in the preparation of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) that allows these particles to have more efficient cytotoxic activity. In the current study, the extract of Marrubium alysson L., a plant of common occurrence in Egypt was used to synthesize AgNPs for the first time, where comparison of anticancer activity of crude and phenolic extracts with the AgNPs were extensively studied against cancer cell lines PC-3 and HCT-116. Interestingly, AgNPs of the crude extract exhibited promising cytotoxicity with IC50 values of 10.4 and 16.3 μg/ml, while AgNPs of the phenolic extract exhibited very potent cytotoxicity with IC50 values of 2.66 and 1.34 μg/ml compared to Doxorubicin (as a standard reference drug) that exhibited IC50 values of 5.13 and 4.36 μg/ml, respectively against the tested cells. Additionally, AgNPs of the phenolic extract induced apoptosis in HCT-116 with a higher ratio than in PC-3 cells. It induced apoptosis in PC-3 cells by 79.3-fold change, while it induced total colon apoptotic cell death by 228.3-fold change compared to untreated control. Finally, the apoptotic activity of AgNPs of the phenolic extract in the treated PC-3 and HCT-116 cells was confirmed using RT-PCR. As a result, AgNPs of the phenolic extract could be considered a promising anticancer candidate through apoptosis-induction.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nermeen A Eltahawy
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Shady A Swidan
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt, El-Sherouk City, Egypt
- The Centre for Drug Research and Development (CDRD), Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt, El-Sherouk City, Egypt
| | - Mohamed S Nafie
- Chemistry Department, College of Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Abdulaziz S Saeedan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Collage of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali M Nasr
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Port Said University, Port Said, Egypt
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Galala University, New Galala, Egypt
| | - Jihan M Badr
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Reda F A Abdelhameed
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Galala University, New Galala, Egypt
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El-Ansary AE, Omran AAA, Mohamed HI, El-Mahdy OM. Green synthesized silver nanoparticles mediated by Fusarium nygamai isolate AJTYC1: characterizations, antioxidant, antimicrobial, anticancer, and photocatalytic activities and cytogenetic effects. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:100477-100499. [PMID: 37626196 PMCID: PMC10541848 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-29414-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Green biosynthesized nanoparticles have a bright future because they can be produced using a method that is more energy-efficient, cost-effective, repeatable, and environmentally friendly than physical or chemical synthesis. In this study, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were produced using the Fusarium nygamai isolate AJTYC1. Several techniques were used to characterize the synthesized AgNPs, including UV-Vis spectroscopy, transmission electron microscope, zeta potential analysis, X-ray diffraction analysis, energy dispersive X-ray, and Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy. AgNPs showed a distinctive surface plasmon resonance (SPR) peak in the UV-visible range at 310 nm. The morphology of the biosynthesized AgNPs was spherical, and the TEM image shows that they ranged in size from 27.3 to 53.1 nm. The notable peaks of the FT-IR results show the different groups for the alkane, alkynes, cyclic alkenes, carboxylic, aromatic amine, esters, and phenolics. Additionally, the results showed that AgNPs had superior antioxidant activity when compared to ascorbic acid and butylated hydroxytoluene, which is a powerful antioxidant. Additionally, AgNPs have antibacterial action utilizing agar diffusion against gram-positive bacteria, gram-negative bacteria, and antifungal activity. AgNPs' anticancer activity varied depending on the type of cancer it was used to treat, including hepatocellular cancer (HepG2), colorectal carcinoma (HCT116), and breast cancer of the mammary gland (MCF7). The viability of the cancer cell lines was reduced with increasing AgNP concentration. AgNPs also demonstrated promising photocatalytic activity by reducing methylene blue, safranin, crystal violet, and green malachite by 88.3%, 81.5%, 76.4%, and 78.2%, respectively. In addition, AgNPs significantly affected the Allium cepa plant's mitotic index and resulted in chromosomal abnormalities as compared to the control. Thus, the synthesized AgNPs demonstrated an efficient, eco-friendly, and sustainable method for decolorizing dyes as well as antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal, and anticancer activities. This could be a huge victory in the fight against numerous dynamic diseases and lessen wastewater dye contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abeer E El-Ansary
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Gamma St, Giza, 12613, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A A Omran
- Biological and Geological Sciences Department, Faculty of Education, Ain Shams University, Cairo, 11341, Egypt
| | - Heba I Mohamed
- Biological and Geological Sciences Department, Faculty of Education, Ain Shams University, Cairo, 11341, Egypt.
| | - Omima M El-Mahdy
- Biological and Geological Sciences Department, Faculty of Education, Ain Shams University, Cairo, 11341, Egypt
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