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Park EH, Kao HY, Jourdi H, van Dijk MT, Carrillo-Segura S, Tunnell KW, Gutierrez J, Wallace EJ, Troy-Regier M, Radwan B, Lesburguères E, Alarcon JM, Fenton AA. Phencyclidine Disrupts Neural Coordination and Cognitive Control by Dysregulating Translation. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY GLOBAL OPEN SCIENCE 2024; 4:252-263. [PMID: 38298788 PMCID: PMC10829677 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsgos.2023.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Phencyclidine (PCP) causes psychosis, is abused with increasing frequency, and was extensively used in antipsychotic drug discovery. PCP discoordinates hippocampal ensemble action potential discharge and impairs cognitive control in rats, but how this uncompetitive NMDA receptor (NMDAR) antagonist impairs cognition remains unknown. Methods The effects of PCP were investigated on hippocampal CA1 ensemble action potential discharge in vivo in urethane-anesthetized rats and during awake behavior in mice, on synaptic responses in ex vivo mouse hippocampus slices, in mice on a hippocampus-dependent active place avoidance task that requires cognitive control, and on activating the molecular machinery of translation in acute hippocampus slices. Mechanistic causality was assessed by comparing the PCP effects with the effects of inhibitors of protein synthesis, group I metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluR1/5), and subunit-selective NMDARs. Results Consistent with ionotropic actions, PCP discoordinated CA1 ensemble action potential discharge. PCP caused hyperactivity and impaired active place avoidance, despite the rodents having learned the task before PCP administration. Consistent with metabotropic actions, PCP exaggerated protein synthesis-dependent DHPG-induced mGluR1/5-stimulated long-term synaptic depression. Pretreatment with anisomycin or the mGluR1/5 antagonist MPEP, both of which repress translation, prevented PCP-induced discoordination and the cognitive and sensorimotor impairments. PCP as well as the NR2A-containing NMDAR antagonist NVP-AAM077 unbalanced translation that engages the Akt, mTOR (mechanistic target of rapamycin), and 4EBP1 translation machinery and increased protein synthesis, whereas the NR2B-containing antagonist Ro25-6981 did not. Conclusions PCP dysregulates translation, acting through NR2A-containing NMDAR subtypes, recruiting mGluR1/5 signaling pathways, and leading to neural discoordination that is central to the cognitive and sensorimotor impairments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Hye Park
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, New York
| | - Hsin-Yi Kao
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, New York
| | - Hussam Jourdi
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, New York
| | - Milenna T. van Dijk
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, New York
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience and Physiology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Simón Carrillo-Segura
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, New York
- Graduate Program in Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, New York University Tandon School of Engineering, New York, New York
| | - Kayla W. Tunnell
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, New York
| | | | - Emma J. Wallace
- Graduate Program in Neural and Behavioral Science, State University of New York, Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, New York
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, State University of New York, Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, New York
| | - Matthew Troy-Regier
- Graduate Program in Neural and Behavioral Science, State University of New York, Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, New York
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, State University of New York, Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, New York
| | - Basma Radwan
- Graduate Program in Neural Science, Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, New York
| | | | - Juan Marcos Alarcon
- Department of Pathology, State University of New York, Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, New York
- Robert F. Furchgott Center for Neural and Behavioral Science, State University of New York, Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, New York
| | - André A. Fenton
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, New York
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, State University of New York, Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, New York
- Robert F. Furchgott Center for Neural and Behavioral Science, State University of New York, Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, New York
- Neuroscience Institute, NYU Langone Health, New York, New York
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Gros A, Lim AWH, Hohendorf V, White N, Eckert M, McHugh TJ, Wang SH. Behavioral and Cellular Tagging in Young and in Early Cognitive Aging. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:809879. [PMID: 35283750 PMCID: PMC8907879 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.809879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to maintain relevant information on a daily basis is negatively impacted by aging. However, the neuronal mechanism manifesting memory persistence in young animals and memory decline in early aging is not fully understood. A novel event, when introduced around encoding of an everyday memory task, can facilitate memory persistence in young age but not in early aging. Here, we investigated in male rats how sub-regions of the hippocampus are involved in memory representation in behavioral tagging and how early aging affects such representation by combining behavioral training in appetitive delayed-matching-to-place tasks with the “cellular compartment analysis of temporal activity by fluorescence in situ hybridization” technique. We show that neuronal assemblies activated by memory encoding were also partially activated by novelty, particularly in the distal CA1 and proximal CA3 subregions in young male rats. In early aging, both encoding- and novelty-triggered neuronal populations were significantly reduced with a more profound effect in encoding neurons. Thus, memory persistence through novelty facilitation engages overlapping hippocampal assemblies as a key cellular signature, and cognitive aging is associated with underlying reduction in neuronal activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Gros
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Amos W. H. Lim
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Victoria Hohendorf
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Nicole White
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Eckert
- Canadian Centre for Behavioural Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - Thomas John McHugh
- Laboratory for Circuit and Behavioral Physiology, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama, Japan
| | - Szu-Han Wang
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Szu-Han Wang,
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Patrono E, Svoboda J, Stuchlík A. Schizophrenia, the gut microbiota, and new opportunities from optogenetic manipulations of the gut-brain axis. Behav Brain Funct 2021; 17:7. [PMID: 34158061 PMCID: PMC8218443 DOI: 10.1186/s12993-021-00180-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia research arose in the twentieth century and is currently rapidly developing, focusing on many parallel research pathways and evaluating various concepts of disease etiology. Today, we have relatively good knowledge about the generation of positive and negative symptoms in patients with schizophrenia. However, the neural basis and pathophysiology of schizophrenia, especially cognitive symptoms, are still poorly understood. Finding new methods to uncover the physiological basis of the mental inabilities related to schizophrenia is an urgent task for modern neuroscience because of the lack of specific therapies for cognitive deficits in the disease. Researchers have begun investigating functional crosstalk between NMDARs and GABAergic neurons associated with schizophrenia at different resolutions. In another direction, the gut microbiota is getting increasing interest from neuroscientists. Recent findings have highlighted the role of a gut-brain axis, with the gut microbiota playing a crucial role in several psychopathologies, including schizophrenia and autism. There have also been investigations into potential therapies aimed at normalizing altered microbiota signaling to the enteric nervous system (ENS) and the central nervous system (CNS). Probiotics diets and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) are currently the most common therapies. Interestingly, in rodent models of binge feeding, optogenetic applications have been shown to affect gut colony sensitivity, thus increasing colonic transit. Here, we review recent findings on the gut microbiota–schizophrenia relationship using in vivo optogenetics. Moreover, we evaluate if manipulating actors in either the brain or the gut might improve potential treatment research. Such research and techniques will increase our knowledge of how the gut microbiota can manipulate GABA production, and therefore accompany changes in CNS GABAergic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Patrono
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska, 1830, Prague, 142 20, Czech Republic.
| | - Jan Svoboda
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska, 1830, Prague, 142 20, Czech Republic
| | - Aleš Stuchlík
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska, 1830, Prague, 142 20, Czech Republic.
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Strategy-Specific Patterns of Arc Expression in the Retrosplenial Cortex and Hippocampus during T-Maze Learning in Rats. Brain Sci 2020; 10:brainsci10110854. [PMID: 33202708 PMCID: PMC7697392 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci10110854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The retrosplenial cortex (RSC) belongs to the spatial memory circuit, but the precise timeline of its involvement and the relation to hippocampal activation have not been sufficiently described. We trained rats in a modified version of the T maze with transparent walls and distant visual cues to induce the formation of allocentric spatial memory. We used two distinct salient contexts associated with opposite sequences of turns. Switching between contexts allowed us to test the ability of animals to utilize spatial information. We then applied a CatFISH approach with a probe directed against the Arc immediate early gene in order to visualize the associated memory engrams in the RSC and the hippocampus. After training, rats displayed two strategies to solve the maze, with half of the animals relying on distant spatial cues (allocentric) and the other half using egocentric strategy. Rats that did not utilize the spatial cues showed higher Arc levels in the RSC compared to the allocentric group. The overlap between the two context engrams in the RSC was similar in both groups. These results show differential involvement of the RSC and hippocampus during spatial memory acquisition and point toward their distinct roles in forming the cognitive maps.
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Uttl L, Petrasek T, Sengul H, Svojanovska M, Lobellova V, Vales K, Radostova D, Tsenov G, Kubova H, Mikulecka A, Svoboda J, Stuchlik A. Chronic MK-801 Application in Adolescence and Early Adulthood: A Spatial Working Memory Deficit in Adult Long-Evans Rats But No Changes in the Hippocampal NMDA Receptor Subunits. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:42. [PMID: 29487522 PMCID: PMC5816576 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of NMDA receptors in learning, memory and hippocampal function has long been recognized. Post-mortem studies have indicated that the expression or subunit composition of the NMDA glutamate receptor subtype might be related to the impaired cognitive functions found in schizophrenia patients. NMDA receptor antagonists have been used to develop animal models of this disorder. There is accumulating evidence showing that not only the acute but also the chronic application of NMDA receptor antagonists may induce schizophrenia-like alterations in behavior and brain functions. However, limited evidence is available regarding the consequences of NMDA receptor blockage during periods of adolescence and early adulthood. This study tested the hypothesis that a 2-week treatment of male Long-Evans and Wistar rats with dizocilpine (MK-801; 0.5 mg/kg daily) starting at postnatal days (PD) 30 and 60 would cause a long-term cognitive deficit and changes in the levels of NMDA receptor subunits. The working memory version of the Morris water maze (MWM) and active place avoidance with reversal on a rotating arena (Carousel) requiring cognitive coordination and flexibility probed cognitive functions and an elevated-plus maze (EPM) was used to measure anxiety-like behavior. The western blot method was used to determine changes in NMDA receptor subunit levels in the hippocampus. Our results showed no significant changes in behaviors in Wistar rats. Slightly elevated anxiety-like behavior was observed in the EPM in Long-Evans rats with the onset of treatment on PD 30. Furthermore, Long-Evans rats treated from PD 60 displayed impaired working memory in the MWM. There were; however, no significant changes in the levels of NMDA receptor subunits because of MK-801 administration. These findings suggest that a 2-week treatment starting on PD 60 in Long-Evans rats leads to long-term changes in working memory, but this deficit is not paralleled by changes in NMDA receptor subunits. These results support the face validity, but not construct validity of this model. We suggest that chronic treatment of adolescent and adult rats does not constitute a plausible animal model of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Libor Uttl
- Department of Developmental Epileptology, Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia.,Department of Experimental Neurobiology, National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czechia
| | - Tomas Petrasek
- Department of Neurophysiology of Memory, Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Hilal Sengul
- Department of Neurophysiology of Memory, Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia.,Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Marketa Svojanovska
- Department of Neurophysiology of Memory, Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Veronika Lobellova
- Department of Neurophysiology of Memory, Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Karel Vales
- Department of Experimental Neurobiology, National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czechia.,Department of Neurophysiology of Memory, Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Dominika Radostova
- Department of Neurophysiology of Memory, Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia.,Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Grygoriy Tsenov
- Department of Developmental Epileptology, Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Hana Kubova
- Department of Developmental Epileptology, Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Anna Mikulecka
- Department of Developmental Epileptology, Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Jan Svoboda
- Department of Neurophysiology of Memory, Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Ales Stuchlik
- Department of Neurophysiology of Memory, Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
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Svoboda J, Stankova A, Entlerova M, Stuchlik A. Acute administration of MK-801 in an animal model of psychosis in rats interferes with cognitively demanding forms of behavioral flexibility on a rotating arena. Front Behav Neurosci 2015; 9:75. [PMID: 25883558 PMCID: PMC4381641 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2015.00075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2014] [Accepted: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with schizophrenia often manifest deficits in behavioral flexibility. Non-competitive NMDA receptor antagonists such as MK-801 induce schizophrenia-like symptoms in rodents, including cognitive functions. Despite work exploring flexibility has been done employing behavioral paradigms with simple stimuli, much less is known about what kinds of flexibility are affected in an MK-801 model of schizophrenia-like behavior in the spatial domain. We used a rotating arena-based apparatus (Carousel) requiring rats to avoid an unmarked sector defined in either the reference frame of the rotating arena (arena frame task, AF) or the stationary room (room frame task, RF). We investigated behavioral flexibility in four conditions involving different cognitive loads. Each condition encompassed an initial (five sessions) and a test phase (five sessions) in which some aspects of the task were changed to test flexibility and in which rats were given saline, 0.05 mg/kg or 0.1 mg/kg MK-801 thirty minutes prior to a session. In the first condition, rats acquired avoidance in RF with clockwise rotation of the arena while in the test phase the arena rotated counterclockwise. In the second condition, rats initially acquired avoidance in RF with the sector on the north and then it was reversed to south (spatial reversal). In the third and fourth conditions, rats initially performed an AF (RF, respectively) task, followed by an RF (AF, respectively) task, testing the ability of cognitive set-shifting. We found no effect of MK-801 either on simple motor adjustment after reversal of arena rotation or on spatial reversal within the RF. In contrast, administration of MK-801 at a dose of 0.1 mg/kg interfered with set-shifting in both conditions. Furthermore, we observed MK-801 0.1 mg/kg elevated locomotion in all cases. These data suggest that blockade of NMDA receptors by acute system administration of MK-801 preferentially affects set-shifting in the cognitive domain rather than reversal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Svoboda
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Anna Stankova
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences Prague, Czech Republic ; Laboratory of Neurobehavioral Studies, National Institute of Mental Health Klecany, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Marie Entlerova
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ales Stuchlik
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences Prague, Czech Republic ; Laboratory of Neurobehavioral Studies, National Institute of Mental Health Klecany, Prague, Czech Republic
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Stuchlik A, Sumiyoshi T. Cognitive deficits in schizophrenia and other neuropsychiatric disorders: convergence of preclinical and clinical evidence. Front Behav Neurosci 2014; 8:444. [PMID: 25566009 PMCID: PMC4275052 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2014.00444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2014] [Accepted: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ales Stuchlik
- Institute of Physiology Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic , Prague , Czech Republic
| | - Tomiki Sumiyoshi
- National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, National Center Hospital , Tokyo , Japan
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