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Macpherson MC, Brown AJ, Kallen RW, Richardson MJ, Miles LK. Partner gaze shapes the relationship between symptoms of psychopathology and interpersonal coordination. Sci Rep 2024; 14:14288. [PMID: 38906960 PMCID: PMC11192736 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-65139-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Interpersonal coordination is a key determinant of successful social interaction but can be disrupted when people experience symptoms related to social anxiety or autism. Effective coordination rests on individuals directing their attention towards interaction partners. Yet little is known about the impact of the attentional behaviours of the partner themselves. As the gaze of others has heightened salience for those experiencing social anxiety or autism, addressing this gap can provide insight into how symptoms of these disorders impact coordination. Using a novel virtual reality task, we investigated whether partner gaze (i.e., direct vs. averted) influenced the emergence of interpersonal coordination. Results revealed: (i) spontaneous coordination was diminished in the averted (cf. direct) gaze condition; (ii) spontaneous coordination was positively related to symptoms of social anxiety, but only when partner gaze was averted. This latter finding contrasts the extant literature and points to the importance of social context in shaping the relationship between symptoms of psychopathology and interpersonal coordination.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Macpherson
- School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.
| | - A J Brown
- School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - R W Kallen
- School of Psychological Sciences and Performance and Expertise Research Centre, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - M J Richardson
- School of Psychological Sciences and Performance and Expertise Research Centre, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - L K Miles
- School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
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2
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Paxton A. The Dynamical Hypothesis in Situ: Challenges and Opportunities for a Dynamical Social Approach to Interpersonal Coordination. Top Cogn Sci 2023. [PMID: 38029348 DOI: 10.1111/tops.12712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Over the past three decades, Van Gelder's dynamical hypothesis has been instrumental in reconceptualizing the ways in which perception-action-cognition unfolds over time and in context. Here, I examine how the dynamical approach has enriched the theoretical understanding of social dynamics within cognitive science, with a particular focus on interpersonal coordination. I frame this review around seven principles in dynamical systems: three that are well-represented in interpersonal coordination research to date (emergent behavior, context-sensitive behavior, and attractors) and four that could be useful opportunities for future growth (hysteresis, sensitivity to initial conditions, equifinality, and reciprocal compensation). In addition to identifying specific promising lines of theoretical inquiry, I focus on the significant potential afforded by computationally intensive science-especially in naturally occurring data or trace data. Building on the foundation laid over the past three decades, I argue that looking to increasingly situated and naturalistic settings (and data) is not only necessary to realize the full commitment to the dynamical hypothesis but is also critical to building parsimonious and principled theories of social phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Paxton
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Connecticut
- Center for the Ecological Study of Perception and Action, University of Connecticut
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3
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Takai A, Fu Q, Doibata Y, Lisi G, Tsuchiya T, Mojtahedi K, Yoshioka T, Kawato M, Morimoto J, Santello M. Learning acquisition of consistent leader-follower relationships depends on implicit haptic interactions. Sci Rep 2023; 13:3476. [PMID: 36859436 PMCID: PMC9977766 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-29722-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Are leaders made or born? Leader-follower roles have been well characterized in social science, but they remain somewhat obscure in sensory-motor coordination. Furthermore, it is unknown how and why leader-follower relationships are acquired, including innate versus acquired controversies. We developed a novel asymmetrical coordination task in which two participants (dyad) need to collaborate in transporting a simulated beam while maintaining its horizontal attitude. This experimental paradigm was implemented by twin robotic manipulanda, simulated beam dynamics, haptic interactions, and a projection screen. Clear leader-follower relationships were learned only when strong haptic feedback was introduced. This phenomenon occurred despite participants not being informed that they were interacting with each other and the large number of equally-valid alternative dyadic coordination strategies. We demonstrate the emergence of consistent leader-follower relationships in sensory-motor coordination, and further show that haptic interaction is essential for dyadic co-adaptation. These results provide insights into neural mechanisms responsible for the formation of leader-follower relationships in our society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asuka Takai
- Brain Information Communication Research Laboratory Group, Advanced Telecommunications Research Institute International, Seika, Japan
- Graduate School of Engineering Division of Mechanical Engineering, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Qiushi Fu
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, USA
| | - Yuzuru Doibata
- Brain Information Communication Research Laboratory Group, Advanced Telecommunications Research Institute International, Seika, Japan
| | - Giuseppe Lisi
- Brain Information Communication Research Laboratory Group, Advanced Telecommunications Research Institute International, Seika, Japan
| | - Toshiki Tsuchiya
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, USA
| | - Keivan Mojtahedi
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, USA
| | - Toshinori Yoshioka
- Brain Information Communication Research Laboratory Group, Advanced Telecommunications Research Institute International, Seika, Japan
- XNef, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Mitsuo Kawato
- Brain Information Communication Research Laboratory Group, Advanced Telecommunications Research Institute International, Seika, Japan
| | - Jun Morimoto
- Brain Information Communication Research Laboratory Group, Advanced Telecommunications Research Institute International, Seika, Japan.
- Graduate School of Informatics, Department of Systems Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
| | - Marco Santello
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, USA.
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4
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Synchrony and mental health: Investigating the negative association between interpersonal coordination and subclinical variation in autism and social anxiety. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jesp.2022.104439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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5
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McDonald DQ, Zampella CJ, Sariyanidi E, Manakiwala A, DeJardin E, Herrington JD, Schultz RT, Tunç B. Head Movement Patterns during Face-to-Face Conversations Vary with Age. ICMI'22 COMPANION : COMPANION PUBLICATION OF THE 2022 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MULTIMODAL INTERACTION : NOVEMBER 7-11, 2022, BANGALORE, INDIA. ICMI (CONFERENCE) (2022 : BANGALORE, INDIA) 2022; 2022:185-195. [PMID: 37975062 PMCID: PMC10652276 DOI: 10.1145/3536220.3563366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Advances in computational behavior analysis have the potential to increase our understanding of behavioral patterns and developmental trajectories in neurotypical individuals, as well as in individuals with mental health conditions marked by motor, social, and emotional difficulties. This study focuses on investigating how head movement patterns during face-to-face conversations vary with age from childhood through adulthood. We rely on computer vision techniques due to their suitability for analysis of social behaviors in naturalistic settings, since video data capture can be unobtrusively embedded within conversations between two social partners. The methods in this work include unsupervised learning for movement pattern clustering, and supervised classification and regression as a function of age. The results demonstrate that 3-minute video recordings of head movements during conversations show patterns that distinguish between participants that are younger vs. older than 12 years with 78% accuracy. Additionally, we extract relevant patterns of head movement upon which the age distinction was determined by our models.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Aashvi Manakiwala
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ellis DeJardin
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - John D Herrington
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Robert T Schultz
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Birkan Tunç
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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6
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Basile C, Lecce S, van Vugt FT. Synchrony During Online Encounters Affects Social Affiliation and Theory of Mind but Not Empathy. Front Psychol 2022; 13:886639. [PMID: 36092070 PMCID: PMC9450704 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.886639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Moving together in time affects human social affiliation and cognition. However, it is unclear whether these effects hold for on-line video meetings and whether they extend to empathy (understanding or sharing others' emotions) and theory of mind (ToM; attribution of mental states to others). 126 young adult participants met through online video in unacquainted pairs. Participants either performed 3 min of synchronous arm movements paced by sounds (n = 40), asynchronous movements (n = 46) or a small talk condition (n = 40). In a subsequent empathy task, participants engaged in a conversation. A video recording of this conversation was played back, and each participant rated, at predetermined time points, how they felt and how they thought their partner felt. From this we calculated empathic accuracy (accuracy of the estimation of the other's emotions) and emotional congruence (emotion sharing). ToM was measured by showing videos of geometrical shapes interacting and asking the participants to describe what happened, measuring the amount of intentionality. We found that participants in the synchrony condition rated feeling greater closeness and similarity to their partners relative to the asynchronous condition. Further, participants in the synchrony group tended to ascribe more intentionality to the abstract shapes than participants in asynchrony condition, suggesting greater ToM. Synchrony and asynchrony groups did not reliably differ in empathic accuracy nor emotional congruence. These results suggest that moving in synchrony has effects on social affiliation measures even in online encounters. These effects extend to ToM tendencies but not empathic accuracy or emotion sharing. These results highlight the potential of synchronous movement in online encounters to affect a subset of social cognition and affiliation measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Basile
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Serena Lecce
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Floris Tijmen van Vugt
- Department of Psychology, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- International Laboratory for Brain, Music and Sound Research BRAMS, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Centre for Research on Brain, Language and Music – CRBLM, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Haskins Laboratories, Yale University, New Haven, CI, United States
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7
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Farrera A, Ramos-Fernández G. Collective Rhythm as an Emergent Property During Human Social Coordination. Front Psychol 2022; 12:772262. [PMID: 35222144 PMCID: PMC8868940 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.772262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The literature on social interactions has shown that participants coordinate not only at the behavioral but also at the physiological and neural levels, and that this coordination gives a temporal structure to the individual and social dynamics. However, it has not been fully explored whether such temporal patterns emerge during interpersonal coordination beyond dyads, whether this phenomenon arises from complex cognitive mechanisms or from relatively simple rules of behavior, or which are the sociocultural processes that underlie this phenomenon. We review the evidence for the existence of group-level rhythmic patterns that result from social interactions and argue that the complexity of group dynamics can lead to temporal regularities that cannot be predicted from the individual periodicities: an emergent collective rhythm. Moreover, we use this interpretation of the literature to discuss how taking into account the sociocultural niche in which individuals develop can help explain the seemingly divergent results that have been reported on the social influences and consequences of interpersonal coordination. We make recommendations on further research to test these arguments and their relationship to the feeling of belonging and assimilation experienced during group dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arodi Farrera
- Mathematical Modeling of Social Systems Department, Institute for Research on Applied Mathematics and Systems, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Gabriel Ramos-Fernández
- Mathematical Modeling of Social Systems Department, Institute for Research on Applied Mathematics and Systems, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
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8
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Mostafaoui G, Schmidt RC, Hasnain SK, Salesse R, Marin L. Human unintentional and intentional interpersonal coordination in interaction with a humanoid robot. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0261174. [PMID: 35045073 PMCID: PMC8769320 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0261174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to establish natural social synchrony between two humans, two requirements need to be fulfilled. First, the coupling must be bi-directional. The two humans react to each other's actions. Second, natural social bodily synchronization has to be intentional or unintentional. Assuming that these essential aspects of human-human interactions are present, the present paper investigates whether similar bodily synchrony emerges between an interacting human and an artificial agent such as a robot. More precisely, we investigate whether the same human unintentional rhythmic entrainment and synchronization is present in Human Robot Interaction (HRI). We also evaluate which model (e.g., an adaptive vs non adaptive robot) better reproduces such unintentional entrainment. And finally, we compare interagent coordination stability of the HRI under 1) unidirectional (robot with fixed frequency) versus bidirectional (robot with adaptive frequency) rhythmic entrainment and 2) human intentional versus unintentional coupling. Fifteen young adults made vertical arm movements in front of the NAO robot under five different conditions of intentional/unintentional and unidirectional/bidirectional interactions. Consistent with prior research investigating human-human interpersonal coordination, when humans interact with our robot, (i) unintentional entrainment was present, (ii) bi-directional coupling produced more stable in-phase un-intentional and intentional coordination, (iii) and intentional coordination was more stable than unintentional coordination. To conclude, this study provides a foundation for modeling future social robots involving unintentional and bidirectional synchronization-aspects which seem to enhance humans' willingness to interact with robots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghiles Mostafaoui
- Neurocybernetic team, ETIS ENSEA, CNRS, CY University, Cergy-Pontoise, France
| | - R. C. Schmidt
- Department of Psychology, College of the Holy Cross, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | | | - Robin Salesse
- EuroMov Digital Health in Motion, Montpellier University, IMT Mines Ales, Montpellier, France
| | - Ludovic Marin
- EuroMov Digital Health in Motion, Montpellier University, IMT Mines Ales, Montpellier, France
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9
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Ayache J, Connor A, Marks S, Kuss DJ, Rhodes D, Sumich A, Heym N. Exploring the "Dark Matter" of Social Interaction: Systematic Review of a Decade of Research in Spontaneous Interpersonal Coordination. Front Psychol 2021; 12:718237. [PMID: 34707533 PMCID: PMC8542929 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.718237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Interpersonal coordination is a research topic that has attracted considerable attention this last decade both due to a theoretical shift from intra-individual to inter-individual processes and due to the development of new methods for recording and analyzing movements in ecological settings. Encompassing spatiotemporal behavioral matching, interpersonal coordination is considered as "social glue" due to its capacity to foster social bonding. However, the mechanisms underlying this effect are still unclear and recent findings suggest a complex picture. Goal-oriented joint action and spontaneous coordination are often conflated, making it difficult to disentangle the role of joint commitment from unconscious mutual attunement. Consequently, the goals of the present article are twofold: (1) to illustrate the rapid expansion of interpersonal coordination as a research topic and (2) to conduct a systematic review of spontaneous interpersonal coordination, summarizing its latest developments and current challenges this last decade. By applying Rapid Automatic Keyword Extraction and Latent Dirichlet Allocation algorithms, keywords were extracted from PubMed and Scopus databases revealing the large diversity of research topics associated with spontaneous interpersonal coordination. Using the same databases and the keywords "behavioral matching," "interactional synchrony," and "interpersonal coordination," 1,213 articles were identified, extracted, and screened following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses protocol. A total of 19 articles were selected using the following inclusion criteria: (1) dynamic and spontaneous interactions between two unacquainted individuals (2) kinematic analyses, and (3) non-clinical and non-expert adult populations. The results of this systematic review stress the proliferation of various definitions and experimental paradigms that study perceptual and/or social influences on the emergence of spontaneous interpersonal coordination. As methods and indices used to quantify interpersonal coordination differ from one study to another, it becomes difficult to establish a coherent picture. This review highlights the need to reconsider interpersonal coordination not as the pinnacle of social interactions but as a complex dynamical process that requires cautious interpretation. An interdisciplinary approach is necessary for building bridges across scattered research fields through opening a dialogue between different theoretical frameworks and consequently provides a more ecological and holistic understanding of human social cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Ayache
- Department of Psychology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Andy Connor
- School of Future Environments, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Stefan Marks
- School of Future Environments, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Daria J. Kuss
- Department of Psychology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Darren Rhodes
- Department of Psychology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander Sumich
- Department of Psychology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- Department of Psychology, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Nadja Heym
- Department of Psychology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom
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10
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The Association among Autistic Traits, Interactional Synchrony and Typical Pattern of Motor Planning and Execution in Neurotypical Individuals. Symmetry (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/sym13061034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized by deficits in interactional synchrony and motor performance, but little is known about the association between them. The current study investigated the association among aberrant interactional synchrony (as measured by interactors’ symmetry in the form of the hand at each time-point along movement’s execution), motor functioning and the level of Autistic traits. In this study, autistic traits were evaluated by the Autistic Spectrum Quotient (AQ). Two tasks were used: (1) an interactional synchrony task where participants and the research assistant were instructed to move their hands together; and (2) a motor planning task which allows for continuous monitoring of natural hand movements. Pearson correlation analysis indicated a significant association between lower communication skills (i.e., higher AQ communication scores) and lower intentional synchrony rates. In addition, lower communication skills were found associated with typical patterns of motor planning and execution characterized by shorter time to start the movement and higher value of max speed. Mediator analyses supported the notion that aberrant intentional synchrony in individuals with low communication skills is partially mediated through typical patterns of motor planning and execution. These results suggest typical patterns of motor functions may account for intentional synchrony difficulties.
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11
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Cuadros Z, Hurtado E, Cornejo C. Infant-adult synchrony in spontaneous and nonspontaneous interactions. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0244138. [PMID: 33338070 PMCID: PMC7748288 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0244138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Infant-adult synchrony has been reported through observational and experimental studies. Nevertheless, synchrony is addressed differently in both cases. While observational studies measure synchrony in spontaneous infant-adult interactions, experimental studies manipulate it, inducing nonspontaneous synchronous and asynchronous interactions. A still unsolved question is to what extent differ spontaneous synchrony from the nonspontaneous one, experimentally elicited. To address this question, we conducted a study to compare synchrony in both interactional contexts. Forty-three 14-month-old infants were randomly assigned to one of two independent groups: (1) the spontaneous interaction context, consisting of a storytime session; and (2) the nonspontaneous interaction context, where an assistant bounced the infant in synchrony with a stranger. We employed an optical motion capture system to accurately track the time and form of synchrony in both contexts. Our findings indicate that synchrony arising in spontaneous exchanges has different traits than synchrony produced in a nonspontaneous interplay. The evidence presented here offers new insights for rethinking the study of infant-adult synchrony and its consequences on child development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zamara Cuadros
- Laboratorio de Lenguaje Interacción y Fenomenología, Escuela de Psicología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Esteban Hurtado
- Laboratorio de Lenguaje Interacción y Fenomenología, Escuela de Psicología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carlos Cornejo
- Laboratorio de Lenguaje Interacción y Fenomenología, Escuela de Psicología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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12
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13
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Günak MM, Clark DM, Lommen MJJ. Disrupted joint action accounts for reduced likability of socially anxious individuals. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry 2020; 68:101512. [PMID: 31739248 PMCID: PMC7232015 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbtep.2019.101512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/31/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Motivated by their fear of disapproval, individuals with social anxiety continually monitor their own behaviour during social interactions hoping to prevent dreaded negative outcomes. Ironically, they do evoke less positive reactions from others. This study investigated whether lower engagement in the interpersonal process of joint action by socially anxious individuals leads them to attract less positive ratings by their conversation partners. METHOD High socially anxious (HSA; N = 36) and low socially anxious individuals (LSA; N = 36) had separate conversations with a naïve conversation partner (N = 36). Conversations were filmed and analysed for joint action using the conventional manual way and a more exploratory automated way. Conversation partners rated the quality of the interaction and the person they talked to. RESULTS Conversation partners rated HSA participants less positively than LSA participants. The conventional manual method showed less joint action in conversations with LSA participants and crucially, joint action served as mediator between social anxiety status and general impression, quality of interaction and desire to meet again. These results were not replicated with the automated method. LIMITATIONS The study used an analogue sample and future research should investigate whether these findings also apply to a clinical sample. Future studies should further explore the utility of automated techniques to measure joint action. CONCLUSION Reduced joint action may explain why socially anxious individuals tend to be perceived less positively by others. The findings emphasise the importance of taking an interpersonal and holistic approach to understanding aspects of social anxiety disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mia Maria Günak
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Experimental Psychopathology, University of Groningen, Netherlands.
| | - David M Clark
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Miriam J J Lommen
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, United Kingdom.
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14
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Macpherson MC, Fay N, Miles LK. Seeing synchrony: A replication of the effects of task-irrelevant social information on perceptions of interpersonal coordination. Acta Psychol (Amst) 2020; 209:103140. [PMID: 32738451 DOI: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2020.103140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The display of synchronous behaviour can be both an engaging spectacle and a source of important social information. When understood as a dynamical system, interpersonal synchrony has specific kinematic qualities that have been shown to shape social perceptions. Little research, however, has examined the converse relationship - are perceptions of the kinematics of interpersonal synchrony influenced by socially relevant, but task-irrelevant, information? To provide further insight to this question we conducted a pre-registered replication of Lumsden, Miles, and Macrae (2012). Participants (n = 191) rated the level of coordination present in dyads made up of individuals with either similar or dissimilar skin tones. Faithful to the original study, the results indicated that perceivers were sensitive to differing levels of interpersonal coordination, and judged dissimilar dyads to be less coordinated than dyads with a similar skin tone despite actual coordination levels being objectively equivalent. Extending Lumsden et al., the results also revealed a negative relationship between subclinical variation in social anxiety and the degree of perceived coordination. This work is discussed with respect to the perceptual and social factors that underlie judgements of interpersonal coordination.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Macpherson
- School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia, Australia.
| | - N Fay
- School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia, Australia
| | - L K Miles
- School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia, Australia
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15
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Lahnakoski JM, Forbes PA, McCall C, Schilbach L. Unobtrusive tracking of interpersonal orienting and distance predicts the subjective quality of social interactions. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2020; 7:191815. [PMID: 32968493 PMCID: PMC7481680 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.191815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Interpersonal coordination of behaviour is essential for smooth social interactions. Measures of interpersonal behaviour, however, often rely on subjective evaluations, invasive measurement techniques or gross measures of motion. Here, we constructed an unobtrusive motion tracking system that enables detailed analysis of behaviour at the individual and interpersonal levels, which we validated using wearable sensors. We evaluate dyadic measures of joint orienting and distancing, synchrony and gaze behaviours to summarize data collected during natural conversation and joint action tasks. Our results demonstrate that patterns of proxemic behaviours, rather than more widely used measures of interpersonal synchrony, best predicted the subjective quality of the interactions. Increased distance between participants predicted lower enjoyment, while increased joint orienting towards each other during cooperation correlated with increased effort reported by the participants. Importantly, the interpersonal distance was most informative of the quality of interaction when task demands and experimental control were minimal. These results suggest that interpersonal measures of behaviour gathered during minimally constrained social interactions are particularly sensitive for the subjective quality of social interactions and may be useful for interaction-based phenotyping for further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juha M. Lahnakoski
- Independent Max Planck Research Group for Social Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Kraepelinstr. 2-10, 80804 Munich, Germany
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Brain & Behaviour (INM-7), Research Center Jülich, Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße, 52428 Jülich, Germany
- Institute of Systems Neuroscience, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Paul A.G. Forbes
- Social, Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience Unit, Department of Cognition, Emotion, and Methods in Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Liebiggasse 5, 1010 Vienna, Austria
| | - Cade McCall
- Department of Psychology, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Leonhard Schilbach
- Independent Max Planck Research Group for Social Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Kraepelinstr. 2-10, 80804 Munich, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Nussbaumstr. 7, 80336 Munich, Germany
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16
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Georgescu AL, Koeroglu S, Hamilton AFDC, Vogeley K, Falter-Wagner CM, Tschacher W. Reduced nonverbal interpersonal synchrony in autism spectrum disorder independent of partner diagnosis: a motion energy study. Mol Autism 2020; 11:11. [PMID: 32014017 PMCID: PMC6998161 DOI: 10.1186/s13229-019-0305-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND One of the main diagnostic features of individuals with autism spectrum disorders is nonverbal behaviour difficulties during naturalistic social interactions. The 'Interactional Heterogeneity Hypothesis' of ASD proposes that the degree to which individuals share a common ground substantially influences their ability to achieve smooth social interactions. METHODS To test this hypothesis, we filmed 29 autistic and 29 matched typically developed adults engaged in several conversational tasks. Windowed cross-lagged correlations were computed using the time series of motion energy of both individuals in a dyad. These coefficients were then compared across the three dyad types that were homo- or heterogenous with respect to diagnosis: pairs of two autistic individuals, two typically developed individuals or pairs of one autistic and one typically developed person. RESULTS We found that all dyad types achieved above-chance interpersonal synchrony, but that synchrony was more expressed in typical dyads compared to both autistic and mixed dyads. LIMITATIONS The method presented here provides only one, albeit objective and robust, approach to explore synchrony. The methodological choices as well as the lack of consideration for other communication modalities may limit our interpretation of the findings. Moreover, the sample size is small with respect to exploring associations between synchrony and various outcome and social skill measures. CONCLUSIONS The present results do not provide support for the Interactional Heterogeneity Hypothesis given that autistic individuals do not coordinate better when interacting with another autistic individual, compared to when interacting with a typical individual.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Georgescu
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, Guy's Campus, Addison House, London, SE1 1UL, UK.
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, 17 Queen Square, London, WC1N 3AR, UK.
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
| | - S Koeroglu
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - A F de C Hamilton
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, 17 Queen Square, London, WC1N 3AR, UK
| | - K Vogeley
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Institute of Neurosciences and Medicine - Cognitive Neuroscience (INM-3), Research Center Jülich, Jülich, 52425, Germany
| | - C M Falter-Wagner
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, LMU Munich, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - W Tschacher
- University Hospital of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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17
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Varlet M, Nozaradan S, Nijhuis P, Keller PE. Neural tracking and integration of ‘self’ and ‘other’ in improvised interpersonal coordination. Neuroimage 2020; 206:116303. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.116303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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18
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Słowiński P, Al-Ramadhani S, Tsaneva-Atanasova K. Neurologically Motivated Coupling Functions in Models of Motor Coordination. SIAM JOURNAL ON APPLIED DYNAMICAL SYSTEMS 2020; 19:208-232. [PMID: 31992962 PMCID: PMC6986925 DOI: 10.1137/19m1279381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We present an analysis of two Haken-Kelso-Bunz (HKB) oscillators coupled by a neurologically motivated function. We study the effect of time delay and weighted self-feedback and mutual feedback on the synchronization behavior of the model. We focus on identifying parameter regimes supporting experimentally observed decrease in oscillation amplitude and loss of anti-phase stability that has inspired the development of the HKB model. We show that a combination of cross-talk and nonlinearity in the coupling, along with physiologically relevant time delay, is able to quantitatively account for both drop in oscillation amplitude and loss of anti-phase stability in a frequency dependent manner. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the transition between discrete and rhythmic movements could be captured by this model. To this end, we carry out theoretical and numerical analysis of the emergence of in-phase and anti-phase oscillations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Słowiński
- Department of Mathematics and the Living Systems Institute, Translational Research Exchange @Exeter, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK (http://emps.exeter.ac.uk/mathematics/staff/pms210)
| | - Sohaib Al-Ramadhani
- Department of Mathematics, College of Education for Pure Science, University of Mosul, Mosul, 41002, Iraq
| | - Krasimira Tsaneva-Atanasova
- Department of Mathematics and the Living Systems Institute, EPSRC Centre for Predictive Modelling in Healthcare, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK (http://emps.exeter.ac.uk/mathematics/staff/kt298)
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19
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Macpherson MC, Marie D, Schön S, Miles LK. Evaluating the interplay between subclinical levels of mental health symptoms and coordination dynamics. Br J Psychol 2019; 111:782-804. [PMID: 31553071 DOI: 10.1111/bjop.12426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Viewed under the broad theoretical umbrella of an embodied-embedded approach to psychological activity, body movements can be seen to play an essential role in shaping social interaction. Of note, research concerning the embodiment of social cognition has documented key differences in non-verbal behaviour during social interaction for individuals diagnosed with a range of disorders, including social anxiety disorder and autism spectrum disorder. The present work sets out to extend these findings by better understanding the interplay between subclinical variation in psychopathology and social-motor coordination, a key component of effective interaction. We asked participants, in pairs, to swing hand-held pendula that varied in their intrinsic movement characteristics. Extending previous clinically oriented work (Varlet et al., 2014, Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience, 8, 29), our results indicated that subclinical variation in mental health status was predictive of disruption to the patterns of coordination dynamics that characterize effective social exchange. This work provides further evidence for the utility of theorizing social interaction as a self-organizing dynamical system and strengthens support for the claim that disruption to interpersonal coordination may act as an embodied-embedded marker of variation in mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dannette Marie
- School of Psychology, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Sophia Schön
- School of Psychology, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Lynden K Miles
- School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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20
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Empathic perspective taking promotes interpersonal coordination through music. Sci Rep 2019; 9:12255. [PMID: 31439866 PMCID: PMC6706439 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-48556-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Coordinated behavior promotes collaboration among humans. To shed light upon this relationship, we investigated whether and how interpersonal coordination is promoted by empathic perspective taking (EPT). In a joint music-making task, pairs of participants rotated electronic music-boxes, producing two streams of musical sounds that were meant to be played synchronously. Participants – who were not musically trained – were assigned to high and low EPT groups based on pre-experimental assessments using a standardized personality questionnaire. Results indicated that high EPT pairs were generally more accurate in synchronizing their actions. When instructed to lead the interaction, high and low EPT leaders were equally cooperative with followers, making their performance tempo more regular, presumably in order to increase their predictability and help followers to synchronize. Crucially, however, high EPT followers were better able to use this information to predict leaders’ behavior and thus improve interpersonal synchronization. Thus, empathic perspective taking promotes interpersonal coordination by enhancing accuracy in predicting others’ behavior while leaving the aptitude for cooperation unaltered. We argue that such predictive capacity relies on a sensorimotor mechanism responsible for simulating others’ actions in an anticipatory manner, leading to behavioral advantages that may impact social cognition on a broad scale.
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21
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Zelic G, Nijhuis P, Charaf SA, Keller PE, Davis C, Kim J, Varlet M. The influence of pacer-movement continuity and pattern matching on auditory-motor synchronisation. Exp Brain Res 2019; 237:2705-2713. [DOI: 10.1007/s00221-019-05625-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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22
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Viol K, Aas B, Kastinger A, Kronbichler M, Schöller HJ, Reiter EM, Said-Yürekli S, Kronbichler L, Kravanja-Spannberger B, Stöger-Schmidinger B, Aichhorn W, Schiepek GK. Erroneously Disgusted: fMRI Study Supports Disgust-Related Neural Reuse in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD). Front Behav Neurosci 2019; 13:81. [PMID: 31068796 PMCID: PMC6491783 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2019.00081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: fMRI scans of patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) consistently show a hyperactivity of the insular cortex, a region responsible for disgust-processing, when confronted with symptom-triggering stimuli. This asks for an investigation of the role of disgust and the insula in OCD patients. Methods: Seventeen inpatients with OCD and 17 healthy controls (HC) underwent fMRI scanning. Whole-brain contrasts were calculated for “Disgust vs. Neutral” for both groups, plus an analysis of variance (ANOVA) to assess the interaction between group and condition. Additionally, the emotional dimensions of valence and arousal, along with the ability to cope, were assessed by picture ratings. Results: The picture ratings confirmed the patients’ heightened sensitivity to disgust with higher values for arousal and inability to cope, but not for valence. fMRI scans revealed no hyperactivity of the insula in patients compared to controls for the condition “Disgust vs. Neutral,” indicating no basic hypersensitivity to disgusting stimuli. Increased activity in the precuneus in controls for this condition might correspond to the downregulation of arousal. Conclusions: The absent differences in neural activity of the insula in patients compared to controls for the disgust-condition, but heightened activity for symptom-provoking conditions, suggests that the illness is due to an erroneous recruitment of the insula cortex for OCD-stimuli. The finding is interpreted within the framework of the neural reuse hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin Viol
- Institute for Synergetics and Psychotherapy Research, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria.,Department of Psychosomatics and Inpatient Psychotherapy, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Benjamin Aas
- Department of Psychology, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
| | - Anna Kastinger
- Department of Psychosomatics and Inpatient Psychotherapy, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria.,Department for Psychosomatics and Inpatient Psychotherapy, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Martin Kronbichler
- Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria.,Neuroscience Institute, Christian Doppler Clinic, University Hospital Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Helmut Johannes Schöller
- Institute for Synergetics and Psychotherapy Research, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria.,Department of Psychosomatics and Inpatient Psychotherapy, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Eva-Maria Reiter
- Neuroscience Institute, Christian Doppler Clinic, University Hospital Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria.,Department for Radiotherapy and Radio-Oncology, Christian Doppler Clinic, University Hospital Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Sarah Said-Yürekli
- Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria.,Neuroscience Institute, Christian Doppler Clinic, University Hospital Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria.,Department of Neurology, Christian-Doppler Medical Center, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Lisa Kronbichler
- Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria.,Neuroscience Institute, Christian Doppler Clinic, University Hospital Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | | | - Barbara Stöger-Schmidinger
- Department of Psychosomatics and Inpatient Psychotherapy, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Aichhorn
- Institute for Synergetics and Psychotherapy Research, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria.,Department of Psychosomatics and Inpatient Psychotherapy, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Guenter Karl Schiepek
- Institute for Synergetics and Psychotherapy Research, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria.,Department of Psychosomatics and Inpatient Psychotherapy, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria.,Department of Psychology, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
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23
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Multi-layer adaptation of group coordination in musical ensembles. Sci Rep 2019; 9:5854. [PMID: 30971783 PMCID: PMC6458170 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-42395-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Group coordination passes through an efficient integration of multimodal sources of information. This study examines complex non-verbal communication by recording movement kinematics from conductors and two sections of violinists of an orchestra adapting to a perturbation affecting their normal pattern of sensorimotor communication (rotation of half a turn of the first violinists’ section). We show that different coordination signals are channeled through ancillary (head kinematics) and instrumental movements (bow kinematics). Each one of them affect coordination either at the inter-group or intra-group levels, therefore tapping into different modes of cooperation: complementary versus imitative coordination. Our study suggests that the co-regulation of group behavior is based on the exchange of information across several layers, each one of them tuned to carry specific coordinative signals. Multi-layer sensorimotor communication may be the key musicians and, more generally humans, use to flexibly communicate between each other in interactive sensorimotor tasks.
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24
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Gilboa‐Schechtman E, Keshet H, Peschard V, Azoulay R. Self and identity in social anxiety disorder. J Pers 2019; 88:106-121. [DOI: 10.1111/jopy.12455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 12/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eva Gilboa‐Schechtman
- Department of Psychology and the Gonda Brain Science Center Bar‐Ilan University Ramat‐Gan Israel
| | - Hadar Keshet
- Department of Psychology and the Gonda Brain Science Center Bar‐Ilan University Ramat‐Gan Israel
| | - Virginie Peschard
- Department of Psychology and the Gonda Brain Science Center Bar‐Ilan University Ramat‐Gan Israel
| | - Roy Azoulay
- Department of Psychology and the Gonda Brain Science Center Bar‐Ilan University Ramat‐Gan Israel
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25
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Mills PF, Harry B, Stevens CJ, Knoblich G, Keller PE. Intentionality of a co-actor influences sensorimotor synchronisation with a virtual partner. Q J Exp Psychol (Hove) 2018; 72:1478-1492. [PMID: 30081732 DOI: 10.1177/1747021818796183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Interpersonal sensorimotor synchronisation requires individuals to anticipate and adapt to their partner's movement timing. Research has demonstrated that the intentionality of a co-actor affects joint action planning, however, less is known about whether co-actor intentionality affects sensorimotor synchronisation. Explicit and implicit knowledge of a synchronisation partner's intentionality may influence coordination by modulating temporal anticipation and adaptation processes. We used a computer-controlled virtual partner (VP) consisting of tempo-changing auditory pacing sequences to simulate either an intentional or unintentional synchronisation partner. The VP was programmed to respond to the participant with low or moderate degrees of error correction, simulating a slightly or moderately adaptive human, respectively. In addition, task instructions were manipulated so that participants were told they were synchronising with either another person or a computer. Results indicated that synchronisation performance improved with the more adaptive VP. In addition, there was an influence of the explicit partner instruction, but this was dependent upon the degree of VP adaptivity and was modulated by subjective preferences for either the human or the computer partner. Beliefs about the intentionality of a synchronisation partner may thus influence interpersonal sensorimotor synchronisation in a manner that is modulated by preferences for interacting with intentional agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peta F Mills
- 1 Music Cognition and Action Group, The MARCS Institute for Brain, Behaviour and Development, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Bronson Harry
- 1 Music Cognition and Action Group, The MARCS Institute for Brain, Behaviour and Development, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Catherine J Stevens
- 1 Music Cognition and Action Group, The MARCS Institute for Brain, Behaviour and Development, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Guenther Knoblich
- 2 The Social Mind and Body Group, Central European University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Peter E Keller
- 1 Music Cognition and Action Group, The MARCS Institute for Brain, Behaviour and Development, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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26
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Cornejo C, Hurtado E, Cuadros Z, Torres-Araneda A, Paredes J, Olivares H, Carré D, Robledo JP. Dynamics of Simultaneous and Imitative Bodily Coordination in Trust and Distrust. Front Psychol 2018; 9:1546. [PMID: 30210391 PMCID: PMC6121516 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Body synchronization between interacting people involves coordinative movements in time, space and form. The introduction of newer technologies for automated video analysis and motion tracking has considerably improved the accurate measurement of coordination, particularly in temporal and spatial terms. However, the form of interpersonal coordination has been less explored. In the present study we address this gap by exploring the effect of trust on temporal and morphological patterns of interpersonal coordination. We adapted an optical motion-capture system to record spontaneous body movements in pairs of individuals engaged in natural conversations. We conducted two experiments in which we manipulated trust through a breach of expectancy (Study 1: 10 trustful and 10 distrustful participants) and friendship (Study 2: 20 dyads of friends and 20 dyads of strangers). In Study 1, results show the participants' strong, early mirror-like coordination in response to the confederates' breach of trust. In Study 2, imitative coordination tended to be more pronounced in pairs of friends than in pairs of non-friends. Overall, our results show not only that listeners move in reaction to speakers, but also that speakers react to listeners with a chain of dynamic coordination patterns affected by the immediate disposition of, and long-term relationship with, their interlocutors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Cornejo
- Laboratorio de Lenguaje Interacción y Fenomenología, Escuela de Psicología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Esteban Hurtado
- Laboratorio de Lenguaje Interacción y Fenomenología, Escuela de Psicología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Zamara Cuadros
- Laboratorio de Lenguaje Interacción y Fenomenología, Escuela de Psicología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alejandra Torres-Araneda
- Laboratorio de Lenguaje Interacción y Fenomenología, Escuela de Psicología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Javiera Paredes
- Laboratorio de Lenguaje Interacción y Fenomenología, Escuela de Psicología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Himmbler Olivares
- Departamento de Psicología, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - David Carré
- Carrera de Psicología, Universidad Arturo Prat, Iquique, Chile
| | - Juan P Robledo
- Centre for Music and Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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27
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Gaul D, Issartel J. Getting into the Swing of things: An investigation into rhythmic unimanual coordination in typically developing children. Neurosci Lett 2018; 671:148-153. [PMID: 29331628 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2018.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Revised: 01/01/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Unimanual coordination is a vital component of everyday life and underpins successful engagement of many activities of daily living and physical activity participation. The ability to coordinate with environmental stimuli has been extensively studied in adults in a variety of situations. However, we know little about these processes in children and even less about how these processes change as age increases. This paper examines children's performance in a rhythmic unimanual coordination task using a handheld pendulum. Participants (aged 6, 9 and 11 years) manipulated the pendulum at 3 frequencies (preferred frequency, +20% of preferred and -20% of preferred frequency) in coordination with 3 stimuli (Visual, Auditory and Visual-Auditory combined). Results showed that children's coordination levels and movement variability improved with age, however still fell below those observed in adults. In addition children demonstrated preferences for visual stimuli or multisensory stimuli compared to auditory stimuli on their own Interestingly, children were found to demonstrate different movement amplitudes for -20%, preferred and +20% frequency conditions. In conclusion, children's unimanual coordination levels were found to follow the typical maturation process and improve with age. Further to this, findings suggest the potential benefit of multisensory information for uni manual coordination in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Gaul
- School of Health and Human Performance, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Johann Issartel
- School of Health and Human Performance, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
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28
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Modulation of individual auditory-motor coordination dynamics through interpersonal visual coupling. Sci Rep 2017; 7:16220. [PMID: 29176669 PMCID: PMC5701212 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-16151-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The current study investigated whether visual coupling between two people producing dance-related movements (requiring whole-body auditory-motor coordination) results in interpersonal entrainment and modulates individual auditory-motor coordination dynamics. Paired participants performed two kinds of coordination tasks – either knee flexion or extension repeatedly with metronome beats (Flexion-on-the-beat and Extension-on-the-beat conditions) while standing face-to-face or back-to-back to manipulate visual interaction. The results indicated that the relative phases between paired participants’ movements were closer to 0° and less variable when participants could see each other. In addition, visibility of the partner reduced individual differences in the dynamics of auditory-motor coordination by modulating coordination variability and the frequency of phase transitions from Extension-on-the-beat to Flexion-on-the-beat. Together, these results indicate that visual coupling takes place when paired participants can see each other and leads to interpersonal entrainment during rhythmic auditory-motor coordination, which compensates for individual differences via behavioural assimilation and thus enables individuals to achieve unified and cohesive performances.
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29
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Brezis RS, Noy L, Alony T, Gotlieb R, Cohen R, Golland Y, Levit-Binnun N. Patterns of Joint Improvisation in Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder. Front Psychol 2017; 8:1790. [PMID: 29114236 PMCID: PMC5660713 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent research on autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) suggests that individuals with autism may have a basic deficit in synchronizing with others, and that this difficulty may lead to more complex social and communicative deficits. Here, we examined synchronization during an open-ended joint improvisation (JI) paradigm, called the mirror game (MG). In the MG, two players take turns leading, following, and jointly improvising motion using two handles set on parallel tracks, while their motion tracks are recorded with high temporal and spatial resolution. A series of previous studies have shown that players in the MG attain moments of highly synchronized co-confident (CC) motion, in which there is no typical kinematic pattern of leader and reactive follower. It has been suggested that during these moments players act as a coupled unit and feel high levels of connectedness. Here, we aimed to assess whether participants with ASD are capable of attaining CC, and whether their MG performance relates to broader motor and social skills. We found that participants with ASD (n = 34) can indeed attain CC moments when playing with an expert improviser, though their performance was attenuated in several ways, compared to typically developing (TD) participants (n = 35). Specifically, ASD participants had lower rates of CC, compared with TD participants, which was most pronounced during the following rounds. In addition, the duration of their CC segments was shorter, across all rounds. When controlling for participants' motor skills (both on the MG console, and more broadly) some of the variability in MG performance was explained, but group differences remained. ASD participants' alexithymia further correlated with their difficulty following another's lead; though other social skills did not relate to MG performance. Participants' subjective reports of the game suggest that other cognitive and emotional factors, such as attention, motivation, and reward-processing, which were not directly measured in the experiment, may impact their performance. Together, these results show that ASD participants can attain moments of high motor synchronization with an expert improviser, even during an open-ended task. Future studies should examine the ways in which these skills may be further harnessed in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel-Shlomit Brezis
- Sagol Center for Brain and Mind, Baruch Ivcher School of Psychology, Interdisciplinary Center Herzliya, Herzliya, Israel
| | - Lior Noy
- Theatre Lab, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Tali Alony
- Sagol Center for Brain and Mind, Baruch Ivcher School of Psychology, Interdisciplinary Center Herzliya, Herzliya, Israel
| | - Rachel Gotlieb
- Sagol Center for Brain and Mind, Baruch Ivcher School of Psychology, Interdisciplinary Center Herzliya, Herzliya, Israel
| | - Rachel Cohen
- Sagol Center for Brain and Mind, Baruch Ivcher School of Psychology, Interdisciplinary Center Herzliya, Herzliya, Israel
| | - Yulia Golland
- Sagol Center for Brain and Mind, Baruch Ivcher School of Psychology, Interdisciplinary Center Herzliya, Herzliya, Israel
| | - Nava Levit-Binnun
- Sagol Center for Brain and Mind, Baruch Ivcher School of Psychology, Interdisciplinary Center Herzliya, Herzliya, Israel
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30
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Cornejo C, Cuadros Z, Morales R, Paredes J. Interpersonal Coordination: Methods, Achievements, and Challenges. Front Psychol 2017; 8:1685. [PMID: 29021769 PMCID: PMC5623900 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Research regarding interpersonal coordination can be traced back to the early 1960s when video recording began to be utilized in communication studies. Since then, technological advances have extended the range of techniques that can be used to accurately study interactional phenomena. Although such a diversity of methods contributes to the improvement of knowledge concerning interpersonal coordination, it has become increasingly difficult to maintain a comprehensive view of the field. In the present article, we review the main capture methods by describing their major findings, levels of description and limitations. We group them into three categories: video analysis, motion tracking, and psychophysiological and neurophysiological techniques. Revised evidence suggests that interpersonal coordination encompasses a family of morphological and temporal synchronies at different levels and that it is closely related to the construction and maintenance of a common social and affective space. We conclude by arguing that future research should address methodological challenges to advance the understanding of coordination phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Cornejo
- Laboratorio de Lenguaje Interacción y Fenomenología, Escuela de Psicología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Zamara Cuadros
- Laboratorio de Lenguaje Interacción y Fenomenología, Escuela de Psicología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ricardo Morales
- Laboratorio de Lenguaje Interacción y Fenomenología, Escuela de Psicología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Javiera Paredes
- Laboratorio de Lenguaje Interacción y Fenomenología, Escuela de Psicología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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31
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Varlet M, Schmidt RC, Richardson MJ. Influence of stimulus velocity profile on unintentional visuomotor entrainment depends on eye movements. Exp Brain Res 2017; 235:3279-3286. [PMID: 28785781 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-017-5055-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Humans spontaneously entrain their movements to visual rhythms in the environment. Previous research has shown that the strength of such unintentional visuomotor entrainment is enhanced when observing rhythms characterized by the nonlinear, Rayleigh kinematics typical of human movements; such movements are characterized by greater slowness towards the trajectory turning points compared to sinusoidal movements. However, the enhanced unintentional entrainment to rhythms exhibiting Rayleigh kinematics has only been shown to occur when participants tracked stimulus movements with their eyes, which might have facilitated access to important information for enhanced entrainment. The current study compared the strength of unintentional visuomotor entrainment with both Rayleigh and sinusoidal kinematics when participants were either tracking (eye following the oscillating stimulus) or non-tracking (eye fixed at the centre of the stimulus trajectory) stimulus movements. The results showed that enhanced unintentional entrainment with Rayleigh stimuli only occurred with eye-tracking, supporting that slowness of rhythmic movements towards turning points facilitate entrainment and that access to this information depends on eye movements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Varlet
- The MARCS Institute for Brain, Behaviour and Development, University of Western Sydney, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia.
| | - R C Schmidt
- Department of Psychology, College of the Holy Cross, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Michael J Richardson
- Perceptual-Motor Dynamics Laboratory, CAP Center for Cognition, Action, and Perception, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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32
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Słowiński P, Alderisio F, Zhai C, Shen Y, Tino P, Bortolon C, Capdevielle D, Cohen L, Khoramshahi M, Billard A, Salesse R, Gueugnon M, Marin L, Bardy BG, di Bernardo M, Raffard S, Tsaneva-Atanasova K. Unravelling socio-motor biomarkers in schizophrenia. NPJ SCHIZOPHRENIA 2017; 3:8. [PMID: 28560254 PMCID: PMC5441525 DOI: 10.1038/s41537-016-0009-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Revised: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
We present novel, low-cost and non-invasive potential diagnostic biomarkers of schizophrenia. They are based on the 'mirror-game', a coordination task in which two partners are asked to mimic each other's hand movements. In particular, we use the patient's solo movement, recorded in the absence of a partner, and motion recorded during interaction with an artificial agent, a computer avatar or a humanoid robot. In order to discriminate between the patients and controls, we employ statistical learning techniques, which we apply to nonverbal synchrony and neuromotor features derived from the participants' movement data. The proposed classifier has 93% accuracy and 100% specificity. Our results provide evidence that statistical learning techniques, nonverbal movement coordination and neuromotor characteristics could form the foundation of decision support tools aiding clinicians in cases of diagnostic uncertainty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Słowiński
- Department of Mathematics, College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4QF UK
| | - Francesco Alderisio
- Department of Engineering Mathematics, University of Bristol, Merchant Venturers’ Building, Exeter, BS8 1UB UK
| | - Chao Zhai
- Department of Engineering Mathematics, University of Bristol, Merchant Venturers’ Building, Exeter, BS8 1UB UK
| | - Yuan Shen
- School of Computer Science, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT UK
| | - Peter Tino
- School of Computer Science, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT UK
| | - Catherine Bortolon
- University Department of Adult Psychiatry, Hôpital de la Colombière, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier-1 University, Montpellier, France
| | - Delphine Capdevielle
- University Department of Adult Psychiatry, Hôpital de la Colombière, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier-1 University, Montpellier, France
- INSERM U-1061, Montpellier, France
| | - Laura Cohen
- LASA Laboratory, School of Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne—EPFL, Station 9, Lausanne, 1015 Switzerland
| | - Mahdi Khoramshahi
- LASA Laboratory, School of Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne—EPFL, Station 9, Lausanne, 1015 Switzerland
| | - Aude Billard
- LASA Laboratory, School of Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne—EPFL, Station 9, Lausanne, 1015 Switzerland
| | - Robin Salesse
- EuroMov, Montpellier University, 700 Avenue du Pic Saint-Loup, Montpellier, 34090 France
| | - Mathieu Gueugnon
- EuroMov, Montpellier University, 700 Avenue du Pic Saint-Loup, Montpellier, 34090 France
| | - Ludovic Marin
- EuroMov, Montpellier University, 700 Avenue du Pic Saint-Loup, Montpellier, 34090 France
| | - Benoit G. Bardy
- EuroMov, Montpellier University, 700 Avenue du Pic Saint-Loup, Montpellier, 34090 France
- Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
| | - Mario di Bernardo
- Department of Engineering Mathematics, University of Bristol, Merchant Venturers’ Building, Exeter, BS8 1UB UK
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, 80125 Italy
| | - Stephane Raffard
- University Department of Adult Psychiatry, Hôpital de la Colombière, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier-1 University, Montpellier, France
- Epsylon Laboratory Dynamic of Human Abilities & Health Behaviors, Montpellier-3 University, Montpellier, France
| | - Krasimira Tsaneva-Atanasova
- Department of Mathematics, College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4QF UK
- EPSRC Centre for Predictive Modelling in Healthcare, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4QJ UK
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Miles LK, Lumsden J, Flannigan N, Allsop JS, Marie D. Coordination Matters: Interpersonal Synchrony Influences Collaborative Problem-Solving. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.4236/psych.2017.811121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Social-motor experience and perception-action learning bring efficiency to machines. Behav Brain Sci 2017; 40:e273. [DOI: 10.1017/s0140525x1700022x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
AbstractLake et al. proposed a way to build machines that learn as fast as people do. This can be possible only if machines follow the human processes: the perception-action loop. People perceive and act to understand new objects or to promote specific behavior to their partners. In return, the object/person provides information that induces another reaction, and so on.
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Novembre G, Sammler D, Keller PE. Neural alpha oscillations index the balance between self-other integration and segregation in real-time joint action. Neuropsychologia 2016; 89:414-425. [PMID: 27449708 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2016.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Revised: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Shared knowledge and interpersonal coordination are prerequisites for most forms of social behavior. Influential approaches to joint action have conceptualized these capacities in relation to the separate constructs of co-representation (knowledge) and self-other entrainment (coordination). Here we investigated how brain mechanisms involved in co-representation and entrainment interact to support joint action. To do so, we used a musical joint action paradigm to show that the neural mechanisms underlying co-representation and self-other entrainment are linked via a process - indexed by EEG alpha oscillations - regulating the balance between self-other integration and segregation in real time. Pairs of pianists performed short musical items while action familiarity and interpersonal (behavioral) synchronization accuracy were manipulated in a factorial design. Action familiarity referred to whether or not pianists had rehearsed the musical material performed by the other beforehand. Interpersonal synchronization was manipulated via congruent or incongruent tempo change instructions that biased performance timing towards the impending, new tempo. It was observed that, when pianists were familiar with each other's parts, millisecond variations in interpersonal synchronized behavior were associated with a modulation of alpha power over right centro-parietal scalp regions. Specifically, high behavioral entrainment was associated with self-other integration, as indexed by alpha suppression. Conversely, low behavioral entrainment encouraged reliance on internal knowledge and thus led to self-other segregation, indexed by alpha enhancement. These findings suggest that alpha oscillations index the processing of information about self and other depending on the compatibility of internal knowledge and external (environmental) events at finely resolved timescales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Novembre
- The Marcs Institute for Brain, Behaviour and Development, Western Sydney University, Australia; Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Daniela Sammler
- Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Peter E Keller
- The Marcs Institute for Brain, Behaviour and Development, Western Sydney University, Australia
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36
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Teaching interactions are based on motor behavior embodiment. Behav Brain Sci 2016; 38:e49. [PMID: 26786974 DOI: 10.1017/s0140525x1400051x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
In Kline's target article, the role of motor behavior in teaching is missing. However, it is so important that we cannot avoid taking into account the movements of another person when performing our own movements. Moreover, the state of mind is embodied. Consequently, teaching should integrate the role of motor behavior to enhance teacher/learner social interactions.
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37
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The acquisition of socio-motor improvisation in the mirror game. Hum Mov Sci 2015; 46:117-28. [PMID: 26741257 DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2015.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Revised: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Socio-motor improvisation is defined as the creative action of two or more people without a script or anticipated preparation. It is evaluated through two main parameters: movement synchronization and movement richness. Experts in art (e.g., dance, theater or music) are known to exhibit higher synchronization and to perform richer movements during interpersonal improvisation, but how these competences evolve over time is largely unknown. In the present study, we investigated whether performing more synchronized and richer movements over time can promote the acquisition of improvisation. Pairs of novice participants were instructed to play an improvisation mirror game in three different sessions. Between sessions, they performed an unintended interpersonal coordination task in which synchronization and richness were manipulated, resulting in four different groups of dyads. Our results demonstrate that synchronization during improvisation improved for all groups whereas movement richness only enhanced for dyads that performed synchronized movements during unintended coordination tasks. Our findings suggest that movement synchrony contributes more than movement richness to the acquisition of socio-motor improvisation in the mirror game.
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38
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Dumas G, Laroche J, Lehmann A. Your body, my body, our coupling moves our bodies. Front Hum Neurosci 2014; 8:1004. [PMID: 25566026 PMCID: PMC4267207 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2014.01004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Accepted: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Dumas
- Institut Pasteur, Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions Unit Paris, France ; CNRS UMR3571 Genes, Synapses and Cognition, Institut Pasteur Paris, France ; Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions, University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité Paris, France
| | | | - Alexandre Lehmann
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University Montreal, QC, Canada ; Centre for Research on Brain, Language and Music Montreal, QC, Canada ; International Laboratory for Brain, Music and Sound Research Montreal, QC, Canada
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Laroche J, Berardi AM, Brangier E. Embodiment of intersubjective time: relational dynamics as attractors in the temporal coordination of interpersonal behaviors and experiences. Front Psychol 2014; 5:1180. [PMID: 25400598 PMCID: PMC4215825 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2014.01180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2014] [Accepted: 09/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper addresses the issue of “being together,” and more specifically the issue of “being together in time.” We provide with an integrative framework that is inspired by phenomenology, the enactive approach and dynamical systems theories. To do so, we first define embodiment as a living and lived phenomenon that emerges from agent-world coupling. We then show that embodiment is essentially dynamical and therefore we describe experiential, behavioral and brain dynamics. Both lived temporality and the temporality of the living appear to be complex, multiscale phenomena. Next we discuss embodied dynamics in the context of interpersonal interactions, and briefly review the empirical literature on between-persons temporal coordination. Overall, we propose that being together in time emerges from the relational dynamics of embodied interactions and their flexible co-regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Laroche
- Akoustic Arts R&D Laboratory Paris, France ; PErSEUs, Université de Lorraine Metz, France
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Lumsden J, Miles LK, Macrae CN. Sync or sink? Interpersonal synchrony impacts self-esteem. Front Psychol 2014; 5:1064. [PMID: 25285090 PMCID: PMC4168669 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2014.01064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Accepted: 09/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Synchronized behavior has significant social influence both in terms of everyday activities (e.g., walking and talking) as well as via more historical contexts (e.g., cultural rituals). Grounded in the science of coordination dynamics, previous research has revealed that interpersonal synchrony has numerous affiliative and pro-social consequences, such as enhanced rapport, cooperation, and social-cognitive functioning. The current study sought to explore the impact of intentional synchrony versus asynchrony on an individual’s self-esteem and their feelings of social connection with a partner. The results revealed that individuals felt better about themselves following a period of synchronous compared to asynchronous movement, while they also perceived a greater self-other overlap with their partner. These findings not only extend previous research on social connections following interpersonal synchrony, but also provide the first demonstration of an influence on self-evaluations. Overall, it appears that moving in time with others may result in us feeling better about ourselves compared to moving to our own rhythm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne Lumsden
- School of Psychology, University of Aberdeen Aberdeen, UK
| | - Lynden K Miles
- School of Psychology, University of Aberdeen Aberdeen, UK
| | - C Neil Macrae
- School of Psychology, University of Aberdeen Aberdeen, UK
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