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Fully Implantable Neural Stimulator with Variable Parameters. ELECTRONICS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/electronics11071104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Neural implantable systems have promoted the development of neurosurgery research and clinical practice. However, traditional tethered neural implants use physical wires for power supply and signal transmission, which have many restrictions on implant targets. Therefore, untethered, wireless, and controllable neural stimulation has always been widely recognized as the engineering goal of neural implants. In this paper, magnetically coupled resonant wireless power transfer (MCR-WPT) technology is adopted to design and manufacture a wireless stimulator for the electrical stimulation experiment of nerve repair. In the process of device development, SCM technology, signal modulation, demodulation, wireless power supply, and integration/packaging are used. Through experimental tests, the stimulator can output single-phase pulse signals with a variable frequency of (1–20 Hz), a duty cycle of (1–50%), and voltage. The average power is approximately 25 mW. The minimum pulse width of the signal is 200 μs and the effective distance of transmission is 1–4 cm. The stimulator can perform low-frequency, safe and controllable wireless stimulation.
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Yoshida M, Chinzorig C, Matsumoto J, Nishimaru H, Ono T, Yamazaki M, Nishijo H. Configural Cues Associated with Reward Elicit Theta Oscillations of Rat Retrosplenial Cortical Neurons Phase-Locked to LFP Theta Cycles. Cereb Cortex 2021; 31:2729-2741. [PMID: 33415336 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhaa395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous behavioral studies implicated the retrosplenial cortex (RSC) in stimulus-stimulus associations, and also in the retrieval of remote associative memory based on EEG theta oscillations. However, neural mechanisms involved in the retrieval of stored information of such associations and memory in the RSC remain unclear. To investigate the neural mechanisms underlying these processes, RSC neurons and local field potentials (LFPs) were simultaneously recorded from well-trained rats performing a cue-reward association task. In the task, simultaneous presentation of two multimodal conditioned stimuli (configural CSs) predicted a reward outcome opposite to that associated with the individual presentation of each elemental CS. Here, we show neurophysiological evidence that the RSC is involved in stimulus-stimulus association where configural CSs are discriminated from each elementary CS that is a constituent of the configural CSs, and that memory retrieval of rewarding CSs is associated with theta oscillation of RSC neurons during CS presentation, which is phase-locked to LFP theta cycles. The results suggest that cue (elementary and configural CSs)-reinforcement associations are stored in the RSC neural circuits, and are retrieved in synchronization with LFP theta rhythm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Yoshida
- Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Choijiljav Chinzorig
- Department of System Emotional Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan.,Department of Physiology, School of Bio-medicine, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar 14210, Mongolia
| | - Jumpei Matsumoto
- Department of System Emotional Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nishimaru
- Department of System Emotional Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan.,Graduate School of Innovative Life Science, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan.,Research Center for Idling Brain Science (RCIBS), University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Taketoshi Ono
- Department of System Emotional Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Mitsuaki Yamazaki
- Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Hisao Nishijo
- Department of System Emotional Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan.,Graduate School of Innovative Life Science, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan.,Research Center for Idling Brain Science (RCIBS), University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
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Munkhzaya U, Chinzorig C, Matsumoto J, Nishimaru H, Ono T, Nishijo H. Rat Paraventricular Neurons Encode Predictive and Incentive Information of Reward Cues. Front Behav Neurosci 2020; 14:565002. [PMID: 33033475 PMCID: PMC7509094 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2020.565002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The paraventricular nucleus of the thalamus (PVT) has been implicated in cue-induced motivated behaviors. Although reward-associated cues (conditioned stimuli, CSs) contain different types of information including predictive information of future reward delivery and incentive (motivational) value of the reward, it remains unknown whether PVT neurons represent predictive and incentive information of CSs. It is suggested that neural activity just after the onset of CSs (early activity) and that just before reward delivery (late activity) might more strongly represent predictive and incentive information, respectively. In this study, rats were trained to lick a tube, which was protruded close to their mouth just after a CS, to obtain a reward (sucrose or water) (cue-induced licking task). Auditory and visual CSs were used: each elemental cue (CS) predicted reward or non-reward outcome, while simultaneous presentation of the two elemental cues (configural cues) predicted the opposite reward outcome. We recorded PVT neurons in the cue-induced licking task, and report that half of the CS-responsive PVT neurons responded selectively to the CSs predicting reward outcome regardless of physical property of the cues (CS+-selective). In addition, the early activity of the CS+-selective neurons discriminated reward/non-reward association (predictive information) and was less sensitive to reward value and motivation reflected by lick latency (incentive information), while the late activity of the CS+-selective neurons was correlated with reward value and motivation rather than reward/non-reward association. Early and late population activity of the CS+-selective neurons also represented predictive and incentive information of the CSs, respectively. On the other hand, activity of more than half of the PVT neurons was correlated with individual licking during licking to acquire reward. Taken together, the results suggest that the PVT neurons engage in different neural processes involved in cue-induced motivated behaviors: CS encoding to determine reward availability and form motivation for reward-seeking behavior, and hedonic mouth movements during reward consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Unur Munkhzaya
- System Emotional Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Choijiljav Chinzorig
- System Emotional Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
- Department of Physiology, School of Bio-Medicine, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Jumpei Matsumoto
- System Emotional Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
- Research Center for Idling Brain Science (RCIBS), University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nishimaru
- System Emotional Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
- Research Center for Idling Brain Science (RCIBS), University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Taketoshi Ono
- System Emotional Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Hisao Nishijo
- System Emotional Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
- Research Center for Idling Brain Science (RCIBS), University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
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Remote-Controlled Fully Implantable Neural Stimulator for Freely Moving Small Animal. ELECTRONICS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/electronics8060706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The application of a neural stimulator to small animals is highly desired for the investigation of electrophysiological studies and development of neuroprosthetic devices. For this purpose, it is essential for the device to be implemented with the capabilities of full implantation and wireless control. Here, we present a fully implantable stimulator with remote controllability, compact size, and minimal power consumption. Our stimulator consists of modular units of (1) a surface-type cortical array for inducing directional change of a rat, (2) a depth-type array for providing rewards, and (3) a package for accommodating the stimulating electronics, a battery and ZigBee telemetry, all of which are assembled after independent fabrication and implantation using customized flat cables and connectors. All three modules were packaged using liquid crystal polymer (LCP) to avoid any chemical reaction after implantation. After bench-top evaluation of device functionality, the stimulator was implanted into rats to train the animals to turn to the left (or right) following a directional cue applied to the barrel cortex. Functionality of the device was also demonstrated in a three-dimensional (3D) maze structure, by guiding the rats to better navigate in the maze. The movement of the rat could be wirelessly controlled by a combination of artificial sensation evoked by the surface electrode array and reward stimulation. We could induce rats to turn left or right in free space and help their navigation through the maze. The polymeric packaging and modular design could encapsulate the devices with strict size limitations, which made it possible to fully implant the device into rats. Power consumption was minimized by a dual-mode power-saving scheme with duty cycling. The present study demonstrated feasibility of the proposed neural stimulator to be applied to neuroprosthesis research.
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Hariri OR, Quadri SA, Farr S, Gupta R, Bieber AJ, Dyurgerova A, Corsino C, Miulli D, Siddiqi J. Third Ventricular Glioblastoma Multiforme: Case Report and Literature Review. J Neurol Surg Rep 2015; 76:e227-32. [PMID: 26623232 PMCID: PMC4648723 DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1560048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 06/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) typically presents in the supratentorial white matter, commonly within the centrum semiovale as a ring-enhancing lesion with areas of necrosis. An atypical presentation of this lesion, both anatomically as well as radiographically, is significant and must be part of the differential for a neoplasm in this anatomical location. Case Description We present a case of a 62-year-old woman with headaches, increasing somnolence, and cognitive decline for several weeks. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated mild left ventricular dilatation with a well-marginated, homogeneous, and nonhemorrhagic lesion located at the ceiling of the third ventricle within the junction of the septum pellucidum and fornix, without exhibiting the typical radiographic features of hemorrhage or necrosis. Final pathology reports confirmed the diagnosis of GBM. Conclusion This case report describes an unusual location for the most common primary brain neoplasm. Moreover, this case identifies the origin of a GBM related to the paracentral ventricular structures infiltrating the body of the fornix and leaves of the septum pellucidum. To our knowledge this report is the first reported case of a GBM found in this anatomical location with an entirely atypical radiographic presentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omid R Hariri
- Department of Neurosurgery, Arrowhead Regional Medical Center, Colton, California, United States ; Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Clinical Orthopedics and Neurosciences, Desert Regional Medical Center, Palm Springs, California, United States
| | - Syed A Quadri
- Department of Neurosurgery, Arrowhead Regional Medical Center, Colton, California, United States ; Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Clinical Orthopedics and Neurosciences, Desert Regional Medical Center, Palm Springs, California, United States
| | - Saman Farr
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California, United States
| | - Ravi Gupta
- Department of Radiology, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California, United States
| | - Andrew J Bieber
- Department of Neurosurgery, Arrowhead Regional Medical Center, Colton, California, United States ; Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Clinical Orthopedics and Neurosciences, Desert Regional Medical Center, Palm Springs, California, United States
| | - Anya Dyurgerova
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California, United States
| | - Casey Corsino
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California, United States
| | - Dan Miulli
- Department of Neurosurgery, Arrowhead Regional Medical Center, Colton, California, United States
| | - Javed Siddiqi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Arrowhead Regional Medical Center, Colton, California, United States ; Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Clinical Orthopedics and Neurosciences, Desert Regional Medical Center, Palm Springs, California, United States
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Gasbarri A, Tomaz C. Memory and motivational/emotional processes. Front Behav Neurosci 2012; 6:71. [PMID: 23129995 PMCID: PMC3487156 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2012.00071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2012] [Accepted: 10/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Gasbarri
- Department of Applied Clinical and Biotechnologic Sciences, University of L'Aquila L'Aquila, Italy
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Talishinsky A, Rosen GD. Systems genetics of the lateral septal nucleus in mouse: heritability, genetic control, and covariation with behavioral and morphological traits. PLoS One 2012; 7:e44236. [PMID: 22952935 PMCID: PMC3432065 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0044236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2012] [Accepted: 07/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The lateral septum has strong efferent projections to hypothalamic and midbrain regions, and has been associated with modulation of social behavior, anxiety, fear conditioning, memory-related behaviors, and the mesolimbic reward pathways. Understanding natural variation of lateral septal anatomy and function, as well as its genetic modulation, may provide important insights into individual differences in these evolutionarily important functions. Here we address these issues by using efficient and unbiased stereological probes to estimate the volume of the lateral septum in the BXD line of recombinant inbred mice. Lateral septum volume is a highly variable trait, with a 2.5-fold difference among animals. We find that this trait covaries with a number of behavioral and physiological phenotypes, many of which have already been associated with behaviors modulated by the lateral septum, such as spatial learning, anxiety, and reward-seeking. Heritability of lateral septal volume is moderate (h(2) = 0.52), and much of the heritable variation is caused by a locus on the distal portion of chromosome (Chr) 1. Composite interval analysis identified a secondary interval on Chr 2 that works additively with the Chr 1 locus to increase lateral septum volume. Using bioinformatic resources, we identified plausible candidate genes in both intervals that may influence the volume of this key nucleus, as well as associated behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Talishinsky
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Glenn D. Rosen
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
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Liu Q, Zhang M, Qin WJ, Wang YT, Li YL, Jing L, Li JX, Lawrence AJ, Liang JH. Septal nuclei critically mediate the development of behavioral sensitization to a single morphine injection in rats. Brain Res 2012; 1454:90-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2012.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2011] [Revised: 03/09/2012] [Accepted: 03/11/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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