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Orav E, Kokinovic B, Teppola H, Siimon M, Lauri SE, Hartung H. Arginine vasopressin activates serotonergic neurons in the dorsal raphe nucleus during neonatal development in vitro and in vivo. Neuropharmacology 2024; 258:110068. [PMID: 38996832 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2024.110068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
Birth stress is a risk factor for psychiatric disorders and associated with exaggerated release of the stress hormone arginine vasopressin (AVP) into circulation and in the brain. In perinatal hippocampus, AVP activates GABAergic interneurons which leads to suppression of spontaneous network events and suggests a protective function of AVP on cortical networks during birth. However, the role of AVP in developing subcortical networks is not known. Here we tested the effect of AVP on the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT, serotonin) system in male and female neonatal rats, since early 5-HT homeostasis is critical for the development of cortical brain regions and emotional behaviors. We show that AVP is strongly excitatory in neonatal DRN: it increases excitatory synaptic inputs of 5-HT neurons via V1A receptors in vitro and promotes their action potential firing through a combination of its effect on glutamatergic synaptic transmission and a direct effect on the excitability of these neurons. Furthermore, we identified two major firing patterns of neonatal 5-HT neurons in vivo, tonic regular firing and low frequency oscillations of regular spike trains and confirmed that these neurons are also activated by AVP in vivo. Finally, we show that the sparse vasopressinergic innervation in neonatal DRN originates exclusively from cell groups in medial amygdala and bed nucleus of stria terminalis. Hyperactivation of the neonatal 5-HT system by AVP during birth stress may impact its own functional development and affect the maturation of cortical target regions, which may increase the risk for psychiatric conditions later on.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ester Orav
- HiLIFE Neuroscience Center, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Bojana Kokinovic
- HiLIFE Neuroscience Center, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Heidi Teppola
- HiLIFE Neuroscience Center, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Mari Siimon
- HiLIFE Neuroscience Center, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Sari E Lauri
- HiLIFE Neuroscience Center, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Henrike Hartung
- HiLIFE Neuroscience Center, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
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2
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Boyle N, Betts S, Lu H. Monoaminergic Modulation of Learning and Cognitive Function in the Prefrontal Cortex. Brain Sci 2024; 14:902. [PMID: 39335398 PMCID: PMC11429557 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci14090902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2024] [Revised: 08/09/2024] [Accepted: 09/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Extensive research has shed light on the cellular and functional underpinnings of higher cognition as influenced by the prefrontal cortex. Neurotransmitters act as key regulatory molecules within the PFC to assist with synchronizing cognitive state and arousal levels. The monoamine family of neurotransmitters, including dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine, play multifaceted roles in the cognitive processes behind learning and memory. The present review explores the organization and signaling patterns of monoamines within the PFC, as well as elucidates the numerous roles played by monoamines in learning and higher cognitive function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hui Lu
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20037, USA; (N.B.); (S.B.)
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3
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Ogelman R, Gomez Wulschner LE, Hoelscher VM, Hwang IW, Chang VN, Oh WC. Serotonin modulates excitatory synapse maturation in the developing prefrontal cortex. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1368. [PMID: 38365905 PMCID: PMC10873381 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45734-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Serotonin (5-HT) imbalances in the developing prefrontal cortex (PFC) are linked to long-term behavioral deficits. However, the synaptic mechanisms underlying 5-HT-mediated PFC development are unknown. We found that chemogenetic suppression and enhancement of 5-HT release in the PFC during the first two postnatal weeks decreased and increased the density and strength of excitatory spine synapses, respectively, on prefrontal layer 2/3 pyramidal neurons in mice. 5-HT release on single spines induced structural and functional long-term potentiation (LTP), requiring both 5-HT2A and 5-HT7 receptor signals, in a glutamatergic activity-independent manner. Notably, LTP-inducing 5-HT stimuli increased the long-term survival of newly formed spines ( ≥ 6 h) via 5-HT7 Gαs activation. Chronic treatment of mice with fluoxetine, a selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitor, during the first two weeks, but not the third week of postnatal development, increased the density and strength of excitatory synapses. The effect of fluoxetine on PFC synaptic alterations in vivo was abolished by 5-HT2A and 5-HT7 receptor antagonists. Our data describe a molecular basis of 5-HT-dependent excitatory synaptic plasticity at the level of single spines in the PFC during early postnatal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Ogelman
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Luis E Gomez Wulschner
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Victoria M Hoelscher
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - In-Wook Hwang
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Victoria N Chang
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Won Chan Oh
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.
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Janušonis S, Haiman JH, Metzler R, Vojta T. Predicting the distribution of serotonergic axons: a supercomputing simulation of reflected fractional Brownian motion in a 3D-mouse brain model. Front Comput Neurosci 2023; 17:1189853. [PMID: 37265780 PMCID: PMC10231035 DOI: 10.3389/fncom.2023.1189853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The self-organization of the brain matrix of serotonergic axons (fibers) remains an unsolved problem in neuroscience. The regional densities of this matrix have major implications for neuroplasticity, tissue regeneration, and the understanding of mental disorders, but the trajectories of its fibers are strongly stochastic and require novel conceptual and analytical approaches. In a major extension to our previous studies, we used a supercomputing simulation to model around one thousand serotonergic fibers as paths of superdiffusive fractional Brownian motion (FBM), a continuous-time stochastic process. The fibers produced long walks in a complex, three-dimensional shape based on the mouse brain and reflected at the outer (pial) and inner (ventricular) boundaries. The resultant regional densities were compared to the actual fiber densities in the corresponding neuroanatomically-defined regions. The relative densities showed strong qualitative similarities in the forebrain and midbrain, demonstrating the predictive potential of stochastic modeling in this system. The current simulation does not respect tissue heterogeneities but can be further improved with novel models of multifractional FBM. The study demonstrates that serotonergic fiber densities can be strongly influenced by the geometry of the brain, with implications for brain development, plasticity, and evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Skirmantas Janušonis
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, United States
| | - Justin H. Haiman
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, United States
| | - Ralf Metzler
- Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
- Asia Pacific Center for Theoretical Physics, Pohang, South Korea
| | - Thomas Vojta
- Department of Physics, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO, United States
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5
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Ambrogini P, Lattanzi D, Pagliarini M, Di Palma M, Sartini S, Cuppini R, Fuxe K, Borroto-Escuela DO. 5HT1AR-FGFR1 Heteroreceptor Complexes Differently Modulate GIRK Currents in the Dorsal Hippocampus and the Dorsal Raphe Serotonin Nucleus of Control Rats and of a Genetic Rat Model of Depression. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087467. [PMID: 37108630 PMCID: PMC10144171 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The midbrain raphe serotonin (5HT) neurons provide the main ascending serotonergic projection to the forebrain, including hippocampus, which has a role in the pathophysiology of depressive disorder. Serotonin 5HT1A receptor (R) activation at the soma-dendritic level of serotonergic raphe neurons and glutamatergic hippocampal pyramidal neurons leads to a decrease in neuronal firing by activation of G protein-coupled inwardly-rectifying potassium (GIRK) channels. In this raphe-hippocampal serotonin neuron system, the existence of 5HT1AR-FGFR1 heteroreceptor complexes has been proven, but the functional receptor-receptor interactions in the heterocomplexes have only been investigated in CA1 pyramidal neurons of control Sprague Dawley (SD) rats. In the current study, considering the impact of the receptor interplay in developing new antidepressant drugs, the effects of 5HT1AR-FGFR1 complex activation were investigated in hippocampal pyramidal neurons and in midbrain dorsal raphe serotonergic neurons of SD rats and of a genetic rat model of depression (the Flinders Sensitive Line (FSL) rats of SD origin) using an electrophysiological approach. The results showed that in the raphe-hippocampal 5HT system of SD rats, 5HT1AR-FGFR1 heteroreceptor activation by specific agonists reduced the ability of the 5HT1AR protomer to open the GIRK channels through the allosteric inhibitory interplay produced by the activation of the FGFR1 protomer, leading to increased neuronal firing. On the contrary, in FSL rats, FGFR1 agonist-induced inhibitory allosteric action at the 5HT1AR protomer was not able to induce this effect on GIRK channels, except in CA2 neurons where we demonstrated that the functional receptor-receptor interaction is needed for producing the effect on GIRK. In keeping with this evidence, hippocampal plasticity, evaluated as long-term potentiation induction ability in the CA1 field, was impaired by 5HT1AR activation both in SD and in FSL rats, which did not develop after combined 5HT1AR-FGFR1 heterocomplex activation in SD rats. It is therefore proposed that in the genetic FSL model of depression, there is a significant reduction in the allosteric inhibition exerted by the FGFR1 protomer on the 5HT1A protomer-mediated opening of the GIRK channels in the 5HT1AR-FGFR1 heterocomplex located in the raphe-hippocampal serotonin system. This may result in an enhanced inhibition of the dorsal raphe 5HT nerve cell and glutamatergic hippocampal CA1 pyramidal nerve cell firing, which we propose may have a role in depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Ambrogini
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Università di Urbino Carlo Bo, I-61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - Davide Lattanzi
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Università di Urbino Carlo Bo, I-61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - Marica Pagliarini
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Università di Urbino Carlo Bo, I-61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - Michael Di Palma
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Università Politecnica delle Marche, I-60121 Ancona, Italy
| | - Stefano Sartini
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Università di Urbino Carlo Bo, I-61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - Riccardo Cuppini
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Università di Urbino Carlo Bo, I-61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - Kjell Fuxe
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Dasiel Oscar Borroto-Escuela
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Human Physiology, Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaga, 29017 Malaga, Spain
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6
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Aby F, Lorenzo LE, Grivet Z, Bouali-Benazzouz R, Martin H, Valerio S, Whitestone S, Isabel D, Idi W, Bouchatta O, De Deurwaerdere P, Godin AG, Herry C, Fioramonti X, Landry M, De Koninck Y, Fossat P. Switch of serotonergic descending inhibition into facilitation by a spinal chloride imbalance in neuropathic pain. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabo0689. [PMID: 35895817 PMCID: PMC9328683 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abo0689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Descending control from the brain to the spinal cord shapes our pain experience, ranging from powerful analgesia to extreme sensitivity. Increasing evidence from both preclinical and clinical studies points to an imbalance toward descending facilitation as a substrate of pathological pain, but the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. We used an optogenetic approach to manipulate serotonin (5-HT) neurons of the nucleus raphe magnus that project to the dorsal horn of the spinal cord. We found that 5-HT neurons exert an analgesic action in naïve mice that becomes proalgesic in an experimental model of neuropathic pain. We show that spinal KCC2 hypofunction turns this descending inhibitory control into paradoxical facilitation; KCC2 enhancers restored 5-HT-mediated descending inhibition and analgesia. Last, combining selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) with a KCC2 enhancer yields effective analgesia against nerve injury-induced pain hypersensitivity. This uncovers a previously unidentified therapeutic path for SSRIs against neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franck Aby
- Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
- Institut des maladies neurodégénératives (IMN), CNRS UMR 5293, Bordeaux, France
| | - Louis-Etienne Lorenzo
- CERVO Brain Research Center, Université Laval, Québec City, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Université Laval, Québec City, Canada
| | - Zoé Grivet
- Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
- Institut des maladies neurodégénératives (IMN), CNRS UMR 5293, Bordeaux, France
| | - Rabia Bouali-Benazzouz
- Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
- Institut des maladies neurodégénératives (IMN), CNRS UMR 5293, Bordeaux, France
| | - Hugo Martin
- NutriNeuro, UMR, INRAe, 1286 Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Sara Whitestone
- Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
- Institut des maladies neurodégénératives (IMN), CNRS UMR 5293, Bordeaux, France
| | - Dominique Isabel
- CERVO Brain Research Center, Université Laval, Québec City, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Université Laval, Québec City, Canada
| | - Walid Idi
- Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
- Institut des maladies neurodégénératives (IMN), CNRS UMR 5293, Bordeaux, France
| | - Otmane Bouchatta
- Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
- Institut des maladies neurodégénératives (IMN), CNRS UMR 5293, Bordeaux, France
- CERVO Brain Research Center, Université Laval, Québec City, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Université Laval, Québec City, Canada
- NutriNeuro, UMR, INRAe, 1286 Bordeaux, France
- Aquineuro, SA, Bordeaux, France
- Université Cadi Ayyad, Marrakech, Morocco
| | - Philippe De Deurwaerdere
- Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
- Institut des neurosciences cognitives et intégratives d’aquitaine (INCIA) CNRS UMR 5287, Bordeaux, France
| | - Antoine G. Godin
- CERVO Brain Research Center, Université Laval, Québec City, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Université Laval, Québec City, Canada
| | - Cyril Herry
- Neurocentre Magendie, INSERM, U862, Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Marc Landry
- Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
- Institut des maladies neurodégénératives (IMN), CNRS UMR 5293, Bordeaux, France
| | - Yves De Koninck
- CERVO Brain Research Center, Université Laval, Québec City, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Université Laval, Québec City, Canada
| | - Pascal Fossat
- Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
- Institut des maladies neurodégénératives (IMN), CNRS UMR 5293, Bordeaux, France
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7
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Shine JM, O’Callaghan C, Walpola IC, Wainstein G, Taylor N, Aru J, Huebner B, John YJ. Understanding the effects of serotonin in the brain through its role in the gastrointestinal tract. Brain 2022; 145:2967-2981. [DOI: 10.1093/brain/awac256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The neuromodulatory arousal system imbues the nervous system with the flexibility and robustness required to facilitate adaptive behaviour. While there are well-understood mechanisms linking dopamine, noradrenaline and acetylcholine to distinct behavioural states, similar conclusions have not been as readily available for serotonin. Fascinatingly, despite clear links between serotonergic function and cognitive capacities as diverse as reward processing, exploration, and the psychedelic experience, over 95% of the serotonin in the body is released in the gastrointestinal tract, where it controls digestive muscle contractions (peristalsis). Here, we argue that framing neural serotonin as a rostral extension of the gastrointestinal serotonergic system dissolves much of the mystery associated with the central serotonergic system. Specifically, we outline that central serotonin activity mimics the effects of a digestion/satiety circuit mediated by hypothalamic control over descending serotonergic nuclei in the brainstem. We review commonalities and differences between these two circuits, with a focus on the heterogeneous expression of different classes of serotonin receptors in the brain. Much in the way that serotonin-induced peristalsis facilitates the work of digestion, serotonergic influences over cognition can be reframed as performing the work of cognition. Extending this analogy, we argue that the central serotonergic system allows the brain to arbitrate between different cognitive modes as a function of serotonergic tone: low activity facilitates cognitive automaticity, whereas higher activity helps to identify flexible solutions to problems, particularly if and when the initial responses fail. This perspective sheds light on otherwise disparate capacities mediated by serotonin, and also helps to understand why there are such pervasive links between serotonergic pathology and the symptoms of psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ishan C Walpola
- Prince of Wales Hospital , Randwick, New South Wales , Australia
| | | | | | - Jaan Aru
- University of Tartu , Tartu , Estonia
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Rodenkirch C, Carmel JB, Wang Q. Rapid Effects of Vagus Nerve Stimulation on Sensory Processing Through Activation of Neuromodulatory Systems. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:922424. [PMID: 35864985 PMCID: PMC9294458 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.922424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
After sensory information is encoded into neural signals at the periphery, it is processed through multiple brain regions before perception occurs (i.e., sensory processing). Recent work has begun to tease apart how neuromodulatory systems influence sensory processing. Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) is well-known as an effective and safe method of activating neuromodulatory systems. There is a growing body of studies confirming VNS has immediate effects on sensory processing across multiple sensory modalities. These immediate effects of VNS on sensory processing are distinct from the more well-documented method of inducing lasting neuroplastic changes to the sensory pathways through repeatedly delivering a brief VNS burst paired with a sensory stimulus. Immediate effects occur upon VNS onset, often disappear upon VNS offset, and the modulation is present for all sensory stimuli. Conversely, the neuroplastic effect of pairing sub-second bursts of VNS with a sensory stimulus alters sensory processing only after multiple pairing sessions, this alteration remains after cessation of pairing sessions, and the alteration selectively affects the response properties of neurons encoding the specific paired sensory stimulus. Here, we call attention to the immediate effects VNS has on sensory processing. This review discusses existing studies on this topic, provides an overview of the underlying neuromodulatory systems that likely play a role, and briefly explores the potential translational applications of using VNS to rapidly regulate sensory processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Rodenkirch
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
- Jacobs Technion-Cornell Institute, Cornell Tech, New York, NY, United States
- *Correspondence: Charles Rodenkirch,
| | - Jason B. Carmel
- Department of Neurology and Orthopedics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
- Qi Wang,
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9
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Zhou L, Liu D, Xie Z, Deng D, Shi G, Zhao J, Bai S, Yang L, Zhang R, Shi Y. Electrophysiological Characteristics of Dorsal Raphe Nucleus in Tail Suspension Test. Front Behav Neurosci 2022; 16:893465. [PMID: 35711694 PMCID: PMC9194813 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2022.893465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) is a major source of serotonin in the central nervous system, which is closely related to depression-like behaviors and is modulated by local GABAergic interneurons. Although serotonin neurons are known to be activated by struggling behavior in tail suspension test (TST), the exact electrophysiological characteristics are still unclear. Here, we combined in vivo electrode recording and behavioral test to explore the mice neuron electrophysiology in DRN during TST and observed that gamma oscillation was related to despair-like behaviors whereas burst fraction was crucial for survival-like behaviors. We reported the identification of a subpopulation of DRN neurons which change their firing rates when mice get into and during TST immobile states. Both increase (putative despair units, D units for short) and decrease (putative survival units, S units for short) in firing rate were observed. Furthermore, using optogenetics to identify parvalbumin-positive (PV+) and serotonin transporter-positive (SERT+) neurons, we found that SERT+ neurons were almost S units. Interestingly, those that have been identified PV+ neurons include ~20% of D units and ~50% of S units. These results suggest that electrophysiological characteristics incorporated in despair-like behavior studies can provide new insight into the study of anti-depression targets, and GABAergic interneuron is a complex key hub to the coding and regulation of local neural network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuchang Zhou
- School of Fundamental Medical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zedan Xie
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Di Deng
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
| | - Guoqi Shi
- School of Foreign Studies, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinlan Zhao
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shasha Bai
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lei Yang
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rong Zhang
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Rong Zhang
| | - Yafei Shi
- School of Fundamental Medical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yafei Shi
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10
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Delcourte S, Etievant A, Haddjeri N. Role of central serotonin and noradrenaline interactions in the antidepressants' action: Electrophysiological and neurochemical evidence. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2021; 259:7-81. [PMID: 33541681 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2021.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The development of antidepressant drugs, in the last 6 decades, has been associated with theories based on a deficiency of serotonin (5-HT) and/or noradrenaline (NA) systems. Although the pathophysiology of major depression (MD) is not fully understood, numerous investigations have suggested that treatments with various classes of antidepressant drugs may lead to an enhanced 5-HT and/or adapted NA neurotransmissions. In this review, particular morpho-physiological aspects of these systems are first considered. Second, principal features of central 5-HT/NA interactions are examined. In this regard, the effects of the acute and sustained antidepressant administrations on these systems are discussed. Finally, future directions including novel therapeutic strategies are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Delcourte
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm, Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute U1208, Bron, France
| | - Adeline Etievant
- Integrative and Clinical Neurosciences EA481, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Nasser Haddjeri
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm, Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute U1208, Bron, France.
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11
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Charvériat M, Guiard BP. Serotonergic neurons in the treatment of mood disorders: The dialogue with astrocytes. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2021; 259:197-228. [PMID: 33541677 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2021.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Astrocytes were traditionally regarded as cells important to neuronal activity, providing both metabolic and structural supports. Recent evidence suggests that they may also play a crucial role in the control of higher brain functions. In keeping with this hypothesis, it is now well accepted that astrocytes contribute to stress but also react to antidepressant drugs as they express serotonergic transporters and receptors. However, the downstream mechanisms leading to the fine-tuned regulation of mood are still unknown. This chapter pays attention to the role of astrocytes in the regulation of emotional behavior and related serotonergic neurotransmission. In particular, it gives a current state of the clinical and preclinical evidence showing that astrocytes respond to environmental conditions and antidepressant drugs through the release of gliotransmitters and neurotrophic factors which in turn, influence serotonergic tone in discrete brain areas. This state-of-the-art review aims at demonstrating the remarkable potential for novel therapeutic antidepressant strategies targeting these glial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bruno P Guiard
- Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale, Centre de Biologie Intégrative, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Toulouse, France.
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12
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Abstract
Neurons that synthesize and release 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT; serotonin) express a core set of genes that establish and maintain this neurotransmitter phenotype and distinguish these neurons from other brain cells. Beyond a shared 5-HTergic phenotype, these neurons display divergent cellular properties in relation to anatomy, morphology, hodology, electrophysiology and gene expression, including differential expression of molecules supporting co-transmission of additional neurotransmitters. This diversity suggests that functionally heterogeneous subtypes of 5-HT neurons exist, but linking subsets of these neurons to particular functions has been technically challenging. We discuss recent data from molecular genetic, genomic and functional methods that, when coupled with classical findings, yield a reframing of the 5-HT neuronal system as a conglomeration of diverse subsystems with potential to inspire novel, more targeted therapies for clinically distinct 5-HT-related disorders.
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13
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Piszczek L, Memoli S, Raggioli A, Viosca J, Rientjes J, Hublitz P, Czaban W, Wyrzykowska A, Gross C. Mouse model of the human serotonin transporter-linked polymorphic region. Mamm Genome 2019; 30:319-328. [PMID: 31667540 PMCID: PMC6884432 DOI: 10.1007/s00335-019-09815-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Genetic factors play a significant role in risk for mood and anxiety disorders. Polymorphisms in genes that regulate the brain monoamine systems, such as catabolic enzymes and transporters, are attractive candidates for being risk factors for emotional disorders given the weight of evidence implicating monoamines involvement in these conditions. Several common genetic variants have been identified in the human serotonin transporter (5-HTT) gene, including a repetitive sequence located in the promoter region of the locus called the serotonin transporter-linked polymorphic region (5-HTT-LPR). This polymorphism has been associated with a number of mental traits in both humans and primates, including depression, neuroticism, and harm avoidance. Some, but not all, studies found a link between the polymorphism and 5-HTT levels, leaving open the question of whether the polymorphism affects risk for mental traits via changes in 5-HTT expression. To investigate the impact of the polymorphism on gene expression, serotonin homeostasis, and behavioral traits, we set out to develop a mouse model of the human 5-HTT-LPR. Here we describe the creation and characterization of a set of mouse lines with single-copy human transgenes carrying the short and long 5-HTT-LPR variants. Although we were not able to detect differences in expression between the short and long variants, we encountered several technical issues concerning the design of our humanized mice that are likely to have influenced our findings. Our study serves as a cautionary note for future studies aimed at studying human transgene regulation in the context of the living mouse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukasz Piszczek
- Epigenetics and Neurobiology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, EMBL Rome, Monterotondo, Italy.
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Simone Memoli
- Epigenetics and Neurobiology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, EMBL Rome, Monterotondo, Italy
| | - Angelo Raggioli
- Epigenetics and Neurobiology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, EMBL Rome, Monterotondo, Italy
| | - José Viosca
- Epigenetics and Neurobiology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, EMBL Rome, Monterotondo, Italy
- Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain
| | - Jeanette Rientjes
- Monash Genome Modification Platform (MGMP), Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Philip Hublitz
- Epigenetics and Neurobiology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, EMBL Rome, Monterotondo, Italy
- MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Weronika Czaban
- Epigenetics and Neurobiology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, EMBL Rome, Monterotondo, Italy
| | - Anna Wyrzykowska
- Epigenetics and Neurobiology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, EMBL Rome, Monterotondo, Italy
| | - Cornelius Gross
- Epigenetics and Neurobiology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, EMBL Rome, Monterotondo, Italy.
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Mark MD, Wollenweber P, Gesk A, Kösters K, Batzke K, Janoschka C, Maejima T, Han J, Deneris ES, Herlitze S. RGS2 drives male aggression in mice via the serotonergic system. Commun Biol 2019; 2:373. [PMID: 31633064 PMCID: PMC6789038 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-019-0622-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Aggressive behavior in our modern, civilized society is often counterproductive and destructive. Identifying specific proteins involved in the disease can serve as therapeutic targets for treating aggression. Here, we found that overexpression of RGS2 in explicitly serotonergic neurons augments male aggression in control mice and rescues male aggression in Rgs2-/- mice, while anxiety is not affected. The aggressive behavior is directly correlated to the immediate early gene c-fos induction in the dorsal raphe nuclei and ventrolateral part of the ventromedial nucleus hypothalamus, to an increase in spontaneous firing in serotonergic neurons and to a reduction in the modulatory action of Gi/o and Gq/11 coupled 5HT and adrenergic receptors in serotonergic neurons of Rgs2-expressing mice. Collectively, these findings specifically identify that RGS2 expression in serotonergic neurons is sufficient to drive male aggression in mice and as a potential therapeutic target for treating aggression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie D. Mark
- Department of General Zoology and Neurobiology, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Patric Wollenweber
- Department of General Zoology and Neurobiology, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Annika Gesk
- Department of General Zoology and Neurobiology, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Katja Kösters
- Department of General Zoology and Neurobiology, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Katharina Batzke
- Department of General Zoology and Neurobiology, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Claudia Janoschka
- Department of General Zoology and Neurobiology, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Takashi Maejima
- Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, 920-8640 Japan
| | - Jing Han
- Institute for Applied Cancer Science, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - Evan S. Deneris
- Department of Neurosciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH USA
| | - Stefan Herlitze
- Department of General Zoology and Neurobiology, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany
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15
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Montalbano A, Mlinar B, Bonfiglio F, Polenzani L, Magnani M, Corradetti R. Dual inhibitory action of trazodone on dorsal raphe serotonergic neurons through 5-HT1A receptor partial agonism and α1-adrenoceptor antagonism. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0222855. [PMID: 31557210 PMCID: PMC6763016 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0222855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Trazodone is an antidepressant drug with considerable affinity for 5-HT1A receptors and α1-adrenoceptors for which the drug is competitive agonist and antagonist, respectively. In this study, we used cell-attached or whole-cell patch-clamp recordings to characterize the effects of trazodone at somatodendritic 5-HT1A receptors (5-HT1AARs) and α1-adrenoceptors of serotonergic neurons in rodent dorsal raphe slices. To reveal the effects of trazodone at α1-adrenoceptors, the baseline firing of 5-HT neurons was facilitated by applying the selective α1-adrenoceptor agonist phenylephrine at various concentrations. In the absence of phenylephrine, trazodone (1–10 μM) concentration-dependently silenced neurons through activation of 5-HT1AARs. The effect was fully antagonized by the selective 5-HT1A receptor antagonist Way-100635. With 5-HT1A receptors blocked by Way-100635, trazodone (1–10 μM) concentration-dependently inhibited neuron firing facilitated by 1 μM phenylephrine. Parallel rightward shift of dose-response curves for trazodone recorded in higher phenylephrine concentrations (10–100 μM) indicated competitive antagonism at α1-adrenoceptors. Both effects of trazodone were also observed in slices from Tph2-/- mice that lack synthesis of brain serotonin, showing that the activation of 5-HT1AARs was not mediated by endogenous serotonin. In whole-cell recordings, trazodone activated 5-HT1AAR-coupled G protein-activated inwardly-rectifying (GIRK) channel conductance with weak partial agonist efficacy (~35%) compared to that of the full agonist 5-CT. Collectively our data show that trazodone, at concentrations relevant to its clinical effects, exerts weak partial agonism at 5-HT1AARs and disfacilitation of firing through α1-adrenoceptor antagonism. These two actions converge in inhibiting dorsal raphe serotonergic neuron activity, albeit with varying contribution depending on the intensity of α1-adrenoceptor stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Montalbano
- NEUROFARBA—Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Psicologia, Area del Farmaco e Salute del Bambino, Università di Firenze, Firenze, Italia
| | - Boris Mlinar
- NEUROFARBA—Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Psicologia, Area del Farmaco e Salute del Bambino, Università di Firenze, Firenze, Italia
| | - Francesco Bonfiglio
- NEUROFARBA—Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Psicologia, Area del Farmaco e Salute del Bambino, Università di Firenze, Firenze, Italia
| | - Lorenzo Polenzani
- Angelini RR&D (Research, Regulatory & Development), Angelini S.p.A, S.Palomba-Pomezia (Roma), Italia
| | - Maurizio Magnani
- Angelini RR&D (Research, Regulatory & Development), Angelini S.p.A, S.Palomba-Pomezia (Roma), Italia
| | - Renato Corradetti
- NEUROFARBA—Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Psicologia, Area del Farmaco e Salute del Bambino, Università di Firenze, Firenze, Italia
- * E-mail:
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16
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Krol A, Lopez-Huerta VG, Corey TEC, Deisseroth K, Ting JT, Feng G. Two eARCHT3.0 Lines for Optogenetic Silencing of Dopaminergic and Serotonergic Neurons. Front Neural Circuits 2019; 13:4. [PMID: 30774584 PMCID: PMC6367884 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2019.00004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dopaminergic and serotonergic neurons modulate and control processes ranging from reward signaling to regulation of motor outputs. Further, dysfunction of these neurons is involved in both degenerative and psychiatric disorders. Elucidating the roles of these neurons has been greatly facilitated by bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) transgenic mouse lines expressing channelrhodopsin to readily enable cell-type specific activation. However, corresponding lines to silence these monoaminergic neurons have been lacking. We have generated two BAC transgenic mouse lines expressing the outward proton pump, enhanced ArchT3.0 (eArchT3.0), and GFP under control of the regulatory elements of either the dopamine transporter (DAT; Jax# 031663) or the tryptophan hydroxylase 2 (TPH2; Jax# 031662) gene locus. We demonstrate highly faithful and specific expression of these lines in dopaminergic and serotonergic neurons respectively. Additionally we validate effective and sensitive eArchT3.0-mediated silencing of these neurons using slice electrophysiology as well as with a well-established behavioral assay. These new transgenic tools will help expedite the study of dopaminergic and serotonergic system function in normal behavior and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Krol
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Violeta G Lopez-Huerta
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States.,Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States.,Institute of Cellular Physiology, Department of Neurodevelopment and Physiology, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Taylor E C Corey
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Karl Deisseroth
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Jonathan T Ting
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States.,Human Cell Types, Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Guoping Feng
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States.,Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States
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17
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Erö C, Gewaltig MO, Keller D, Markram H. A Cell Atlas for the Mouse Brain. Front Neuroinform 2018; 12:84. [PMID: 30546301 PMCID: PMC6280067 DOI: 10.3389/fninf.2018.00084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite vast numbers of studies of stained cells in the mouse brain, no current brain atlas provides region-by-region neuron counts. In fact, neuron numbers are only available for about 4% of brain of regions and estimates often vary by as much as 3-fold. Here we provide a first 3D cell atlas for the whole mouse brain, showing cell positions constructed algorithmically from whole brain Nissl and gene expression stains, and compared against values from the literature. The atlas provides the densities and positions of all excitatory and inhibitory neurons, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and microglia in each of the 737 brain regions defined in the AMBA. The atlas is dynamic, allowing comparison with previously reported numbers, addition of cell types, and improvement of estimates as new data is integrated. The atlas also provides insights into cellular organization only possible at this whole brain scale, and is publicly available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Csaba Erö
- Blue Brain Project, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marc-Oliver Gewaltig
- Blue Brain Project, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Keller
- Blue Brain Project, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Henry Markram
- Blue Brain Project, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
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18
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A light-gated potassium channel for sustained neuronal inhibition. Nat Methods 2018; 15:969-976. [PMID: 30377377 DOI: 10.1038/s41592-018-0186-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Currently available inhibitory optogenetic tools provide short and transient silencing of neurons, but they cannot provide long-lasting inhibition because of the requirement for high light intensities. Here we present an optimized blue-light-sensitive synthetic potassium channel, BLINK2, which showed good expression in neurons in three species. The channel is activated by illumination with low doses of blue light, and in our experiments it remained active over (tens of) minutes in the dark after the illumination was stopped. This activation caused long periods of inhibition of neuronal firing in ex vivo recordings of mouse neurons and impaired motor neuron response in zebrafish in vivo. As a proof-of-concept application, we demonstrated that in a freely moving rat model of neuropathic pain, the activation of a small number of BLINK2 channels caused a long-lasting (>30 min) reduction in pain sensation.
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19
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Wohlschläger A, Karne H, Jordan D, Lowe MJ, Jones SE, Anand A. Spectral Dynamics of Resting State fMRI Within the Ventral Tegmental Area and Dorsal Raphe Nuclei in Medication-Free Major Depressive Disorder in Young Adults. Front Psychiatry 2018; 9:163. [PMID: 29867598 PMCID: PMC5958223 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) and ventral tegmental area (VTA) are major brainstem monamine nuclei consisting of serotonin and dopamine neurons respectively. Animal studies show that firing patterns in both nuclei are altered when animals exhibit depression like behaviors. Functional MRI studies in humans have shown reduced VTA activation and DRN connectivity in depression. This study for the first time aims at investigating the functional integrity of local neuronal firing concurrently in both the VTA and DRN in vivo in humans using spectral analysis of resting state low frequency fluctuation fMRI. Method: A total of 97 medication-free subjects-67 medication-free young patients (ages 18-30) with major depressive disorder and 30 closely matched healthy controls were included in the study to detect aberrant dynamics in DRN and VTA. For the investigation of altered localized dynamics we conducted power spectral analysis and above this spectral cross correlation between the two groups. Complementary to this, spectral dependence of permutation entropy, an information theoretical measure, was compared between groups. Results: Patients displayed significant spectral slowing in VTA vs. controls (p = 0.035, corrected). In DRN, spectral slowing was less pronounced, but the amount of slowing significantly correlated with 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating scores of depression severity (p = 0.038). Signal complexity as assessed via permutation entropy showed spectral alterations inline with the results on spectral slowing. Conclusion: Our results indicate that altered functional dynamics of VTA and DRN in depression can be detected from regional fMRI signal. On this basis, impact of antidepressant treatment and treatment response can be assessed using these markers in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afra Wohlschläger
- Department of Diagonistic and Interventional Neuroradiology and TUMNIC, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Harish Karne
- Center for Behavioral Health, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Denis Jordan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Mark J. Lowe
- Radiology Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Stephen E. Jones
- Radiology Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Amit Anand
- Center for Behavioral Health, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
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20
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Zhao C, Su M, Wang Y, Li X, Zhang Y, Du X, Zhang H. Selective Modulation of K + Channel Kv7.4 Significantly Affects the Excitability of DRN 5-HT Neurons. Front Cell Neurosci 2017; 11:405. [PMID: 29311835 PMCID: PMC5735115 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2017.00405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The serotonin (5-HT) system originating in the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) is implicated in various mood- and emotion-related disorders, such as anxiety, fear and stress. Abnormal activity of DRN 5-HT neurons is the key factor in the development of these disorders. Here, we describe a crucial role for the Kv7.4 potassium channel in modulating DRN 5-HT neuronal excitability. We demonstrate that Kv7.4 is selectively expressed in 5-HT neurons of the DRN. Using selective Kv7.4 opener fasudil and Kv7.4 knock-out mice, we demonstrate that Kv7.4 is a potent modulator of DRN 5-HT neuronal excitability. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the cellular redox signaling mechanism is involved in this 5-HT activation of Kv7.4. The current study suggests a new strategy for treating psychiatric disorders related to altered activity of DRN 5-HT neurons using K+ channel modulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, Hebei Medical University, The Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, Ministry of Education, The Key Laboratory of New Drug Pharmacology and Toxicology, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Min Su
- Department of Pharmacology, Hebei Medical University, The Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, Ministry of Education, The Key Laboratory of New Drug Pharmacology and Toxicology, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yingzi Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Hebei Medical University, The Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, Ministry of Education, The Key Laboratory of New Drug Pharmacology and Toxicology, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xinmeng Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Hebei Medical University, The Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, Ministry of Education, The Key Laboratory of New Drug Pharmacology and Toxicology, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yongxue Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Hebei Medical University, The Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, Ministry of Education, The Key Laboratory of New Drug Pharmacology and Toxicology, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xiaona Du
- Department of Pharmacology, Hebei Medical University, The Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, Ministry of Education, The Key Laboratory of New Drug Pharmacology and Toxicology, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Hailin Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Hebei Medical University, The Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, Ministry of Education, The Key Laboratory of New Drug Pharmacology and Toxicology, Shijiazhuang, China
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21
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Ji J, Xiang P, Li T, Lan L, Xu X, Lu G, Ji H, Zhang Y, Li Y. NOSH-NBP, a Novel Nitric Oxide and Hydrogen Sulfide- Releasing Hybrid, Attenuates Ischemic Stroke-Induced Neuroinflammatory Injury by Modulating Microglia Polarization. Front Cell Neurosci 2017; 11:154. [PMID: 28603491 PMCID: PMC5445131 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2017.00154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
NOSH-NBP, a novel nitric oxide (NO) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S)-releasing hybrid, protects brain from ischemic stroke. This study mainly aimed to investigate the therapeutic effect of NOSH-NBP on ischemic stroke and the underlying mechanisms. In vivo, transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) was performed in C57BL/6 mice, with NO-NBP and H2S-NBP as controls. NO and H2S scavengers, carboxy-PTIO and BSS, respectively, were used to quench NO and H2S of NOSH-NBP. In vitro, BV2 microglia/BMDM were induced to the M1/2 phenotype, and conditioned medium (CM) experiments in BV2 microglia, neurons and b.End3 cerebral microvascular endothelial cells (ECs) were performed. Microglial/macrophage activation/polarization was assessed by flow cytometry, Western blot, RT-qPCR, and ELISA. Neuronal and EC survival was measured by TUNEL, flow cytometry, MTT and LDH assays. Transmission electron microscopy, EB extravasation, brain water content, TEER measurement and Western blot were used to detect blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity and function. Interestingly, NOSH-NBP significantly reduced cerebral infarct volume and ameliorated neurological deficit, with superior effects compared with NO-NBP and/or H2S-NBP in mice after tMCAO. Both NO and H2S-releasing groups contributed to protection by NOSH-NBP. Additionally, NOSH-NBP decreased neuronal death and attenuated BBB dysfunction in tMCAO-treated mice. Furthermore, NOSH-NBP promoted microglia/macrophage switch from an inflammatory M1 phenotype to the protective M2 phenotype in vivo and in vitro. Moreover, the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB pathway and NLRP3 inflammasome were involved in the inhibitory effects of NOSH-NBP on M1 polarization, while peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma signaling contributed to NOSH-NBP induced M2 polarization. These findings indicated that NOSH-NBP is a potential therapeutic agent that preferentially promotes microglial/macrophage M1-M2 switch in ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Pengjun Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Physiology, China Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Tingting Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Physiology, China Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Li Lan
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Physiology, China Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Xiaole Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong UniversityNantong, China
| | - Guo Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Physiology, China Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Hui Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Physiology, China Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Yihua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Center of Drug Discovery, China Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Yunman Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjing, China
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