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Losada-Barreiro S, Celik S, Sezgin-Bayindir Z, Bravo-Fernández S, Bravo-Díaz C. Carrier Systems for Advanced Drug Delivery: Improving Drug Solubility/Bioavailability and Administration Routes. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:852. [PMID: 39065549 PMCID: PMC11279846 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16070852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The disadvantages of some conventional drugs, including their low bioavailability, poor targeting efficiency, and important side effects, have led to the rational design of drug delivery systems. In particular, the introduction of drug delivery systems is a potential approach to enhance the uptake of therapeutic agents and deliver them at the right time and in the right amount of concentration at the required site, as well as open new strategies for effective illness treatment. In this review, we provide a basic understanding of drug delivery systems with an emphasis on the use of cyclodextrin-, polymer- and surfactant-based delivery systems. These systems are very attractive because they are biocompatible and biodegradable nanomaterials with multifunctional components. We also provide some details on their design considerations and their use in a variety of medical applications by employing several routes of administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Losada-Barreiro
- Departamento de Química-Física, Facultade de Química, Universidade de Vigo, 36200 Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain;
| | - Sumeyye Celik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, 06560 Ankara, Turkey (Z.S.-B.)
| | - Zerrin Sezgin-Bayindir
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, 06560 Ankara, Turkey (Z.S.-B.)
| | - Sofía Bravo-Fernández
- Dentistry Department, Primary Health Unit, Galician Health Service (SERGAS), Calle Mourin s/n, 15330 Ortigueira, A Coruña, Spain;
| | - Carlos Bravo-Díaz
- Departamento de Química-Física, Facultade de Química, Universidade de Vigo, 36200 Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain;
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Li L, Qu J, Liu W, Peng B, Cong S, Yu H, Zhang B, Li Y. Advancements in Characterization Techniques for Microemulsions: From Molecular Insights to Macroscopic Phenomena. Molecules 2024; 29:2901. [PMID: 38930964 PMCID: PMC11206267 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29122901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2024] [Revised: 06/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Microemulsions are thermodynamically stable, optically isotropic, transparent, or semi-transparent mixed solutions composed of two immiscible solvents stabilized by amphiphilic solutes. This comprehensive review explores state-of-the-art techniques for characterizing microemulsions, which are versatile solutions essential across various industries, such as pharmaceuticals, food, and petroleum. This article delves into spectroscopic methods, nuclear magnetic resonance, small-angle scattering, dynamic light scattering, conductometry, zeta potential analysis, cryo-electron microscopy, refractive index measurement, and differential scanning calorimetry, examining each technique's strengths, limitations, and potential applications. Emphasizing the necessity of a multi-technique approach for a thorough understanding, it underscores the importance of integrating diverse analytical methods to unravel microemulsion structures from molecular to macroscopic scales. This synthesis provides a roadmap for researchers and practitioners, fostering advancements in microemulsion science and its wide-ranging industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longfei Li
- Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development, Beijing 100083, China; (L.L.); (J.Q.); (B.P.); (S.C.); (B.Z.); (Y.L.)
- College of New Energy and Materials, China University of Petroleum-Beijing, Beijing 102249, China;
- National Elite Institute of Engineering, China National Petroleum Corporation (CNPC), Beijing 102200, China
| | - Jiepeng Qu
- Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development, Beijing 100083, China; (L.L.); (J.Q.); (B.P.); (S.C.); (B.Z.); (Y.L.)
- National Elite Institute of Engineering, China National Petroleum Corporation (CNPC), Beijing 102200, China
- School of Rare Earth, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Weidong Liu
- Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development, Beijing 100083, China; (L.L.); (J.Q.); (B.P.); (S.C.); (B.Z.); (Y.L.)
| | - Baoliang Peng
- Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development, Beijing 100083, China; (L.L.); (J.Q.); (B.P.); (S.C.); (B.Z.); (Y.L.)
| | - Sunan Cong
- Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development, Beijing 100083, China; (L.L.); (J.Q.); (B.P.); (S.C.); (B.Z.); (Y.L.)
| | - Haobo Yu
- College of New Energy and Materials, China University of Petroleum-Beijing, Beijing 102249, China;
| | - Biao Zhang
- Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development, Beijing 100083, China; (L.L.); (J.Q.); (B.P.); (S.C.); (B.Z.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yingying Li
- Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development, Beijing 100083, China; (L.L.); (J.Q.); (B.P.); (S.C.); (B.Z.); (Y.L.)
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Rudzińska M, Grygier A, Knight G, Kmiecik D. Liposomes as Carriers of Bioactive Compounds in Human Nutrition. Foods 2024; 13:1814. [PMID: 38928757 PMCID: PMC11202941 DOI: 10.3390/foods13121814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
This article provides an overview of the literature data on the role of liposomal structures and encapsulated substances in food technology and human nutrition. The paper briefly describes how liposomes are created and how they encapsulate food ingredients, which can either be individual compounds or plant extracts. Another very interesting application of liposomes is their use as antimicrobial carriers to protect food products from spoilage during storage. The encapsulation of food ingredients in liposomes can increase their bioavailability, which is particularly important for compounds with health-promoting properties but low bioavailability. Particular attention was paid to compounds such as phytosterols, which lower blood cholesterol levels but have very low absorption in the human body. In addition, consumer expectations and regulations for liposomes in food are discussed. To date, no in vivo human studies have been conducted to indicate which encapsulation methods give the best results for gastrointestinal effects and which food-added substances are most stable during food storage and processing. The paper identifies further lines of research that are needed before liposomes can be introduced into food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Rudzińska
- Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Life Sciences, 60-637 Poznań, Poland; (A.G.); (G.K.); (D.K.)
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Balmanno A, Falconer JR, Ravuri HG, Mills PC. Strategies to Improve the Transdermal Delivery of Poorly Water-Soluble Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:675. [PMID: 38794337 PMCID: PMC11124993 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16050675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The transdermal delivery of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) has the potential to overcome some of the major disadvantages relating to oral NSAID usage, such as gastrointestinal adverse events and compliance. However, the poor solubility of many of the newer NSAIDs creates challenges in incorporating the drugs into formulations suitable for application to skin and may limit transdermal permeation, particularly if the goal is therapeutic systemic drug concentrations. This review is an overview of the various strategies used to increase the solubility of poorly soluble NSAIDs and enhance their permeation through skin, such as the modification of the vehicle, the modification of or bypassing the barrier function of the skin, and using advanced nano-sized formulations. Furthermore, the simple yet highly versatile microemulsion system has been found to be a cost-effective and highly successful technology to deliver poorly water-soluble NSAIDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Balmanno
- School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton Campus, Gatton, QLD 4343, Australia;
| | - James R. Falconer
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Dutton Park Campus, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia;
| | - Halley G. Ravuri
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia;
| | - Paul C. Mills
- School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton Campus, Gatton, QLD 4343, Australia;
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Chavda VP, Balar PC, Bezbaruah R, Vaghela DA, Rynjah D, Bhattacharjee B, Sugandhi VV, Paiva-Santos AC. Nanoemulsions: Summary of a Decade of Research and Recent Advances. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2024; 19:519-536. [PMID: 38293801 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2023-0199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Nanoemulsions consist of a combination of several components such as oil, water, emulsifiers, surfactants and cosurfactants. Various techniques for producing nanoemulsions include high-energy and low-energy approaches such as high-pressure homogenization, microfluidization, jet disperser and phase inversion methods. The properties of a formulation can be influenced by elements such as the composition, concentration, size and charge of droplets, which in turn can affect the technique of manufacture. Characterization is conducted by the assessment of several factors such as physical properties, pH analysis, viscosity measurement and refractive index determination. This article offers a thorough examination of the latest developments in nanoemulsion technology, with a focus on their wide-ranging applications and promising future possibilities. It also discusses the administration of nanoemulsions through several methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek P Chavda
- Department of Pharmaceutics & Pharmaceutical Technology, L.M. College of Pharmacy, Ahmedabad, India, 380009
| | - Pankti C Balar
- Pharmacy Section, L.M. College of Pharmacy, Ahmedabad, India, 380009
| | - Rajashri Bezbaruah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science & Engineering, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, Assam, 786004, India
- Institute of Pharmacy, Assam Medical College & Hospital, Dibrugarh, Assam, 786002, India
| | - Dixa A Vaghela
- Pharmacy Section, L.M. College of Pharmacy, Ahmedabad, India, 380009
| | - Damanbhalang Rynjah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Girijananda Chowdhury Institute of Pharmaceutical Science - Tezpur, Sonitpur, Assam, 784501, India
| | - Bedanta Bhattacharjee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Girijananda Chowdhury Institute of Pharmaceutical Science - Tezpur, Sonitpur, Assam, 784501, India
| | - Vrashabh V Sugandhi
- Department of Industrial Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences St. John's University, New York, 11439, USA
| | - Ana Cláudia Paiva-Santos
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Coimbra, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal, 3000-370
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Group of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Coimbra, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal, 3000-548
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Talianu MT, Dinu-Pîrvu CE, Ghica MV, Anuţa V, Prisada RM, Popa L. Development and Characterization of New Miconazole-Based Microemulsions for Buccal Delivery by Implementing a Full Factorial Design Modeling. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:271. [PMID: 38399325 PMCID: PMC10893023 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16020271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
This research aimed to develop miconazole-based microemulsions using oleic acid as a natural lipophilic phase and a stabilizer mixture comprising Tween 20 and PEG 400 to solubilize miconazole as an antifungal agent known for its activity in oral candidiasis and to improve its bioavailability. The formulation and preparation process was combined with a mathematical approach using a 23-full factorial plan. Fluid and gel-like microemulsions were obtained and analyzed considering pH, conductivity, and refractive index, followed by extensive analyses focused on droplet size, zeta potential, rheological behavior, and goniometry. In vitro release tests were performed to assess their biopharmaceutical characteristics. Independent variables coded X1-Oleic acid (%, w/w), X2-Tween 20 (%, w/w), and X3-PEG 400 (%, w/w) were analyzed in relationship with three main outputs like mean droplet size, work of adhesion, and diffusion coefficient by combining statistical tools with response surface methodology. The microemulsion containing miconazole base-2%, oleic acid-5%, Tween 20-40%, PEG 400-20%, and water-33% exhibited a mean droplet size of 119.6 nm, a work of adhesion of 71.98 mN/m, a diffusion coefficient of 2.11·10-5 cm2/s, and together with remarked attributes of two gel-like systems formulated with higher oil concentrations, modeled the final optimization step of microemulsions as potential systems for buccal delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina-Theodora Talianu
- Department of Physical and Colloidal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Traian Vuia Str., 020956 Bucharest, Romania; (M.-T.T.); (C.-E.D.-P.); (V.A.); (R.M.P.); (L.P.)
| | - Cristina-Elena Dinu-Pîrvu
- Department of Physical and Colloidal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Traian Vuia Str., 020956 Bucharest, Romania; (M.-T.T.); (C.-E.D.-P.); (V.A.); (R.M.P.); (L.P.)
- Innovative Therapeutic Structures R&D Center (InnoTher), “Carol Davila’’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Traian Vuia Str., 020956 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mihaela Violeta Ghica
- Department of Physical and Colloidal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Traian Vuia Str., 020956 Bucharest, Romania; (M.-T.T.); (C.-E.D.-P.); (V.A.); (R.M.P.); (L.P.)
- Innovative Therapeutic Structures R&D Center (InnoTher), “Carol Davila’’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Traian Vuia Str., 020956 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Valentina Anuţa
- Department of Physical and Colloidal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Traian Vuia Str., 020956 Bucharest, Romania; (M.-T.T.); (C.-E.D.-P.); (V.A.); (R.M.P.); (L.P.)
- Innovative Therapeutic Structures R&D Center (InnoTher), “Carol Davila’’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Traian Vuia Str., 020956 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Răzvan Mihai Prisada
- Department of Physical and Colloidal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Traian Vuia Str., 020956 Bucharest, Romania; (M.-T.T.); (C.-E.D.-P.); (V.A.); (R.M.P.); (L.P.)
| | - Lăcrămioara Popa
- Department of Physical and Colloidal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Traian Vuia Str., 020956 Bucharest, Romania; (M.-T.T.); (C.-E.D.-P.); (V.A.); (R.M.P.); (L.P.)
- Innovative Therapeutic Structures R&D Center (InnoTher), “Carol Davila’’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Traian Vuia Str., 020956 Bucharest, Romania
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Liu L, Zhang M, Lu Y, Chen G, Lu B, Ge L, Lu Z, Sun D, Xu Z. Microstructure-dependent CO 2-responsive microemulsions for deep-cleaning of oil-contaminated soils. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 350:140928. [PMID: 38092174 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
CO2-responsive microemulsion (ME) is considered a promising candidate for deep-cleaning and oil recovery from oil-contaminated soils. Understanding the responsive nature of different microstructures (i.e., oil-in-water (O/W), bicontinuous (B.C.) and water-in-oil (W/O)) is essential for unlocking the potential and mechanisms of CO2-responsive emulsions in complex multiphase systems and providing comprehensive guidance for remediation of oil-contaminated soils. Herein, the responsiveness of microstructures of ME to CO2 trigger was investigated using experimental designs and coarse-grained molecular dynamic simulations. MEs were formed for the first time by a weakly associated pseudo-Gemini surfactant of indigenous organic acids (naphthenic acids, NAs are a class of natural surface-active molecules in crude oil) and tetraethylenepentamine (TEPA) through fine tuning of co-solvent of dodecyl benzene sulfonic acid (DBSA) and butanol. The O/W ME exhibited an optimal CO2-responsive character due to easier proton migration in the continuous aqueous phase and more pronounced dependence of configuration on deprotonated NA ions. Conversely, the ME with W/O microstructure exhibited a weak to none responsive characteristic, most likely attributed to its high viscosity and strong oil-NA interactions. The O/W ME also showed superior cleaning efficiency and oil recovery from oil-contaminated soils. The results from this study provide insights for the design of CO2-responsive MEs with desired performance and guidance for choosing the favorable operating conditions in various industrial applications, such as oily solid waste treatment, enhanced oil recovery (EOR), and pipeline transportation. The insights from this work allow more efficient and tailored design of switchable MEs for manufacturing advanced responsive materials in various industrial sectors and formulation of household products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingfei Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Interfacial Science and Engineering of Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China; Key University Laboratory of Highly Efficient Utilization of Solar Energy and Sustainable Development of Guangdong, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Mingshan Zhang
- School of Resources and Civil Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, China
| | - Yi Lu
- Bioproducts Institute, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Department of Chemistry and Department of Wood Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Gaojian Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Binda Lu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Interfacial Science and Engineering of Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China; Key University Laboratory of Highly Efficient Utilization of Solar Energy and Sustainable Development of Guangdong, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Lingling Ge
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Zhouguang Lu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Interfacial Science and Engineering of Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China; Key University Laboratory of Highly Efficient Utilization of Solar Energy and Sustainable Development of Guangdong, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Dejun Sun
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Shandong University, Ministry of Education, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, China
| | - Zhenghe Xu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Interfacial Science and Engineering of Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China; Key University Laboratory of Highly Efficient Utilization of Solar Energy and Sustainable Development of Guangdong, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
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Jamali N, Moghimipour E, Nikpour F, Salimi A. Development and Ex-Vivo Skin Permeation of Sildenafil Citrate Microemulsion System for Transdermal Delivery. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH : IJPR 2024; 23:e139381. [PMID: 39140102 PMCID: PMC11319783 DOI: 10.5812/ijpr-139381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
Background This study aimed to develop a microemulsion (ME)-based skin delivery platform containing sildenafil citrate (SC)-ME and evaluate its in vitro skin permeability. Methods Accurate MEs were prepared using pseudo-ternary phase diagrams and a full factorial design with three variables at two levels. After the design phase, suitable ratios of oil, water, and a mixture of surfactant (S) and cosurfactant (CS) were selected to prepare various SC-ME formulations. These SC-MEs were analyzed for stability, droplet size, in vitro SC release, skin permeability, and viscosity properties. Results The droplet size of the ME samples ranged from 6.24 to 32.65 nm, with viscosities between 114 to 239 cps. Release profiles indicated that 26 to 60% of SC was released from the different SC-MEs within 24 hours. All ME formulations significantly enhanced the permeability coefficient (P) through rat skin. Specifically, the flux (Jss) in SC-ME7 increased by approximately 117 times (Jss = 0.0235 mg/cm2.h) compared to the control sample (0.0002 mg/cm2.h). Conclusions The study concluded that the proportions of the water or oil phase and the S/CS mixture in the MEs significantly influenced the physicochemical characteristics and permeation parameters. The selected MEs improved both the permeability coefficient and the rate of permeation through rat skin. The enhanced drug delivery through and into deep skin layers is a key attribute of an ideal dermal ME. These findings suggest that MEs could serve as effective transdermal delivery systems for SC and similar drugs. However, in vivo assays and clinical research are needed to confirm the therapeutic efficacy of MEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasibeh Jamali
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Eskandar Moghimipour
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Nikpour
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Anayatollah Salimi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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Virani A, Dholaria N, Matharoo N, Michniak-Kohn B. A Study of Microemulsion Systems for Transdermal Delivery of Risperidone Using Penetration Enhancers. J Pharm Sci 2023; 112:3109-3119. [PMID: 37429357 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2023.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to develop and characterize microemulsion formulations using penetration enhancers as potential transdermal delivery systems for risperidone. Initially, a simple formulation of risperidone in Propylene Glycol (PG) was prepared as a control formulation, together with formulations incorporating various penetration enhancers, alone and/or in combination, and also microemulsion formulations with various chemical penetration enhancers, were prepared and all were evaluated for risperidone transdermal delivery. An ex-vivo permeation study was carried out using human cadaver skin and vertical glass Franz diffusion cells to compare all the microemulsion formulations. The microemulsion prepared from oleic acid as the oil (15%), Tween 80 (15%) as the surfactant and isopropyl alcohol (20%) as the co-surfactant, and water (50%) showed higher permeation with a flux value of 32.50±3.60 ug/hr/sq.cm, a globule size of 2.96±0.01 nm, a polydispersity index of 0.33±0.02 and pH of 4.95. This novel in vitro research disclosed that an optimized microemulsion formulated using penetration enhancers was able to increase permeation of risperidone by 14-fold compared to the control formulation. The data suggested that microemulsions may be useful in the delivery of risperidone via the transdermal route.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amitkumar Virani
- Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, 160 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, United States; Center for Dermal Research, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, 145 Bevier Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, United States
| | - Nirali Dholaria
- Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, 160 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, United States; Center for Dermal Research, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, 145 Bevier Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, United States
| | - Namrata Matharoo
- Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, 160 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, United States; Center for Dermal Research, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, 145 Bevier Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, United States
| | - Bozena Michniak-Kohn
- Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, 160 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, United States; Center for Dermal Research, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, 145 Bevier Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, United States.
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Alharthi S, Ziora ZM, Mustafa G, Chaubey P, El Kirdasy AF, Alotaibi G. β-Caryophyllene-Loaded Microemulsion-Based Topical Hydrogel: A Promising Carrier to Enhance the Analgesic and Anti-Inflammatory Outcomes. Gels 2023; 9:634. [PMID: 37623089 PMCID: PMC10454053 DOI: 10.3390/gels9080634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Musculoskeletal pain and inflammation can vary from localised pain like pain in the shoulders and neck to widespread pain like fibromyalgia, and as per estimates, around 90% of humans have experienced such pain. Oral non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are frequently prescribed for such conditions but are associated with concerns like gastric irritation and bleeding. In the present study, a microemulsion-based gel comprising β-caryophyllene, isopropyl myristate, Tween 80, and normal saline was prepared as a topical option for managing topical pain and inflammation. The globules of the microemulsion were below 100 nm with a zetapotential of around -10 mV. The drug entrapment was >87% with a drug loading of >23%. The permeation studies established better skin permeation (20.11 ± 0.96 μg cm-2 h-1) and retention of the drug (4.96 ± 0.02%) from the developed system vis-à-vis the conventional product (9.73 ± 0.35 μg cm-2 h-1; 1.03 ± 0.01%). The dermatokinetic studies established the better pharmacokinetic profile of the bioactive in the epidermis and dermis layers of the skin. The anti-inflammatory potential in carrageenan-induced rat paw oedema was more pronounced than the conventional product (~91% vis-à-vis ~77%), indicating a better pharmacodynamic outcome from the developed system. The nanotechnology-based natural bioactive product with improved efficacy and drug loading can provide a better alternative for the management of musculoskeletal pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sitah Alharthi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Shaqra University, Al-Dawadmi Campus, Al-Dawadmi 11961, Saudi Arabia; (S.A.); (G.M.); (P.C.)
| | - Zyta Maria Ziora
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QL 4072, Australia;
| | - Gulam Mustafa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Shaqra University, Al-Dawadmi Campus, Al-Dawadmi 11961, Saudi Arabia; (S.A.); (G.M.); (P.C.)
| | - Pramila Chaubey
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Shaqra University, Al-Dawadmi Campus, Al-Dawadmi 11961, Saudi Arabia; (S.A.); (G.M.); (P.C.)
| | - Ahmed Farag El Kirdasy
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sadat City University, Sadat City 32897, Egypt;
| | - Ghallab Alotaibi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Shaqra University, Al-Dawadmi Campus, Al-Dawadmi 11961, Saudi Arabia; (S.A.); (G.M.); (P.C.)
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Leanpolchareanchai J, Teeranachaideekul V. Topical Microemulsions: Skin Irritation Potential and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Herbal Substances. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:999. [PMID: 37513911 PMCID: PMC10384732 DOI: 10.3390/ph16070999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Microemulsions (MEs) have gained prominence as effective drug delivery systems owing to their optical transparency, low viscosity, and thermodynamic stability. MEs, when stabilized with surfactants and/or co-surfactants, exhibit enhanced drug solubilization, prolonged shelf life, and simple preparation methods. This review examines the various types of MEs, explores different preparation techniques, and investigates characterization approaches. Plant extracts and bioactive compounds are well established for their utilization as active ingredients in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. Being derived from natural sources, they serve as preferable alternatives to synthetic chemicals. Furthermore, they have demonstrated a wide range of therapeutic effects, including anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and antioxidant activities. However, the topical application of plant extracts and bioactive compounds has certain limitations, such as low skin absorption and stability. To overcome these challenges, the utilization of MEs enables enhanced skin absorption, thereby making them a valuable mode of administration. However, considering the significant surfactant content in MEs, this review evaluates the potential skin irritation caused by MEs containing herbal substances. Additionally, the review explores the topical application of MEs specifically for herbal substances, with an emphasis on their anti-inflammatory properties.
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Ait-Touchente Z, Zine N, Jaffrezic-Renault N, Errachid A, Lebaz N, Fessi H, Elaissari A. Exploring the Versatility of Microemulsions in Cutaneous Drug Delivery: Opportunities and Challenges. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:nano13101688. [PMID: 37242104 DOI: 10.3390/nano13101688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Microemulsions are novel drug delivery systems that have garnered significant attention in the pharmaceutical research field. These systems possess several desirable characteristics, such as transparency and thermodynamic stability, which make them suitable for delivering both hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs. In this comprehensive review, we aim to explore different aspects related to the formulation, characterization, and applications of microemulsions, with a particular emphasis on their potential for cutaneous drug delivery. Microemulsions have shown great promise in overcoming bioavailability concerns and enabling sustained drug delivery. Thus, it is crucial to have a thorough understanding of their formulation and characterization in order to optimize their effectiveness and safety. This review will delve into the different types of microemulsions, their composition, and the factors that affect their stability. Furthermore, the potential of microemulsions as drug delivery systems for skin applications will be discussed. Overall, this review will provide valuable insights into the advantages of microemulsions as drug delivery systems and their potential for improving cutaneous drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zouhair Ait-Touchente
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon-1, CNRS, ISA-UMR 5280, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Nadia Zine
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon-1, CNRS, ISA-UMR 5280, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | | | - Abdelhamid Errachid
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon-1, CNRS, ISA-UMR 5280, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Noureddine Lebaz
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon-1, CNRS, LAGEPP UMR 5007, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Hatem Fessi
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon-1, CNRS, LAGEPP UMR 5007, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Abdelhamid Elaissari
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon-1, CNRS, ISA-UMR 5280, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
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