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Guo CR, Zhang ZZ, Zhou X, Sun MY, Li TT, Lei YT, Gao YH, Li QQ, Yue CX, Gao Y, Lin YY, Hao CY, Li CZ, Cao P, Zhu MX, Rong MQ, Wang WH, Yu Y. Chronic cough relief by allosteric modulation of P2X3 without taste disturbance. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5844. [PMID: 37730705 PMCID: PMC10511716 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41495-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
P2X receptors are cation channels that sense extracellular ATP. Many therapeutic candidates targeting P2X receptors have begun clinical trials or acquired approval for the treatment of refractory chronic cough (RCC) and other disorders. However, the present negative allosteric modulation of P2X receptors is primarily limited to the central pocket or the site below the left flipper domain. Here, we uncover a mechanism of allosteric regulation of P2X3 in the inner pocket of the head domain (IP-HD), and show that the antitussive effects of quercetin and PSFL2915 (our nM-affinity P2X3 inhibitor optimized based on quercetin) on male mice and guinea pigs were achieved by preventing allosteric changes of IP-HD in P2X3. While being therapeutically comparable to the newly licensed P2X3 RCC drug gefapixant, quercetin and PSFL2915 do not have an adverse effect on taste as gefapixant does. Thus, allosteric modulation of P2X3 via IP-HD may be a druggable strategy to alleviate RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Run Guo
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Zhong-Zhe Zhang
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Xing Zhou
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Meng-Yang Sun
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Tian-Tian Li
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Yun-Tao Lei
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Yu-Hao Gao
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Qing-Quan Li
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Chen-Xi Yue
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Yu Gao
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Yi-Yu Lin
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Cui-Yun Hao
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Chang-Zhu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Utilization of Woody Oil Resource, Hunan Academy of Forestry, Changsha, Hunan, 410004, China
| | - Peng Cao
- Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Michael X Zhu
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA
| | - Ming-Qiang Rong
- The National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China.
| | - Wen-Hui Wang
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China.
| | - Ye Yu
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China.
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2
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Giniatullin R, Nistri A. Role of ATP in migraine mechanisms: focus on P2X3 receptors. J Headache Pain 2023; 24:1. [PMID: 36597043 PMCID: PMC9809127 DOI: 10.1186/s10194-022-01535-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Migraine is a major health burden worldwide with complex pathophysiology and multifarious underlying mechanisms. One poorly understood issue concerns the early steps in the generation of migraine pain. To elucidate the basic process of migraine pain further, it seems useful to consider key molecular players that may operate synergistically to evoke headache. While the neuropeptide CGRP is an important contributor, we propose that extracellular ATP (that generally plays a powerful nociceptive role) is also a major component of migraine headache, acting in concert with CGRP to stimulate trigeminal nociceptive neurons. The aim of the present focused review is to highlight the role of ATP activating its P2X3 membrane receptors selectively expressed by sensory neurons including their nerve fiber terminals in the meninges. Specifically, we present data on the homeostasis of ATP and related purines in the trigeminovascular system and in the CNS; the basic properties of ATP signalling at peripheral and central nerve terminals; the characteristics of P2X3 and related receptors in trigeminal neurons; the critical speed and persistence of P2X3 receptor activity; their cohabitation at the so-called meningeal neuro-immune synapse; the identity of certain endogenous agents cooperating with ATP to induce neuronal sensitization in the trigeminal sensory system; the role of P2X3 receptors in familial type migraine; the current state of P2X3 receptor antagonists and their pharmacological perspectives in migraine. It is proposed that the unique kinetic properties of P2X3 receptors activated by ATP offer an interesting translational value to stimulate future studies for innovative treatments of migraine pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Giniatullin
- grid.9668.10000 0001 0726 2490A.I Virtanen Institute, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - A. Nistri
- grid.5970.b0000 0004 1762 9868Department of Neuroscience, International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA), 34136 Trieste, Italy
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3
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Spinaci A, Buccioni M, Dal Ben D, Marucci G, Volpini R, Lambertucci C. P2X3 Receptor Ligands: Structural Features and Potential Therapeutic Applications. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:653561. [PMID: 33927627 PMCID: PMC8076795 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.653561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Rosaria Volpini
- Medicinal Chemistry Unit, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
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4
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Weitz JR, Jacques-Silva C, Qadir MMF, Umland O, Pereira E, Qureshi F, Tamayo A, Dominguez-Bendala J, Rodriguez-Diaz R, Almaça J, Caicedo A. Secretory Functions of Macrophages in the Human Pancreatic Islet Are Regulated by Endogenous Purinergic Signaling. Diabetes 2020; 69:1206-1218. [PMID: 32245801 PMCID: PMC7243286 DOI: 10.2337/db19-0687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Endocrine cells of the pancreatic islet interact with their microenvironment to maintain tissue homeostasis. Communication with local macrophages is particularly important in this context, but the homeostatic functions of human islet macrophages are not known. In this study, we show that the human islet contains macrophages in perivascular regions that are the main local source of the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-10 (IL-10) and the metalloproteinase MMP9. Macrophage production and secretion of these homeostatic factors are controlled by endogenous purinergic signals. In obese and diabetic states, macrophage expression of purinergic receptors MMP9 and IL-10 is reduced. We propose that in those states, exacerbated β-cell activity due to increased insulin demand and increased cell death produce high levels of ATP that downregulate purinergic receptor expression. Loss of ATP sensing in macrophages may reduce their secretory capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan R Weitz
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
| | - Carol Jacques-Silva
- Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
| | - Mirza Muhammed Fahd Qadir
- Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
- Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
| | - Oliver Umland
- Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
| | - Elizabeth Pereira
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
| | - Farhan Qureshi
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
- Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
| | - Alejandro Tamayo
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
| | - Juan Dominguez-Bendala
- Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
- Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
| | - Rayner Rodriguez-Diaz
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
| | - Joana Almaça
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
| | - Alejandro Caicedo
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
- Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
- Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
- Program in Neuroscience, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
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5
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Suleimanova A, Talanov M, Gafurov O, Gafarov F, Koroleva K, Virenque A, Noe FM, Mikhailov N, Nistri A, Giniatullin R. Modeling a Nociceptive Neuro-Immune Synapse Activated by ATP and 5-HT in Meninges: Novel Clues on Transduction of Chemical Signals Into Persistent or Rhythmic Neuronal Firing. Front Cell Neurosci 2020; 14:135. [PMID: 32508598 PMCID: PMC7248338 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2020.00135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular ATP and serotonin (5-HT) are powerful triggers of nociceptive firing in the meninges, a process supporting headache and whose cellular mechanisms are incompletely understood. The current study aimed to develop, with the neurosimulator NEURON, a novel approach to explore in silico the molecular determinants of the long-lasting, pulsatile nature of migraine attacks. The present model included ATP and 5-HT release, ATP diffusion and hydrolysis, 5-HT uptake, differential activation of ATP P2X or 5-HT3 receptors, and receptor subtype-specific desensitization. The model also tested the role of branched meningeal fibers with multiple release sites. Spike generation and propagation were simulated using variable contribution by potassium and sodium channels in a multi-compartment fiber environment. Multiple factors appeared important to ensure prolonged nociceptive firing potentially relevant to long-lasting pain. Crucial roles were observed in: (i) co-expression of ATP P2X2 and P2X3 receptor subunits; (ii) intrinsic activation/inactivation properties of sodium Nav1.8 channels; and (iii) temporal and spatial distribution of ATP/5-HT release sites along the branches of trigeminal nerve fibers. Based on these factors we could obtain either persistent activation of nociceptive firing or its periodic bursting mimicking the pulsating nature of pain. In summary, our model proposes a novel tool for the exploration of peripheral nociception to test the contribution of clinically relevant factors to headache including migraine pain.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Max Talanov
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Oleg Gafurov
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Fail' Gafarov
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Ksenia Koroleva
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Anaïs Virenque
- Neuroscience Center, Helsinki University, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Nikita Mikhailov
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Andrea Nistri
- Department of Neuroscience, International School for Advanced Studies, Trieste, Italy
| | - Rashid Giniatullin
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia.,A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
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6
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Identification of aurintricarboxylic acid as a potent allosteric antagonist of P2X1 and P2X3 receptors. Neuropharmacology 2019; 158:107749. [PMID: 31461640 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2019.107749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The homotrimeric P2X3 receptor, one of the seven members of the ATP-gated P2X receptor family, plays a crucial role in sensory neurotransmission. P2X3 receptor antagonists have been identified as promising drugs to treat chronic cough and are suggested to offer pain relief in chronic pain such as neuropathic pain. Here, we analysed whether compounds affect P2X3 receptor activity by high-throughput screening of the Spectrum Collection of 2000 approved drugs, natural products and bioactive substances. We identified aurintricarboxylic acid (ATA) as a nanomolar-potency antagonist of P2X3 receptor-mediated responses. Two-electrode voltage clamp electrophysiology-based concentration-response analysis and selectivity profiling revealed that ATA strongly inhibits the rP2X1 and rP2X3 receptors (with IC50 values of 8.6 nM and 72.9 nM, respectively) and more weakly inhibits P2X2/3, P2X2, P2X4 or P2X7 receptors (IC50 values of 0.76 μM, 22 μM, 763 μM or 118 μM, respectively). Patch-clamp analysis of mouse DRG neurons revealed that ATA inhibited native P2X3 and P2X2/3 receptors to a similar extent than rat P2X3 and P2X2/3 receptors expressed in Xenopus oocytes. In a radioligand binding assay, up to 30 μM ATA did not compete with [3H]-ATP for rP2X3 receptor binding, indicating a non-competitive mechanism of action. Molecular docking studies, site-directed mutagenesis and concentration-response analysis revealed that ATA binds to the negative allosteric site of the hP2X3 receptor. In summary, ATA as a drug-like pharmacological tool compound is a nanomolar-potency, allosteric antagonist with selectivity towards αβ-methylene-ATP-sensitive P2X1 and P2X3 receptors.
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7
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Li M, Wang Y, Banerjee R, Marinelli F, Silberberg S, Faraldo-Gómez JD, Hattori M, Swartz KJ. Molecular mechanisms of human P2X3 receptor channel activation and modulation by divalent cation bound ATP. eLife 2019; 8:47060. [PMID: 31232692 PMCID: PMC6590987 DOI: 10.7554/elife.47060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
P2X3 receptor channels expressed in sensory neurons are activated by extracellular ATP and serve important roles in nociception and sensory hypersensitization, making them attractive therapeutic targets. Although several P2X3 structures are known, it is unclear how physiologically abundant Ca2+-ATP and Mg2+-ATP activate the receptor, or how divalent cations regulate channel function. We used structural, computational and functional approaches to show that a crucial acidic chamber near the nucleotide-binding pocket in human P2X3 receptors accommodates divalent ions in two distinct modes in the absence and presence of nucleotide. The unusual engagement between the receptor, divalent ion and the γ-phosphate of ATP enables channel activation by ATP-divalent complex, cooperatively stabilizes the nucleotide on the receptor to slow ATP unbinding and recovery from desensitization, a key mechanism for limiting channel activity. These findings reveal how P2X3 receptors recognize and are activated by divalent-bound ATP, aiding future physiological investigations and drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mufeng Li
- Molecular Physiology and Biophysics Section, Porter Neuroscience Research Center, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
| | - Yao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Multiscale Research Institute for Complex Systems, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Rahul Banerjee
- Theoretical Molecular Biophysics Laboratory, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
| | - Fabrizio Marinelli
- Theoretical Molecular Biophysics Laboratory, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
| | - Shai Silberberg
- Molecular Physiology and Biophysics Section, Porter Neuroscience Research Center, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
| | - José D Faraldo-Gómez
- Theoretical Molecular Biophysics Laboratory, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
| | - Motoyuki Hattori
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Multiscale Research Institute for Complex Systems, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kenton Jon Swartz
- Molecular Physiology and Biophysics Section, Porter Neuroscience Research Center, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
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Koroleva K, Gafurov O, Guselnikova V, Nurkhametova D, Giniatullina R, Sitdikova G, Mattila OS, Lindsberg PJ, Malm TM, Giniatullin R. Meningeal Mast Cells Contribute to ATP-Induced Nociceptive Firing in Trigeminal Nerve Terminals: Direct and Indirect Purinergic Mechanisms Triggering Migraine Pain. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:195. [PMID: 31133812 PMCID: PMC6524559 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Peripheral mechanisms of primary headaches such as a migraine remain unclear. Meningeal afferents surrounded by multiple mast cells have been suggested as a major source of migraine pain. Extracellular ATP released during migraine attacks is a likely candidate for activating meningeal afferents via neuronal P2X receptors. Recently, we showed that ATP also increased degranulation of resident meningeal mast cells (Nurkhametova et al., 2019). However, the contribution of ATP-induced mast cell degranulation in aggravating the migraine pain remains unknown. Here we explored the role of meningeal mast cells in the pro-nociceptive effects of extracellular ATP. The impact of mast cells on ATP mediated activation of peripheral branches of trigeminal nerves was measured electrophysiologically in the dura mater of adult wild type (WT) or mast cell deficient mice. We found that a spontaneous spiking activity in the meningeal afferents, at baseline level, did not differ in two groups. However, in WT mice, meningeal application of ATP dramatically (24.6-fold) increased nociceptive firing, peaking at frequencies around 10 Hz. In contrast, in mast cell deficient animals, ATP-induced excitation was significantly weaker (3.5-fold). Application of serotonin to meninges in WT induced strong spiking. Moreover, in WT mice, the 5-HT3 antagonist MDL-7222 inhibited not only serotonin but also the ATP induced nociceptive firing. Our data suggest that extracellular ATP activates nociceptive firing in meningeal trigeminal afferents via amplified degranulation of resident mast cells in addition to direct excitatory action on the nerve terminals. This highlights the importance of mast cell degranulation via extracellular ATP, in aggravating the migraine pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ksenia Koroleva
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Oleg Gafurov
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Valeriia Guselnikova
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of General and Special Morphology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Dilyara Nurkhametova
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Raisa Giniatullina
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Guzel Sitdikova
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Olli S. Mattila
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Perttu J. Lindsberg
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tarja Maarit Malm
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Rashid Giniatullin
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
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9
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Zhang S, Ye D, Ma L, Ren Y, Dirksen RT, Liu X. Purinergic Signaling Modulates Survival/Proliferation of Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells. J Dent Res 2018; 98:242-249. [PMID: 30383477 DOI: 10.1177/0022034518807920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) reside in postnatal dental pulp and exhibit the potential to differentiate into odontoblasts as well as neurons. However, the intercellular signaling niches necessary for hDPSC survival and self-renewal remain largely unknown. The objective of this study is to demonstrate the existence of intercellular purinergic signaling in hDPSCs and to assess the impact of purinergic signaling on hDPSC survival and proliferation. hDPSCs were isolated from extracted third molars and cultured in minimum essential medium. To demonstrate responsiveness to ATP application and inhibitions by purinergic receptor antagonists, whole cell patch-clamp recordings of ATP-induced currents were recorded from cultured hDPSCs. Immunofluorescence and enzymatic histochemistry staining were performed to assess purinergic receptor expression and ectonucleotidase activity in hDPSCs, respectively. To determine the effects of purinergic signaling on hDPSC, purinergic receptor antagonists and an ectonucleotidase inhibitor were applied in culture medium, and hDPSC survival and proliferation were assessed with DAPI staining and Ki67 immunofluorescence staining, respectively. We demonstrated that ATP application induced inward currents in hDPSCs. P2X and P2Y receptors are involved in the generation of ATP-induced inward currents. We also detected expression of NTPDase3 and ectonucleotidase activity in hDPSCs. We further demonstrated that purinergic receptors were tonically activated in hDPSCs and that inhibition of ectonucleotidase activity enhanced ATP-induced inward currents. Furthermore, we found that blocking P2Y and P2X receptors reduced-and inhibition of ecto-ATPase activity enhanced-the survival and proliferation of hDPSCs, while blocking P2X receptors alone affected only hDPSC proliferation. Autocrine/paracrine purinergic signaling is essential for hDPSC survival and proliferation. These results reveal potential targets to manipulate hDPSCs to promote tooth/dental pulp repair and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Zhang
- 1 Department of Dentistry, Eastman Institute for Oral Health, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - D Ye
- 1 Department of Dentistry, Eastman Institute for Oral Health, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - L Ma
- 2 Department of Dentistry, School of Stomatology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China, China
| | - Y Ren
- 1 Department of Dentistry, Eastman Institute for Oral Health, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - R T Dirksen
- 3 Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - X Liu
- 1 Department of Dentistry, Eastman Institute for Oral Health, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA.,3 Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA.,4 Department of Dentistry, Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur, GA, USA
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10
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ATP-Gated P2X3 Receptors Are Specialised Sensors of the Extracellular Environment. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018. [PMID: 28639246 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2017_56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
P2X3 receptors are ion channels expressed by autonomic and sensory nerves and specialised in transducing extracellular ATP signals. Structural data, together with functional and biochemical studies, suggest that conformational changes of P2X3 receptors upon agonist binding influence downstream intracellular molecular mechanisms relevant for neuronal responses. Activity of P2X3 receptors is implicated in pain, itch, asthma, cardiovascular dysfunction and other pathologies. The study of these receptors has therefore a large potential in the field of drug development and interdisciplinary efforts could clarify molecular mechanisms controlling P2X3 receptor function in different physiological or pathological contexts.
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11
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Fu Z, Ogura T, Luo W, Lin W. ATP and Odor Mixture Activate TRPM5-Expressing Microvillous Cells and Potentially Induce Acetylcholine Release to Enhance Supporting Cell Endocytosis in Mouse Main Olfactory Epithelium. Front Cell Neurosci 2018; 12:71. [PMID: 29615870 PMCID: PMC5869921 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2018.00071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The main olfactory epithelium (MOE) functions to detect odor molecules, provide an epithelial surface barrier, and remove xenobiotics from inhaled air. Mechanisms coordinating the activities of different cell types within the MOE to maintain these functions are poorly understood. Previously, we showed that superficially located microvillous cells (MCs) in the MOE expressing transient receptor potential channel M5 (TRPM5) are cholinergic and chemoresponsive and that they play an important role in maintaining odor responses and olfactory-guided behavior under challenging chemical environment. Here we investigated TRPM5-MC activation and subsequent paracrine regulation. Ca2+ imaging showed that TRPM5-MCs dose-dependently increase their intracellular Ca2+ levels in response to ATP, an important signaling molecule for airway mucociliary movement, and to an odor mixture. Pharmacological examination showed that the ATP responses are primarily mediated by P2X purinergic receptors. Interestingly, using the endocytosis dye pHrodo Red dextran, we found that chemical-activated TRPM5-MCs significantly increase the number of pHrodo-labeled puncta compared to controls without stimulation and compared to cells that do not respond to ATP or to the odor mixture. These results indicate potential vesicle recycling after release of the signaling molecule acetylcholine (ACh). Interestingly, TRPM5 knockout (KO) results in a decrease in ATP-induced pHrodo internalization. We further investigated cholinergic regulation of neighboring supporting cells (SCs). We found that ACh strongly elevates intracellular Ca2+ and potentiates pHrodo endocytosis in SCs. The ACh effects are diminished in the presence of atropine or M3 muscarinic receptor antagonist and in SCs lacking M3 receptors. Collectively, these data suggest that TRPM5-MCs may regulate the MOE’s multicellular network activity via cholinergic paracrine signaling for functional maintenance and adaptive plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziying Fu
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Tatsuya Ogura
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Wangmei Luo
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Weihong Lin
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, United States
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12
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Burnstock G. Purinergic Signalling: Therapeutic Developments. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:661. [PMID: 28993732 PMCID: PMC5622197 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 263] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Purinergic signalling, i.e., the role of nucleotides as extracellular signalling molecules, was proposed in 1972. However, this concept was not well accepted until the early 1990's when receptor subtypes for purines and pyrimidines were cloned and characterised, which includes four subtypes of the P1 (adenosine) receptor, seven subtypes of P2X ion channel receptors and 8 subtypes of the P2Y G protein-coupled receptor. Early studies were largely concerned with the physiology, pharmacology and biochemistry of purinergic signalling. More recently, the focus has been on the pathophysiology and therapeutic potential. There was early recognition of the use of P1 receptor agonists for the treatment of supraventricular tachycardia and A2A receptor antagonists are promising for the treatment of Parkinson's disease. Clopidogrel, a P2Y12 antagonist, is widely used for the treatment of thrombosis and stroke, blocking P2Y12 receptor-mediated platelet aggregation. Diquafosol, a long acting P2Y2 receptor agonist, is being used for the treatment of dry eye. P2X3 receptor antagonists have been developed that are orally bioavailable and stable in vivo and are currently in clinical trials for the treatment of chronic cough, bladder incontinence, visceral pain and hypertension. Antagonists to P2X7 receptors are being investigated for the treatment of inflammatory disorders, including neurodegenerative diseases. Other investigations are in progress for the use of purinergic agents for the treatment of osteoporosis, myocardial infarction, irritable bowel syndrome, epilepsy, atherosclerosis, depression, autism, diabetes, and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey Burnstock
- Autonomic Neuroscience Centre, University College Medical SchoolLondon, United Kingdom
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, The University of Melbourne, MelbourneVIC, Australia
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13
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Villarejo-López L, Jiménez E, Bartolomé-Martín D, Zafra F, Lapunzina P, Aragón C, López-Corcuera B. P2X receptors up-regulate the cell-surface expression of the neuronal glycine transporter GlyT2. Neuropharmacology 2017; 125:99-116. [PMID: 28734869 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2017.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Revised: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Glycinergic inhibitory neurons of the spinal dorsal horn exert critical control over the conduction of nociceptive signals to higher brain areas. The neuronal glycine transporter 2 (GlyT2) is involved in the recycling of synaptic glycine from the inhibitory synaptic cleft and its activity modulates intra and extracellular glycine concentrations. In this report we show that the stimulation of P2X purinergic receptors with βγ-methylene adenosine 5'-triphosphate induces the up-regulation of GlyT2 transport activity by increasing total and plasma membrane expression and reducing transporter ubiquitination. We identified the receptor subtypes involved by combining pharmacological approaches, siRNA-mediated protein knockdown, and dorsal root ganglion cell enrichment in brainstem and spinal cord primary cultures. Up-regulation of GlyT2 required the combined stimulation of homomeric P2X3 and P2X2 receptors or heteromeric P2X2/3 receptors. We measured the spontaneous glycinergic currents, glycine release and GlyT2 uptake concurrently in response to P2X receptor agonists, and showed that the impact of P2X3 receptor activation on glycinergic neurotransmission involves the modulation of GlyT2 expression or activity. The recognized pro-nociceptive action of P2X3 receptors suggests that the fine-tuning of GlyT2 activity may have consequences in nociceptive signal conduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Villarejo-López
- Departamento de Biología Molecular and Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa", Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Esperanza Jiménez
- Departamento de Biología Molecular and Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa", Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain; IdiPAZ-Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
| | - David Bartolomé-Martín
- Departamento de Biología Molecular and Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa", Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Zafra
- Departamento de Biología Molecular and Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa", Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain; IdiPAZ-Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo Lapunzina
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Genética Médica y Molecular, IdiPAZ-Hospital Universitario La Paz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid 28046, Spain
| | - Carmen Aragón
- Departamento de Biología Molecular and Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa", Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain; IdiPAZ-Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz López-Corcuera
- Departamento de Biología Molecular and Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa", Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain; IdiPAZ-Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain.
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14
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Ishchenko Y, Shakirzyanova A, Giniatullina R, Skorinkin A, Bart G, Turhanen P, Määttä JA, Mönkkönen J, Giniatullin R. Selective Calcium-Dependent Inhibition of ATP-Gated P2X3 Receptors by Bisphosphonate-Induced Endogenous ATP Analog ApppI. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2017; 361:472-481. [PMID: 28404687 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.116.238840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Pain is the most unbearable symptom accompanying primary bone cancers and bone metastases. Bone resorptive disorders are often associated with hypercalcemia, contributing to the pathologic process. Nitrogen-containing bisphosphonates (NBPs) are efficiently used to treat bone cancers and metastases. Apart from their toxic effect on cancer cells, NBPs also provide analgesia via poorly understood mechanisms. We previously showed that NBPs, by inhibiting the mevalonate pathway, induced formation of novel ATP analogs such as ApppI [1-adenosin-5'-yl ester 3-(3-methylbut-3-enyl) triphosphoric acid diester], which can potentially be involved in NBP analgesia. In this study, we used the patch-clamp technique to explore the action of ApppI on native ATP-gated P2X receptors in rat sensory neurons and rat and human P2X3, P2X2, and P2X7 receptors expressed in human embryonic kidney cells. We found that although ApppI has weak agonist activity, it is a potent inhibitor of P2X3 receptors operating in the nanomolar range. The inhibitory action of ApppI was completely blocked in hypercalcemia-like conditions and was stronger in human than in rat P2X3 receptors. In contrast, P2X2 and P2X7 receptors were insensitive to ApppI, suggesting a high selectivity of ApppI for the P2X3 receptor subtype. NBP, metabolite isopentenyl pyrophosphate, and endogenous AMP did not exert any inhibitory action, indicating that only intact ApppI has inhibitory activity. Ca2+-dependent inhibition was stronger in trigeminal neurons preferentially expressing desensitizing P2X3 subunits than in nodose ganglia neurons, which also express nondesensitizing P2X2 subunits. Altogether, we characterized previously unknown purinergic mechanisms of NBP-induced metabolites and suggest ApppI as the endogenous pain inhibitor contributing to cancer treatment with NBPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yevheniia Ishchenko
- A. I. Virtanen Institute (Y.I., A.Sh., Rai.G., G.B., Ras.G.) and School of Pharmacy (P.T., J. M.), University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Kazan, Russia (A.Sh., A.Sk.); Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland (J.A.M.); and Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia (A.Sh., A.Sk., R.Gas.)
| | - Anastasia Shakirzyanova
- A. I. Virtanen Institute (Y.I., A.Sh., Rai.G., G.B., Ras.G.) and School of Pharmacy (P.T., J. M.), University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Kazan, Russia (A.Sh., A.Sk.); Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland (J.A.M.); and Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia (A.Sh., A.Sk., R.Gas.)
| | - Raisa Giniatullina
- A. I. Virtanen Institute (Y.I., A.Sh., Rai.G., G.B., Ras.G.) and School of Pharmacy (P.T., J. M.), University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Kazan, Russia (A.Sh., A.Sk.); Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland (J.A.M.); and Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia (A.Sh., A.Sk., R.Gas.)
| | - Andrei Skorinkin
- A. I. Virtanen Institute (Y.I., A.Sh., Rai.G., G.B., Ras.G.) and School of Pharmacy (P.T., J. M.), University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Kazan, Russia (A.Sh., A.Sk.); Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland (J.A.M.); and Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia (A.Sh., A.Sk., R.Gas.)
| | - Genevieve Bart
- A. I. Virtanen Institute (Y.I., A.Sh., Rai.G., G.B., Ras.G.) and School of Pharmacy (P.T., J. M.), University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Kazan, Russia (A.Sh., A.Sk.); Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland (J.A.M.); and Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia (A.Sh., A.Sk., R.Gas.)
| | - Petri Turhanen
- A. I. Virtanen Institute (Y.I., A.Sh., Rai.G., G.B., Ras.G.) and School of Pharmacy (P.T., J. M.), University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Kazan, Russia (A.Sh., A.Sk.); Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland (J.A.M.); and Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia (A.Sh., A.Sk., R.Gas.)
| | - Jorma A Määttä
- A. I. Virtanen Institute (Y.I., A.Sh., Rai.G., G.B., Ras.G.) and School of Pharmacy (P.T., J. M.), University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Kazan, Russia (A.Sh., A.Sk.); Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland (J.A.M.); and Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia (A.Sh., A.Sk., R.Gas.)
| | - Jukka Mönkkönen
- A. I. Virtanen Institute (Y.I., A.Sh., Rai.G., G.B., Ras.G.) and School of Pharmacy (P.T., J. M.), University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Kazan, Russia (A.Sh., A.Sk.); Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland (J.A.M.); and Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia (A.Sh., A.Sk., R.Gas.)
| | - Rashid Giniatullin
- A. I. Virtanen Institute (Y.I., A.Sh., Rai.G., G.B., Ras.G.) and School of Pharmacy (P.T., J. M.), University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Kazan, Russia (A.Sh., A.Sk.); Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland (J.A.M.); and Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia (A.Sh., A.Sk., R.Gas.)
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15
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He YQ, Lang XQ, Lin L, Ji L, Yuan XY, Chen Q, Ran YM, Chen HS, Li L, Wang JM, Wang ZG, Gregersen H, Zou DW, Liang HP, Yang M. P2X3 receptor-mediated visceral hyperalgesia and neuronal sensitization following exposure to PTSD-like stress in the dorsal root ganglia of rats. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2017; 29. [PMID: 27781340 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.12976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) often share co-morbidity with chronic pain conditions. Recent studies suggest a role of P2X3 receptors and ATP signaling in pain conditions. However, the underlying mechanisms of visceral hyperalgesia following exposure to PTSD-like stress conditions remain unclarified. METHODS The behavior and hormones relevant for PTSD were studied. Visceromotor responses (VMR) and the abdominal withdrawal reflexes (AWR) to colorectal distention (CRD) were recorded to determine P2X3-receptor-mediated alteration of hyperalgesia following single-prolonged stress (SPS) exposure. Immunofluorescence, Western blotting, and patch-clamp were used. KEY RESULTS The escape latency, adrenocorticotropic hormone and cortisol were increased on days 7-14. Visceromotor responses and AWR was reduced at day 1 in SPS rats but increased to higher levels than in controls after exposure to day 7. Intrathecal administration of the P2X3-receptor antagonist TNP-ATP abolished the CRD response. Based on immunofluorescence and Western blotting analysis, SPS-treated rats exhibited reduced P2X3 expression in dorsal root ganglia (DRG) after day 1 compared with controls. P2X3 expression in DRG was enhanced on day 7 after SPS and the increase of the P2X3 expression was maintained on day 14 and 21 compared with controls. The P2X3-receptor agonist α,β-me ATP (10 μM) induced a fast desensitizing inward current in DRG neurons of both control and SPS-treated rats. The average peak current densities in SPS-treated group were increased 3.6-fold. TNP-ATP (100 nM) markedly blocked all fast α,β-me ATP-induced inward currents in the DRG neurons both in control and SPS-treated rats. CONCLUSIONS & INFERENCES The data indicate an important role of P2X3 signaling in visceral hyperalgesia following PTSD-like stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y-Q He
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Department of Gastroenterology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - X-Q Lang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Department of Gastroenterology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - L Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Department of Gastroenterology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - L Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Department of Gastroenterology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - X-Y Yuan
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Ninth People's Hospital of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Q Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Department of Gastroenterology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Y-M Ran
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Department of Gastroenterology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - H-S Chen
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medical Research in Cognitive Development and Learning and Memory Disorders, Chongqing, China
| | - L Li
- Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - J-M Wang
- Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Z-G Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Department of Gastroenterology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - H Gregersen
- GIOME and the Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - D-W Zou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - H-P Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Department of Gastroenterology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - M Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Department of Gastroenterology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
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16
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Kilinc E, Guerrero-Toro C, Zakharov A, Vitale C, Gubert-Olive M, Koroleva K, Timonina A, Luz LL, Shelukhina I, Giniatullina R, Tore F, Safronov BV, Giniatullin R. Serotonergic mechanisms of trigeminal meningeal nociception: Implications for migraine pain. Neuropharmacology 2016; 116:160-173. [PMID: 28025094 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2016.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Revised: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Serotonergic mechanisms play a central role in migraine pathology. However, the region-specific effects of serotonin (5-HT) mediated via multiple types of receptors in the nociceptive system are poorly understood. Using extracellular and patch-clamp recordings, we studied the action of 5-HT on the excitability of peripheral and central terminals of trigeminal afferents. 5-HT evoked long-lasting TTX-sensitive firing in the peripheral terminals of meningeal afferents, the origin site of migraine pain. Cluster analysis revealed that in majority of nociceptive fibers 5-HT induced either transient or persistent spiking activity with prevailing delta and theta rhythms. The 5-HT3-receptor antagonist MDL-72222 or 5-HT1B/D-receptor antagonist GR127935 largely reduced, but their combination completely prevented the excitatory pro-nociceptive action of 5-HT. The 5-HT3 agonist mCPBG activated spikes in MDL-72222-dependent manner but the 5HT-1 receptor agonist sumatriptan did not affect the nociceptive firing. 5-HT also triggered peripheral CGRP release in meninges, which was blocked by MDL-72222.5-HT evoked fast membrane currents and Ca2+ transients in a fraction of trigeminal neurons. Immunohistochemistry showed expression of 5-HT3A receptors in fibers innervating meninges. Endogenous release of 5-HT from degranulated mast cells increased nociceptive firing. Low pH but not histamine strongly activated firing. 5-HT reduced monosynaptic inputs from trigeminal Aδ- and C-afferents to the upper cervical lamina I neurons and this effect was blocked by MDL-72222. Consistent with central inhibitory effect, 5-HT reduced CGRP release in the brainstem slices. In conclusion, 5-HT evokes powerful pro-nociceptive peripheral and anti-nociceptive central effects in trigeminal system transmitting migraine pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erkan Kilinc
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70211, Kuopio, Finland; Abant Izzet Baysal University, Medical Faculty, Department of Physiology, 14280, Bolu, Turkey.
| | - Cindy Guerrero-Toro
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70211, Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Andrey Zakharov
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Kazan Federal University, 420008, Kazan, Russia; Department of Physiology, Kazan State Medical University, 420012, Kazan, Russia.
| | - Carmela Vitale
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70211, Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Max Gubert-Olive
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70211, Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Ksenia Koroleva
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70211, Kuopio, Finland; Laboratory of Neurobiology, Kazan Federal University, 420008, Kazan, Russia
| | - Arina Timonina
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Liliana L Luz
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Irina Shelukhina
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70211, Kuopio, Finland; Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, 117997, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Raisa Giniatullina
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70211, Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Fatma Tore
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70211, Kuopio, Finland; Biruni University, School of Medicine, 34010, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Boris V Safronov
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal; Neuronal Networks Group, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Universidade do Porto, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Rashid Giniatullin
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70211, Kuopio, Finland; Laboratory of Neurobiology, Kazan Federal University, 420008, Kazan, Russia.
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17
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Abushik PA, Bart G, Korhonen P, Leinonen H, Giniatullina R, Sibarov DA, Levonen AL, Malm T, Antonov SM, Giniatullin R. Pro-nociceptive migraine mediator CGRP provides neuroprotection of sensory, cortical and cerebellar neurons via multi-kinase signaling. Cephalalgia 2016; 37:1373-1383. [PMID: 27884929 DOI: 10.1177/0333102416681588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background Blocking the pro-nociceptive action of CGRP is one of the most promising approaches for migraine prophylaxis. The aim of this study was to explore a role for CGRP as a neuroprotective agent for central and peripheral neurons. Methods The viability of isolated rat trigeminal, cortical and cerebellar neurons was tested by fluorescence vital assay. Engagement of Nrf2 target genes was analyzed by qPCR. The neuroprotective efficacy of CGRP in vivo was tested in mice using a permanent cerebral ischemia model. Results CGRP prevented apoptosis induced by the amino acid homocysteine in all three distinct neuronal populations. Using a set of specific kinase inhibitors, we show the role of multi-kinase signaling pathways involving PKA and CaMKII in neuronal survival. Forskolin triggered a very similar signaling cascade, suggesting that cAMP is the main upstream trigger for multi-kinase neuroprotection. The specific CGRP antagonist BIBN4096 reduced cellular viability, lending further support to the proposed neuroprotective function of CGRP. Importantly, CGRP was neuroprotective against permanent ischemia in mice. Conclusion Our data show an unexpected 'positive' role for the endogenous pro-nociceptive migraine mediator CGRP, suggesting more careful examination of migraine prophylaxis strategy based on CGRP antagonism although it should be noted that homocysteine induced apoptosis in primary neuronal cell culture might not necessarily reproduce all the features of cell loss in the living organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Polina A Abushik
- 1 Department of Neurobiology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,2 Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Laboratory of Comparative Neurophysiology, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Geneviève Bart
- 1 Department of Neurobiology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Paula Korhonen
- 1 Department of Neurobiology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Hanna Leinonen
- 3 Department of Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Raisa Giniatullina
- 1 Department of Neurobiology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Dmitry A Sibarov
- 2 Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Laboratory of Comparative Neurophysiology, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Anna-Liisa Levonen
- 3 Department of Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Tarja Malm
- 1 Department of Neurobiology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Sergei M Antonov
- 2 Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Laboratory of Comparative Neurophysiology, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Rashid Giniatullin
- 1 Department of Neurobiology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,4 Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Physiology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
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18
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Yegutkin GG, Guerrero-Toro C, Kilinc E, Koroleva K, Ishchenko Y, Abushik P, Giniatullina R, Fayuk D, Giniatullin R. Nucleotide homeostasis and purinergic nociceptive signaling in rat meninges in migraine-like conditions. Purinergic Signal 2016; 12:561-74. [PMID: 27369815 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-016-9521-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular ATP is suspected to contribute to migraine pain but regulatory mechanisms controlling pro-nociceptive purinergic mechanisms in the meninges remain unknown. We studied the peculiarities of metabolic and signaling pathways of ATP and its downstream metabolites in rat meninges and in cultured trigeminal cells exposed to the migraine mediator calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP). Under resting conditions, meningeal ATP and ADP remained at low nanomolar levels, whereas extracellular AMP and adenosine concentrations were one-two orders higher. CGRP increased ATP and ADP levels in meninges and trigeminal cultures and reduced adenosine concentration in trigeminal cells. Degradation rates for exogenous nucleotides remained similar in control and CGRP-treated meninges, indicating that CGRP triggers nucleotide release without affecting nucleotide-inactivating pathways. Lead nitrate-based enzyme histochemistry of whole mount meninges revealed the presence of high ATPase, ADPase, and AMPase activities, primarily localized in the medial meningeal artery. ATP and ADP induced large intracellular Ca(2+) transients both in neurons and in glial cells whereas AMP and adenosine were ineffective. In trigeminal glia, ATP partially operated via P2X7 receptors. ATP, but not other nucleotides, activated nociceptive spikes in meningeal trigeminal nerve fibers providing a rationale for high degradation rate of pro-nociceptive ATP. Pro-nociceptive effect of ATP in meningeal nerves was reproduced by α,β-meATP operating via P2X3 receptors. Collectively, extracellular ATP, which level is controlled by CGRP, can persistently activate trigeminal nerves in meninges which considered as the origin site of migraine headache. These data are consistent with the purinergic hypothesis of migraine pain and suggest new targets against trigeminal pain.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cindy Guerrero-Toro
- Department of Neurobiology, A.I.Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Neulaniementie 2, P.O. Box 1627, 70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Erkan Kilinc
- Department of Neurobiology, A.I.Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Neulaniementie 2, P.O. Box 1627, 70211, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Physiology, Medical Faculty, Abant Izzet Baysal University, Bolu, Turkey
| | - Kseniya Koroleva
- Department of Neurobiology, A.I.Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Neulaniementie 2, P.O. Box 1627, 70211, Kuopio, Finland
- Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Yevheniia Ishchenko
- Department of Neurobiology, A.I.Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Neulaniementie 2, P.O. Box 1627, 70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Polina Abushik
- Department of Neurobiology, A.I.Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Neulaniementie 2, P.O. Box 1627, 70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Raisa Giniatullina
- Department of Neurobiology, A.I.Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Neulaniementie 2, P.O. Box 1627, 70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Dmitriy Fayuk
- Department of Neurobiology, A.I.Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Neulaniementie 2, P.O. Box 1627, 70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Rashid Giniatullin
- Department of Neurobiology, A.I.Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Neulaniementie 2, P.O. Box 1627, 70211, Kuopio, Finland.
- Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia.
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Marchenkova A, van den Maagdenberg AMJM, Nistri A. Loss of inhibition by brain natriuretic peptide over P2X3 receptors contributes to enhanced spike firing of trigeminal ganglion neurons in a mouse model of familial hemiplegic migraine type-1. Neuroscience 2016; 331:197-205. [PMID: 27346147 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.06.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Revised: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Purinergic P2X3 receptors (P2X3Rs) play an important role in pain pathologies, including migraine. In trigeminal neurons, P2X3Rs are constitutively downregulated by endogenous brain natriuretic peptide (BNP). In a mouse knock-in (KI) model of familial hemiplegic migraine type-1 with upregulated calcium CaV2.1 channel function, trigeminal neurons exhibit hyperexcitability with gain-of-function of P2X3Rs and their deficient BNP-mediated inhibition. We studied whether the absent BNP-induced control over P2X3Rs activity in KI cultures may be functionally expressed in altered firing activity of KI trigeminal neurons. Patch-clamp experiments investigated the excitability of wild-type and KI trigeminal neurons induced by either current or agonists for P2X3Rs or transient receptor potential vanilloid-1 (TRPV1) receptors. Consistent with the constitutive inhibition of P2X3Rs by BNP, sustained pharmacological block of BNP receptors selectively enhanced P2X3R-mediated excitability of wild-type neurons without affecting firing evoked by the other protocols. This effect included increased number of action potentials, lower spike threshold and shift of the firing pattern distribution toward higher spiking activity. Thus, inactivation of BNP signaling transformed the wild-type excitability phenotype into the one typical for KI. BNP receptor block did not influence excitability of KI neurons in accordance with the lack of BNP-induced P2X3R modulation. Our study suggests that, in wild-type trigeminal neurons, negative control over P2X3Rs by the BNP pathway is translated into tonic suppression of P2X3Rs-mediated excitability. Lack of this inhibition in KI cultures results in a hyperexcitability phenotype and might contribute to facilitated trigeminal pain transduction relevant for migraine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Marchenkova
- Neuroscience Department, International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA), Via Bonomea 265, 34136 Trieste, Italy.
| | - Arn M J M van den Maagdenberg
- Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, Netherlands; Department of Human Genetics, University Medical Centre, Leiden, Netherlands.
| | - Andrea Nistri
- Neuroscience Department, International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA), Via Bonomea 265, 34136 Trieste, Italy.
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20
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St-Jacques B, Ma W. Preferred recycling pathway by internalized PGE2 EP4 receptor following agonist stimulation in cultured dorsal root ganglion neurons contributes to enhanced EP4 receptor sensitivity. Neuroscience 2016; 326:56-68. [PMID: 27060485 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Revised: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/02/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), a well-known pain mediator abundantly produced in injured tissues, sensitizes nociceptive dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons (nociceptors) through its four EP receptors (EP1-4). Our prior study showed that PGE2 or EP4 agonist stimulates EP4 externalization and this event was not only suppressed by the inhibitor of anterograde export, but also by the recycling inhibitor (St-Jacques and Ma, 2013). These data suggest that EP4 recycling also contributes to agonist-enhanced EP4 surface abundance. In the current study, we tested this hypothesis using antibody-feeding-based internalization assay, recycling assay and FITC-PGE2 binding assay. We observed that selective EP4 agonist 1-hydroxy-PGE1 (1-OH-PGE1) or CAY10850 time- and concentration-dependently increased EP4 internalization in cultured DRG neuron. Internalized EP4 was predominantly localized in the early endosomes and recycling endosomes, but rarely in the late endosomes and lysosomes. These observations were confirmed by FITC-PGE2 binding assay. We further revealed that 1-OH-PGE1 or CAY10850 time- and concentration-dependently increased EP4 recycling. Double exposures to 1-OH-PGE1 induced a greater increase in calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) release than a single exposure or vehicle exposure, an event blocked by pre-treatment with the recycling inhibitor monensin. Our data suggest that EP4 recycling contributes to agonist-induced cell surface abundance and consequently enhanced receptor sensitivity. Facilitating EP4 externalization and recycling is a novel mechanism underlying PGE2-induced nociceptor sensitization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno St-Jacques
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Weiya Ma
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H4H 1R3, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H4H 1R3, Canada.
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Stephan G, Kowalski-Jahn M, Zens C, Schmalzing G, Illes P, Hausmann R. Inter-subunit disulfide locking of the human P2X3 receptor elucidates ectodomain movements associated with channel gating. Purinergic Signal 2016; 12:221-33. [PMID: 26825305 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-016-9496-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
P2X3 receptors (P2X3R) are trimeric ATP-gated cation channels involved in sensory neurotransmission and inflammatory pain. We used homology modeling and molecular dynamic simulations of the hP2X3R to identify inter-subunit interactions of residues that are instrumental to elucidate conformational changes associated with gating of the hPX3R. We identified an ionic interaction between E112 and R198 of the head domain and dorsal fin domain, respectively, and E57 and T263 of the lower body domains of adjacent subunits and detected a marked rearrangement of these domains during gating of the hP3X3R. Double-mutant cycle analysis of the inter-subunit residue pairs E112/R198 and E57/T263 revealed significant interaction-free energies. Disulfide locking of the hP2X3R E112C/R198C or the E57C/T263C double cysteine mutants markedly reduced the ATP-induced current responses. The decreased current amplitude following inter-subunit disulfide cross-linking indicates that disulfide locking of the head and dorsal fin domains or at the level of the lower body domains of the hP2X3R prevents the gating-induced conformational rearrangement of the subunits with respect to each other. The distinct reorganization of the subunit interfaces during gating of the hP2X3R is generally consistent with the gating mechanism of other P2XRs. Charge-reversal mutagenesis and methanethiosulfonate (MTS)-modification of substituted cysteines demonstrated that E112 and R198 interact electrostatically. Both disulfide locking and salt bridge breaking of the E112/R198 interaction reduced the hP2X3R function. We conclude that the inter-subunit salt bridge between E112 and R198 of the head and dorsal fin domains, respectively, serves to control the mobility of these domains during agonist-activation of the hP2X3R.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Stephan
- Rudolf Boehm Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Leipzig, Haertelstrasse 16-18, 04107, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Maria Kowalski-Jahn
- Rudolf Boehm Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Leipzig, Haertelstrasse 16-18, 04107, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christopher Zens
- Rudolf Boehm Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Leipzig, Haertelstrasse 16-18, 04107, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Günther Schmalzing
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, RWTH Aachen University, Wendlingweg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Peter Illes
- Rudolf Boehm Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Leipzig, Haertelstrasse 16-18, 04107, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Ralf Hausmann
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, RWTH Aachen University, Wendlingweg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
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Marchenkova A, Vilotti S, Fabbretti E, Nistri A. Brain natriuretic peptide constitutively downregulates P2X3 receptors by controlling their phosphorylation state and membrane localization. Mol Pain 2015; 11:71. [PMID: 26576636 PMCID: PMC4650943 DOI: 10.1186/s12990-015-0074-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND ATP-gated P2X3 receptors are important transducers of nociceptive stimuli and are almost exclusively expressed by sensory ganglion neurons. In mouse trigeminal ganglion (TG), P2X3 receptor function is unexpectedly enhanced by pharmacological block of natriuretic peptide receptor-A (NPR-A), outlining a potential inhibitory role of endogenous natriuretic peptides in nociception mediated by P2X3 receptors. Lack of change in P2X3 protein expression indicates a complex modulation whose mechanisms for downregulating P2X3 receptor function remain unclear. RESULTS To clarify this process in mouse TG cultures, we suppressed NPR-A signaling with either siRNA of the endogenous agonist BNP, or the NPR-A blocker anantin. Thus, we investigated changes in P2X3 receptor distribution in the lipid raft membrane compartment, their phosphorylation state, as well as their function with patch clamping. Delayed onset of P2X3 desensitization was one mechanism for the anantin-induced enhancement of P2X3 activity. Anantin application caused preferential P2X3 receptor redistribution to the lipid raft compartment and decreased P2X3 serine phosphorylation, two phenomena that were not interdependent. An inhibitor of cGMP-dependent protein kinase and siRNA-mediated knockdown of BNP mimicked the effect of anantin. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated that in mouse trigeminal neurons endogenous BNP acts on NPR-A receptors to determine constitutive depression of P2X3 receptor function. Tonic inhibition of P2X3 receptor activity by BNP/NPR-A/PKG pathways occurs via two distinct mechanisms: P2X3 serine phosphorylation and receptor redistribution to non-raft membrane compartments. This novel mechanism of receptor control might be a target for future studies aiming at decreasing dysregulated P2X3 receptor activity in chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Marchenkova
- Neuroscience Department, International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA), Via Bonomea 265, 34136, Trieste, Italy.
| | - Sandra Vilotti
- Neuroscience Department, International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA), Via Bonomea 265, 34136, Trieste, Italy.
| | - Elsa Fabbretti
- Center for Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, University of Nova Gorica, 5000, Nova Gorica, Slovenia.
| | - Andrea Nistri
- Neuroscience Department, International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA), Via Bonomea 265, 34136, Trieste, Italy.
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Abstract
There is a brief introductory summary of purinergic signaling involving ATP storage, release, and ectoenzymatic breakdown, and the current classification of receptor subtypes for purines and pyrimidines. The review then describes purinergic mechanosensory transduction involved in visceral, cutaneous, and musculoskeletal nociception and on the roles played by receptor subtypes in neuropathic and inflammatory pain. Multiple purinoceptor subtypes are involved in pain pathways both as an initiator and modulator. Activation of homomeric P2X3 receptors contributes to acute nociception and activation of heteromeric P2X2/3 receptors appears to modulate longer-lasting nociceptive sensitivity associated with nerve injury or chronic inflammation. In neuropathic pain activation of P2X4, P2X7, and P2Y12 receptors on microglia may serve to maintain nociceptive sensitivity through complex neural-glial cell interactions and antagonists to these receptors reduce neuropathic pain. Potential therapeutic approaches involving purinergic mechanisms will be discussed.
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24
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Emerging role of P2X7 receptors in CNS health and disease. Ageing Res Rev 2015; 24:328-42. [PMID: 26478005 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2015.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Purinergic signalling in the brain is becoming an important focus in the study of CNS health and disease. Various purinergic receptors are found to be present in different brain cells in varying extent, which get activated upon binding of ATP or its analogues. Conventionally, ATP was considered only as a major metabolic fuel of the cell but its recognition as a neurotransmitter in early 1970s, brought meaningful insights in neuron glia crosstalk, participating in various physiological functions in the brain. P2X7R, a member of ligand gated purinergic receptor (P2X) family, is gaining attention in the field of neuroscience because of its emerging role in broad spectrum of ageing and age related neurological disorders. The aim of this review is to provide an overview about the structure and function of P2X7R highlighting its unique features which distinguish it from the other members of its family. This review critically analyzes the literature mentioning the details about the agonist and antagonist of the P2X7R. It also emphasizes the advancements in understanding the dual role of P2X7R in brain development and disorders inviting meaningful insights about its involvement in Alzheimer's disease, Huntington's disease, Multiple Sclerosis, Neuropathic pain, Spinal Cord Injury and NeuroAIDS. Exploring the roles of P2X7R in detail is critical to identify its therapeutic potential in the treatment of acute and chronic neurodegenerative diseases. Moreover, this review also helps to raise more interest in the neurobiology of the purinergic receptors and thus providing new avenues for future research.
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25
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Teichert RW, Schmidt EW, Olivera BM. Constellation pharmacology: a new paradigm for drug discovery. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 2015; 55:573-89. [PMID: 25562646 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-010814-124551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Constellation pharmacology is a cell-based high-content phenotypic-screening platform that utilizes subtype-selective pharmacological agents to elucidate the cell-specific combinations (constellations) of key signaling proteins that define specific cell types. Heterogeneous populations of native cells, in which the different individual cell types have been identified and characterized, are the foundation for this screening platform. Constellation pharmacology is useful for screening small molecules or for deconvoluting complex mixtures of biologically active natural products. This platform has been used to purify natural products and discover their molecular mechanisms. In the ongoing development of constellation pharmacology, there is a positive feedback loop between the pharmacological characterization of cell types and screening for new drug candidates. As constellation pharmacology is used to discover compounds with novel targeting-selectivity profiles, those new compounds then further help to elucidate the constellations of specific cell types, thereby increasing the content of this high-content platform.
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26
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Habermacher C, Dunning K, Chataigneau T, Grutter T. Molecular structure and function of P2X receptors. Neuropharmacology 2015; 104:18-30. [PMID: 26231831 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2015.07.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Revised: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 07/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
ATP-gated P2X receptors are trimeric ion channels selective to cations. Recent progress in the molecular biophysics of these channels enables a better understanding of their function. In particular, data obtained from biochemical, electrophysiogical and molecular engineering in the light of recent X-ray structures now allow delineation of the principles of ligand binding, channel opening and allosteric modulation. However, although a picture emerges as to how ATP triggers channel opening, there are a number of intriguing questions that remain to be answered, in particular how the pore itself opens in response to ATP and how the intracellular domain, for which structural information is limited, moves during activation. In this review, we provide a summary of functional studies in the context of the post-structure era, aiming to clarify our understanding of the way in which P2X receptors function in response to ATP binding, as well as the mechanism by which allosteric modulators are able to regulate receptor function. This article is part of the Special Issue entitled 'Purines in Neurodegeneration and Neuroregeneration'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloé Habermacher
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7199, Laboratoire de Conception et Application de Molécules Bioactives, Équipe de Chimie et Neurobiologie Moléculaire, F-67400, Illkirch, France; Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Pharmacie, F-67400, Illkirch, France
| | - Kate Dunning
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7199, Laboratoire de Conception et Application de Molécules Bioactives, Équipe de Chimie et Neurobiologie Moléculaire, F-67400, Illkirch, France; Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Pharmacie, F-67400, Illkirch, France
| | - Thierry Chataigneau
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7199, Laboratoire de Conception et Application de Molécules Bioactives, Équipe de Chimie et Neurobiologie Moléculaire, F-67400, Illkirch, France; Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Pharmacie, F-67400, Illkirch, France
| | - Thomas Grutter
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7199, Laboratoire de Conception et Application de Molécules Bioactives, Équipe de Chimie et Neurobiologie Moléculaire, F-67400, Illkirch, France; Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Pharmacie, F-67400, Illkirch, France.
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27
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Pirt reduces bladder overactivity by inhibiting purinergic receptor P2X3. Nat Commun 2015; 6:7650. [PMID: 26151598 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms8650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Pirt is a transmembrane protein predominantly expressed in peripheral neurons. However, the physiological and pathological roles of Pirt in hollow viscus are largely unknown. Here we show that Pirt deficiency in mice causes bladder overactivity. The density of α,β-meATP-induced currents is significantly reinforced in Pirt-deficient dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons. Pirt and P2X3 receptor co-localize in bladder nerve fibres and heterologous Pirt expression significantly reduces P2X3-mediated currents. Pirt interacts with P2X3 through the N-terminal 14 amino-acid residues. TAT-conjugated Pirt(N14) peptide (Pirt(N14)) is sufficient to inhibit P2X3 activation in bladder DRG neurons and to alleviate bladder overactivity in Pirt(-/-) mice. Pirt expression is decreased in the bladder of cyclophosphamide (CYP)-treated mice, a commonly used model of bladder overactivity. Importantly, Pirt(N14) administration reduces the frequency of bladder voiding and restores the voided volume of CYP-treated mice. Therefore, our results demonstrate that Pirt is an endogenous regulator of P2X3 in bladder function.
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28
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Weng ZJ, Wu LY, Zhou CL, Dou CZ, Shi Y, Liu HR, Wu HG. Effect of electroacupuncture on P2X3 receptor regulation in the peripheral and central nervous systems of rats with visceral pain caused by irritable bowel syndrome. Purinergic Signal 2015; 11:321-9. [PMID: 25809868 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-015-9447-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study is to investigate the role of the purinergic receptor P2X3 in the peripheral and central nervous systems during acupuncture treatment for the visceral pain of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). A total of 24 8-day-old Sprague-Dawley (SD) neonatal male rats (SPF grade) were stimulated using colorectal distention (CRD) when the rats were awake. The modeling lasted for 2 weeks with one stimulation per day. After 6 weeks, the rats were randomly divided into three groups of eight each: (1) the normal group (NG, n = 8); (2) the model group (MG, n = 8); and (3) the model + electroacupuncture group (EA, n = 8) that received electroacupuncture at a needling depth of 5 mm at the Shangjuxu (ST37, bilateral) and Tianshu (ST25, bilateral) acupoints. The parameters of the Han's acupoint nerve stimulator (HANS) were as follows: sparse-dense wave with a frequency of 2/100 Hz, current of 2 mA, 20 min/stimulation, and one stimulation per day; the treatment was provided for seven consecutive days. At the sixth week after the treatment, the abdominal withdrawal reflex (AWR) score was determined; immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry were used to measure the expression of the P2X3 receptor in myenteric plexus neurons, prefrontal cortex, and anterior cingulate cortex; and, a real-time PCR assay was performed to measure the expression of P2X3 messenger RNA (mRNA) in the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) and spinal cord. After stimulation with CRD, the expression levels of the P2X3 receptor in the inter-colonic myenteric plexus, DRG, spinal cord, prefrontal cortex, and anterior cingulate cortex were upregulated, and the sensitivity of the rats to IBS visceral pain was increased. Electroacupuncture (EA) could downregulate the expression of the P2X3 receptor and ease the sensitivity to visceral pain. The P2X3 receptor plays an important role in IBS visceral pain. The different levels of P2X3 in the peripheral enteric nervous system and central nervous system mediate the effects of the EA treatment of the visceral hyperalgesia of IBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z J Weng
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Immunological Effects, Shanghai Research Institute of Acupuncture and Meridian, 650 South Wanping Road, Shanghai, 200030, China
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Burnstock G, Nistri A, Khakh BS, Giniatullin R. ATP-gated P2X receptors in health and disease. Front Cell Neurosci 2014; 8:204. [PMID: 25104924 PMCID: PMC4109572 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2014.00204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2014] [Accepted: 07/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey Burnstock
- Division of Biosciences, Autonomic Neuroscience Centre, University College Medical School London, UK ; Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, The University of Melbourne Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Andrea Nistri
- Neuroscience Department, International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA) Trieste, Italy
| | - Baljit S Khakh
- Department of Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Rashid Giniatullin
- Department Neurobiology, A. I. Virtanen Institute, University of Eastern Finland Kuopio, Finland ; Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Physiology, Kazan Federal University Kazan, Russia
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