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Witt K, Levin J, van Eimeren T, Hasan A, Ebersbach G. Diagnostics and treatment of impulse control disorders, psychosis and delirium: systemic review-based recommendations - guideline "Parkinson's disease" of the German Society of Neurology. J Neurol 2024:10.1007/s00415-024-12576-x. [PMID: 39046524 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-024-12576-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2024] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Impulse control disorders (ICD), psychosis and delirium are part of the spectrum of behavioural changes associated with Parkinson's disease (PD). The diagnostic and therapeutic management of these rather complex neuropsychiatric conditions has been updated in the clinical guideline by the German Society of Neurology (DGN). METHODS Recommendations are based on a systematic literature reviews, other relevant guidelines and expert opinion. RESULTS Patients receiving dopamine agonists (DA) therapy should be informed about the symptoms and risks of an ICD and should be routinely screened for ICD symptoms. In the presence of an ICD, DA should be reduced or discontinued and psychotherapeutic treatment may be considered. Non-oral therapies (levodopa/carbidopa intestinal gel infusion or deep brain stimulation) may also be an option for appropriate candidates. Psychosis in PD often has a gradual onset. Cognitive and affective disorders, psychiatric and medical comorbidities as well as polypharmacy are risk factors for a psychosis. Non-pharmacological treatments should be implemented as soon as possible and anti-parkinsonian medications should be adjusted/reduced if feasible. For psychosis associated with PD, quetiapine or clozapine should be used on an as-needed basis and for as short a time as is necessary, with safety monitoring. Delirium in PD may be underdiagnosed due to an overlap with chronic neuropsychiatric features of PD. Although transient by definition, delirium in PD can lead to permanent cognitive decline, motor impairment and increased mortality. Management of delirium includes pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions. CONCLUSION The updated guideline encompasses the evidence-based diagnostic, non-pharmacological and pharmacological management of ICD, psychosis and delirium in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karsten Witt
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Marienstrasse 15, 26121, Oldenburg, Germany.
- University Clinic of Neurology, Evangelical Hospital, Oldenburg, Germany.
- Center of Neurosensory Sciences, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany.
| | - Johannes Levin
- Department of Neurology, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Site Munich, Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | | | - Alkomiet Hasan
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
- DZPG (German Center for Mental Health), Partner Site München/Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
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Visocky V, Turner CJ, Lowrie MH, Alibro A, Messanvi F, Chudasama Y. Noradrenergic modulation of stress induced catecholamine release: Opposing influence of FG7142 and yohimbine. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.09.593389. [PMID: 38766011 PMCID: PMC11100835 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.09.593389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Background Life stress modulates decision making, particularly in the face of risk, in some cases prompting vulnerable populations to make suboptimal, life-altering choices. In the brain, stress is known to alter the extracellular release of catecholamines in structures such as basolateral amygdala (BLA) and nucleus accumbens (NAc), but the relationship between catecholamines and decision-making behavior under stress has not been systemically explored. Methods We developed an operant touchscreen decision-making task for rats comprising elements of loss aversion and risk seeking behavior. Rats were first injected systemically with an adrenergicα 2 A -receptor agonist (guanfacine) and antagonist (yohimbine), as well as a partial inverse GABAA agonist, FG 7142, known to induce anxiety and stress related physiological responses in a variety of species, including humans. We then used fiber photometry to monitor NE in the basolateral amygdala (BLA), and DA activity in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) while animals engaged in decision-making and following systemic injections of FG 7142 and yohimbine. Results Neither yohimbine nor guanfacine had any impact on decision making strategy but altered motivational state with yohimbine making the animal almost insensitive to the reward outcome. The pharmacological induction of stress with FG 7142 biased the rats' decisions towards safety, but this bias shifted toward risk when co-treated with yohimbine. In the BLA and NAc, the FG 7142 altered catecholamine release, with systemic yohimbine producing opposing effects on NE and DA release. Conclusions Stress induced changes in catecholamine release in the BLA and NAc can directly influence loss sensitivity, decisions and motivation, which can be modulated by theα 2 A adrenoreceptor antagonist, yohimbine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Visocky
- Section on Behavioral Neuroscience, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Carleigh J Turner
- Section on Behavioral Neuroscience, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Matthew H Lowrie
- Section on Behavioral Neuroscience, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Anthony Alibro
- Section on Behavioral Neuroscience, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Fany Messanvi
- Section on Behavioral Neuroscience, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Yogita Chudasama
- Section on Behavioral Neuroscience, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Bonassi G, Lagravinese G, Bove M, Bisio A, Botta A, Putzolu M, Cosentino C, Mezzarobba S, Pelosin E, Avanzino L. How Music Moves Us: Music-induced Emotion Influences Motor Learning. Neuroscience 2023; 526:246-255. [PMID: 37437801 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2023.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Music is an important tool for the induction and regulation of emotion. Although learning a sequential motor behaviour is essential to normal motor function, to our knowledge, the role of music-induced emotion on motor learning has not been explored. Our experiment aimed to determine whether listening to different emotional music could influence motor sequence learning. We focused on two sub-components of motor sequence learning: the acquisition of the order of the elements in the sequence (the "what"), and the ability to carry out the sequence, combining the elements in a single, skilled action (the "how"). Twenty subjects performed a motor sequence-learning task with a digitizing tablet in three different experimental sessions. In each session they executed the task while listening to three different musical pieces, eliciting fearful, pleasant, and neutral mood. Eight targets were presented in a pre-set order and subjects were asked to learn the sequence while moving. Music-induced pleasure had an impact on movement kinematics with onset time and peak velocity decreasing and movement time increasing more with respect to neutral music session. Declarative learning, verbal recall of the sequence order, was improved under emotional manipulation, but only for fear-condition. Results suggest that music-induced emotion can influence both sub-components of motor learning in a different way. Music-induced pleasure may have improved motor components of sequence learning by means of increased striatal dopamine availability whereas music-induced fear may facilitate the recruitment of attentional circuits, thus acting on declarative knowledge of the sequence order.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaia Bonassi
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Giovanna Lagravinese
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Marco Bove
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Human Physiology, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV 3, Genoa, 16132, Italy
| | - Ambra Bisio
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Human Physiology, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV 3, Genoa, 16132, Italy
| | | | | | - Carola Cosentino
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Susanna Mezzarobba
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Elisa Pelosin
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; IRCCS, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy.
| | - Laura Avanzino
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Human Physiology, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV 3, Genoa, 16132, Italy; IRCCS, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
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Liebenow B, Jones R, DiMarco E, Trattner JD, Humphries J, Sands LP, Spry KP, Johnson CK, Farkas EB, Jiang A, Kishida KT. Computational reinforcement learning, reward (and punishment), and dopamine in psychiatric disorders. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:886297. [PMID: 36339844 PMCID: PMC9630918 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.886297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In the DSM-5, psychiatric diagnoses are made based on self-reported symptoms and clinician-identified signs. Though helpful in choosing potential interventions based on the available regimens, this conceptualization of psychiatric diseases can limit basic science investigation into their underlying causes. The reward prediction error (RPE) hypothesis of dopamine neuron function posits that phasic dopamine signals encode the difference between the rewards a person expects and experiences. The computational framework from which this hypothesis was derived, temporal difference reinforcement learning (TDRL), is largely focused on reward processing rather than punishment learning. Many psychiatric disorders are characterized by aberrant behaviors, expectations, reward processing, and hypothesized dopaminergic signaling, but also characterized by suffering and the inability to change one's behavior despite negative consequences. In this review, we provide an overview of the RPE theory of phasic dopamine neuron activity and review the gains that have been made through the use of computational reinforcement learning theory as a framework for understanding changes in reward processing. The relative dearth of explicit accounts of punishment learning in computational reinforcement learning theory and its application in neuroscience is highlighted as a significant gap in current computational psychiatric research. Four disorders comprise the main focus of this review: two disorders of traditionally hypothesized hyperdopaminergic function, addiction and schizophrenia, followed by two disorders of traditionally hypothesized hypodopaminergic function, depression and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Insights gained from a reward processing based reinforcement learning framework about underlying dopaminergic mechanisms and the role of punishment learning (when available) are explored in each disorder. Concluding remarks focus on the future directions required to characterize neuropsychiatric disorders with a hypothesized cause of underlying dopaminergic transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany Liebenow
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Rachel Jones
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Emily DiMarco
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Jonathan D. Trattner
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Joseph Humphries
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - L. Paul Sands
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Kasey P. Spry
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Christina K. Johnson
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Evelyn B. Farkas
- Georgia State University Undergraduate Neuroscience Institute, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Angela Jiang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Kenneth T. Kishida
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
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Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex plays causal role in probability weighting during risky choice. Sci Rep 2022; 12:16115. [PMID: 36167703 PMCID: PMC9515118 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-18529-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we provide causal evidence that the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) supports the computation of subjective value in choices under risk via its involvement in probability weighting. Following offline continuous theta-burst transcranial magnetic stimulation (cTBS) of the DLPFC subjects (N = 30, mean age 23.6, 56% females) completed a computerized task consisting of 96 binary lottery choice questions presented in random order. Using the hierarchical Bayesian modeling approach, we then estimated the structural parameters of risk preferences (the degree of risk aversion and the curvature of the probability weighting function) and analyzed the obtained posterior distributions to determine the effect of stimulation on model parameters. On a behavioral level, temporary downregulation of the left DLPFC excitability through cTBS decreased the likelihood of choosing an option with higher expected reward while the probability of choosing a riskier lottery did not significantly change. Modeling the stimulation effects on risk preference parameters showed anecdotal evidence as assessed by Bayes factors that probability weighting parameter increased after the left DLPFC TMS compared to sham.
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Mikhael JG, Gershman SJ. Impulsivity and risk-seeking as Bayesian inference under dopaminergic control. Neuropsychopharmacology 2022; 47:465-476. [PMID: 34376813 PMCID: PMC8674258 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-021-01125-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Bayesian models successfully account for several of dopamine (DA)'s effects on contextual calibration in interval timing and reward estimation. In these models, tonic levels of DA control the precision of stimulus encoding, which is weighed against contextual information when making decisions. When DA levels are high, the animal relies more heavily on the (highly precise) stimulus encoding, whereas when DA levels are low, the context affects decisions more strongly. Here, we extend this idea to intertemporal choice and probability discounting tasks. In intertemporal choice tasks, agents must choose between a small reward delivered soon and a large reward delivered later, whereas in probability discounting tasks, agents must choose between a small reward that is always delivered and a large reward that may be omitted with some probability. Beginning with the principle that animals will seek to maximize their reward rates, we show that the Bayesian model predicts a number of curious empirical findings in both tasks. First, the model predicts that higher DA levels should normally promote selection of the larger/later option, which is often taken to imply that DA decreases 'impulsivity,' and promote selection of the large/risky option, often taken to imply that DA increases 'risk-seeking.' However, if the temporal precision is sufficiently decreased, higher DA levels should have the opposite effect-promoting selection of the smaller/sooner option (higher impulsivity) and the small/safe option (lower risk-seeking). Second, high enough levels of DA can result in preference reversals. Third, selectively decreasing the temporal precision, without manipulating DA, should promote selection of the larger/later and large/risky options. Fourth, when a different post-reward delay is associated with each option, animals will not learn the option-delay contingencies, but this learning can be salvaged when the post-reward delays are made more salient. Finally, the Bayesian model predicts correlations among behavioral phenotypes: Animals that are better timers will also appear less impulsive.
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Affiliation(s)
- John G. Mikhael
- grid.38142.3c000000041936754XProgram in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA ,grid.38142.3c000000041936754XMD-PhD Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Samuel J. Gershman
- grid.38142.3c000000041936754XDepartment of Psychology and Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA USA ,grid.116068.80000 0001 2341 2786Center for Brains, Minds and Machines, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA USA
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Liu L, Artigas SO, Ulrich A, Tardu J, Mohr PNC, Wilms B, Koletzko B, Schmid SM, Park SQ. Eating to dare - Nutrition impacts human risky decision and related brain function. Neuroimage 2021; 233:117951. [PMID: 33722669 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.117951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Macronutrient composition modulates plasma amino acids that are precursors of neurotransmitters and can impact brain function and decisions. Neurotransmitter serotonin has been shown to regulate not only food intake, but also economic decisions. We investigated whether an acute nutrition-manipulation inducing plasma tryptophan fluctuation affects brain function, thereby affecting risky decisions. Breakfasts differing in carbohydrate/protein ratios were offered to test changes in risky decision-making while metabolic and neural dynamics were tracked. We identified that a high-carbohydrate/protein breakfast increased plasma tryptophan/LNAA (large neutral amino acids) ratio which mapped to individual risk propensity changes. The nutrition-manipulation and tryptophan/LNAA fluctuation effects on risk propensity changes were further modulated by individual differences in body fat mass. Using fMRI, we further identified activation in the parietal lobule during risk-processing, of which activities 1) were sensitive to the tryptophan/LNAA fluctuation, 2) were modulated by individual's body fat mass, and 3) predicted the risk propensity changes in decision-making. Our results provide evidence for a personalized nutrition-driven modulation on human risky decision and its metabolic and neural mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Liu
- Department of Decision Neuroscience & Nutrition, German Institute of Human Nutrition (DIfE), Nuthetal, Germany; Department of Psychology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany.
| | | | - Anja Ulrich
- Institute for Endocrinology & Diabetes, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Jeremy Tardu
- Institute for Endocrinology & Diabetes, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Peter N C Mohr
- School of Business and Economics, Freie Universität Berlin, Germany; WZB Berlin Social Science Center, Berlin, Germany; Center for Cognitive Neuroscience Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Britta Wilms
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany; Institute for Endocrinology & Diabetes, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Berthold Koletzko
- Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, University of Munich Medical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Sebastian M Schmid
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany; Institute for Endocrinology & Diabetes, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Soyoung Q Park
- Department of Decision Neuroscience & Nutrition, German Institute of Human Nutrition (DIfE), Nuthetal, Germany; Department of Psychology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany; Neuroscience Research Center, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Neuroscience Research Center, Berlin, Germany.
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8
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Zhang JF, Wang XX, Feng Y, Fekete R, Jankovic J, Wu YC. Impulse Control Disorders in Parkinson's Disease: Epidemiology, Pathogenesis and Therapeutic Strategies. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:635494. [PMID: 33633615 PMCID: PMC7900512 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.635494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Impulse control disorders (ICDs) in Parkinson's disease (PD) are aberrant behavior such as pathological gambling, hypersexuality, binge eating, and compulsive buying, which typically occur as a result of dopaminergic therapy. Numerous studies have focused on the broad spectrum of ICDs-related behaviors and their tremendous impact on patients and their family members. Recent advances have improved our understanding of ICDs. In this review, we discuss the epidemiology, pathogenesis and treatment of ICDs in the setting of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Fang Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xi-Xi Wang
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai General Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ya Feng
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Robert Fekete
- Department of Neurology, New York Medical College, New York, NY, United States
| | - Joseph Jankovic
- Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Yun-Cheng Wu
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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King A, Wong-Padoongpatt G, Barrita A, Phung DT, Tong T. Risk Factors of Problem Gaming and Gambling in US Emerging Adult Non-Students: The Role of Loot Boxes, Microtransactions, and Risk-Taking. Issues Ment Health Nurs 2020; 41:1063-1075. [PMID: 32822251 DOI: 10.1080/01612840.2020.1803461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Video gaming and gambling have increasingly converged with one another (e.g., social casino games). For emerging adults (18-25 years old), who are already at an elevated risk for addictive disorders, this overlap in these activities may increase the likelihood of problematic involvement. At the moment, Internet gaming disorder (IGD) is being considered as a future medical diagnosis by the American Psychiatric Association. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the potential comorbidity between IGD and gambling disorder (GD) in emerging adults, as well as explore if problematic engagement in gaming and gambling may be explained by recent trends in video game microtransactions (e.g., loot boxes) and risk-taking behaviors. An online survey was completed by 300 emerging adult non-students (Mage = 22.79, 49% male) from across the United States. The results revealed that compared to non-gamers, problematic gamers were 6.45 times more likely to problem gamble and compared to non-gamblers, problem gamblers were 5.62 times more likely to problem game. Microtransactions were the major mechanism for the relationship between IGD and GD. Participants with higher severity levels of either disorder demonstrated a greater likelihood of purchasing microtransactions, in addition to displaying significantly less aversion towards several domains of risk-taking. These findings suggest that emerging adults with probable IGD or GD may share common risk factors and patterns of behavior that transdiagnostic treatment approaches may better serve than syndrome-specific models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony King
- Department of Psychology, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA
| | | | - Aldo Barrita
- Department of Psychology, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA
| | - Danny Tran Phung
- Department of Psychology, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA
| | - Ting Tong
- Department of Psychology, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA
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The role of dopamine pharmacotherapy and addiction-like behaviors in Parkinson's disease. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2020; 102:109942. [PMID: 32272129 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2020.109942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Revised: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Addictions involve a spectrum of behaviors that encompass features of impulsivity and compulsivity, herein referred to as impulsive-compulsive spectrum disorders (ICSDs). The etiology of ICSDs likely involves a complex interplay among neurobiological, psychological and social risk factors. Neurobiological risk factors include the status of the neuroanatomical circuits that govern ICSDs. These circuits can be altered by disease, as well as exogenous influences such as centrally-acting pharmacologics. The 'poster child' for this scenario is Parkinson's disease (PD) medically managed by pharmacological treatments. PD is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that involves a gradual loss of dopaminergic neurons largely within nigrostriatal projections. Replacement therapy includes dopamine receptor agonists that directly activate postsynaptic dopamine receptors (bypassing the requirement for functioning presynaptic terminals). Some clinically useful dopamine agonists, e.g., pramipexole and ropinirole, exhibit high affinity for the D2/D3 receptor subtypes. These agonists provide excellent relief from PD motor symptoms, but some patients exhibit debilitating ICSD. Teasing out the neuropsychiatric contribution of PD-associated pathology from the drugs used to treat PD motor symptoms is challenging. In this review, we posit that modern clinical and preclinical research converge on the conclusion that dopamine replacement therapy can mediate addictions in PD and other neurological disorders. We provide five categories of evidences that align with this position: (i) ICSD prevalence is greater with D2/D3 receptor agonist therapy vs PD alone. (ii) Capacity of dopamine replacement therapy to produce addiction-like behaviors is independent of disease for which the therapy is being provided. (iii) ICSD-like behaviors are recapitulated in laboratory rats with and without PD-like pathology. (iv) Behavioral pathology co-varies with drug exposure. (v) ICSD Features of ICSDs are consistent with agonist pharmacology and neuroanatomical substrates of addictions. Considering the underpinnings of ICSDs in PD should not only help therapeutic decision-making in neurological disorders, but also apprise ICSDs in general.
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McIlvain G, Clements RG, Magoon EM, Spielberg JM, Telzer EH, Johnson CL. Viscoelasticity of reward and control systems in adolescent risk taking. Neuroimage 2020; 215:116850. [PMID: 32298793 PMCID: PMC7292790 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.116850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Heightened risk-taking tendencies during adolescence have been hypothesized to be attributable to physiological differences of maturation in key brain regions. The socioemotional system (e.g., nucleus accumbens), which is instrumental in reward response, shows a relatively earlier development trajectory than the cognitive control system (e.g., medial prefrontal cortex), which regulates impulse response. This developmental imbalance between heightened reward seeking and immature cognitive control potentially makes adolescents more susceptible to engaging in risky activities. Here, we assess brain structure in the socioemotional and cognitive control systems through viscoelastic stiffness measured with magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) and volumetry, as well as risk-taking tendencies measured using two experimental tasks in 40 adolescents (mean age = 13.4 years old). MRE measures of regional brain stiffness reflect brain health and development via myelin content and glial matrix makeup, and have been shown to be highly sensitive to cognitive processes as compared to measures of regional brain volume and diffusion weighted imaging metrics. We find here that the viscoelastic and volumetric differences between the nucleus accumbens and the prefrontal cortex are correlated with increased risk-taking behavior in adolescents. These differences in development between the two brain systems can be used as an indicator of those adolescents who are more prone to real world risky activities and a useful measure for characterizing response to intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace McIlvain
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Rebecca G Clements
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Emily M Magoon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Jeffrey M Spielberg
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Eva H Telzer
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Curtis L Johnson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA; Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA.
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12
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Dopaminergic D 1 Receptor Stimulation Affects Effort and Risk Preferences. Biol Psychiatry 2020; 87:678-685. [PMID: 31668477 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2019.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Activation of D1 receptors has been related to successful goal-directed behavior, but it remains unclear whether D1 receptor activation causally tips the balance of weighing costs and benefits in humans. Here, we tested the impact of pharmacologically stimulated D1 receptors on sensitivity to risk, delay, and effort costs in economic choice and investigated whether D1 receptor stimulation would bias preferences toward options with increased costs in a cost-specific manner. METHODS In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group phase 1 study, 120 healthy young volunteers received either placebo or 1 of 3 doses (6 mg, 15 mg, or 30 mg) of a novel, selective D1 agonist (PF-06412562). After drug administration, participants performed decision tasks measuring their preferences for risky, delayed, and effortful outcomes. RESULTS Higher doses of the D1 agonist increased the willingness to exert physical effort for reward as well as reduced the preference for risky outcomes. We observed no effects on preferences for delayed rewards. CONCLUSIONS The current results provide evidence that D1 receptor stimulation causally affects core aspects of cost-benefit decision making in humans.
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13
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Dopamine-Dependent Loss Aversion during Effort-Based Decision-Making. J Neurosci 2019; 40:661-670. [PMID: 31727795 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1760-19.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
From psychology to economics, there has been substantial interest in how costs (e.g., delay, risk) are represented asymmetrically during decision-making when attempting to gain reward or avoid punishment. For example, in decision-making under risk, individuals show a tendency to prefer to avoid punishment rather than to acquire the equivalent reward (loss aversion). Although the cost of physical effort has recently received significant attention, it remains unclear whether loss aversion exists during effort-based decision-making. On the one hand, loss aversion may be hardwired due to asymmetric evolutionary pressure on losses and gains and therefore exists across decision-making contexts. On the other hand, distinct brain regions are involved with different decision costs, making it questionable whether similar asymmetries exist. Here, we demonstrate that young healthy human participants (females, 16; males, 6) exhibit loss aversion during effort-based decision-making by exerting more physical effort to avoid punishment than to gain a same-size reward. Next, we show that medicated Parkinson's disease (PD) patients (females, 9; males, 9) show a reduction in loss aversion compared with age-matched control subjects (females, 11; males, 9). Behavioral and computational analysis revealed that people with PD exerted similar physical effort in return for a reward but were less willing to produce effort to avoid punishment. Therefore, loss aversion is present during effort-based decision-making and can be modulated by altered dopaminergic state. This finding could have important implications for our understanding of clinical disorders that show a reduced willingness to exert effort in the pursuit of reward.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Loss aversion-preferring to avoid punishment rather than to acquire equivalent reward-is an important concept in decision-making under risk. However, little is known about whether loss aversion also exists during decisions where the cost is physical effort. This is surprising given that motor cost shapes human behavior, and a reduced willingness to exert effort is a characteristic of many clinical disorders. Here, we show that healthy human individuals exert more effort to minimize punishment than to maximize reward (loss aversion). We also demonstrate that medicated Parkinson's disease patients exert similar effort to gain reward but less effort to avoid punishment when compared with healthy age-matched control subjects. This indicates that dopamine-dependent loss aversion is crucial for explaining effort-based decision-making.
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14
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Soder HE, Webber TA, Bornovalova MA, Park JY, Potts GF. A test of dopamine hyper- and hyposensitivity in alcohol use. Addict Behav 2019; 90:395-401. [PMID: 30530298 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2018.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Revised: 12/02/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Biases in outcome processing, mediated by the mesocortical dopaminergic (DA) system, may predict individual differences in the frequency and quantity of alcohol use. We tested the hypothesis that genetic markers associated with increased DA neurotransmission contribute to reduced neural sensitivity to costs and increased alcohol use in an undergraduate sample. We created a DA transmission score using five genetic markers related to DA transmission and assessed neural sensitivity to cost using the feedback-related negativity (FRN), an event-related potential implicated in neural outcome evaluation, on both passive evaluative and active decision-making tasks. Self-reported alcohol use was assessed using the Daily Drinking Questionnaire-Revised. Participants with a higher DA transmission score reported increased alcohol consumption and exhibited a more blunted FRN on both the passive and active tasks. While dopamine hyposensitivity is common among chronic alcohol users, these data provide preliminary evidence that hypersensitivity of the dopamine system may underlie increased alcohol use in those who have not yet developed a chronic alcohol use disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather E Soder
- Department of Psychology, University of South Florida, 4202 East Fowler Ave, PCD 4118G, Tampa, FL 33620, United States; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 1941 East Road, BBSB 1st Floor, Houston, TX 77054, United States.
| | - Troy A Webber
- Department of Psychology, University of South Florida, 4202 East Fowler Ave, PCD 4118G, Tampa, FL 33620, United States
| | - Marina A Bornovalova
- Department of Psychology, University of South Florida, 4202 East Fowler Ave, PCD 4118G, Tampa, FL 33620, United States
| | - Jong Y Park
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center, 12902 USF Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL 33612, United States
| | - Geoffrey F Potts
- Department of Psychology, University of South Florida, 4202 East Fowler Ave, PCD 4118G, Tampa, FL 33620, United States
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15
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Irmen F, Horn A, Meder D, Neumann WJ, Plettig P, Schneider GH, Siebner HR, Kühn AA. Sensorimotor subthalamic stimulation restores risk-reward trade-off in Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord 2018; 34:366-376. [PMID: 30485537 DOI: 10.1002/mds.27576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Revised: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND STN-DBS effectively treats motor symptoms of advanced PD. Nonmotor cognitive symptoms, such as impaired impulse control or decision making, may either improve or worsen with DBS. A potential mediating factor of DBS-induced modulation of cognition is the electrode position within the STN with regard to functional subareas of parallel motor, cognitive, and affective basal ganglia loops. However, to date, the volume of tissue activated and weighted stimulation of STN motor versus nonmotor territories are yet to be linked to differential DBS effects on cognition. OBJECTIVES We aim to investigate whether STN-DBS influences risk-reward trade-off decisions and analyze its dependency on electrode placement. METHODS Seventeen PD patients ON and OFF STN-DBS and 17 age-matched healthy controls conducted a sequential decision-making task with escalating risk and reward. We computed the effect of STN-DBS on risk-reward trade-off decisions, localized patients' bilateral electrodes, and analyzed the predictive value of volume of tissue activated in STN motor and nonmotor territories on behavioral change. RESULTS We found that STN-DBS not only improves PD motor symptoms, but also normalizes overly risk-averse decision behavior in PD. Intersubject variance in electrode location could explain this behavioral change. Specifically, if STN-DBS activated preferentially STN motor territory, patients' risk-reward trade-off decisions more resembled those of healthy controls. CONCLUSIONS Our findings support the notion of convergence of different functional circuits within the STN and imply a positive effect of well-placed STN-DBS on nonmotor cognitive functioning in PD. © 2018 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Friederike Irmen
- Department of Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin School of Mind and Brain, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Biological Psychology and Cognitive Neuroscience, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Horn
- Department of Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - David Meder
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Wolf-Julian Neumann
- Department of Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Neurosurgery, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Philip Plettig
- Department of Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Gerd-Helge Schneider
- Department of Neurosurgery, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hartwig Roman Siebner
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark.,Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Andrea A Kühn
- Department of Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin School of Mind and Brain, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen, Berlin, Germany
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16
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Friedman DA, Pilko A, Skowronska-Krawczyk D, Krasinska K, Parker JW, Hirsh J, Gordon DM. The Role of Dopamine in the Collective Regulation of Foraging in Harvester Ants. iScience 2018; 8:283-294. [PMID: 30270022 PMCID: PMC6205345 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2018.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Revised: 08/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Colonies of the red harvester ant (Pogonomyrmex barbatus) differ in how they regulate collective foraging activity in response to changes in humidity. We used transcriptomic, physiological, and pharmacological experiments to investigate the molecular basis of this ecologically important variation in collective behavior among colonies. RNA sequencing of forager brain tissue showed an association between colony foraging activity and differential expression of transcripts related to biogenic amine and neurohormonal metabolism and signaling. In field experiments, pharmacological increases in forager brain dopamine titer caused significant increases in foraging activity. Colonies that were naturally most sensitive to humidity were significantly more responsive to the stimulatory effect of exogenous dopamine. In addition, forager brain tissue significantly varied among colonies in biogenic amine content. Neurophysiological variation among colonies associated with individual forager sensitivity to humidity may reflect the heritable molecular variation on which natural selection acts to shape the collective regulation of foraging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A Friedman
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
| | - Anna Pilko
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Institute for Quantitative and Computational Biosciences (QCB), University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Dorota Skowronska-Krawczyk
- Shiley Eye Institute, Richard C. Atkinson Lab for Regenerative Ophthalmology, Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Karolina Krasinska
- Stanford University Mass Spectrometry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jacqueline W Parker
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
| | - Jay Hirsh
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
| | - Deborah M Gordon
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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17
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Cocker PJ, Lin MY, Tremblay M, Kaur S, Winstanley CA. The β-adrenoceptor blocker propranolol ameliorates compulsive-like gambling behaviour in a rodent slot machine task: implications for iatrogenic gambling disorder. Eur J Neurosci 2018; 50:2401-2414. [PMID: 30019362 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Revised: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Previous work has shown that chronic administration of the dopamine D2/3 receptor agonist ropinirole invigorates performance on a rodent slot machine task (rSMT). This behavioural change appears superficially similar to the iatrogenic gambling disorder (GD) observed in a sub-set of patients with Parkinson's disease (PD), and has been associated with increased activation of the intra-cellular signalling proteins GSK3β and CREB in the striatum. Here, we wanted to determine whether this response to ropinirole could be attenuated by targeting these signalling proteins, and if the loss of dopaminergic innervation characteristic of PD would alter ropinirole's effects on the rSMT. Male Long Evans rats were trained on the rSMT. Dopaminergic terminals innervating the dorsolateral striatum were then lesioned bilaterally using the neurotoxin 6-hydroxydopamine hydrochloride (6-OHDA). Subsequently animals were implanted with osmotic mini-pumps delivering ropinirole. Lastly, animals were given dietary lithium (Li+ ), to inhibit the activation of GSK3β, or injections of the ß-adrenoceptor antagonist propranolol, which potently inhibits CREB as a secondary mechanism of action, and any changes in ropinirole-induced increases in compulsive-like engagement in the rSMT evaluated. Chronic ropinirole increased the number of trials animals completed, reproducing our original finding. This increase in task engagement was not altered in animals with 6-OHDA lesions, a putative model of early PD. In addition, the effects of ropinirole were not attenuated by administration of Li+ , but were ameliorated by propranolol. These data suggest that propranolol may represent a potential pharmacotherapy for the treatment of iatrogenic gambling.
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Affiliation(s)
- P J Cocker
- Department of Psychology, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - M Y Lin
- Department of Psychology, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - M Tremblay
- Department of Psychology, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - S Kaur
- Department of Psychology, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - C A Winstanley
- Department of Psychology, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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18
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Rajan R, Krishnan S, Sarma G, Sarma SP, Kishore A. Dopamine Receptor D3 rs6280 is Associated with Aberrant Decision-Making in Parkinson's Disease. Mov Disord Clin Pract 2018; 5:413-416. [PMID: 30363458 PMCID: PMC6174438 DOI: 10.1002/mdc3.12631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Revised: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The functional Ser9Gly single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the dopamine D3 receptor gene is associated with impulse control disorders (ICD) in Parkinson's disease (PD) in Indian patients. Whether the same SNP modulates impulsivity in PD patients without active ICD is unknown. We aimed to compare decision-making under uncertainty in PD patients with DRD3 p.S9G (rs6280) variants CT/CC or TT. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study including PD patients (n = 78) whose DRD3 p.S9G (rs6280) genotypic status was known (CC, CT, and TT). Decision-making was assessed using the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT). RESULTS IGT total (p = 0.267) or block scores did not differ between the DRD3 rs6280 variant groups. Deck choice analysis revealed that the CT/CC group showed a skewed preference in deck choice (p = 0.002) due to significantly fewer draws from deck B, compared to all other decks (deck A, p < 0.001; deck C, p = 0.004; deck D, p = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS The functional Ser9Gly DRD3 variant is associated with aberrant decision-making under uncertainty in PD patients without active ICD. This ability to modulate impulsivity may underlie its association with clinical ICD in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roopa Rajan
- Comprehensive Care Center for Movement DisordersSree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and TechnologyTrivandrumKeralaIndia
| | - Syam Krishnan
- Comprehensive Care Center for Movement DisordersSree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and TechnologyTrivandrumKeralaIndia
| | - Gangadhara Sarma
- Comprehensive Care Center for Movement DisordersSree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and TechnologyTrivandrumKeralaIndia
| | - Sankara P. Sarma
- Achutha Menon Centre for Public Health StudiesSree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and TechnologyTrivandrumKeralaIndia
| | - Asha Kishore
- Comprehensive Care Center for Movement DisordersSree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and TechnologyTrivandrumKeralaIndia
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19
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Burke CJ, Soutschek A, Weber S, Raja Beharelle A, Fehr E, Haker H, Tobler PN. Dopamine Receptor-Specific Contributions to the Computation of Value. Neuropsychopharmacology 2018; 43:1415-1424. [PMID: 29251282 PMCID: PMC5916370 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2017.302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Revised: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Dopamine is thought to play a crucial role in value-based decision making. However, the specific contributions of different dopamine receptor subtypes to the computation of subjective value remain unknown. Here we demonstrate how the balance between D1 and D2 dopamine receptor subtypes shapes subjective value computation during risky decision making. We administered the D2 receptor antagonist amisulpride or placebo before participants made choices between risky options. Compared with placebo, D2 receptor blockade resulted in more frequent choice of higher risk and higher expected value options. Using a novel model fitting procedure, we concurrently estimated the three parameters that define individual risk attitude according to an influential theoretical account of risky decision making (prospect theory). This analysis revealed that the observed reduction in risk aversion under amisulpride was driven by increased sensitivity to reward magnitude and decreased distortion of outcome probability, resulting in more linear value coding. Our data suggest that different components that govern individual risk attitude are under dopaminergic control, such that D2 receptor blockade facilitates risk taking and expected value processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Burke
- Laboratory for Social and Neural Systems Research, Department of Economics, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alexander Soutschek
- Laboratory for Social and Neural Systems Research, Department of Economics, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Susanna Weber
- Laboratory for Social and Neural Systems Research, Department of Economics, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Anjali Raja Beharelle
- Laboratory for Social and Neural Systems Research, Department of Economics, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ernst Fehr
- Laboratory for Social and Neural Systems Research, Department of Economics, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Helene Haker
- Translational Neuromodeling Unit, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Philippe N Tobler
- Laboratory for Social and Neural Systems Research, Department of Economics, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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20
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Smith AP, Hofford RS, Zentall TR, Beckmann JS. The role of 'jackpot' stimuli in maladaptive decision-making: dissociable effects of D1/D2 receptor agonists and antagonists. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2018; 235:1427-1437. [PMID: 29455291 PMCID: PMC7716655 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-018-4851-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Laboratory experiments often model risk through a choice between a large, uncertain (LU) reward against a small, certain (SC) reward as an index of an individual's risk tolerance. An important factor generally lacking from these procedures are reward-associated cues that may modulate risk preferences. OBJECTIVE We tested whether the addition of cues signaling 'jackpot' wins to LU choices would modulate risk preferences and if these cue effects were mediated by dopaminergic signaling. METHODS Three groups of rats chose between LU and SC rewards for which the LU probability of reward decreased across blocks. The unsignaled group received a non-informative stimulus of trial outcome. The signaled group received a jackpot signal prior to reward delivery and blackout on losses. The signaled-light group received a similar jackpot for wins, but a salient loss signal distinct from the win signal. RESULTS Presenting win signals decreased the discounting of LU value for both signaled groups regardless of loss signal, while the unsignaled group showed discounting similar to previous research without cues. Pharmacological challenges with D1/D2 agonists and antagonists revealed that D1 antagonism increased and decreased sensitives to the relative probability of reward for unsignaled and signaled groups, respectively, while D2 agonists decreased sensitivities to the relative magnitude of reward. CONCLUSION The results highlight how signals predictive of wins can promote maladaptive risk taking in individuals, while loss signals have reduced effect. Additionally, the presence of reward-predictive cues may change the underlying neurobehavioral mechanisms mediating decision-making under risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron P. Smith
- Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington Kentucky, 40506, United States of America
| | - Rebecca S. Hofford
- Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington Kentucky, 40506, United States of America
| | - Thomas R. Zentall
- Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington Kentucky, 40506, United States of America
| | - Joshua S. Beckmann
- Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington Kentucky, 40506, United States of America,correspondence sent to:
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21
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Calvey T. The extended evolutionary synthesis and addiction: the price we pay for adaptability. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2017; 235:1-18. [PMID: 29054284 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2017.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Humans are more likely to become addicted and to stay addicted than are other animals. This chapter is a neurobiological and molecular review of addiction and the cooccurring traits and psychiatric disorders from the perspective of the Extended Evolutionary Synthesis (EES). Addiction is an example of pleiotropy as many common haplotypes that are associated with individual differences in vulnerability to substance dependence express a variety of important brain-based phenotypes such as neuroadaptive processes. The neurochemical mechanisms of addiction are shared with behavioral flexibility and the ability to innovate, which are hallmark features of our species. The dopaminergic system provides a link between addiction and the cooccurring traits and psychiatric disorders evident in the shared genetic profile. A hypofunctioning dopaminergic system is also a common characteristic feature of addiction and the cooccurring traits and psychiatric disorders. Epigenetics allows for environmental factors to create lasting and heritable phenotypic changes enabling rapid adaptation to an environment. Addiction "high-jacks" this system as well as the neurochemical mechanisms that control flexibility and innovation and is, thus, the price we pay for adaptability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanya Calvey
- School of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
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22
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Stocco A. A Biologically Plausible Action Selection System for Cognitive Architectures: Implications of Basal Ganglia Anatomy for Learning and Decision-Making Models. Cogn Sci 2017; 42:457-490. [PMID: 28585747 DOI: 10.1111/cogs.12506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2017] [Revised: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Several attempts have been made previously to provide a biological grounding for cognitive architectures by relating their components to the computations of specific brain circuits. Often, the architecture's action selection system is identified with the basal ganglia. However, this identification overlooks one of the most important features of the basal ganglia-the existence of a direct and an indirect pathway that compete against each other. This characteristic has important consequences in decision-making tasks, which are brought to light by Parkinson's disease as well as genetic differences in dopamine receptors. This paper shows that a standard model of action selection in a cognitive architecture (ACT-R) cannot replicate any of these findings, details an alternative solution that reconciles action selection in the architecture with the physiology of the basal ganglia, and extends the domain of application of cognitive architectures. The implication of this solution for other architectures and existing models are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Stocco
- Department of Psychology, University of Washington.,Institute for Learning and Brain Sciences (I-LABS), University of Washington.,NSF Center for Sensorimotor Neural Engineering, University of Washington.,University of Washington Institute for Neuroengineering (UWIN), University of Washington
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23
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Relationship Between Use of Videogames and Sexual Health in Adult Males. J Sex Med 2017; 14:898-903. [PMID: 28579336 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsxm.2017.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Revised: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Videogame use is increasingly prevalent in people of all ages, and despite the wide amount of scientific evidence proving a role for electronic entertainment in human health, there is no evidence about the relation between use of videogames and sexual health. AIM To investigate the association between use of videogames and male sexual health. METHODS We administered the two validated questionnaires, the Premature Ejaculation Diagnostic Tool (PEDT) and the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-15), to men 18 to 50 years old recruited through social networks and specific websites. In addition to the questionnaires, volunteers were asked to provide information on their gaming habit and lifestyle. OUTCOMES An extended version of the IIEF-15 and PEDT, including data about gaming habits and relevant lifestyles. RESULTS From June 18, 2014 through July 31, 2014, 599 men 18 to 50 years old completed the questionnaires. One hundred ninety-nine men reported no sexual activity during the previous 4 weeks; four records were rejected because of inherent errors. The remaining 396 questionnaires were analyzed, with 287 "gamers" (playing >1 hour/day on average) and 109 "non-gamers" providing all the required information. We found a lower prevalence of premature ejaculation in gamers compared with non-gamers (mean PEDT score = 3.57 ± 3.38 vs 4.52 ± 3.7, P < .05, respectively). Analysis of the IIEF-15 showed no significant differences between gamers and non-gamers in the domains of erectile function, orgasmic function, and overall satisfaction. Median scores for the sexual desire domain were higher for non-gamers (median score [interquartile range] 9 [8-9] vs 9 [8-10], respectively; P = .0227). CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS These results support the correlation between videogame use and male sexual health. Compared with non-gamers, men playing videogames for more than 1 hour/day were less likely to have premature ejaculation but more likely to have decreased sexual desire. STRENGTHS AND LIMITATIONS This is the first study aimed to assess male sexual health in gamers. We identified an association between PEDT and IIEF scores and videogame use; however, these findings require validation through interventional studies. Furthermore, volunteers were recruited through social networks, thus increasing the risk of recruitment bias. CONCLUSION To our knowledge, this is the first observational study investigating the link between electronic entertainment and male sexuality, specifically for ejaculatory response and sexual desire. Sansone A, Sansone M, Proietti M, et al. Relationship Between Use of Videogames and Sexual Health in Adult Males. J Sex Med 2017;14:898-903.
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24
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Cocker PJ, Tremblay M, Kaur S, Winstanley CA. Chronic administration of the dopamine D 2/3 agonist ropinirole invigorates performance of a rodent slot machine task, potentially indicative of less distractible or compulsive-like gambling behaviour. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2017; 234:137-153. [PMID: 27714426 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-016-4447-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Whilst dopamine agonist therapies can successfully manage the symptoms of diseases such as Parkinson's disease (PD), fibromyalgia and restless leg syndrome, they can also cause impulse control and addiction disorders such as gambling disorder (GD). These compulsive behaviours seriously undermine the utility of such treatments. OBJECTIVES The objective of the study was to model this phenomenon using a rodent slot machine task (rSMT) in order to investigate the neurobiological basis underlying such behavioural changes. METHODS Male Long Evans rats were trained to perform the rSMT. The D2-like agonist ropinirole, or saline, was then delivered continuously for 28 days via osmotic mini-pump. The effects of ropinirole on baseline rSMT performance, as well as extinction and reinstatement sessions, were determined during this time. Brain samples from key frontostriatal regions implicated in GD and PD were then harvested immediately or after a 4-week washout period during which behaviour returned to pre-drug baseline. RESULTS Ropinirole invigorated task performance, in that drug treatment resulted in a robust and sustained increase in the number of trials completed. Ex vivo analyses revealed that chronic ropinirole treatment led to a pattern of changes indicative of upregulation within the β-arrestin-AKT-GSK3β intracellular cascade, recently theorised to dominate D2-mediated signalling under hyperdopaminergic conditions, in the dorsal striatum, rather than the canonical PKA-dependent signalling pathway associated with D2 receptor activation. CONCLUSIONS Such findings provide novel insight into the role of dopamine signalling in mediating compulsive-like gambling behaviour and may inform more directed pharmacotherapies for the treatment of both idiopathic and iatrogenic GD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul J Cocker
- Department of Psychology, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, 2215 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada.
| | - M Tremblay
- Department of Psychology, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, 2215 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - S Kaur
- Department of Psychology, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, 2215 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Catharine A Winstanley
- Department of Psychology, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, 2215 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada.
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Mikhael JG, Bogacz R. Learning Reward Uncertainty in the Basal Ganglia. PLoS Comput Biol 2016; 12:e1005062. [PMID: 27589489 PMCID: PMC5010205 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Learning the reliability of different sources of rewards is critical for making optimal choices. However, despite the existence of detailed theory describing how the expected reward is learned in the basal ganglia, it is not known how reward uncertainty is estimated in these circuits. This paper presents a class of models that encode both the mean reward and the spread of the rewards, the former in the difference between the synaptic weights of D1 and D2 neurons, and the latter in their sum. In the models, the tendency to seek (or avoid) options with variable reward can be controlled by increasing (or decreasing) the tonic level of dopamine. The models are consistent with the physiology of and synaptic plasticity in the basal ganglia, they explain the effects of dopaminergic manipulations on choices involving risks, and they make multiple experimental predictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- John G. Mikhael
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Rafal Bogacz
- MRC Brain Network Dynamics Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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26
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The neural basis of one's own conscious and unconscious emotional states. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2015; 57:1-29. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2015.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Revised: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 08/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Abstract
The neuromodulator dopamine has a well established role in reporting appetitive prediction errors that are widely considered in terms of learning. However, across a wide variety of contexts, both phasic and tonic aspects of dopamine are likely to exert more immediate effects that have been less well characterized. Of particular interest is dopamine's influence on economic risk taking and on subjective well-being, a quantity known to be substantially affected by prediction errors resulting from the outcomes of risky choices. By boosting dopamine levels using levodopa (l-DOPA) as human subjects made economic decisions and repeatedly reported their momentary happiness, we show here an effect on both choices and happiness. Boosting dopamine levels increased the number of risky options chosen in trials involving potential gains but not trials involving potential losses. This effect could be better captured as increased Pavlovian approach in an approach-avoidance decision model than as a change in risk preferences within an established prospect theory model. Boosting dopamine also increased happiness resulting from some rewards. Our findings thus identify specific novel influences of dopamine on decision making and emotion that are distinct from its established role in learning.
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Gesquière-Dando A, Guedj E, Loundou A, Carron R, Witjas T, Fluchère F, Delfini M, Mundler L, Regis J, Azulay JP, Eusebio A. A preoperative metabolic marker of parkinsonian apathy following subthalamic nucleus stimulation. Mov Disord 2015; 30:1767-76. [DOI: 10.1002/mds.26349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Revised: 06/12/2015] [Accepted: 06/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Aude Gesquière-Dando
- APHM; CHU Timone, Department of Neurology and Movement Disorders; Aix Marseille Université; Marseille France
- Institut de Neurosciences de la Timone UMR 7289; Aix Marseille Université; CNRS Marseille France
| | - Eric Guedj
- Institut de Neurosciences de la Timone UMR 7289; Aix Marseille Université; CNRS Marseille France
- APHM; CHU Timone, Service Central de Biophysique et Médecine Nucléaire; Aix Marseille Université; Marseille France
- CERIMED; Aix-Marseille Université; Marseille France
| | - Anderson Loundou
- APHM; CHU Timone, Unité d'Aide méthodologique à la Recherche Clinique et Epidémiologique; DRRC Marseille France
| | - Romain Carron
- APHM; CHU Timone, Department of Functional and Stereotactic Neurosurgery; Aix Marseille Université; Marseille France
| | - Tatiana Witjas
- APHM; CHU Timone, Department of Neurology and Movement Disorders; Aix Marseille Université; Marseille France
- Institut de Neurosciences de la Timone UMR 7289; Aix Marseille Université; CNRS Marseille France
| | - Frédérique Fluchère
- APHM; CHU Timone, Department of Neurology and Movement Disorders; Aix Marseille Université; Marseille France
| | - Marie Delfini
- APHM; CHU Timone, Department of Neurology and Movement Disorders; Aix Marseille Université; Marseille France
| | - Laura Mundler
- APHM; CHU Timone, Department of Neurology and Movement Disorders; Aix Marseille Université; Marseille France
| | - Jean Regis
- APHM; CHU Timone, Department of Functional and Stereotactic Neurosurgery; Aix Marseille Université; Marseille France
| | - Jean-Philippe Azulay
- APHM; CHU Timone, Department of Neurology and Movement Disorders; Aix Marseille Université; Marseille France
- Institut de Neurosciences de la Timone UMR 7289; Aix Marseille Université; CNRS Marseille France
| | - Alexandre Eusebio
- APHM; CHU Timone, Department of Neurology and Movement Disorders; Aix Marseille Université; Marseille France
- Institut de Neurosciences de la Timone UMR 7289; Aix Marseille Université; CNRS Marseille France
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Oswald LM, Wand GS, Wong DF, Brown CH, Kuwabara H, Brašić JR. Risky decision-making and ventral striatal dopamine responses to amphetamine: a positron emission tomography [(11)C]raclopride study in healthy adults. Neuroimage 2015; 113:26-36. [PMID: 25795343 PMCID: PMC4433778 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Revised: 02/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies have provided compelling evidence that corticolimbic brain regions are integrally involved in human decision-making. Although much less is known about molecular mechanisms, there is growing evidence that the mesolimbic dopamine (DA) neurotransmitter system may be an important neural substrate. Thus far, direct examination of DA signaling in human risk-taking has centered on gambling disorder. Findings from several positron emission tomography (PET) studies suggest that dysfunctions in mesolimbic DA circuits may play an important role in gambling behavior. Nevertheless, interpretation of these findings is currently hampered by a need for better understanding of how individual differences in regional DA function influence normative decision-making in humans. To further our understanding of these processes, we used [(11)C]raclopride PET to examine associations between ventral striatal (VS) DA responses to amphetamine (AMPH) and risky decision-making in a sample of healthy young adults with no history of psychiatric disorder, Forty-five male and female subjects, ages 18-29 years, completed a computerized version of the Iowa Gambling Task. Participants then underwent two 90-minute PET studies with high specific activity [(11)C]raclopride. The first scan was preceded by intravenous saline; the second, by intravenous AMPH (0.3mg/kg). Findings of primary analyses showed that less advantageous decision-making was associated with greater right VS DA release; the relationship did not differ as a function of gender. No associations were observed between risk-taking and left VS DA release or baseline D2/D3 receptor availability in either hemisphere. Overall, the results support notions that variability in striatal DA function may mediate inter-individual differences in risky decision-making in healthy adults, further suggesting that hypersensitive DA circuits may represent a risk pathway in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynn M Oswald
- Department of Family and Community Health, University of Maryland School of Nursing, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
| | - Gary S Wand
- Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Dean F Wong
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Neuroscience, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Clayton H Brown
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Hiroto Kuwabara
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - James R Brašić
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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Decisions, Decisions: The Neurobiology of the effects of Dopamine Replacement Therapy on Decision-Making in Parkinson’s Disease. JOURNAL OF EUROPEAN PSYCHOLOGY STUDENTS 2015. [DOI: 10.5334/jeps.cv] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Sauvaget A, Jiménez-Murcia S, Fernández-Aranda F, Fagundo AB, Moragas L, Wolz I, Veciana De Las Heras M, Granero R, Del Pino-Gutiérrez A, Baño M, Real E, Aymamí MN, Grall-Bronnec M, Menchón JM. Unexpected online gambling disorder in late-life: a case report. Front Psychol 2015; 6:655. [PMID: 26074835 PMCID: PMC4444736 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The lifetime prevalence of problem or Gambling disorder (GD) in the elderly (i.e., those over 60 years old) is reported to range from 0.01 to 10.9%. Research has identified several specific risk factors and vulnerabilities in the elderly. Since the late 1990s, an increase in online GD has been observed in the youth population, whereas casinos, slot machines, and bingo seem to be the activities of choice among the elderly. Interestingly, online GD has not been described in the elderly to date. Case Description: We report an 83-year-old man who started online casino gambling from the age of 80 years, leading to debts that exceeded €30,000. He underwent a full clinical and neuropsychological assessment, without any evidence of cognitive impairment or any associated neurodegenerative disease. However, he had risk factors for GD, including adjustment disorder, stressful life events, previous offline casino GD when 50 years old, and dysfunctional personality traits. The change to online GD may have been due to his isolation, movement difficulties, and his high level of education, which facilitated his access to the Internet. Care management focused on individual cognitive-behavioral therapy. Conclusion: The prevalence of online GD may be underestimated among the elderly, and may increase among isolated old people with movement difficulties and ready access to the Internet. However, late-life GD should be considered a diagnosis of elimination, requiring a full medical, psychiatric (including suicide risk), and cognitive assessment. Specific therapeutic approaches need to be proposed and developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Sauvaget
- Addictology and Liaison Psychiatry Department, Nantes University Hospital Nantes, France ; Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL Barcelona, Spain
| | - Susana Jiménez-Murcia
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL Barcelona, Spain ; CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III Barcelona, Spain ; Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fernando Fernández-Aranda
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL Barcelona, Spain ; CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III Barcelona, Spain ; Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana B Fagundo
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL Barcelona, Spain ; CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Moragas
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ines Wolz
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL Barcelona, Spain ; CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Roser Granero
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III Barcelona, Spain ; Departament de Psicobiologia i Metodologia de les Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona Barcelona, Spain
| | - Amparo Del Pino-Gutiérrez
- Department of Public Health, Mental Health and Perinatal Nursing, University School of Nursing, University of Barcelona Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Baño
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eva Real
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria N Aymamí
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marie Grall-Bronnec
- Addictology and Liaison Psychiatry Department, Nantes University Hospital Nantes, France
| | - José M Menchón
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL Barcelona, Spain ; Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona Barcelona, Spain ; CIBER Salud Mental, Instituto de Salud Carlos III Barcelona, Spain
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Orbitofrontal or accumbens dopamine depletion does not affect risk-based decision making in rats. COGNITIVE AFFECTIVE & BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE 2015; 15:507-22. [DOI: 10.3758/s13415-015-0353-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Singer BF, Anselme P, Robinson MJF, Vezina P. Neuronal and psychological underpinnings of pathological gambling. Front Behav Neurosci 2014; 8:230. [PMID: 25071487 PMCID: PMC4076739 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2014.00230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2014] [Accepted: 06/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Bryan F Singer
- Department of Psychology, The University of Michigan Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Patrick Anselme
- Department of Psychology, The University of Liège Liège, Belgium
| | | | - Paul Vezina
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, The University of Chicago Chicago, IL, USA
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