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Rodrigues J, Rosa-Silva M, Tercya H, Jesus P, Miranda S, Oliveira H, Lima B, Santos L, Maximino C, Siqueira-Silva D. Oogenesis and in vitro reproduction of the twospot astyanax Astyanax bimaculatus (Linnaeus, 1758) exposed to conspecific alarm substance. Anim Reprod Sci 2023; 253:107252. [PMID: 37209522 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2023.107252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Stress situations can be essential to trigger reproduction in fish; however, it may also inhibit it. One of those situations involves the release of the conspecific alarm substance (CAS), a natural stressor, into the water by specific fish epidermal cells after a predator attack. Little is known about the effects of that substance on fish reproduction. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of CAS exposure on the oogenesis and reproduction of the twospot astyanax Astyanax bimaculatus before the hormonal induction for artificial reproduction. No macroscopic or cellular changes in the ovaries were observed for the females exposed to CAS, and the oocyte stages show all females in the same phase of maturation (Spawning Capable). Females exposed to CAS spawned 20 min before the females without exposure. On the other hand, they ovulated only once, whereas the females from the control group ovulated multiple times for approximately two hours after hormonal induction. Moreover, the precocious ovulation of the females submitted to CAS did not generate offspring, since all generated zygotes did not develop. In contrast, the control group females produced more than 11 thousand healthy larvae. Exposing the female fish to CAS during their reproductive management in captivity may reduce breeding success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeane Rodrigues
- Research Group of Studies on the Reproduction of Amazon Fish (GERPA/LANEC), Biology Faculty (FACBIO), Federal University of South and Southern of Pará (Unifesspa), Av. dos Ipês, S/N, 68507-590 Marabá, PA, Brazil; Neuroscience and Behavior Laboratory "Frederico Guilherme Graeff" (LANEC), Psychology University, Institute of Healthy and Biologics Studies, Federal University of South and Southern of Pará, Av. dos Ipês, S/N, 68507-590 Marabá, PA, Brazil; Graduate Program in Animal Reproduction in the Amazon (ReproAmazon) of the Federal Rural University of the Amazon (Ufra) and Federal University of Pará (UFPA), Av. Presidente Tancredo Neves, Nº 2501, Terra Firme, 66.077-830 Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Maria Rosa-Silva
- Research Group of Studies on the Reproduction of Amazon Fish (GERPA/LANEC), Biology Faculty (FACBIO), Federal University of South and Southern of Pará (Unifesspa), Av. dos Ipês, S/N, 68507-590 Marabá, PA, Brazil; Neuroscience and Behavior Laboratory "Frederico Guilherme Graeff" (LANEC), Psychology University, Institute of Healthy and Biologics Studies, Federal University of South and Southern of Pará, Av. dos Ipês, S/N, 68507-590 Marabá, PA, Brazil
| | - Hadda Tercya
- Research Group of Studies on the Reproduction of Amazon Fish (GERPA/LANEC), Biology Faculty (FACBIO), Federal University of South and Southern of Pará (Unifesspa), Av. dos Ipês, S/N, 68507-590 Marabá, PA, Brazil; Neuroscience and Behavior Laboratory "Frederico Guilherme Graeff" (LANEC), Psychology University, Institute of Healthy and Biologics Studies, Federal University of South and Southern of Pará, Av. dos Ipês, S/N, 68507-590 Marabá, PA, Brazil
| | - Paulo Jesus
- Research Group of Studies on the Reproduction of Amazon Fish (GERPA/LANEC), Biology Faculty (FACBIO), Federal University of South and Southern of Pará (Unifesspa), Av. dos Ipês, S/N, 68507-590 Marabá, PA, Brazil; Neuroscience and Behavior Laboratory "Frederico Guilherme Graeff" (LANEC), Psychology University, Institute of Healthy and Biologics Studies, Federal University of South and Southern of Pará, Av. dos Ipês, S/N, 68507-590 Marabá, PA, Brazil
| | - Saynara Miranda
- Research Group of Studies on the Reproduction of Amazon Fish (GERPA/LANEC), Biology Faculty (FACBIO), Federal University of South and Southern of Pará (Unifesspa), Av. dos Ipês, S/N, 68507-590 Marabá, PA, Brazil; Neuroscience and Behavior Laboratory "Frederico Guilherme Graeff" (LANEC), Psychology University, Institute of Healthy and Biologics Studies, Federal University of South and Southern of Pará, Av. dos Ipês, S/N, 68507-590 Marabá, PA, Brazil; Graduate Program in Animal Reproduction in the Amazon (ReproAmazon) of the Federal Rural University of the Amazon (Ufra) and Federal University of Pará (UFPA), Av. Presidente Tancredo Neves, Nº 2501, Terra Firme, 66.077-830 Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Hingrid Oliveira
- Research Group of Studies on the Reproduction of Amazon Fish (GERPA/LANEC), Biology Faculty (FACBIO), Federal University of South and Southern of Pará (Unifesspa), Av. dos Ipês, S/N, 68507-590 Marabá, PA, Brazil; Neuroscience and Behavior Laboratory "Frederico Guilherme Graeff" (LANEC), Psychology University, Institute of Healthy and Biologics Studies, Federal University of South and Southern of Pará, Av. dos Ipês, S/N, 68507-590 Marabá, PA, Brazil
| | - Bianca Lima
- Research Group of Studies on the Reproduction of Amazon Fish (GERPA/LANEC), Biology Faculty (FACBIO), Federal University of South and Southern of Pará (Unifesspa), Av. dos Ipês, S/N, 68507-590 Marabá, PA, Brazil; Neuroscience and Behavior Laboratory "Frederico Guilherme Graeff" (LANEC), Psychology University, Institute of Healthy and Biologics Studies, Federal University of South and Southern of Pará, Av. dos Ipês, S/N, 68507-590 Marabá, PA, Brazil
| | - Ludmylla Santos
- Research Group of Studies on the Reproduction of Amazon Fish (GERPA/LANEC), Biology Faculty (FACBIO), Federal University of South and Southern of Pará (Unifesspa), Av. dos Ipês, S/N, 68507-590 Marabá, PA, Brazil; Neuroscience and Behavior Laboratory "Frederico Guilherme Graeff" (LANEC), Psychology University, Institute of Healthy and Biologics Studies, Federal University of South and Southern of Pará, Av. dos Ipês, S/N, 68507-590 Marabá, PA, Brazil
| | - Caio Maximino
- Neuroscience and Behavior Laboratory "Frederico Guilherme Graeff" (LANEC), Psychology University, Institute of Healthy and Biologics Studies, Federal University of South and Southern of Pará, Av. dos Ipês, S/N, 68507-590 Marabá, PA, Brazil
| | - Diógenes Siqueira-Silva
- Research Group of Studies on the Reproduction of Amazon Fish (GERPA/LANEC), Biology Faculty (FACBIO), Federal University of South and Southern of Pará (Unifesspa), Av. dos Ipês, S/N, 68507-590 Marabá, PA, Brazil; Neuroscience and Behavior Laboratory "Frederico Guilherme Graeff" (LANEC), Psychology University, Institute of Healthy and Biologics Studies, Federal University of South and Southern of Pará, Av. dos Ipês, S/N, 68507-590 Marabá, PA, Brazil; Graduate Program in Animal Reproduction in the Amazon (ReproAmazon) of the Federal Rural University of the Amazon (Ufra) and Federal University of Pará (UFPA), Av. Presidente Tancredo Neves, Nº 2501, Terra Firme, 66.077-830 Belém, PA, Brazil.
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Tan ML, Xie CT, Tu X, Li YW, Chen QL, Shen YJ, Liu ZH. Short daylight photoperiod alleviated alarm substance-stimulated fear response of zebrafish. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2023; 338:114274. [PMID: 36940834 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2023.114274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
Photoperiod has been well-documented to be involved in regulating many activities of animals. However, whether photoperiod takes part in mood control, such as fear response in fish and the underlying mode(s) of action remain unclear. In this study, adult zebrafish males and females (Danio rerio) were exposed to different photoperiods, Blank (12 h light: 12 h dark), Control (12 h light: 12 h dark), Short daylight (SD, 6 h light: 18 h dark) and Long daylight (LD, 18 h light: 6 h dark) for 28 days. After exposure, fear response of the fish was investigated using a novel tank diving test. After alarm substance administration, the onset to higher half, total duration in lower half and duration of freezing in SD-fish were significantly decreased, suggesting that short daylight photoperiod is capable of alleviating fear response in zebrafish. In contrast, comparing with the Control, LD didn't show significant effect on fear response of the fish. Further investigation revealed that SD increased the levels of melatonin (MT), serotonin (5-HT) and dopamine (DA) in the brain while decreased the plasma level of cortisol comparing to the Control. Moreover, the expressions of genes in MT, 5-HT and DA pathways and HPI axis were also altered consistently. Our data indicated that short daylight photoperiod might alleviate fear response of zebrafish probably through interfering with MT/5-HT/DA pathways and HPI axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Ling Tan
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Animal Biology, College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Cheng-Ting Xie
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Animal Biology, College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Xin Tu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Animal Biology, College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Ying-Wen Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Animal Biology, College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Qi-Liang Chen
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Animal Biology, College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Yan-Jun Shen
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Animal Biology, College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Zhi-Hao Liu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Animal Biology, College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China.
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dos Santos Gauy AC, Bolognesi MC, Gonçalves-de-Freitas E. Long-term body tactile stimulation reduces aggression and improves productive performance in Nile tilapia groups. Sci Rep 2022; 12:20239. [PMID: 36424460 PMCID: PMC9691712 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-24696-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
One concern of the Anthropocene is the effects of human activities on animal welfare, revealing the urgency to mitigate impacts of rearing environments. Body tactile stimulation (TS), like massage therapy, has emerged as an enrichment method to counteract stress and anxiety in vertebrates. In the current study, we evaluated the effects of long-term TS on four-member groups of male Nile tilapia, a worldwide reared species whose socially aggressive behavior is an essential source of stress. We placed a rectangular PVC frame fitted with vertical plastic sticks sided with silicone bristles in the center of aquarium to enable the fish to receive body TS when passing through the bristles. A similar apparatus without bristles was used as the control. Fish subjected to TS for 21 days showed a gradual lowering of overt fights over time, but with no reduction in cortisol or androgen levels. Nevertheless, TS improved the specific growth rate, maintained balanced length/weight gain, and increased feed efficiency, probably owing to the lowered energy expenditure during fights. Thus, we show for the first time that long-term TS provided by a simple device can be used as a tool to improve the welfare and productive performance of territorial fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Carolina dos Santos Gauy
- grid.410543.70000 0001 2188 478XDepartamento de Ciências Biológicas, Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Rua Cristóvão Colombo, 2265, São José do Rio Preto, SP 15054-000 Brazil ,CAUNESP-Centro de Aquicultura da UNESP, Jaboticabal, SP Brazil
| | - Marcela Cesar Bolognesi
- grid.410543.70000 0001 2188 478XDepartamento de Ciências Biológicas, Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Rua Cristóvão Colombo, 2265, São José do Rio Preto, SP 15054-000 Brazil ,CAUNESP-Centro de Aquicultura da UNESP, Jaboticabal, SP Brazil
| | - Eliane Gonçalves-de-Freitas
- grid.410543.70000 0001 2188 478XDepartamento de Ciências Biológicas, Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Rua Cristóvão Colombo, 2265, São José do Rio Preto, SP 15054-000 Brazil ,CAUNESP-Centro de Aquicultura da UNESP, Jaboticabal, SP Brazil
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4
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Kearney BE, Lanius RA. The brain-body disconnect: A somatic sensory basis for trauma-related disorders. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:1015749. [PMID: 36478879 PMCID: PMC9720153 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.1015749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 08/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the manifestation of trauma in the body is a phenomenon well-endorsed by clinicians and traumatized individuals, the neurobiological underpinnings of this manifestation remain unclear. The notion of somatic sensory processing, which encompasses vestibular and somatosensory processing and relates to the sensory systems concerned with how the physical body exists in and relates to physical space, is introduced as a major contributor to overall regulatory, social-emotional, and self-referential functioning. From a phylogenetically and ontogenetically informed perspective, trauma-related symptomology is conceptualized to be grounded in brainstem-level somatic sensory processing dysfunction and its cascading influences on physiological arousal modulation, affect regulation, and higher-order capacities. Lastly, we introduce a novel hierarchical model bridging somatic sensory processes with limbic and neocortical mechanisms regulating an individual's emotional experience and sense of a relational, agentive self. This model provides a working framework for the neurobiologically informed assessment and treatment of trauma-related conditions from a somatic sensory processing perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Breanne E. Kearney
- Department of Neuroscience, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Ruth A. Lanius
- Department of Neuroscience, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
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Torgerson-White L, Sánchez-Suárez W. Looking beyond the Shoal: Fish Welfare as an Individual Attribute. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12192592. [PMID: 36230333 PMCID: PMC9559274 DOI: 10.3390/ani12192592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The fish farming industry is characterized by settings where large numbers of fishes are raised together at high stocking densities, effectively obliterating the individual. Given that animal welfare is an individual attribute that refers to how an animal experiences her world, it follows that ensuring good welfare for the different individuals is difficult in fish farms. In this paper we review evidence supporting the notion that fishes are individuals and fish welfare should thus also be considered at the individual level, examine the ways that animal welfare is assessed in fish farms, evaluate these practices in light of individualized terrestrial animal welfare assessment methods, and make recommendations regarding research that could lead to a better understanding of how to provide each individual fish with good welfare in captivity. Abstract Welfare is an individual attribute. In general, providing captive nonhuman animals with conditions conducive to good welfare is an idea more easily applied when dealing with few individuals. However, this becomes much harder—if not impossible—under farming conditions that may imply high numbers of animals living in large group sizes. Although this is a problem inherent to intensive animal farming, it is possibly best exemplified in fish farming, for these practices often rely on extremely high numbers. In this paper we review evidence supporting the notion that fishes are individuals and fish welfare should thus also be considered at the individual level, examine the current state of welfare assessment in the aquaculture industry, evaluate these practices in light of individualized terrestrial animal welfare assessment methods, and make recommendations regarding research that could lead to a better understanding of how to provide each individual fish with good welfare in captivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauri Torgerson-White
- Department of Research, Farm Sanctuary, Watkins Glen, NY 14891, USA
- Correspondence: (L.T.-W.); (W.S.-S.); Tel.: +1-248-835-4770 (L.T.-W.)
| | - Walter Sánchez-Suárez
- Department of Research, Mercy For Animals, Los Angeles, CA 90046, USA
- Correspondence: (L.T.-W.); (W.S.-S.); Tel.: +1-248-835-4770 (L.T.-W.)
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Xue S, Ly TTN, Vijayakar RS, Chen J, Ng J, Mathuru AS, Magdinier F, Reversade B. HOX epimutations driven by maternal SMCHD1/LRIF1 haploinsufficiency trigger homeotic transformations in genetically wildtype offspring. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3583. [PMID: 35739109 PMCID: PMC9226161 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31185-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The body plan of animals is laid out by an evolutionary-conserved HOX code which is colinearly transcribed after zygotic genome activation (ZGA). Here we report that SMCHD1, a chromatin-modifying enzyme needed for X-inactivation in mammals, is maternally required for timely HOX expression. Using zebrafish and mouse Smchd1 knockout animals, we demonstrate that Smchd1 haplo-insufficiency brings about precocious and ectopic HOX transcription during oogenesis and embryogenesis. Unexpectedly, wild-type offspring born to heterozygous knockout zebrafish smchd1 mothers exhibited patent vertebrate patterning defects. The loss of maternal Smchd1 was accompanied by HOX epi-mutations driven by aberrant DNA methylation. We further show that this regulation is mediated by Lrif1, a direct interacting partner of Smchd1, whose knockout in zebrafish phenocopies that of Smchd1. Rather than being a short-lived maternal effect, HOX mis-regulation is stably inherited through cell divisions and persists in cultured fibroblasts derived from FSHD2 patients haploinsufficient for SMCHD1. We conclude that maternal SMCHD1/LRIF1 sets up an epigenetic state in the HOX loci that can only be reset in the germline. Such an unusual inter-generational inheritance, whereby a phenotype can be one generation removed from its genotype, casts a new light on how unresolved Mendelian diseases may be interpreted. Hox genes are known to control anteroposterior patterning, including the vertebrate spine. Here Xue et al. show that maternal Smchd1 regulates Hox expression in an epigenetic manner, and that wild type offspring from heterozygous mothers show skeletal homeotic transformations as a result of this dysregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shifeng Xue
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore. .,Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Thanh Thao Nguyen Ly
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Jingyi Chen
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Joel Ng
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ajay S Mathuru
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore.,Yale-NUS College, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Bruno Reversade
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore. .,Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore. .,Department of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore. .,Department of Medical Genetics, KOÇ University, Istanbul, Turkey.
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7
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8
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Larsson M, Nagi SS. Role of C-tactile fibers in pain modulation: animal and human perspectives. Curr Opin Behav Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cobeha.2021.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Abstract
Modern lifestyle and adversities such as the COVID-19 pandemic pose challenges for our physical and mental health. Hence, it is of the utmost importance to identify mechanisms by which we can improve resilience to stress and quickly adapt to adversity. While there are several factors that improve stress resilience, social behavior—primarily in the form of social touch—is especially vital. This article provides an overview of how the somatosensory system plays a key role in translating the socio-emotional information of social touch into active coping with stress. Important future directions include evaluating in humans whether stress resilience can be modulated through the stimulation of low-threshold C-fiber mechanoreceptors and using this technology in the prevention of stress-related neuropsychiatric disorders such as major depressive disorder.
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Stevens CH, Reed BT, Hawkins P. Enrichment for Laboratory Zebrafish-A Review of the Evidence and the Challenges. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11030698. [PMID: 33807683 PMCID: PMC8001412 DOI: 10.3390/ani11030698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The zebrafish is one of the most commonly used animals in scientific research, but there remains a lack of consensus over good practice for zebrafish housing and care. One such area which lacks agreement is whether laboratory zebrafish should be provided with environmental enrichment—additions or modifications to the basic laboratory environment which aim to improve welfare, such as plastic plants in tanks. The need for the provision of appropriate environmental enrichment has been recognised in other laboratory animal species, but some scientists and animal care staff are hesitant to provide enrichment for zebrafish, arguing that there is little or no evidence that enrichment can benefit zebrafish welfare. This review aims to summarise the current literature on the effects of enrichment on zebrafish physiology, behaviour and welfare, and identifies some forms of enrichment which are likely to benefit zebrafish. It also considers the possible challenges that might be associated with introducing more enrichment, and how these might be addressed. Abstract Good practice for the housing and care of laboratory zebrafish Danio rerio is an increasingly discussed topic, with focus on appropriate water quality parameters, stocking densities, feeding regimes, anaesthesia and analgesia practices, methods of humane killing, and more. One area of current attention is around the provision of environmental enrichment. Enrichment is accepted as an essential requirement for meeting the behavioural needs and improving the welfare of many laboratory animal species, but in general, provision for zebrafish is minimal. Some of those involved in the care and use of zebrafish suggest there is a ‘lack of evidence’ that enrichment has welfare benefits for this species, or cite a belief that zebrafish do not ‘need’ enrichment. Concerns are also sometimes raised around the practical challenges of providing enrichments, or that they may impact on the science being undertaken. However, there is a growing body of evidence suggesting that various forms of enrichment are preferred by zebrafish over a barren tank, and that enriched conditions can improve welfare by reducing stress and anxiety. This review explores the effects that enrichment can have on zebrafish behaviour, physiology and welfare, and considers the challenges to facilities of providing more enrichment for the zebrafish they house.
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11
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Recording Channelrhodopsin-Evoked Field Potentials and Startle Responses from Larval Zebrafish. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2191:201-220. [PMID: 32865747 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0830-2_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Zebrafish are an excellent model organism to study many aspects of vertebrate sensory encoding and behavior. Their escape responses begin with a C-shaped body bend followed by several swimming bouts away from the potentially threatening stimulus. This highly stereotyped motor behavior provides a model for studying startle reflexes and the neural circuitry underlying multisensory encoding and locomotion. Channelrhodopsin (ChR2) can be expressed in the lateral line and ear hair cells of zebrafish and can be excited in vivo to elicit these rapid forms of escape. Here we review our methods for studying transgenic ChR2-expressing zebrafish larvae, including screening for positive expression of ChR2 and recording field potentials and high-speed videos of optically evoked escape responses. We also highlight important features of the acquired data and provide a brief review of other zebrafish research that utilizes or has the potential to benefit from ChR2 and optogenetics.
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12
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Giglio VJ, Nunes JACC, Ferreira CEL, Blumstein DT. Client reef fish tolerate closer human approaches while being cleaned. J Zool (1987) 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/jzo.12814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- V. J. Giglio
- Laboratório de Ecologia e Conservação Marinha Instituto do Mar Universidade Federal de São Paulo Santos SP Brazil
| | | | - C. E. L. Ferreira
- Laboratório de Ecologia e Conservação de Ambientes Recifais Departamento de Biologia Marinha Universidade Federal Fluminense Niterói RJ Brazil
| | - D. T. Blumstein
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of California Los Angeles CA USA
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13
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Carter GG, Farine DR, Crisp RJ, Vrtilek JK, Ripperger SP, Page RA. Development of New Food-Sharing Relationships in Vampire Bats. Curr Biol 2020; 30:1275-1279.e3. [PMID: 32197089 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2020.01.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2019] [Revised: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Some nonhuman animals form adaptive long-term cooperative relationships with nonkin that seem analogous in form and function to human friendship [1-4]. However, it remains unclear how these bonds initially form, especially when they entail investments of time and energy. Theory suggests individuals can reduce the risk of exploitation by initially spreading out smaller cooperative investments across time [e.g., 5] or partners [6], then gradually escalating investments in more cooperative partnerships [7]. Despite its intuitive appeal, this raising-the-stakes model [7] has gained surprisingly scarce empirical support. Although human strangers do "raise the stakes" when making bids in cooperation games [8], there has been no clear evidence for raising the stakes during formation of social bonds in nature. Existing studies are limited to cooperative interactions with severe power asymmetries (e.g., the cleaner-client fish mutualism [9]) or snapshots of a single behavior within established relationships (grooming in primates [10-13]). Raising the stakes during relationship formation might involve escalating to more costly behaviors. For example, individuals could "test the waters" by first clustering for warmth (no cost), then conditionally grooming (low cost), and eventually providing coalitionary support (high cost). Detecting such a pattern requires introducing random strangers and measuring the emergence of natural helping behaviors that vary in costs. We performed this test by tracking the emergence of social grooming and regurgitated food donations among previously unfamiliar captive vampire bats (Desmodus rotundus) over 15 months. We found compelling evidence that vampire bats selectively escalate low-cost grooming before developing higher-cost food-sharing relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerald G Carter
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Organismal Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Ancón, Apartado Postal 0843-03092, Panamá.
| | - Damien R Farine
- Department of Collective Behavior, Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, Konstanz 78457, Germany; Chair of Biodiversity and Collective Behaviour, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany; Center for the Advanced Study of Collective Behaviour, University of Konstanz, Konstanz 78457, Germany
| | - Rachel J Crisp
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Ancón, Apartado Postal 0843-03092, Panamá
| | - Julia K Vrtilek
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Ancón, Apartado Postal 0843-03092, Panamá
| | - Simon P Ripperger
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Organismal Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Ancón, Apartado Postal 0843-03092, Panamá; Museum für Naturkunde, Leibniz-Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science, Berlin 10115, Germany
| | - Rachel A Page
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Ancón, Apartado Postal 0843-03092, Panamá
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Lima‐Maximino M, Pyterson MP, Carmo Silva RX, Gomes GCV, Rocha SP, Herculano AM, Rosemberg DB, Maximino C. Phasic and tonic serotonin modulate alarm reactions and post‐exposure behavior in zebrafish. J Neurochem 2020; 153:495-509. [DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Monica Lima‐Maximino
- Laboratório de Neurofarmacologia e Biofísica Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde Departamento de Morfologia e Ciências Fisiológicas Universidade do Estado do Pará Marabá Brazil
| | - Maryana Pereira Pyterson
- Laboratório de Neurociências e Comportamento “Frederico Guilherme Graeff” Faculdade de Psicologia Universidade Federal do Sul e Sudeste do Pará Marabá Brazil
| | - Rhayra Xavier Carmo Silva
- Laboratório de Neurociências e Comportamento “Frederico Guilherme Graeff” Faculdade de Psicologia Universidade Federal do Sul e Sudeste do Pará Marabá Brazil
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Neurociências e Biologia Celular Instituto de Ciências Biológicas Universidade Federal do Pará Belém Brazil
| | - Gabriela Cristini Vidal Gomes
- Laboratório de Neurociências e Comportamento “Frederico Guilherme Graeff” Faculdade de Psicologia Universidade Federal do Sul e Sudeste do Pará Marabá Brazil
| | - Sueslene Prado Rocha
- Laboratório de Neurofarmacologia e Biofísica Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde Departamento de Morfologia e Ciências Fisiológicas Universidade do Estado do Pará Marabá Brazil
| | - Anderson Manoel Herculano
- Laboratório de Neurofarmacologia Experimental Instituto de Ciências Biológicas Universidade Federal do Pará Belém Brazil
| | - Denis Broock Rosemberg
- Laboratório de Neuropsicobiologia Experimental Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas Universidade Federal de Santa Maria Santa Maria Brazil
| | - Caio Maximino
- Laboratório de Neurociências e Comportamento “Frederico Guilherme Graeff” Faculdade de Psicologia Universidade Federal do Sul e Sudeste do Pará Marabá Brazil
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15
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Ord J, Holmes KE, Holt WV, Fazeli A, Watt PJ. Premature birth stunts early growth and is a possible driver of stress-induced maternal effects in the guppy Poecilia reticulata. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2020; 96:506-515. [PMID: 31846081 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.14235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We tested the effects of gestational stress, principally in the form of alarm cue extracted from the skin of conspecifics, on reproduction in female guppies (Poecilia reticulata) and the growth and behaviour of their offspring. Offspring from mothers exposed to alarm cue exhibited stunted growth in the first few days post-partum, which appeared to be mediated by shortening of the gestation period, the length of which directly correlated with growth rate within the first 6 days post-partum. Mature offspring did not differ in behaviour or stress responses compared with controls and so the effects of maternal predation stress did not appear to persist into adulthood. A different form of gestational stress, dietary restriction, did not significantly affect offspring growth, though brood size was reduced, suggesting that the effects of predation stress were not mediated by differences in resource demand or consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Ord
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
- Department of Pathophysiology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Kelle E Holmes
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - William V Holt
- Academic Unit of Reproductive and Developmental Medicine, Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Alireza Fazeli
- Department of Pathophysiology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
- Academic Unit of Reproductive and Developmental Medicine, Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Penelope J Watt
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
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16
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Abstract
Abstract
Allogrooming provides a window into the social lives of many group-living mammals and birds. The fitness benefits of allogrooming are encouraged by proximate mechanisms that make it physiologically rewarding for both actors and receivers. However, receivers might not always benefit from allogrooming. Some allogrooming decisions might be the actor’s response to cues of the recipient’s need. Other decisions might only be caused by the actor’s motivational state. To test these ideas, we studied what triggers allogrooming in common vampire bats. In test 1, subjects that had experimentally disturbed and wetted fur were more likely to be allogroomed, even when controlling for increased self-grooming. In test 2, allogrooming rates were elevated not only by receiver self-grooming (a cue for receiver need) but also by the actor’s previous self-grooming. Both effects were significantly greater than the effect of self-grooming by third parties. Interestingly, we detected a negative interaction: the positive effect of receiver need on allogrooming was smaller when the actor was previously self-grooming. This is consistent with the hypothesis that there are “receiver-driven” allogrooming decisions, which are responses to recipient need, and “actor-driven” decisions, which are not. We predict that receiver-driven allogrooming will bestow greater benefits to recipients compared with actor-driven allogrooming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Narizano
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Ancón, Apartado, Republic of Panama
| | - Gerald G Carter
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Ancón, Apartado, Republic of Panama
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Organismal Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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17
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Haghani S, Karia M, Cheng RK, Mathuru AS. An Automated Assay System to Study Novel Tank Induced Anxiety. Front Behav Neurosci 2019; 13:180. [PMID: 31481885 PMCID: PMC6709859 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2019.00180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
New environments are known to be anxiogenic initially for many animals including the zebrafish. In the zebrafish, a novel tank diving (NTD) assay for solitary fish has been used extensively to model anxiety and the effect of anxiolytics. However, studies can differ in the conditions used to perform this assay. Here, we report the development of an efficient, automated toolset and optimal conditions for effective use of this assay. Applying these tools, we found that two important variables in previous studies, the direction of illumination of the novel tank and the age of the subject fish, both influence endpoints commonly measured to assess anxiety. When tanks are illuminated from underneath, several parameters such as the time spent at the bottom of the tank, or the transitions to the top half of the tank become poor measures of acclimation to the novel environment. Older fish acclimate faster to the same settings. The size of the novel tank and the intensity of the illuminating light can also influence acclimation. Among the parameters measured, reduction in the frequency of erratic swimming (darting) is the most reliable indicator of anxiolysis. Open source pipeline for automated data acquisition and systematic analysis generated here and available to other researchers will improve accessibility and uniformity in measurements. They can also be directly applied to study other fish. As this assay is commonly used to model anxiety phenotype of neuropsychiatric ailments in zebrafish, we expect our tools will further aid comparative and meta-analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Haghani
- Yale-NUS College, Science Division, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Ruey-Kuang Cheng
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ajay S Mathuru
- Yale-NUS College, Science Division, Singapore, Singapore.,Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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18
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Geng Y, Peterson RT. The zebrafish subcortical social brain as a model for studying social behavior disorders. Dis Model Mech 2019; 12:dmm039446. [PMID: 31413047 PMCID: PMC6737945 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.039446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Social behaviors are essential for the survival and reproduction of social species. Many, if not most, neuropsychiatric disorders in humans are either associated with underlying social deficits or are accompanied by social dysfunctions. Traditionally, rodent models have been used to model these behavioral impairments. However, rodent assays are often difficult to scale up and adapt to high-throughput formats, which severely limits their use for systems-level science. In recent years, an increasing number of studies have used zebrafish (Danio rerio) as a model system to study social behavior. These studies have demonstrated clear potential in overcoming some of the limitations of rodent models. In this Review, we explore the evolutionary conservation of a subcortical social brain between teleosts and mammals as the biological basis for using zebrafish to model human social behavior disorders, while summarizing relevant experimental tools and assays. We then discuss the recent advances gleaned from zebrafish social behavior assays, the applications of these assays to studying related disorders, and the opportunities and challenges that lie ahead.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijie Geng
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, 30 S. 2000 East, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Randall T Peterson
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, 30 S. 2000 East, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
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19
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Maximino C, do Carmo Silva RX, Dos Santos Campos K, de Oliveira JS, Rocha SP, Pyterson MP, Dos Santos Souza DP, Feitosa LM, Ikeda SR, Pimentel AFN, Ramos PNF, Costa BPD, Herculano AM, Rosemberg DB, Siqueira-Silva DH, Lima-Maximino M. Sensory ecology of ostariophysan alarm substances. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2019; 95:274-286. [PMID: 30345536 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.13844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Chemical communication of predation risk has evolved multiple times in fish species, with conspecific alarm substance (CAS) being the most well understood mechanism. CAS is released after epithelial damage, usually when prey fish are captured by a predator and elicits neurobehavioural adjustments in conspecifics which increase the probability of avoiding predation. As such, CAS is a partial predator stimulus, eliciting risk assessment-like and avoidance behaviours and disrupting the predation sequence. The present paper reviews the distribution and putative composition of CAS in fish and presents a model for the neural processing of these structures by the olfactory and the brain aversive systems. Applications of CAS in the behavioural neurosciences and neuropharmacology are also presented, exploiting the potential of model fish [e.g., zebrafish Danio rerio, guppies Poecilia reticulata, minnows Phoxinus phoxinus) in neurobehavioural research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caio Maximino
- Laboratório de Neurociências e Comportamento "Frederico Guilherme Graeff", Instituto de Estudos em Saúde e Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Sul e Sudeste do Pará, Nova Marabá, Brazil
| | - Rhayra X do Carmo Silva
- Laboratório de Neurociências e Comportamento "Frederico Guilherme Graeff", Instituto de Estudos em Saúde e Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Sul e Sudeste do Pará, Nova Marabá, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências e Biologia Celular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Kimberly Dos Santos Campos
- Laboratório de Neurofarmacologia e Biofísica, Departamento de Morfologia e Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade do Estado do Pará - Campus VIII/Marabá, Marabá, Brazil
| | - Jeisiane S de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Neurofarmacologia e Biofísica, Departamento de Morfologia e Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade do Estado do Pará - Campus VIII/Marabá, Marabá, Brazil
| | - Sueslene P Rocha
- Laboratório de Neurofarmacologia e Biofísica, Departamento de Morfologia e Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade do Estado do Pará - Campus VIII/Marabá, Marabá, Brazil
| | - Maryana P Pyterson
- Laboratório de Neurociências e Comportamento "Frederico Guilherme Graeff", Instituto de Estudos em Saúde e Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Sul e Sudeste do Pará, Nova Marabá, Brazil
| | - Dainara P Dos Santos Souza
- Laboratório de Neurociências e Comportamento "Frederico Guilherme Graeff", Instituto de Estudos em Saúde e Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Sul e Sudeste do Pará, Nova Marabá, Brazil
| | - Leonardo M Feitosa
- Laboratório de Neurofarmacologia e Biofísica, Departamento de Morfologia e Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade do Estado do Pará - Campus VIII/Marabá, Marabá, Brazil
| | - Saulo R Ikeda
- Laboratório de Neurofarmacologia e Biofísica, Departamento de Morfologia e Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade do Estado do Pará - Campus VIII/Marabá, Marabá, Brazil
| | - Ana F N Pimentel
- Laboratório de Neurociências e Comportamento "Frederico Guilherme Graeff", Instituto de Estudos em Saúde e Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Sul e Sudeste do Pará, Nova Marabá, Brazil
| | - Pâmila N F Ramos
- Laboratório de Neurofarmacologia e Biofísica, Departamento de Morfologia e Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade do Estado do Pará - Campus VIII/Marabá, Marabá, Brazil
- Rede de Biodiversidade e Biotecnologia da Amazônia Legal, Universidade Estadual do Maranhão - Cidade Universitária Paulo VI - Predio da Veterinária, São Luis, Brazil
| | - Bruna P D Costa
- Laboratório de Neurociências e Comportamento "Frederico Guilherme Graeff", Instituto de Estudos em Saúde e Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Sul e Sudeste do Pará, Nova Marabá, Brazil
- Rede de Biodiversidade e Biotecnologia da Amazônia Legal, Universidade Estadual do Maranhão - Cidade Universitária Paulo VI - Predio da Veterinária, São Luis, Brazil
| | - Anderson M Herculano
- Laboratório de Neurofarmacologia Experimental, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Denis B Rosemberg
- Laboratório de Neuropsicobiologia Experimental, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Diógenes H Siqueira-Silva
- Laboratório de Neurociências e Comportamento "Frederico Guilherme Graeff", Instituto de Estudos em Saúde e Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Sul e Sudeste do Pará, Nova Marabá, Brazil
| | - Monica Lima-Maximino
- Laboratório de Neurofarmacologia e Biofísica, Departamento de Morfologia e Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade do Estado do Pará - Campus VIII/Marabá, Marabá, Brazil
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20
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Tactile stimulation reduces aggressiveness but does not lower stress in a territorial fish. Sci Rep 2019; 9:40. [PMID: 30631114 PMCID: PMC6328608 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-36876-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Body tactile stimulation has a positive effect upon highly social animals, such as mammals and cleaner-client coral-reef fish, by relieving stress and improving health. Conversely, some tactile contacts are naturally detrimental, such as those resulted from aggressive interactions. To study whether positive responses from tactile stimulation are generalized among vertebrates, we tested its effect on stress response and aggressive behavior in a territorial fish species, Nile tilapia. We developed an apparatus made of a row of sticks bordered by silicone bristles that was positioned in the middle of the aquarium, and through which fish had to pass to access food, thus receiving tactile stimulation. Isolated fish experienced tactile stimulation for 7 days, and were assigned to 2 types of stressors: non-social (confinement) or social (aggressive interaction). Each of them had a corresponding control treatment without tactile stimulation. Although fish spontaneously crossed the apparatus, we did not observe a decrease in plasma cortisol levels immediately after stressor application as a response to the use of the apparatus, either for social or non-social treatment. However, tactile stimulation reduced aggressive interaction in the social treatment, showing a positive effect on a territorial fish species, and pointing to a way to improve welfare.
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21
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do Carmo Silva RX, Lima-Maximino MG, Maximino C. The aversive brain system of teleosts: Implications for neuroscience and biological psychiatry. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2018; 95:123-135. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Revised: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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22
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The right touch: Stroking of CT-innervated skin promotes vocal emotion processing. COGNITIVE AFFECTIVE & BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE 2018; 17:1129-1140. [PMID: 28933047 PMCID: PMC5709431 DOI: 10.3758/s13415-017-0537-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Research has revealed a special mechanoreceptor, called C-tactile (CT) afferent, that is situated in hairy skin and that seems relevant for the processing of social touch. We pursued a possible role of this receptor in the perception of other social signals such as a person’s voice. Participants completed three sessions in which they heard surprised and neutral vocal and nonvocal sounds and detected rare sound repetitions. In a given session, participants received no touch or soft brushstrokes to the arm (CT innervated) or palm (CT free). Event-related potentials elicited to sounds revealed that stroking to the arm facilitated the integration of vocal and emotional information. The late positive potential was greater for surprised vocal relative to neutral vocal and nonvocal sounds, and this effect was greater for arm touch relative to both palm touch and no touch. Together, these results indicate that stroking to the arm facilitates the allocation of processing resources to emotional voices, thus supporting the possibility that CT stimulation benefits social perception cross-modally.
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23
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Eachus H, Bright C, Cunliffe VT, Placzek M, Wood JD, Watt PJ. Disrupted-in-Schizophrenia-1 is essential for normal hypothalamic-pituitary-interrenal (HPI) axis function. Hum Mol Genet 2017; 26:1992-2005. [PMID: 28334933 PMCID: PMC5437527 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddx076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Psychiatric disorders arise due to an interplay of genetic and environmental factors, including stress. Studies in rodents have shown that mutants for Disrupted-In-Schizophrenia-1 (DISC1), a well-accepted genetic risk factor for mental illness, display abnormal behaviours in response to stress, but the mechanisms through which DISC1 affects stress responses remain poorly understood. Using two lines of zebrafish homozygous mutant for disc1, we investigated behaviour and functioning of the hypothalamic-pituitary-interrenal (HPI) axis, the fish equivalent of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. Here, we show that the role of DISC1 in stress responses is evolutionarily conserved and that DISC1 is essential for normal functioning of the HPI axis. Adult zebrafish homozygous mutant for disc1 show aberrant behavioural responses to stress. Our studies reveal that in the embryo, disc1 is expressed in neural progenitor cells of the hypothalamus, a conserved region of the vertebrate brain that centrally controls responses to environmental stressors. In disc1 mutant embryos, proliferating rx3+ hypothalamic progenitors are not maintained normally and neuronal differentiation is compromised: rx3-derived ff1b+ neurons, implicated in anxiety-related behaviours, and corticotrophin releasing hormone (crh) neurons, key regulators of the stress axis, develop abnormally, and rx3-derived pomc+ neurons are disorganised. Abnormal hypothalamic development is associated with dysfunctional behavioural and neuroendocrine stress responses. In contrast to wild type siblings, disc1 mutant larvae show altered crh levels, fail to upregulate cortisol levels when under stress and do not modulate shoal cohesion, indicative of abnormal social behaviour. These data indicate that disc1 is essential for normal development of the hypothalamus and for the correct functioning of the HPA/HPI axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Eachus
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK.,The Bateson Centre, Department of Biomedical Science, Firth Court, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Charlotte Bright
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Vincent T Cunliffe
- The Bateson Centre, Department of Biomedical Science, Firth Court, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Marysia Placzek
- The Bateson Centre, Department of Biomedical Science, Firth Court, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Jonathan D Wood
- The Bateson Centre, Department of Biomedical Science, Firth Court, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK.,Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2HQ, UK
| | - Penelope J Watt
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
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24
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Faustino AI, Tacão-Monteiro A, Oliveira RF. Mechanisms of social buffering of fear in zebrafish. Sci Rep 2017; 7:44329. [PMID: 28361887 PMCID: PMC5374490 DOI: 10.1038/srep44329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Some humans thrive whereas others resign when exposed to threatening situations throughout life. Social support has been identified as an important modulator of these discrepancies in human behaviour, and other social animals also exhibit phenomena in which individuals recover better from aversive events when conspecifics are present - aka social buffering. Here we studied social buffering in zebrafish, by exposing focal fish to an aversive stimulus (alarm substance - AS) either in the absence or presence of conspecific cues. When exposed to AS in the presence of both olfactory (shoal water) and visual (sight of shoal) conspecific cues, focal fish exhibited a lower fear response than when tested alone, demonstrating social buffering in zebrafish. When separately testing each cue's effectiveness, we verified that the visual cue was more effective than the olfactory in reducing freezing in a persistent threat scenario. Finally, we verified that social buffering was independent of shoal size and coincided with a distinct pattern of co-activation of brain regions known to be involved in mammalian social buffering. Thus, this study suggests a shared evolutionary origin for social buffering in vertebrates, bringing new evidence on the behavioural, sensory and neural mechanisms underlying this phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana I. Faustino
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Rua da Quinta Grande 6, Oeiras 2780-156, Portugal
- ISPA–Instituto Universitário, Rua Jardim do Tabaco 34, Lisboa 1149-041, Portugal
- Champalimaud Neuroscience Programme, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Avenida Brasília, Lisboa 1400-038, Portugal
| | - André Tacão-Monteiro
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Rua da Quinta Grande 6, Oeiras 2780-156, Portugal
- Champalimaud Neuroscience Programme, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Avenida Brasília, Lisboa 1400-038, Portugal
| | - Rui F. Oliveira
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Rua da Quinta Grande 6, Oeiras 2780-156, Portugal
- ISPA–Instituto Universitário, Rua Jardim do Tabaco 34, Lisboa 1149-041, Portugal
- Champalimaud Neuroscience Programme, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Avenida Brasília, Lisboa 1400-038, Portugal
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25
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Schirmer A, Adolphs R. Emotion Perception from Face, Voice, and Touch: Comparisons and Convergence. Trends Cogn Sci 2017; 21:216-228. [PMID: 28173998 DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2017.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Revised: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Historically, research on emotion perception has focused on facial expressions, and findings from this modality have come to dominate our thinking about other modalities. Here we examine emotion perception through a wider lens by comparing facial with vocal and tactile processing. We review stimulus characteristics and ensuing behavioral and brain responses and show that audition and touch do not simply duplicate visual mechanisms. Each modality provides a distinct input channel and engages partly nonoverlapping neuroanatomical systems with different processing specializations (e.g., specific emotions versus affect). Moreover, processing of signals across the different modalities converges, first into multi- and later into amodal representations that enable holistic emotion judgments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annett Schirmer
- Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Germany; National University of Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Ralph Adolphs
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.
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26
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Abstract
In the late 1930s, Karl von Frisch reported that semiochemicals released upon injury, act as alarm substances (Schreckstoff) in fish. In Ostariophysi species, club cells in the epidermis are believed to contain cues related to alarm substance; however, the function of club cells, primarily as reservoirs of alarm substance has been debated. Here, I describe an alarm response in the Japanese rice fish Oryzias latipes (medaka), a member of the order Beloniformes. The response to alarm substance (Schreckreaction) in medaka is characterized by bouts of immobility and an increase in cortisol levels within minutes of exposure to conspecific skin extract. Histological analysis, however, suggests that club cells are either rare or absent in the medaka epidermis. In addition to describing an uncharacterized behavior in a vertebrate popular for genetic and developmental studies, these results support the hypothesis that the primary function of epidermal club cells may be unrelated to a role as alarm substance cells. The existence of similar behavioral responses in two evolutionarily distant but well established laboratory models, the zebrafish and the medaka, offers the possibility of comparative analyses of neural circuits encoding innate fear.
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27
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Morrison I. Keep Calm and Cuddle on: Social Touch as a Stress Buffer. ADAPTIVE HUMAN BEHAVIOR AND PHYSIOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s40750-016-0052-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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28
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Time-dependent sensitization of stress responses in zebrafish: A putative model for post-traumatic stress disorder. Behav Processes 2016; 128:70-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.beproc.2016.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Revised: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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29
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Maximino C, Lima MG, Costa CC, Guedes IML, Herculano AM. Fluoxetine and WAY 100,635 dissociate increases in scototaxis and analgesia induced by conspecific alarm substance in zebrafish (Danio rerio Hamilton 1822). Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2014; 124:425-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2014.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2013] [Revised: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 07/06/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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