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Madhubala D, Patra A, Khan MR, Mukherjee AK. Phytomedicine for neurodegenerative diseases: The road ahead. Phytother Res 2024; 38:2993-3019. [PMID: 38600725 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.8192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders (NDs) are among the most common causes of death across the globe. NDs are characterized by progressive damage to CNS neurons, leading to defects in specific brain functions such as memory, cognition, and movement. The most common NDs are Parkinson's, Alzheimer's, Huntington's, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Despite extensive research, no therapeutics or medications against NDs have been proven to be effective. The current treatment of NDs involving symptom-based targeting of the disease pathogenesis has certain limitations, such as drug resistance, adverse side effects, poor blood-brain barrier permeability, and poor bioavailability of drugs. Some studies have shown that plant-derived natural compounds hold tremendous promise for treating and preventing NDs. Therefore, the primary objective of this review article is to critically analyze the properties and potency of some of the most studied phytomedicines, such as quercetin, curcumin, epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), apigenin, and cannabinoids, and highlight their advantages and limitations for developing next-generation alternative treatments against NDs. Further extensive research on pre-clinical and clinical studies for developing plant-based drugs against NDs from bench to bedside is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dev Madhubala
- Microbial Biotechnology and Protein Research Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, Tezpur, Assam, India
- Division of Life Sciences, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Aparup Patra
- Division of Life Sciences, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Mojibur R Khan
- Division of Life Sciences, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Ashis K Mukherjee
- Microbial Biotechnology and Protein Research Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, Tezpur, Assam, India
- Division of Life Sciences, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology, Guwahati, Assam, India
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Clemente-Suárez VJ, Redondo-Flórez L, Beltrán-Velasco AI, Belinchón-deMiguel P, Ramos-Campo DJ, Curiel-Regueros A, Martín-Rodríguez A, Tornero-Aguilera JF. The Interplay of Sports and Nutrition in Neurological Health and Recovery. J Clin Med 2024; 13:2065. [PMID: 38610829 PMCID: PMC11012304 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13072065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
This comprehensive review explores the dynamic relationship between sports, nutrition, and neurological health. Focusing on recent clinical advancements, it examines how physical activity and dietary practices influence the prevention, treatment, and rehabilitation of various neurological conditions. The review highlights the role of neuroimaging in understanding these interactions, discusses emerging technologies in neurotherapeutic interventions, and evaluates the efficacy of sports and nutritional strategies in enhancing neurological recovery. This synthesis of current knowledge aims to provide a deeper understanding of how lifestyle factors can be integrated into clinical practices to improve neurological outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicente Javier Clemente-Suárez
- Faculty of Sports Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Tajo Street, s/n, 28670 Madrid, Spain; (V.J.C.-S.); (A.C.-R.); (J.F.T.-A.)
- Grupo de Investigación en Cultura, Educación y Sociedad, Universidad de la Costa, Barranquilla 080002, Colombia
| | - Laura Redondo-Flórez
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, C/Tajo s/n, Villaviciosa de Odón, 28670 Madrid, Spain;
| | | | - Pedro Belinchón-deMiguel
- Department of Nursing and Nutrition, Faculty of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Villaviciosa de Odón, 28670 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Domingo Jesús Ramos-Campo
- LFE Research Group, Department of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Science-INEF, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Agustín Curiel-Regueros
- Faculty of Sports Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Tajo Street, s/n, 28670 Madrid, Spain; (V.J.C.-S.); (A.C.-R.); (J.F.T.-A.)
| | - Alexandra Martín-Rodríguez
- Faculty of Sports Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Tajo Street, s/n, 28670 Madrid, Spain; (V.J.C.-S.); (A.C.-R.); (J.F.T.-A.)
| | - José Francisco Tornero-Aguilera
- Faculty of Sports Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Tajo Street, s/n, 28670 Madrid, Spain; (V.J.C.-S.); (A.C.-R.); (J.F.T.-A.)
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3
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Hase Y, Jobson D, Cheong J, Gotama K, Maffei L, Hase M, Hamdan A, Ding R, Polivkoski T, Horsburgh K, Kalaria RN. Hippocampal capillary pericytes in post-stroke and vascular dementias and Alzheimer's disease and experimental chronic cerebral hypoperfusion. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2024; 12:29. [PMID: 38360798 PMCID: PMC10870440 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-024-01737-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Neurovascular unit mural cells called 'pericytes' maintain the blood-brain barrier and local cerebral blood flow. Pathological changes in the hippocampus predispose to cognitive impairment and dementia. The role of hippocampal pericytes in dementia is largely unknown. We investigated hippocampal pericytes in 90 post-mortem brains from post-stroke dementia (PSD), vascular dementia (VaD), Alzheimer's disease (AD), and AD-VaD (Mixed) subjects, and post-stroke non-demented survivors as well as similar age controls. We used collagen IV immunohistochemistry to determine pericyte densities and a mouse model of VaD to validate the effects of chronic cerebral hypoperfusion. Despite increased trends in hippocampal microvascular densities across all dementias, mean pericyte densities were reduced by ~25-40% in PSD, VaD and AD subjects compared to those in controls, which calculated to 14.1 ± 0.7 per mm capillary length, specifically in the cornu ammonis (CA) 1 region (P = 0.01). In mice with chronic bilateral carotid artery occlusion, hippocampal pericyte loss was ~60% relative to controls (P < 0.001). Pericyte densities were correlated with CA1 volumes (r = 0.54, P = 0.006) but not in any other sub-region. However, mice subjected to the full-time environmental enrichment (EE) paradigm showed remarkable attenuation of hippocampal CA1 pericyte loss in tandem with CA1 atrophy. Our results suggest loss of hippocampal microvascular pericytes across common dementias is explained by a vascular aetiology, whilst the EE paradigm offers significant protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiki Hase
- Neurovascular Research Group, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Campus for Ageing & Vitality, Newcastle University, NE4 5PL, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Dan Jobson
- Neurovascular Research Group, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Campus for Ageing & Vitality, Newcastle University, NE4 5PL, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Jeremy Cheong
- Neurovascular Research Group, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Campus for Ageing & Vitality, Newcastle University, NE4 5PL, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Kelvin Gotama
- Neurovascular Research Group, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Campus for Ageing & Vitality, Newcastle University, NE4 5PL, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Luciana Maffei
- Neurovascular Research Group, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Campus for Ageing & Vitality, Newcastle University, NE4 5PL, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Mai Hase
- Neurovascular Research Group, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Campus for Ageing & Vitality, Newcastle University, NE4 5PL, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Alhafidz Hamdan
- Neurovascular Research Group, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Campus for Ageing & Vitality, Newcastle University, NE4 5PL, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Ren Ding
- Neurovascular Research Group, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Campus for Ageing & Vitality, Newcastle University, NE4 5PL, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Tuomo Polivkoski
- Neurovascular Research Group, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Campus for Ageing & Vitality, Newcastle University, NE4 5PL, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Karen Horsburgh
- Centre for Neuroregeneration, University of Edinburgh, Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Raj N Kalaria
- Neurovascular Research Group, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Campus for Ageing & Vitality, Newcastle University, NE4 5PL, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
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Sheikh AM, Yano S, Tabassum S, Nagai A. The Role of the Vascular System in Degenerative Diseases: Mechanisms and Implications. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2169. [PMID: 38396849 PMCID: PMC10889477 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Degenerative diseases, encompassing a wide range of conditions affecting various organ systems, pose significant challenges to global healthcare systems. This comprehensive review explores the intricate interplay between the vascular system and degenerative diseases, shedding light on the underlying mechanisms and profound implications for disease progression and management. The pivotal role of the vascular system in maintaining tissue homeostasis is highlighted, as it serves as the conduit for oxygen, nutrients, and immune cells to vital organs and tissues. Due to the vital role of the vascular system in maintaining homeostasis, its dysfunction, characterized by impaired blood flow, endothelial dysfunction, and vascular inflammation, emerges as a common denominator of degenerative diseases across multiple systems. In the nervous system, we explored the influence of vascular factors on neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's, emphasizing the critical role of cerebral blood flow regulation and the blood-brain barrier. Within the kidney system, the intricate relationship between vascular health and chronic kidney disease is scrutinized, unraveling the mechanisms by which hypertension and other vascular factors contribute to renal dysfunction. Throughout this review, we emphasize the clinical significance of understanding vascular involvement in degenerative diseases and potential therapeutic interventions targeting vascular health, highlighting emerging treatments and prevention strategies. In conclusion, a profound appreciation of the role of the vascular system in degenerative diseases is essential for advancing our understanding of degenerative disease pathogenesis and developing innovative approaches for prevention and treatment. This review provides a comprehensive foundation for researchers, clinicians, and policymakers seeking to address the intricate relationship between vascular health and degenerative diseases in pursuit of improved patient outcomes and enhanced public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Md. Sheikh
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, 89-1 Enya Cho, Izumo 693-8501, Japan; (S.Y.); (S.T.); (A.N.)
| | - Shozo Yano
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, 89-1 Enya Cho, Izumo 693-8501, Japan; (S.Y.); (S.T.); (A.N.)
| | - Shatera Tabassum
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, 89-1 Enya Cho, Izumo 693-8501, Japan; (S.Y.); (S.T.); (A.N.)
| | - Atsushi Nagai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, 89-1 Enya Cho, Izumo 693-8501, Japan; (S.Y.); (S.T.); (A.N.)
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, 89-1 Enya Cho, Izumo 693-8501, Japan
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Luo S, Deng L, Chen Y, Zhou W, Canavese F, Li L. Does enhanced cognitive performance reduce fracture risk? a Mendelian randomization study. Aging (Albany NY) 2023; 15:14985-14995. [PMID: 38112588 PMCID: PMC10781472 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE While observational studies have suggested a link between cognitive performance and fracture risk, the causality and site-specific nature are unclear. We applied Mendelian randomization (MR) to elucidate these associations. METHODS 147 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) tied strongly to cognitive performance (p< 5e-8) were selected. We performed MR analysis to investigate the causal relationship between cognitive performance and fractures at specific sites, including the wrist, upper arm, shoulder, ribs, sternum, thoracic spine, lumbar spine, pelvis, femur, leg, and ankle. The primary estimate was determined using the inverse variance-weighted method. Additionally, we examined heterogeneity using the MR Pleiotropy RESidual Sum Outlier test and Cochran Q, and employed MR-Egger regression to identify horizontal pleiotropy. RESULTS MR analysis identified a causal association between cognitive performance and fractures at the lumbar-spine-pelvis (odds ratio [OR] = 0.727, 95% CI = 0.552-0.956, p = 0.023), and ribs-sternum-thoracic spine sites (OR = 0.774, 95% CI = 0.615-0.974, p = 0.029). However, no causal association was found for fractures at other sites. CONCLUSIONS This study provided evidence of a causal connection between cognitive performance and fracture risk at certain locations. These findings underline the potential of cognitive enhancement strategies as innovative and effective methods for fracture prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoting Luo
- Department of Pediatric Orthopedics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Linfang Deng
- Department of Nursing, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Yufan Chen
- Department of Pediatric Orthopedics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Weizheng Zhou
- Department of Pediatric Orthopedics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Federico Canavese
- Department of Pediatric Orthopedic Surgery, Lille University Centre, Jeanne de Flandre Hospital, Lille 59000, Nord Department, France
| | - Lianyong Li
- Department of Pediatric Orthopedics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning, P.R. China
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Morella I, Negro M, Dossena M, Brambilla R, D'Antona G. Gut-muscle-brain axis: Molecular mechanisms in neurodegenerative disorders and potential therapeutic efficacy of probiotic supplementation coupled with exercise. Neuropharmacology 2023; 240:109718. [PMID: 37774944 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2023.109718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
Increased longevity is often associated with age-related conditions. The most common neurodegenerative disorders in the older population are Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD), associated with progressive neuronal loss leading to functional and cognitive impairments. Although symptomatic treatments are available, there is currently no cure for these conditions. Gut dysbiosis has been involved in the pathogenesis of AD and PD, thus interventions targeting the "gut-brain axis" could potentially prevent or delay these pathologies. Recent evidence suggests that the skeletal muscle and the gut microbiota can affect each other via the "gut-muscle axis". Importantly, cognitive functions in AD and PD patients significantly benefit from physical activity. In this review, we aim to provide a comprehensive picture of the crosstalk between the brain, the skeletal muscle and the gut microbiota, introducing the concept of "gut-muscle-brain axis". Moreover, we discuss human and animal studies exploring the modulatory role of exercise and probiotics on cognition in AD and PD. Collectively, the findings presented here support the potential benefits of physical activity and probiotic supplementation in AD and PD. Further studies will be needed to develop targeted and multimodal strategies, including lifestyle changes, to prevent or delay the course of these pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Morella
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Innovation Institute, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Massimo Negro
- Centro di Ricerca Interdipartimentale Nelle Attività Motorie e Sportive (CRIAMS)-Sport Medicine Centre, University of Pavia, Voghera, Italy
| | - Maurizia Dossena
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Lazzaro Spallanzani", University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Riccardo Brambilla
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Innovation Institute, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK; Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Lazzaro Spallanzani", University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe D'Antona
- Centro di Ricerca Interdipartimentale Nelle Attività Motorie e Sportive (CRIAMS)-Sport Medicine Centre, University of Pavia, Voghera, Italy; Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
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7
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Santiago JA, Karthikeyan M, Lackey M, Villavicencio D, Potashkin JA. Diabetes: a tipping point in neurodegenerative diseases. Trends Mol Med 2023; 29:1029-1044. [PMID: 37827904 PMCID: PMC10844978 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2023.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes is associated with an increased risk and progression of Alzheimer's (AD) and Parkinson's (PD) diseases. Conversely, diabetes may confer neuroprotection against amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). It has been posited that perturbations in glucose and insulin regulation, cholesterol metabolism, and mitochondrial bioenergetics defects may underlie the molecular underpinnings of diabetes effects on the brain. Nevertheless, the precise molecular mechanisms remain elusive. Here, we discuss the evidence from molecular, epidemiological, and clinical studies investigating the impact of diabetes on neurodegeneration and highlight shared dysregulated pathways between these complex comorbidities. We also discuss promising antidiabetic drugs, molecular diagnostics currently in clinical trials, and outstanding questions and challenges for future pursuit.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Judith A Potashkin
- Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Therapeutics, Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology Department, The Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, USA.
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Koshatwar M, Acharya S, Prasad R, Lohakare T, Wanjari M, Taksande AB. Exploring the Potential of Antidiabetic Agents as Therapeutic Approaches for Alzheimer's and Parkinson's Diseases: A Comprehensive Review. Cureus 2023; 15:e44763. [PMID: 37809189 PMCID: PMC10556988 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.44763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's and Parkinson's are two prevalent neurodegenerative disorders with significant societal and healthcare burdens. The search for effective therapeutic approaches to combat these diseases has led to growing interest in exploring the potential of antidiabetic agents. This comprehensive review aims to provide a detailed overview of the current literature on using antidiabetic agents as therapeutic interventions for Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. We discuss the underlying pathological mechanisms of these neurodegenerative diseases, including protein misfolding, inflammation, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction. We then delve into the potential mechanisms by which antidiabetic agents may exert neuroprotective effects, including regulation of glucose metabolism and insulin signaling, anti-inflammatory effects, modulation of oxidative stress, and improvement of mitochondrial function and bioenergetics. We highlight in vitro, animal, and clinical studies that support the potential benefits of antidiabetic agents in reducing disease pathology and improving clinical outcomes. However, we also acknowledge these agents' limitations, variability in treatment response, and potential side effects. Furthermore, we explore emerging therapeutic targets and novel approaches, such as glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonists, insulin sensitizer drugs, neuroinflammation-targeted therapies, and precision medicine approaches. The review concludes by emphasizing the need for further research, including large-scale clinical trials, to validate the efficacy and safety of antidiabetic agents in treating Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. The collaboration between researchers, clinicians, and pharmaceutical companies is essential in advancing the field and effectively treating patients affected by these debilitating neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahima Koshatwar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Sourya Acharya
- Department of Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Roshan Prasad
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Tejaswee Lohakare
- Department of Child Health Nursing, Smt. Radhikabai Meghe Memorial College of Nursing, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Mayur Wanjari
- Department of Research and Development, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Avinash B Taksande
- Department of Physiology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
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Palanisamy CP, Pei J, Alugoju P, Anthikapalli NVA, Jayaraman S, Veeraraghavan VP, Gopathy S, Roy JR, Janaki CS, Thalamati D, Mironescu M, Luo Q, Miao Y, Chai Y, Long Q. New strategies of neurodegenerative disease treatment with extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Theranostics 2023; 13:4138-4165. [PMID: 37554286 PMCID: PMC10405853 DOI: 10.7150/thno.83066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by the progressive loss of neurons and intricate interactions between different cell types within the affected regions. Reliable biomarkers that can accurately reflect disease activity, diagnose, and monitor the progression of neurodegenerative diseases are crucial for the development of effective therapies. However, identifying suitable biomarkers has been challenging due to the heterogeneous nature of these diseases, affecting specific subsets of neurons in different brain regions. One promising approach for promoting brain regeneration and recovery involves the transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). MSCs have demonstrated the ability to modulate the immune system, promote neurite outgrowth, stimulate angiogenesis, and repair damaged tissues, partially through the release of their extracellular vesicles (EVs). MSC-derived EVs retain some of the therapeutic characteristics of their parent MSCs, including their ability to regulate neurite outgrowth, promote angiogenesis, and facilitate tissue repair. This review aims to explore the potential of MSC-derived EVs as an emerging therapeutic strategy for neurodegenerative diseases, highlighting their role in modulating disease progression and promoting neuronal recovery. By elucidating the mechanisms by which MSC-derived EVs exert their therapeutic effects, we can advance our understanding and leverage their potential for the development of novel treatment approaches in the field of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chella Perumal Palanisamy
- Mini-invasive Neurosurgery and Translational Medical Center, Xi'an Central Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 161, West 5th Road, Xincheng District, Xi'an, 710003, PR China
- Centre of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics (COMManD), Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College & Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical & Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai 600077, India
| | - JinJin Pei
- Qinba State Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Ecological Environment, 2011 QinLing-Bashan Mountains Bioresources Comprehensive Development C. I. C, Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources, College of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong 723001, China
| | - Phaniendra Alugoju
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | | | - Selvaraj Jayaraman
- Centre of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics (COMManD), Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College & Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical & Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai 600077, India
| | - Vishnu Priya Veeraraghavan
- Centre of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics (COMManD), Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College & Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical & Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai 600077, India
| | - Sridevi Gopathy
- Department of Physiology, SRM Dental College, Ramapuram campus, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600089, India
| | - Jeane Rebecca Roy
- Department of Anatomy, Bhaarath Medical College and hospital, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research (BIHER), Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600073, India
| | - Coimbatore Sadagopan Janaki
- Department of Anatomy, Bhaarath Medical College and hospital, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research (BIHER), Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600073, India
| | | | - Monica Mironescu
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences Food Industry and Environmental Protection, Lucian Blaga University of Sibiu, Bv. Victoriei 10, 550024 Sibiu, Romania
| | - Qiang Luo
- Mini-invasive Neurosurgery and Translational Medical Center, Xi'an Central Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 161, West 5th Road, Xincheng District, Xi'an, 710003, PR China
| | - Yu Miao
- Mini-invasive Neurosurgery and Translational Medical Center, Xi'an Central Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 161, West 5th Road, Xincheng District, Xi'an, 710003, PR China
| | - Yuan Chai
- Mini-invasive Neurosurgery and Translational Medical Center, Xi'an Central Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 161, West 5th Road, Xincheng District, Xi'an, 710003, PR China
| | - Qianfa Long
- Mini-invasive Neurosurgery and Translational Medical Center, Xi'an Central Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 161, West 5th Road, Xincheng District, Xi'an, 710003, PR China
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10
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Arora S, Santiago JA, Bernstein M, Potashkin JA. Diet and lifestyle impact the development and progression of Alzheimer's dementia. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1213223. [PMID: 37457976 PMCID: PMC10344607 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1213223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Dementia is a growing public health concern, with an estimated prevalence of 57 million adults worldwide. Alzheimer's disease (AD) accounts for 60-80% of the cases. Clinical trials testing potential drugs and neuroprotective agents have proven futile, and currently approved drugs only provide symptomatic benefits. Emerging epidemiological and clinical studies suggest that lifestyle changes, including diet and physical activity, offer an alternative therapeutic route for slowing and preventing cognitive decline and dementia. Age is the single most common risk factor for dementia, and it is associated with slowing cellular bioenergetics and metabolic processes. Therefore, a nutrient-rich diet is critical for optimal brain health. Furthermore, type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a risk factor for AD, and diets that reduce the risk of T2D may confer neuroprotection. Foods predominant in Mediterranean, MIND, and DASH diets, including fruits, leafy green vegetables, fish, nuts, and olive oil, may prevent or slow cognitive decline. The mechanisms by which these nutrients promote brain health, however, are not yet completely understood. Other dietary approaches and eating regimes, including ketogenic and intermittent fasting, are also emerging as beneficial for brain health. This review summarizes the pathophysiology, associated risk factors, and the potential neuroprotective pathways activated by several diets and eating regimes that have shown promising results in promoting brain health and preventing dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Arora
- Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Therapeutics, Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology Discipline, The Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, United States
| | | | - Melissa Bernstein
- Department of Nutrition, College of Health Professions, The Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Judith A. Potashkin
- Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Therapeutics, Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology Discipline, The Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, United States
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