1
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Yang SC, Shieh KR. Higher exploratory and vigilant behaviors related to higher central dopaminergic activities of Formosan wood mice (Apodemus semotus) in light-dark exploration tests. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2024; 241:173792. [PMID: 38806117 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2024.173792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Formosan wood mice (Apodemus semotus) are endemic rodents in Taiwan. Recently Formosan wood mice exhibit similar locomotor behaviors in the laboratory environment as in the field environment has shown. Contemporaneously, Formosan wood mice have higher moving distances of and central dopaminergic (DAergic) activities than C57BL/6 mice in behavioral test. This study tried to compare the behavioral responses between male Formosan wood mice and male C57BL/6 mice in the light-dark exploration tests. We also measured the levels of DA and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC), the primary metabolite of DA, to assess the dopaminergic activity of the medial prefrontal cortex, striatum, and nucleus accumbens. Our data show that Formosan wood mice revealed higher exploration and central DAergic activities than did C57BL/6 mice in the light-dark exploration tests, and diazepam (an anxiolytics) treatment reduced the exploratory activity and central dopaminergic activities in Formosan wood mice, but not in C57BL/6 mice. After repeated exposure to light-dark exploration tests, the latency to dark zone was increased, and the duration in light zone as well as the central DAergic activity were decreased in C57BL/6 mice. This study provides comparative findings; Formosan wood mice showed the higher exploratory activities than C57BL/6 mice did, and their central DAergic activities were related to the behavioral responses in these two mice. This could potentially shed light on the reasons behind the prevalence of higher exploration and central dopaminergic activities. Using Formosan wood mice as a model to study human diseases related to hyperactivity adds significant value to the potential research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Chuan Yang
- Holistic Education Center, Tzu Chi University of Science and Technology, Hualien 970, Taiwan; Department of Physiology, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan
| | - Kun-Ruey Shieh
- Department of Physiology, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan; Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan.
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2
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Del Giacco AC, Jones SA, Morales AM, Kliamovich D, Nagel BJ. Adolescent novelty seeking is associated with greater ventral striatal and prefrontal brain response during evaluation of risk and reward. COGNITIVE, AFFECTIVE & BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE 2022; 22:123-133. [PMID: 34342865 PMCID: PMC8792307 DOI: 10.3758/s13415-021-00937-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Adolescence is a period during which reward sensitivity is heightened. Studies suggest that there are individual differences in adolescent reward-seeking behavior, attributable to a variety of factors, including temperament. This study investigated the neurobiological underpinnings of risk and reward evaluation as they relate to self-reported pleasure derived from novel experiences on the revised Early Adolescent Temperament Questionnaire (EATQ-R). Healthy participants (N = 265, ~50% male), aged 12-17 years, underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging during a modified Wheel of Fortune task, where they evaluated choices with varying probability of winning different monetary rewards. Across all participants, there was increased brain response in salience, reward, and cognitive control circuitry when evaluating choices with larger (compared with moderate) difference in risk/reward. Whole brain and a priori region-of-interest regression analyses revealed that individuals reporting higher novelty seeking had greater activation in bilateral ventral striatum, left middle frontal gyrus, and bilateral posterior cingulate cortex when evaluating the choices for largest difference in risk/reward. These novelty seeking associations with brain response were seen in the absence of temperament-related differences in decision-making behavior. Thus, while heightened novelty seeking in adolescents might be associated with greater neural sensitivity to risk/reward, accompanying increased activation in cognitive control regions might regulate reward-driven risk-taking behavior. More research is needed to determine whether individual differences in brain activation associated with novelty seeking are related to decision making in more ecologically valid settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda C Del Giacco
- Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Scott A Jones
- Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Angelica M Morales
- Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Dakota Kliamovich
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road UHN-80R1, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Bonnie J Nagel
- Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road UHN-80R1, Portland, OR, 97239, USA.
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3
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Westbrook A, Ghosh A, van den Bosch R, Määttä JI, Hofmans L, Cools R. Striatal dopamine synthesis capacity reflects smartphone social activity. iScience 2021; 24:102497. [PMID: 34113831 PMCID: PMC8170001 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Striatal dopamine and smartphone behavior have both been linked with behavioral variability. Here, we leverage day-to-day logs of natural, unconstrained smartphone behavior and establish a correlation between a measure of smartphone social activity previously linked with behavioral variability and a measure of striatal dopamine synthesis capacity using [18F]-DOPA PET in (N = 22) healthy adult humans. Specifically, we find that a higher proportion of social app interactions correlates with lower dopamine synthesis capacity in the bilateral putamen. Permutation tests and penalized regressions provide evidence that this link between dopamine synthesis capacity and social versus non-social smartphone interactions is specific. These observations provide a key empirical grounding for current speculations about dopamine's role in digital social behavior. Putamen dopamine synthesis capacity correlates with smartphone social app use. The correlation parallels a prior link between social app use and motor variability. It is selective to social app use, controlling for multiple smartphone use factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Westbrook
- Radboud University Medical Centre, Department of Psychiatry, Nijmegen 6525 GA, The Netherlands.,Radboud University, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen 6525 EN, The Netherlands.,Department of Cognitive, Linguistic & Psychological Sciences, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Arko Ghosh
- Institute of Psychology, Cognitive Psychology Unit, Leiden University, Leiden 2333 AK, The Netherlands
| | - Ruben van den Bosch
- Radboud University Medical Centre, Department of Psychiatry, Nijmegen 6525 GA, The Netherlands.,Radboud University, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen 6525 EN, The Netherlands
| | - Jessica I Määttä
- Radboud University Medical Centre, Department of Psychiatry, Nijmegen 6525 GA, The Netherlands.,Radboud University, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen 6525 EN, The Netherlands
| | - Lieke Hofmans
- Radboud University Medical Centre, Department of Psychiatry, Nijmegen 6525 GA, The Netherlands.,Radboud University, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen 6525 EN, The Netherlands
| | - Roshan Cools
- Radboud University Medical Centre, Department of Psychiatry, Nijmegen 6525 GA, The Netherlands.,Radboud University, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen 6525 EN, The Netherlands
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4
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Shao X, Sun D, Zhang B, Cheng L, Yan C, Zhu G. Association between GPx-1 polymorphisms and personality traits in healthy Chinese-Han subjects. Brain Behav 2020; 10:e01897. [PMID: 33070477 PMCID: PMC7749609 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.1897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Cloninger developed the three-dimensional personality theory and Tridimensional Personality Questionnaire (TPQ), which shows that some dimensions of personality traits are heritable and related to neurotransmitters including dopamine. glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPx1) plays an important role in metabolic dopamine change and closely relates to neurological and psychiatric disorders. The impact of GPx-1 polymorphisms has been rarely explored in the field of personality traits. We decide to explore the relationships between them in healthy Chinese-Han subjects by using the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). METHODS In our study, 493 healthy Chinese-Han participants (male = 234, female = 259) were recruited. 2 ml of EDTA-treated blood from each volunteer was taken; meanwhile, personality traits were assessed by TPQ. We detected the genotypes of selected two polymorphisms through PCR-RFLP after extracting DNA. Finally, the association between different genotypes and TPQ scores was performed using SPSS, p < .05 is seen as significant statistical significance. RESULTS Our data found a correlation between rs1800668 and novelty seeking (NS) subscale NS2 (X2 = 7.392, p = .025). While the results showed the rs1050450 was significantly associated with NS4 (X2 = 6.059, p = .048). Regarding sex stratification, there was a significant difference in the NS2 score (X2 = 8.232, p = .016) among women for rs1800668. No sex effect was observed for either genotype for rs1050450. CONCLUSION GPx-1polymorphism is related to personality traits in healthy Chinese-Han subjects. Our results suggested that GPx-1 may be involved in the biological mechanisms and be a potential gene that influenced personality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Shao
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Dongxue Sun
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Bihui Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Lingfei Cheng
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ci Yan
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Gang Zhu
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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5
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Shao X, Zhu G. Associations Among Monoamine Neurotransmitter Pathways, Personality Traits, and Major Depressive Disorder. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:381. [PMID: 32477180 PMCID: PMC7237722 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a complex psychiatric disease requiring multidisciplinary approaches to identify specific risk factors and establish more efficacious treatment strategies. Although the etiology and pathophysiology of MDD are not clear until these days, it is acknowledged that they are almost certainly multifactorial and comprehensive. Monoamine neurotransmitter system dysfunction and specific personality traits are independent risk factors for depression and suicide. These factors also demonstrate complex interactions that influence MDD pathogenesis and symptom expression. In this review, we assess these relationships with the aim of providing a reference for the development of precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Shao
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Gang Zhu
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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6
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van Holst RJ, Sescousse G, Janssen LK, Janssen M, Berry AS, Jagust WJ, Cools R. Increased Striatal Dopamine Synthesis Capacity in Gambling Addiction. Biol Psychiatry 2018; 83:1036-1043. [PMID: 28728675 PMCID: PMC6698370 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2017.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Revised: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The hypothesis that dopamine plays an important role in the pathophysiology of pathological gambling is pervasive. However, there is little to no direct evidence for a categorical difference between pathological gamblers and healthy control subjects in terms of dopamine transmission in a drug-free state. Here we provide evidence for this hypothesis by comparing dopamine synthesis capacity in the dorsal and ventral parts of the striatum in 13 pathological gamblers and 15 healthy control subjects. METHODS This was achieved using [18F]fluoro-levo-dihydroxyphenylalanine dynamic positron emission tomography scans and striatal regions of interest that were hand-drawn based on visual inspection of individual structural magnetic resonance imaging scans. RESULTS Our results show that dopamine synthesis capacity was increased in pathological gamblers compared with healthy control subjects. Dopamine synthesis was 16% higher in the caudate body, 17% higher in the dorsal putamen, and 17% higher in the ventral striatum in pathological gamblers compared with control subjects. Moreover, dopamine synthesis capacity in the dorsal putamen and caudate head was positively correlated with gambling distortions in pathological gamblers. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these results provide empirical evidence for increased striatal dopamine synthesis in pathological gambling.
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7
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de Beaurepaire R. A Review of the Potential Mechanisms of Action of Baclofen in Alcohol Use Disorder. Front Psychiatry 2018; 9:506. [PMID: 30459646 PMCID: PMC6232933 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Baclofen, a GABA-B receptor agonist, is a promising treatment for alcohol use disorder (AUD). Its mechanism of action in this condition is unknown. GABA-B receptors interact with many biological systems potentially involved in AUD, including transduction pathways and neurotransmitter systems. Preclinical studies have shown that GABA-B receptors are involved in memory storage and retrieval, reward, motivation, mood and anxiety; neuroimaging studies in humans show that baclofen produces region-specific alterations in cerebral activity; GABA-B receptor activation may have neuroprotective effects; baclofen also has anti-inflammatory properties that may be of interest in the context of addiction. However, none of these biological effects fully explain the mechanism of action of baclofen in AUD. Data from clinical studies have provided a certain number of elements which may be useful for the comprehension of its mechanism of action: baclofen typically induces a state of indifference toward alcohol; the effective dose of baclofen in AUD is extremely variable from one patient to another; higher treatment doses correlate with the severity of the addiction; many of the side effects of baclofen resemble those of alcohol, raising the possibility that baclofen acts as a substitution drug; usually, however, there is no tolerance to the effects of baclofen during long-term AUD treatment. In the present article, the biological effects of baclofen are reviewed in the light of its clinical effects in AUD, assuming that, in many instances, clinical effects can be reliable indicators of underlying biological processes. In conclusion, it is proposed that baclofen may suppress the Pavlovian association between cues and rewards through an action in a critical part of the dopaminergic network (the amygdala), thereby normalizing the functional connectivity in the reward network. It is also proposed that this action of baclofen is made possible by the fact that baclofen and alcohol act on similar brain systems in certain regions of the brain.
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8
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A commentary on the associations among ‘food addiction’, binge eating disorder, and obesity: Overlapping conditions with idiosyncratic clinical features. Appetite 2017; 115:3-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2016.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2016] [Revised: 10/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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9
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Schindler AG, Meabon JS, Pagulayan KF, Hendrickson RC, Meeker KD, Cline M, Li G, Sikkema C, Wilkinson CW, Perl DP, Raskind MR, Peskind ER, Clark JJ, Cook DG. Blast-related disinhibition and risk seeking in mice and combat Veterans: Potential role for dysfunctional phasic dopamine release. Neurobiol Dis 2017; 106:23-34. [PMID: 28619545 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2017.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Revised: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) caused by exposure to high explosives has been called the "signature injury" of the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan. There is a wide array of chronic neurological and behavioral symptoms associated with blast-induced mTBI. However, the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. Here we used a battlefield-relevant mouse model of blast-induced mTBI and in vivo fast-scan cyclic voltammetry (FSCV) to investigate whether the mesolimbic dopamine system contributes to the mechanisms underlying blast-induced behavioral dysfunction. In mice, blast exposure increased novelty seeking, a behavior closely associated with disinhibition and risk for subsequent maladaptive behaviors. In keeping with this, we found that veterans with blast-related mTBI reported greater disinhibition and risk taking on the Frontal Systems Behavior Scale (FrSBe). In addition, in mice we report that blast exposure causes potentiation of evoked phasic dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens. Taken together these findings suggest that blast-induced changes in the dopaminergic system may mediate aspects of the complex array of behavioral dysfunctions reported in blast-exposed veterans.
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Affiliation(s)
- A G Schindler
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA; Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA 98108, USA
| | - J S Meabon
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA; Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA 98108, USA
| | - K F Pagulayan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA; Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA 98108, USA
| | - R C Hendrickson
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA; Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA 98108, USA
| | - K D Meeker
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA 98108, USA
| | - M Cline
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA 98108, USA
| | - G Li
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA; Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA 98108, USA; Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA 98108, USA
| | - C Sikkema
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA 98108, USA
| | - C W Wilkinson
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA; Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA 98108, USA; Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA 98108, USA
| | - D P Perl
- Department of Pathology, Center for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - M R Raskind
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA; Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA 98108, USA
| | - E R Peskind
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA; Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA 98108, USA
| | - J J Clark
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - D G Cook
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA 98108, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
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Jaworska N, Cox SM, Casey KF, Boileau I, Cherkasova M, Larcher K, Dagher A, Benkelfat C, Leyton M. Is there a relation between novelty seeking, striatal dopamine release and frontal cortical thickness? PLoS One 2017; 12:e0174219. [PMID: 28346539 PMCID: PMC5367687 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0174219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Novelty-seeking (NS) and impulsive personality traits have been proposed to reflect an interplay between fronto-cortical and limbic systems, including the limbic striatum (LS). Although neuroimaging studies have provided some evidence for this, most are comprised of small samples and many report surprisingly large effects given the challenges of trying to relate a snapshot of brain function or structure to an entity as complex as personality. The current work tested a priori hypotheses about associations between striatal dopamine (DA) release, cortical thickness (CT), and NS in a large sample of healthy adults. METHODS Fifty-two healthy adults (45M/7F; age: 23.8±4.93) underwent two positron emission tomography scans with [11C]raclopride (specific for striatal DA D2/3 receptors) with or without amphetamine (0.3 mg/kg, p.o.). Structural magnetic resonance image scans were acquired, as were Tridimensional Personality Questionnaire data. Amphetamine-induced changes in [11C]raclopride binding potential values (ΔBPND) were examined in the limbic, sensorimotor (SMS) and associative (AST) striatum. CT measures, adjusted for whole brain volume, were extracted from the dorsolateral sensorimotor and ventromedial/limbic cortices. RESULTS BPND values were lower in the amphetamine vs. no-drug sessions, with the largest effect in the LS. When comparing low vs. high LS ΔBPND groups (median split), higher NS2 (impulsiveness) scores were found in the high ΔBPND group. Partial correlations (age and gender as covariates) yielded a negative relation between ASTS ΔBPND and sensorimotor CT; trends for inverse associations existed between ΔBPND values in other striatal regions and frontal CT. In other words, the greater the amphetamine-induced striatal DA response, the thinner the frontal cortex. CONCLUSIONS These data expand upon previously reported associations between striatal DA release in the LS and both NS related impulsiveness and CT in the largest sample reported to date. The findings add to the plausibility of these associations while suggesting that the effects are likely weaker than has been previously proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Jaworska
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Institue of Mental Health Research, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sylvia M. Cox
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Kevin F. Casey
- Le Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Isabelle Boileau
- Centre for Addiction & Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mariya Cherkasova
- University of British Columbia, Division of Neurology, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Kevin Larcher
- Montreal Neurological Institute (MNI), McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Alain Dagher
- Montreal Neurological Institute (MNI), McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Chawki Benkelfat
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Marco Leyton
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Caravaggio F, Fervaha G, Chung JK, Gerretsen P, Nakajima S, Plitman E, Iwata Y, Wilson A, Graff-Guerrero A. Exploring personality traits related to dopamine D2/3 receptor availability in striatal subregions of humans. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2016; 26:644-52. [PMID: 26944295 PMCID: PMC4805526 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2016.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Revised: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
While several studies have examined how particular personality traits are related to dopamine D2/3 receptor (D2/3R) availability in the striatum of humans, few studies have reported how multiple traits measured in the same persons are differentially related to D2/3R availability in different striatal sub-regions. We examined how personality traits measured with the Karolinska Scales of Personality are related to striatal D2/3R availability measured with [(11)C]-raclopride in 30 healthy humans. Based on previous the literature, five personality traits were hypothesized to be most likely related to D2/3R availability: impulsiveness, monotony avoidance, detachment, social desirability, and socialization. We found self-reported impulsiveness was negatively correlated with D2/3R availability in the ventral striatum and globus pallidus. After controlling for age and gender, monotony avoidance was also negatively correlated with D2/3R availability in the ventral striatum and globus pallidus. Socialization was positively correlated with D2/3R availability in the ventral striatum and putamen. After controlling for age and gender, the relationship between socialization and D2/3R availability in these regions survived correction for multiple comparisons (p-threshold=.003). Thus, within the same persons, different personality traits are differentially related to in vivo D2/3R availability in different striatal sub-regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Caravaggio
- Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5T 1R8; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, 2374 Medical Sciences Building, 1 King׳s College Circle, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A8
| | - Gagan Fervaha
- Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5T 1R8; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, 2374 Medical Sciences Building, 1 King׳s College Circle, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A8
| | - Jun Ku Chung
- Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5T 1R8; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, 2374 Medical Sciences Building, 1 King׳s College Circle, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A8
| | - Philip Gerretsen
- Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5T 1R8; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, 2374 Medical Sciences Building, 1 King׳s College Circle, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A8; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, 250 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5T 1R8
| | - Shinichiro Nakajima
- Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5T 1R8; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, 250 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5T 1R8
| | - Eric Plitman
- Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5T 1R8; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, 2374 Medical Sciences Building, 1 King׳s College Circle, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A8
| | - Yusuke Iwata
- Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5T 1R8; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, 2374 Medical Sciences Building, 1 King׳s College Circle, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A8
| | - Alan Wilson
- Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5T 1R8; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, 2374 Medical Sciences Building, 1 King׳s College Circle, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A8; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, 250 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5T 1R8
| | - Ariel Graff-Guerrero
- Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5T 1R8; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, 2374 Medical Sciences Building, 1 King׳s College Circle, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A8; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, 250 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5T 1R8.
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Lemieux A, al'Absi M. Stress psychobiology in the context of addiction medicine: from drugs of abuse to behavioral addictions. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2015; 223:43-62. [PMID: 26806770 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2015.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
In this chapter, we briefly review the basic biology of psychological stress and the stress response. We propose that psychological stress and the neurobiology of the stress response play in substance use initiation, maintenance, and relapse. The proposed mechanisms for this include, on the one hand, the complex interactions between biological mediators of the stress response and the dopaminergic reward system and, on the other hand, mediators of the stress response and other systems crucial in moderating key addiction-related behaviors such as endogenous opioids, the sympathetic-adrenal-medullary system, and endocannabinoids. Exciting new avenues of study including genomics, sex as a moderator of the stress response, and behavioral addictions (gambling, hypersexuality, dysfunctional internet use, and food as an addictive substance) are also briefly presented within the context of stress as a moderator of the addictive process.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mustafa al'Absi
- University of Minnesota School of Medicine, Duluth, MN, USA.
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Yildirim BO, Derksen JJL. Mesocorticolimbic dopamine functioning in primary psychopathy: A source of within-group heterogeneity. Psychiatry Res 2015; 229:633-77. [PMID: 26277034 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2015.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Revised: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 07/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Despite similar emotional deficiencies, primary psychopathic individuals can be situated on a continuum that spans from controlled to disinhibited. The constructs on which primary psychopaths are found to diverge, such as self-control, cognitive flexibility, and executive functioning, are crucially regulated by dopamine (DA). As such, the goal of this review is to examine which specific alterations in the meso-cortico-limbic DA system and corresponding genes (e.g., TH, DAT, COMT, DRD2, DRD4) might bias development towards a more controlled or disinhibited expression of primary psychopathy. Based on empirical data, it is argued that primary psychopathy is generally related to a higher tonic and population activity of striatal DA neurons and lower levels of D2-type DA receptors in meso-cortico-limbic projections, which may boost motivational drive towards incentive-laden goals, dampen punishment sensitivity, and increase future reward-expectancy. However, increasingly higher levels of DA activity in the striatum (moderate versus pathological elevations), lower levels of DA functionality in the prefrontal cortex, and higher D1-to-D2-type receptor ratios in meso-cortico-limbic projections may lead to increasingly disinhibited and impetuous phenotypes of primary psychopathy. Finally, in order to provide a more coherent view on etiological mechanisms, we discuss interactions between DA and serotonin that are relevant for primary psychopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bariş O Yildirim
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Radboud University Nijmegen, De Kluyskamp 1002, 6545 JD Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Jan J L Derksen
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Room: A.07.04B, Radboud University Nijmegen, Montessorilaan 3, 6525 HR Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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14
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Lower Monoamine Oxidase-A Total Distribution Volume in Impulsive and Violent Male Offenders with Antisocial Personality Disorder and High Psychopathic Traits: An [(11)C] Harmine Positron Emission Tomography Study. Neuropsychopharmacology 2015; 40:2596-603. [PMID: 26081301 PMCID: PMC4569949 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2015.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Revised: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) often presents with highly impulsive, violent behavior, and pathological changes in the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) and ventral striatum (VS) are implicated. Several compelling reasons support a relationship between low monoamine oxidase-A (MAO-A), an enzyme that regulates neurotransmitters, and ASPD. These include MAO-A knockout models in rodents evidencing impulsive aggression and positron emission tomography (PET) studies of healthy subjects reporting associations between low brain MAO-A levels and greater impulsivity or aggression. However, a fundamental gap in the literature is that it is unknown whether brain MAO-A levels are low in more severe, clinical disorders of impulsivity, such as ASPD. To address this issue, we applied [(11)C] harmine PET to measure MAO-A total distribution volume (MAO-A VT), an index of MAO-A density, in 18 male ASPD participants and 18 age- and sex-matched controls. OFC and VS MAO-A VT were lower in ASPD compared with controls (multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA): F2,33=6.8, P=0.003; OFC and VS MAO-A VT each lower by 19%). Similar effects were observed in other brain regions: prefrontal cortex, anterior cingulate cortex, dorsal putamen, thalamus, hippocampus, and midbrain (MANOVA: F7,28=2.7, P=0.029). In ASPD, VS MAO-A VT was consistently negatively correlated with self-report and behavioral measures of impulsivity (r=-0.50 to -0.52, all P-values<0.05). This study is the first to demonstrate lower brain MAO-A levels in ASPD. Our results support an important extension of preclinical models of impulsive aggression into a human disorder marked by pathological aggression and impulsivity.
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15
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Foell J, Brislin SJ, Strickland CM, Seo D, Sabatinelli D, Patrick CJ. Externalizing proneness and brain response during pre-cuing and viewing of emotional pictures. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2015; 11:1102-10. [PMID: 26113614 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsv080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 06/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Externalizing proneness, or trait disinhibition, is a concept relevant to multiple high-impact disorders involving impulsive-aggressive behavior. Its mechanisms remain disputed: major models posit hyperresponsive reward circuitry or heightened threat-system reactivity as sources of disinhibitory tendencies. This study evaluated alternative possibilities by examining relations between trait disinhibition and brain reactivity during preparation for and processing of visual affective stimuli. Forty females participated in a functional neuroimaging procedure with stimuli presented in blocks containing either pleasurable or aversive pictures interspersed with neutral, with each picture preceded by a preparation signal. Preparing to view elicited activation in regions including nucleus accumbens, whereas visual regions and bilateral amygdala were activated during viewing of emotional pictures. High disinhibition predicted reduced nucleus accumbens activation during preparation within pleasant/neutral picture blocks, along with enhanced amygdala reactivity during viewing of pleasant and aversive pictures. Follow-up analyses revealed that the augmented amygdala response was related to reduced preparatory activation. Findings indicate that participants high in disinhibition are less able to process implicit cues and mentally prepare for upcoming stimuli, leading to limbic hyperreactivity during processing of actual stimuli. This outcome is helpful for integrating findings from studies suggesting reward-system hyperreactivity and others suggesting threat-system hyperreactivity as mechanisms for externalizing proneness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Foell
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Sarah J Brislin
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Casey M Strickland
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Dongju Seo
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Dean Sabatinelli
- Department of Psychology, and Bioimaging Research Center, Biomedical and Health Sciences Institute, University of Georgia, GA, USA
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Single versus multiple impulse control disorders in Parkinson’s disease: an 11C-raclopride positron emission tomography study of reward cue-evoked striatal dopamine release. J Neurol 2015; 262:1504-14. [DOI: 10.1007/s00415-015-7722-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2015] [Revised: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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17
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Bjork JM, Pardini DA. Who are those "risk-taking adolescents"? Individual differences in developmental neuroimaging research. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2014; 11:56-64. [PMID: 25176616 PMCID: PMC4324055 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2014.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2014] [Revised: 07/29/2014] [Accepted: 07/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Rates of development differ across brain regions linked to reward and inhibition. Adolescent risk-taking has been attributed in part to normative neurodevelopment. Significant risky behavior in mid-adolescence is not characteristic of typical youth. Youth with behavior disorders show increased behavioral and brain responses to reward. Maturational theories of adolescent risk-taking can consider individual differences.
Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has illuminated the development of human brain function. Some of this work in typically-developing youth has ostensibly captured neural underpinnings of adolescent behavior which is characterized by risk-seeking propensity, according to psychometric questionnaires and a wealth of anecdote. Notably, cross-sectional comparisons have revealed age-dependent differences between adolescents and other age groups in regional brain responsiveness to prospective or experienced rewards (usually greater in adolescents) or penalties (usually diminished in adolescents). These differences have been interpreted as reflecting an imbalance between motivational drive and behavioral control mechanisms, especially in mid-adolescence, thus promoting greater risk-taking. While intriguing, we caution here that researchers should be more circumspect in attributing clinically significant adolescent risky behavior to age-group differences in task-elicited fMRI responses from neurotypical subjects. This is because actual mortality and morbidity from behavioral causes (e.g. substance abuse, violence) by mid-adolescence is heavily concentrated in individuals who are not neurotypical, who rather have shown a lifelong history of behavioral disinhibition that frequently meets criteria for a disruptive behavior disorder, such as conduct disorder, oppositional-defiant disorder, or attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. These young people are at extreme risk of poor psychosocial outcomes, and should be a focus of future neurodevelopmental research.
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Affiliation(s)
- James M Bjork
- Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, 203 East Cary Street, Suite 202, Richmond, VA 23219, USA.
| | - Dustin A Pardini
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, USA
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Singer BF, Anselme P, Robinson MJF, Vezina P. Neuronal and psychological underpinnings of pathological gambling. Front Behav Neurosci 2014; 8:230. [PMID: 25071487 PMCID: PMC4076739 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2014.00230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2014] [Accepted: 06/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Bryan F Singer
- Department of Psychology, The University of Michigan Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Patrick Anselme
- Department of Psychology, The University of Liège Liège, Belgium
| | | | - Paul Vezina
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, The University of Chicago Chicago, IL, USA
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