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Maimaiti M, Li C, Cheng M, Zhong Z, Hu J, Yang L, Zhang L, Hong Z, Song J, Pan M, Ma X, Cui S, Zhang P, Hao H, Wang C, Hu H. Blocking cGAS-STING pathway promotes post-stroke functional recovery in an extended treatment window via facilitating remyelination. MED 2024; 5:622-644.e8. [PMID: 38663402 DOI: 10.1016/j.medj.2024.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ischemic stroke is a major cause of worldwide death and disability, with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator being the sole effective treatment, albeit with a limited treatment window. The cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) and stimulator of interferon genes (STING) pathway is emerging as the major DNA-sensing pathway to invoke immune responses in neuroinflammatory disorders. METHODS By performing a series of neurobehavioral assessments, electrophysiological analysis, high-throughput sequencing, and cell-based assays based on the transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) mouse stroke model, we examined the effects and underlying mechanisms of genetic and pharmacological inhibition of the cGAS-STING pathway on long-term post-stroke neurological functional outcomes. FINDINGS Blocking the cGAS-STING pathway, even 3 days after tMCAO, significantly promoted functional recovery in terms of white matter structural and functional integrity as well as sensorimotor and cognitive functions. Mechanistically, the neuroprotective effects via inhibiting the cGAS-STING pathway were contributed not only by inflammation repression at the early stage of tMCAO but also by modifying the cell state of phagocytes to facilitate remyelination at the sub-acute phase. The activation of the cGAS-STING pathway significantly impeded post-stroke remyelination through restraining myelin debris uptake and degradation and hindering oligodendrocyte differentiation and maturation. CONCLUSIONS Manipulating the cGAS-STING pathway has an extended treatment window in promoting long-term post-stroke functional recovery via facilitating remyelination in a mouse stroke model. Our results highlight the roles of the cGAS-STING pathway in aggregating stroke pathology and propose a new way for improving functional recovery after ischemic stroke. FUNDING This work was primarily funded by the National Key R&D Program of China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munire Maimaiti
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chenhui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Mingxing Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ziwei Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiameng Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lele Zhang
- Central Laboratory, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ze Hong
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jinyi Song
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mingyu Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaonan Ma
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Center, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shufang Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Central Laboratory, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Haiping Hao
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China; School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Haiyang Hu
- Central Laboratory, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Chongqing Innovation Institute of China Pharmaceutical University, Chongqing, China.
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2
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Rupprecht J, Reiprich S, Baroti T, Christoph C, Sock E, Fröb F, Wegner M. Transcription Factors Sox2 and Sox3 Directly Regulate the Expression of Genes Involved in the Onset of Oligodendrocyte Differentiation. Cells 2024; 13:935. [PMID: 38891067 PMCID: PMC11172379 DOI: 10.3390/cells13110935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Rapid information processing in the central nervous system requires the myelination of axons by oligodendrocytes. The transcription factor Sox2 and its close relative Sox3 redundantly regulate the development of myelin-forming oligodendrocytes, but little is known about the underlying molecular mechanisms. Here, we characterized the expression profile of cultured oligodendroglial cells during early differentiation and identified Bcas1, Enpp6, Zfp488 and Nkx2.2 as major downregulated genes upon Sox2 and Sox3 deletion. An analysis of mice with oligodendrocyte-specific deletion of Sox2 and Sox3 validated all four genes as downstream targets in vivo. Additional functional assays identified regulatory regions in the vicinity of each gene that are responsive to and bind both Sox proteins. Bcas1, Enpp6, Zfp488 and Nkx2.2 therefore likely represent direct target genes and major effectors of Sox2 and Sox3. Considering the preferential expression and role of these genes in premyelinating oligodendrocytes, our findings suggest that Sox2 and Sox3 impact oligodendroglial development at the premyelinating stage with Bcas1, Enpp6, Zfp488 and Nkx2.2 as their major effectors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Franziska Fröb
- Institut für Biochemie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Michael Wegner
- Institut für Biochemie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
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3
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Kim H, Kim BJ, Koh S, Cho HJ, Jin X, Kim BG, Choi JY. A primary culture method for the easy, efficient, and effective acquisition of oligodendrocyte lineage cells from neonatal rodent brains. Heliyon 2024; 10:e29359. [PMID: 38655345 PMCID: PMC11036010 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Oligodendrocytes (OL) are myelin-forming glial cells in the central nervous system. In vitro primary OL culture models offer the benefit of a more readily controlled environment that facilitates the examination of diverse OL stages and their intricate dynamics. Although conventional methods for primary OL culture exist, their performance in terms of simplicity and efficiency can be improved. Here, we introduce a novel method for primary OL culture, namely the E3 (easy, efficient, and effective) method, which greatly improves the simplicity and efficiency of the primary OL culture procedure using neonatal rodent brains. We also provided the optimal media composition for the augmentation of oligodendrocyte progenitor cell (OPC) proliferation and more robust maturation into myelin-forming OLs. Overall, E3 offers an undemanding method for obtaining primary OLs with high yield and quality. Alongside its value as a practical tool, in vitro characteristics of the OL lineage additionally identified during the development of the E3 method have implications for advancing research on OL physiology and pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanki Kim
- Department of Brain Science, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, 16499, South Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University Graduate School of Medicine, Suwon, 16499, South Korea
| | - Bum Jun Kim
- Department of Brain Science, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, 16499, South Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University Graduate School of Medicine, Suwon, 16499, South Korea
| | - Seungyon Koh
- Department of Brain Science, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, 16499, South Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University Graduate School of Medicine, Suwon, 16499, South Korea
- Department of Neurology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, 16499, South Korea
| | - Hyo Jin Cho
- Department of Brain Science, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, 16499, South Korea
| | - Xuelian Jin
- Department of Brain Science, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, 16499, South Korea
- Geriatrics Department, The Affiliated Suqian First People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suqian, 223800, China
| | - Byung Gon Kim
- Department of Brain Science, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, 16499, South Korea
- Department of Neurology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, 16499, South Korea
| | - Jun Young Choi
- Department of Brain Science, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, 16499, South Korea
- Department of Neurology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, 16499, South Korea
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4
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Chen M, Chu YH, Yu WX, You YF, Tang Y, Pang XW, Zhang H, Shang K, Deng G, Zhou LQ, Yang S, Wang W, Xiao J, Tian DS, Qin C. Serum LDL Promotes Microglial Activation and Exacerbates Demyelinating Injury in Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder. Neurosci Bull 2024:10.1007/s12264-023-01166-y. [PMID: 38227181 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-023-01166-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is an autoimmune inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS) accompanied by blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption. Dysfunction in microglial lipid metabolism is believed to be closely associated with the neuropathology of NMOSD. However, there is limited evidence on the functional relevance of circulating lipids in CNS demyelination, cellular metabolism, and microglial function. Here, we found that serum low-density lipoprotein (LDL) was positively correlated with markers of neurological damage in NMOSD patients. In addition, we demonstrated in a mouse model of NMOSD that LDL penetrates the CNS through the leaky BBB, directly activating microglia. This activation leads to excessive phagocytosis of myelin debris, inhibition of lipid metabolism, and increased glycolysis, ultimately exacerbating myelin damage. We also found that therapeutic interventions aimed at reducing circulating LDL effectively reversed the lipid metabolic dysfunction in microglia and mitigated the demyelinating injury in NMOSD. These findings shed light on the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying the positive correlation between serum LDL and neurological damage, highlighting the potential therapeutic target for lowering circulating lipids to alleviate the acute demyelinating injury in NMOSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Chen
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Functional Reconstruction, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
- Department of Neurology, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 570311, China
| | - Yun-Hui Chu
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Functional Reconstruction, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Wen-Xiang Yu
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Functional Reconstruction, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Yun-Fan You
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Functional Reconstruction, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Yue Tang
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Functional Reconstruction, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Xiao-Wei Pang
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Functional Reconstruction, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Hang Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Functional Reconstruction, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Ke Shang
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Functional Reconstruction, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Gang Deng
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Functional Reconstruction, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Luo-Qi Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Functional Reconstruction, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Sheng Yang
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Functional Reconstruction, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Functional Reconstruction, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Jun Xiao
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Functional Reconstruction, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| | - Dai-Shi Tian
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Functional Reconstruction, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| | - Chuan Qin
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Functional Reconstruction, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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5
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Moloney RA, Pavy CL, Kahl RGS, Palliser HK, Hirst JJ, Shaw JC. Dual isolation of primary neurons and oligodendrocytes from guinea pig frontal cortex. Front Cell Neurosci 2024; 17:1298685. [PMID: 38269115 PMCID: PMC10806141 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1298685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Primary cell culture is a technique that is widely used in neuroscience research to investigate mechanisms that underlie pathologies at a cellular level. Typically, mouse or rat tissue is used for this process; however, altricial rodent species have markedly different neurodevelopmental trajectories comparatively to humans. The use of guinea pig brain tissue presents a novel aspect to this routinely used cell culture method whilst also allowing for dual isolation of two major cell types from a physiologically relevant animal model for studying perinatal neurodevelopment. Primary neuronal and oligodendrocyte cell cultures were derived from fetal guinea pig's frontal cortex brain tissue collected at a gestational age of 62 days (GA62), which is a key time in the neuronal and oligodendrocyte development. The major advantage of this protocol is the ability to acquire both neuronal and oligodendrocyte cellular cultures from the frontal cortex of one fetal brain. Briefly, neuronal cells were grown in 12-well plates initially in a 24-h serum-rich medium to enhance neuronal survival before switching to a serum-free media formulation. Oligodendrocytes were first grown in cell culture flasks using a serum-rich medium that enabled the growth of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) on an astrocyte bed. Following confluency, the shake method of differential adhesion and separation was utilized via horizontally shaking the OPCs off the astrocyte bed overnight. Therefore, OPCs were plated in 12-well plates and were initially expanded in media supplemented with growth hormones, before switching to maturation media to progress the lineage to a mature phenotype. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was performed on both cell culture types to analyze key population markers, and the results were further validated using immunocytochemistry. Primary neurons displayed the mRNA expression of multiple neuronal markers, including those specific to GABAergic populations. These cells also positively stained for microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2; a dendritic marker specific to neurons) and NeuN (a marker of neuronal cell bodies). Primary oligodendrocytes expressed all investigated markers of the oligodendrocyte lineage, with a majority of the cells displaying an immature oligodendrocyte phenotype. This finding was further confirmed with positive oligodendrocyte transcription factor (OLIG2) staining, which serves as a marker for the overall oligodendrocyte population. This study demonstrates a novel method for isolating both neurons and oligodendrocytes from the guinea pig brain tissue. These isolated cells display key markers and gene expression that will allow for functional experiments to occur and may be particularly useful in studying neurodevelopmental conditions with perinatal origins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roisin A. Moloney
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Mothers and Babies Research Centre, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Carlton L. Pavy
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Mothers and Babies Research Centre, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Richard G. S. Kahl
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Mothers and Babies Research Centre, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Hannah K. Palliser
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Mothers and Babies Research Centre, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Jon J. Hirst
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Mothers and Babies Research Centre, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Julia C. Shaw
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Mothers and Babies Research Centre, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
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6
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Kambe J, Usuda K, Inoue R, Hirayama K, Ito M, Suenaga K, Masukado S, Liu H, Miyata S, Li C, Kimura I, Yamamoto Y, Nagaoka K. Hydrogen peroxide in breast milk is crucial for gut microbiota formation and myelin development in neonatal mice. Gut Microbes 2024; 16:2359729. [PMID: 38816999 PMCID: PMC11146441 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2024.2359729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Early life environment influences mammalian brain development, a growing area of research within the Developmental Origins of Health and Disease framework, necessitating a deeper understanding of early life factors on children's brain development. This study introduces a mouse model, LAO1 knockout mice, to investigate the relationship between breast milk, the gut microbiome, and brain development. The results reveal that breast milk's reactive oxygen species (ROS) are vital in shaping the neonatal gut microbiota. Decreased hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) levels in milk disrupt the gut microbiome and lead to abnormal metabolite production, including D-glucaric acid. This metabolite inhibits hippocampal myelin formation during infancy, potentially contributing to behavioral abnormalities observed in adulthood. These findings suggest that H2O2 in breast milk is crucial for normal gut microbiota formation and brain development, with implications for understanding and potentially treating neurodevelopmental disorders in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Kambe
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kento Usuda
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryo Inoue
- Laboratory of Animal Science, Department of Applied Biological Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Setsunan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Hirayama
- Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health, Department of Veterinary Medical Science, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahiko Ito
- Department of Virology and Parasitology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Ken Suenaga
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sora Masukado
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hong Liu
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shiho Miyata
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chunmei Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ikuo Kimura
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yuki Yamamoto
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kentaro Nagaoka
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
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7
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Tsuboguchi S, Nakamura Y, Ishihara T, Kato T, Sato T, Koyama A, Mori H, Koike Y, Onodera O, Ueno M. TDP-43 differentially propagates to induce antero- and retrograde degeneration in the corticospinal circuits in mouse focal ALS models. Acta Neuropathol 2023; 146:611-629. [PMID: 37555859 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-023-02615-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by TDP-43 inclusions in the cortical and spinal motor neurons. It remains unknown whether and how pathogenic TDP-43 spreads across neural connections to progress degenerative processes in the cortico-spinal motor circuitry. Here we established novel mouse ALS models that initially induced mutant TDP-43 inclusions in specific neuronal or cell types in the motor circuits, and investigated whether TDP-43 and relevant pathological processes spread across neuronal or cellular connections. We first developed ALS models that primarily induced TDP-43 inclusions in the corticospinal neurons, spinal motor neurons, or forelimb skeletal muscle, by using adeno-associated virus (AAV) expressing mutant TDP-43. We found that TDP-43 induced in the corticospinal neurons was transported along the axons anterogradely and transferred to the oligodendrocytes along the corticospinal tract (CST), coinciding with mild axon degeneration. In contrast, TDP-43 introduced in the spinal motor neurons did not spread retrogradely to the cortical or spinal neurons; however, it induced an extreme loss of spinal motor neurons and subsequent degeneration of neighboring spinal neurons, suggesting a degenerative propagation in a retrograde manner in the spinal cord. The intraspinal degeneration further led to severe muscle atrophy. Finally, TDP-43 induced in the skeletal muscle did not propagate pathological events to spinal neurons retrogradely. Our data revealed that mutant TDP-43 spread across neuro-glial connections anterogradely in the corticospinal pathway, whereas it exhibited different retrograde degenerative properties in the spinal circuits. This suggests that pathogenic TDP-43 may induce distinct antero- and retrograde mechanisms of degeneration in the motor system in ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shintaro Tsuboguchi
- Department of Neurology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Niigata, 951-8585, Japan
| | - Yuka Nakamura
- Department of System Pathology for Neurological Disorders, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Ishihara
- Department of Neurology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Niigata, 951-8585, Japan
| | - Taisuke Kato
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Tokiharu Sato
- Department of System Pathology for Neurological Disorders, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Akihide Koyama
- Division of Legal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Hideki Mori
- Department of Neurology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Niigata, 951-8585, Japan
| | - Yuka Koike
- Department of Neurology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Niigata, 951-8585, Japan
| | - Osamu Onodera
- Department of Neurology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Niigata, 951-8585, Japan.
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan.
| | - Masaki Ueno
- Department of System Pathology for Neurological Disorders, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan.
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8
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Kafai NM, Janova H, Cain MD, Alippe Y, Muraro S, Sariol A, Elam-Noll M, Klein RS, Diamond MS. Entry receptor LDLRAD3 is required for Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus peripheral infection and neurotropism leading to pathogenesis in mice. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112946. [PMID: 37556325 PMCID: PMC10529316 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEEV) is an encephalitic alphavirus responsible for epidemics of neurological disease across the Americas. Low-density lipoprotein receptor class A domain-containing 3 (LDLRAD3) is a recently reported entry receptor for VEEV. Here, using wild-type and Ldlrad3-deficient mice, we define a critical role for LDLRAD3 in controlling steps in VEEV infection, pathogenesis, and neurotropism. Our analysis shows that LDLRAD3 is required for efficient VEEV infection and pathogenesis prior to and after central nervous system invasion. Ldlrad3-deficient mice survive intranasal and intracranial VEEV inoculation and show reduced infection of neurons in different brain regions. As LDLRAD3 is a determinant of pathogenesis and an entry receptor required for VEEV infection of neurons of the brain, receptor-targeted therapies may hold promise as countermeasures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha M Kafai
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Hana Janova
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Matthew D Cain
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Yael Alippe
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Stefanie Muraro
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Alan Sariol
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Michelle Elam-Noll
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Robyn S Klein
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Michael S Diamond
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; The Andrew M. and Jane M. Bursky Center for Human Immunology and Immunotherapy Programs, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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9
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Qin C, Yang S, Chen M, Dong MH, Zhou LQ, Chu YH, Shen ZX, Bosco DB, Wu LJ, Tian DS, Wang W. Modulation of microglial metabolism facilitates regeneration in demyelination. iScience 2023; 26:106588. [PMID: 37138776 PMCID: PMC10149336 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Microglia exhibit diverse phenotypes in various central nervous system disorders and metabolic pathways exert crucial effects on microglial activation and effector functions. Here, we discovered two novel distinct microglial clusters, functionally associated with enhanced phagocytosis (PEMs) and myelination (MAMs) respectively, in human patients with multiple sclerosis by integrating public snRNA-seq data. Microglia adopt a PEMs phenotype during the early phase of demyelinated lesions, predominated in pro-inflammatory responses and aggravated glycolysis, while MAMs mainly emerged during the later phase, with regenerative signatures and enhanced oxidative phosphorylation. In addition, microglial triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (Trem2) was greatly involved in the phenotype transition in demyelination, but not indispensable for microglia transition toward PEMs. Rosiglitazone could promote microglial phenotype conversion from PEMs to MAMs, thus favoring myelin repair. Taken together, these findings provide insights into therapeutic interventions targeting immunometabolism to switch microglial phenotypes and facilitate regenerative capacity in demyelination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Qin
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Sheng Yang
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Man Chen
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Ming-Hao Dong
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Luo-Qi Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Yun-Hui Chu
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Zhu-Xia Shen
- Department of Cardiology, Jing’an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Dale B. Bosco
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Long-Jun Wu
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Dai-Shi Tian
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- Corresponding author
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- Corresponding author
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10
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Macintosh J, Michell-Robinson MA, Chen X, Chitsaz D, Kennedy TE, Bernard G. An optimized and validated protocol for the purification of PDGFRα+ oligodendrocyte precursor cells from mouse brain tissue via immunopanning. MethodsX 2023; 10:102051. [PMID: 36814689 PMCID: PMC9939712 DOI: 10.1016/j.mex.2023.102051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunopanning is an efficient and reliable method for isolating primary cells from rodent brain tissue, making it a valuable tool for researchers interested in in vitro glial models. Here, we present an immunopanning protocol optimized for the isolation of Platelet-Derived Growth Factor Receptor Alpha positive (PDGFRα+) oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) from mouse brain tissue that results in a high yield of pure OPCs from minimal quantities of starting tissue.•The protocol presented here is optimized for a PDGFRα-dependent selection of mouse OPCs using a commercial antibody, accounting for the relatively weaker adhesion of OPCs to the anti-PDGFRα plate as compared to other oligodendrocyte lineage markers (e.g., MOG).•A modified papain digestion step, with 95% O2/5% CO2 gas that is humidified prior to perfusion, significantly enhances the yield of dissociated cells and final yield of OPCs.•Isolating OPCs at the PDGFRα+ stage permits the expansion of cells in culture, facilitating studies using transgenic mice, and enables studies on the development of the oligodendrocyte lineage without the spatial and temporal complexity of in vivo studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Macintosh
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada,Child Health and Human Development Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Mackenzie A. Michell-Robinson
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada,Child Health and Human Development Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Xiaoru Chen
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada,Child Health and Human Development Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Daryan Chitsaz
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada,Neuroimmunology Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Timothy E. Kennedy
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada,Neuroimmunology Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Geneviève Bernard
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada,Child Health and Human Development Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada,Department of Pediatrics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada,Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada,Department Specialized Medicine, Division of Medical Genetics, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada,Corresponding author.
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11
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Barragán-Álvarez CP, Flores-Fernandez JM, Hernández-Pérez OR, Ávila-Gónzalez D, Díaz NF, Padilla-Camberos E, Dublan-García O, Gómez-Oliván LM, Diaz-Martinez NE. Recent advances in the use of CRISPR/Cas for understanding the early development of molecular gaps in glial cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:947769. [PMID: 36120556 PMCID: PMC9479146 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.947769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Glial cells are non-neuronal elements of the nervous system (NS) and play a central role in its development, maturation, and homeostasis. Glial cell interest has increased, leading to the discovery of novel study fields. The CRISPR/Cas system has been widely employed for NS understanding. Its use to study glial cells gives crucial information about their mechanisms and role in the central nervous system (CNS) and neurodegenerative disorders. Furthermore, the increasingly accelerated discovery of genes associated with the multiple implications of glial cells could be studied and complemented with the novel screening methods of high-content and single-cell screens at the genome-scale as Perturb-Seq, CRISP-seq, and CROPseq. Besides, the emerging methods, GESTALT, and LINNAEUS, employed to generate large-scale cell lineage maps have yielded invaluable information about processes involved in neurogenesis. These advances offer new therapeutic approaches to finding critical unanswered questions about glial cells and their fundamental role in the nervous system. Furthermore, they help to better understanding the significance of glial cells and their role in developmental biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Patricia Barragán-Álvarez
- Laboratorio de Reprogramación Celular y Bioingeniería de Tejidos, Biotecnología Médica y Farmacéutica, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño Del Estado de Jalisco, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - José Miguel Flores-Fernandez
- Departamento de Investigación e Innovación, Universidad Tecnológica de Oriental, Oriental, Mexico
- Department of Biochemistry & Centre for Prions and Protein Folding Diseases, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | | | - Daniela Ávila-Gónzalez
- Laboratorio de Reprogramación Celular y Bioingeniería de Tejidos, Biotecnología Médica y Farmacéutica, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño Del Estado de Jalisco, Guadalajara, Mexico
- Departamento de Fisiología y Desarrollo Celular, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología, México City, Mexico
| | - Nestor Fabian Díaz
- Departamento de Fisiología y Desarrollo Celular, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología, México City, Mexico
| | - Eduardo Padilla-Camberos
- Laboratorio de Reprogramación Celular y Bioingeniería de Tejidos, Biotecnología Médica y Farmacéutica, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño Del Estado de Jalisco, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Octavio Dublan-García
- Laboratorio de Alimentos y Toxicología Ambiental, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma Del Estado de México, Toluca, México
| | - Leobardo Manuel Gómez-Oliván
- Laboratorio de Alimentos y Toxicología Ambiental, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma Del Estado de México, Toluca, México
| | - Nestor Emmanuel Diaz-Martinez
- Laboratorio de Reprogramación Celular y Bioingeniería de Tejidos, Biotecnología Médica y Farmacéutica, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño Del Estado de Jalisco, Guadalajara, Mexico
- *Correspondence: Nestor Emmanuel Diaz-Martinez,
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12
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Liu X, Li C, Li J, Xie L, Hong Z, Zheng K, Zhao X, Yang A, Xu X, Tao H, Qiu M, Yang J. EGF signaling promotes the lineage conversion of astrocytes into oligodendrocytes. Mol Med 2022; 28:50. [PMID: 35508991 PMCID: PMC9066914 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-022-00478-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The conversion of astrocytes activated by nerve injuries to oligodendrocytes is not only beneficial to axonal remyelination, but also helpful for reversal of glial scar. Recent studies have shown that pathological niche promoted the Sox10-mediated astrocytic transdifferentiation to oligodendrocytes. The extracellular factors underlying the cell fate switching are not known. Methods Astrocytes were obtained from mouse spinal cord dissociation culture and purified by differential adherent properties. The lineage conversion of astrocytes into oligodendrocyte lineage cells was carried out by Sox10-expressing virus infection both in vitro and in vivo, meanwhile, epidermal growth factor (EGF) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitor Gefitinib were adopted to investigate the function of EGF signaling in this fate transition process. Pharmacological inhibition analyses were performed to examine the pathway connecting the EGF with the expression of oligodendrogenic genes and cell fate transdifferentiation. Results EGF treatment facilitated the Sox10-induced transformation of astrocytes to O4+ induced oligodendrocyte precursor cells (iOPCs) in vitro. The transdifferentiation of astrocytes to iOPCs went through two distinct but interconnected processes: (1) dedifferentiation of astrocytes to astrocyte precursor cells (APCs); (2) transformation of APCs to iOPCs, EGF signaling was involved in both processes. And EGF triggered astrocytes to express oligodendrogenic genes Olig1 and Olig2 by activating extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 and 2 (Erk1/2) pathway. In addition, we discovered that EGF can enhance astrocyte transdifferentiation in injured spinal cord tissues. Conclusions These findings provide strong evidence that EGF facilitates the transdifferentiation of astrocytes to oligodendrocytes, and suggest that targeting the EGF-EGFR-Erk1/2 signaling axis may represent a novel therapeutic strategy for myelin repair in injured central nervous system (CNS) tissues. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s10020-022-00478-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.,College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Conghui Li
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Jiao Li
- Department of Eugenics and Genetics, Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530003, China
| | - Lesi Xie
- Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Zeng Hong
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Kang Zheng
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Xiaofeng Zhao
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Aifen Yang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Xiaofeng Xu
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Huaping Tao
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Mengsheng Qiu
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China. .,College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China. .,Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 311121, China.
| | - Junlin Yang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China. .,Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 311121, China.
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13
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Aberle T, Piefke S, Hillgärtner S, Tamm ER, Wegner M, Küspert M. OUP accepted manuscript. Nucleic Acids Res 2022; 50:1951-1968. [PMID: 35137157 PMCID: PMC8887482 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkac042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In oligodendrocytes of the vertebrate central nervous system a complex network of transcriptional regulators is required to ensure correct and timely myelination of neuronal axons. Here we identify Zfp276, the only mammalian ZAD-domain containing zinc finger protein, as a transcriptional regulator of oligodendrocyte differentiation and central myelination downstream of Sox10. In the central nervous system, Zfp276 is exclusively expressed in mature oligodendrocytes. Oligodendroglial deletion of Zfp276 led to strongly reduced expression of myelin genes in the early postnatal mouse spinal cord. Retroviral overexpression of Zfp276 in cultured oligodendrocyte precursor cells induced precocious expression of maturation markers and myelin genes, further supporting its role in oligodendroglial differentiation. On the molecular level, Zfp276 directly binds to and represses Sox10-dependent gene regulatory regions of immaturity factors and functionally interacts with the transcriptional repressor Zeb2 to enable fast transition of oligodendrocytes to the myelinating stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Aberle
- Institut für Biochemie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sandra Piefke
- Institut für Biochemie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Simone Hillgärtner
- Institut für Biochemie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ernst R Tamm
- Institut für Humananatomie und Embryologie, Universität Regensburg, D-93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Michael Wegner
- Institut für Biochemie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Melanie Küspert
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +49 9131 85 24638; Fax: +49 9131 85 22484;
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14
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Shi L, Sun Z, Su W, Xu F, Xie D, Zhang Q, Dai X, Iyer K, Hitchens TK, Foley LM, Li S, Stolz DB, Chen K, Ding Y, Thomson AW, Leak RK, Chen J, Hu X. Treg cell-derived osteopontin promotes microglia-mediated white matter repair after ischemic stroke. Immunity 2021; 54:1527-1542.e8. [PMID: 34015256 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2021.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The precise mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of regulatory T (Treg) cells on long-term tissue repair remain elusive. Here, using single-cell RNA sequencing and flow cytometry, we found that Treg cells infiltrated the brain 1 to 5 weeks after experimental stroke in mice. Selective depletion of Treg cells diminished oligodendrogenesis, white matter repair, and functional recovery after stroke. Transcriptomic analyses revealed potent immunomodulatory effects of brain-infiltrating Treg cells on other immune cells, including monocyte-lineage cells. Microglia depletion, but not T cell lymphopenia, mitigated the beneficial effects of transferred Treg cells on white matter regeneration. Mechanistically, Treg cell-derived osteopontin acted through integrin receptors on microglia to enhance microglial reparative activity, consequently promoting oligodendrogenesis and white matter repair. Increasing Treg cell numbers by delivering IL-2:IL-2 antibody complexes after stroke improved white matter integrity and rescued neurological functions over the long term. These findings reveal Treg cells as a neurorestorative target for stroke recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ligen Shi
- Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders and Recovery and Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Zeyu Sun
- Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders and Recovery and Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Wei Su
- Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders and Recovery and Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Fei Xu
- Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders and Recovery and Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Health Care System, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Di Xie
- Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders and Recovery and Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Qingxiu Zhang
- Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders and Recovery and Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Xuejiao Dai
- Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders and Recovery and Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Kartik Iyer
- Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders and Recovery and Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - T Kevin Hitchens
- Animal Imaging Center and Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15203, USA
| | - Lesley M Foley
- Animal Imaging Center and Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15203, USA
| | - Sicheng Li
- Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders and Recovery and Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Donna B Stolz
- Center for Biologic Imaging, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Kong Chen
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Ying Ding
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Angus W Thomson
- Starzl Transplantation Institute, Department of Surgery and Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Rehana K Leak
- Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders and Recovery and Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA 15282, USA
| | - Jun Chen
- Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders and Recovery and Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Health Care System, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Xiaoming Hu
- Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders and Recovery and Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Health Care System, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.
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15
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Galichet C, Clayton RW, Lovell-Badge R. Novel Tools and Investigative Approaches for the Study of Oligodendrocyte Precursor Cells (NG2-Glia) in CNS Development and Disease. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:673132. [PMID: 33994951 PMCID: PMC8116629 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.673132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs), also referred to as NG2-glia, are the most proliferative cell type in the adult central nervous system. While the primary role of OPCs is to serve as progenitors for oligodendrocytes, in recent years, it has become increasingly clear that OPCs fulfil a number of other functions. Indeed, independent of their role as stem cells, it is evident that OPCs can regulate the metabolic environment, directly interact with and modulate neuronal function, maintain the blood brain barrier (BBB) and regulate inflammation. In this review article, we discuss the state-of-the-art tools and investigative approaches being used to characterize the biology and function of OPCs. From functional genetic investigation to single cell sequencing and from lineage tracing to functional imaging, we discuss the important discoveries uncovered by these techniques, such as functional and spatial OPC heterogeneity, novel OPC marker genes, the interaction of OPCs with other cells types, and how OPCs integrate and respond to signals from neighboring cells. Finally, we review the use of in vitro assay to assess OPC functions. These methodologies promise to lead to ever greater understanding of this enigmatic cell type, which in turn will shed light on the pathogenesis and potential treatment strategies for a number of diseases, such as multiple sclerosis (MS) and gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Galichet
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology and Developmental Genetics, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
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16
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Moreno-Luna R, Esteban PF, Paniagua-Torija B, Arevalo-Martin A, Garcia-Ovejero D, Molina-Holgado E. Heterogeneity of the Endocannabinoid System Between Cerebral Cortex and Spinal Cord Oligodendrocytes. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:689-702. [PMID: 33006124 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-02148-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In the last years, regional differences have been reported between the brain and spinal cord oligodendrocytes, which should be considered when designing therapeutic strategies for myelin repair. Promising targets to achieve myelin restoration are the different components of the endocannabinoid system (ECS) that modulate oligodendrocyte biology, but almost all studies have been focused on brain-derived cells. Therefore, we compared the ECS between the spinal cord and cerebral cortex-derived oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) and mature oligodendrocytes (OLs). Cells from both regions express synthesizing and degrading enzymes for the endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglycerol, and degrading enzymes increase with maturation, more notably in the spinal cord (monoglyceride lipase-MGLL, alpha/beta hydrolase domain-containing 6-ABHD6, and alpha/beta hydrolase domain-containing 12-ABHD12). In addition, spinal cord OPCs express higher levels of the synthesizing enzymes diacylglycerol lipases alpha (DAGLA) and beta (DAGLB) than cortical ones, DAGLA reaching statistical significance. Cells from both the cortex and spinal cord express low levels of NAEs synthesizing enzymes, except for the glycerophosphodiester phosphodiesterase 1 (GDE-1) but high levels of the degrading enzyme fatty acid amidohydrolase (FAAH) that increases with maturation. Finally, cells from both regions show similar levels of CB1 receptor and GPR55, but spinal cord-derived cells show significantly higher levels of transient receptor potential cation channel V1 (TRPV1) and CB2. Overall, our results show that the majority of the ECS components could be targeted in OPCs and OLs from both the spinal cord and brain, but regional heterogeneity has to be considered for DAGLA, MGLL, ABHD6, ABHD12, GDE1, CB2, or TRPV1.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Moreno-Luna
- Laboratory of Neuroinflammation (lab i2 06), Hospital Nacional de Paraplejicos-SESCAM, Finca La Peraleda s/n, 45071, Toledo, Spain
| | - P F Esteban
- Laboratory of Neuroinflammation (lab i2 06), Hospital Nacional de Paraplejicos-SESCAM, Finca La Peraleda s/n, 45071, Toledo, Spain
| | - B Paniagua-Torija
- Laboratory of Neuroinflammation (lab i2 06), Hospital Nacional de Paraplejicos-SESCAM, Finca La Peraleda s/n, 45071, Toledo, Spain
| | - A Arevalo-Martin
- Laboratory of Neuroinflammation (lab i2 06), Hospital Nacional de Paraplejicos-SESCAM, Finca La Peraleda s/n, 45071, Toledo, Spain
| | - D Garcia-Ovejero
- Laboratory of Neuroinflammation (lab i2 06), Hospital Nacional de Paraplejicos-SESCAM, Finca La Peraleda s/n, 45071, Toledo, Spain.
| | - E Molina-Holgado
- Laboratory of Neuroinflammation (lab i2 06), Hospital Nacional de Paraplejicos-SESCAM, Finca La Peraleda s/n, 45071, Toledo, Spain.
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17
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Vaes JEG, Brandt MJV, Wanders N, Benders MJNL, de Theije CGM, Gressens P, Nijboer CH. The impact of trophic and immunomodulatory factors on oligodendrocyte maturation: Potential treatments for encephalopathy of prematurity. Glia 2020; 69:1311-1340. [PMID: 33595855 PMCID: PMC8246971 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Encephalopathy of prematurity (EoP) is a major cause of morbidity in preterm neonates, causing neurodevelopmental adversities that can lead to lifelong impairments. Preterm birth-related insults, such as cerebral oxygen fluctuations and perinatal inflammation, are believed to negatively impact brain development, leading to a range of brain abnormalities. Diffuse white matter injury is a major hallmark of EoP and characterized by widespread hypomyelination, the result of disturbances in oligodendrocyte lineage development. At present, there are no treatment options available, despite the enormous burden of EoP on patients, their families, and society. Over the years, research in the field of neonatal brain injury and other white matter pathologies has led to the identification of several promising trophic factors and cytokines that contribute to the survival and maturation of oligodendrocytes, and/or dampening neuroinflammation. In this review, we discuss the current literature on selected factors and their therapeutic potential to combat EoP, covering a wide range of in vitro, preclinical and clinical studies. Furthermore, we offer a future perspective on the translatability of these factors into clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josine E G Vaes
- Department for Developmental Origins of Disease, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center and Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Neonatology, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center and Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Myrna J V Brandt
- Department for Developmental Origins of Disease, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center and Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Nikki Wanders
- Department for Developmental Origins of Disease, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center and Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Manon J N L Benders
- Department of Neonatology, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center and Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Caroline G M de Theije
- Department for Developmental Origins of Disease, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center and Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Cora H Nijboer
- Department for Developmental Origins of Disease, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center and Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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18
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Low-Field Magnetic Stimulation Accelerates the Differentiation of Oligodendrocyte Precursor Cells via Non-canonical TGF-β Signaling Pathways. Mol Neurobiol 2020; 58:855-866. [PMID: 33037982 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-02157-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Demyelination and oligodendrocyte loss are characteristic changes in demyelinating disorders. Low-field magnetic stimulation (LFMS) is a novel transcranial neuromodulation technology that has shown promising therapeutic potential for a variety of neuropsychiatric conditions. The cellular and molecular mechanisms of magnetic stimulation remain unclear. Previous studies mainly focused on the effects of magnetic stimulation on neuronal cells. Here we aimed to examine the effects of a gamma frequency LFMS on the glial progenitor cells. We used rat central glia-4 (CG4) cell line as an in vitro model. CG4 is a bipotential glial progenitor cell line that can differentiate into either oligodendrocyte or type 2-astrocyte. The cells cultured in a defined differentiation media were exposed to a 40-Hz LFMS 20 min daily for five consecutive days. We found that LFMS transiently elevated the level of TGF-β1 in the culture media in the first 24 h after the treatment. In correlation with the TGF-β1 levels, the percentage of cells possessing complex branches and expressing the late oligodendrocyte progenitor marker O4 was increased, indicating the accelerated differentiation of CG4 cells towards oligodendrocyte in LFMS-treated cultures. LFMS increased phosphorylation of Akt and Erk1/2 proteins, but not SMAD2/3. TGF-β1 receptor I specific inhibitor LY 364947 partially suppressed the effects of LFMS on differentiation and on levels of pAkt and pErk1/2, indicating that LFMS enhances the differentiation of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells via activation of non-canonical TGF-β-Akt and TGF-β-Erk1/2 pathways but not the canonical SMAD pathway. The data from this study reveal a novel mechanism of magnetic stimulation as a potential therapy for demyelination disorders.
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19
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De Kleijn KMA, Zuure WA, Peijnenborg J, Heuvelmans JM, Martens GJM. Reappraisal of Human HOG and MO3.13 Cell Lines as a Model to Study Oligodendrocyte Functioning. Cells 2019; 8:cells8091096. [PMID: 31533280 PMCID: PMC6769895 DOI: 10.3390/cells8091096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Myelination of neuronal axons is essential for proper brain functioning and requires mature myelinating oligodendrocytes (myOLs). The human OL cell lines HOG and MO3.13 have been widely used as in vitro models to study OL (dys) functioning. Here we applied a number of protocols aimed at differentiating HOG and MO3.13 cells into myOLs. However, none of the differentiation protocols led to increased expression of terminal OL differentiation or myelin-sheath formation markers. Surprisingly, the applied protocols did cause changes in the expression of markers for early OLs, neurons, astrocytes and Schwann cells. Furthermore, we noticed that mRNA expression levels in HOG and MO3.13 cells may be affected by the density of the cultured cells. Finally, HOG and MO3.13 co-cultured with human neuronal SH-SY5Y cells did not show myelin formation under several pro-OL-differentiation and pro-myelinating conditions. Together, our results illustrate the difficulty of inducing maturation of HOG and MO3.13 cells into myOLs, implying that these oligodendrocytic cell lines may not represent an appropriate model to study the (dys)functioning of human (my)OLs and OL-linked disease mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim M A De Kleijn
- Department of Molecular Animal Physiology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Centre for Neuroscience, Faculty of Science, Radboud University, 6525AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
- NeuroDrug Research, 6525 HP Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Wieteke A Zuure
- Department of Molecular Animal Physiology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Centre for Neuroscience, Faculty of Science, Radboud University, 6525AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Jolien Peijnenborg
- Department of Molecular Animal Physiology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Centre for Neuroscience, Faculty of Science, Radboud University, 6525AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Josje M Heuvelmans
- Department of Molecular Animal Physiology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Centre for Neuroscience, Faculty of Science, Radboud University, 6525AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Gerard J M Martens
- Department of Molecular Animal Physiology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Centre for Neuroscience, Faculty of Science, Radboud University, 6525AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
- NeuroDrug Research, 6525 HP Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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20
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Kroehne V, Tsata V, Marrone L, Froeb C, Reinhardt S, Gompf A, Dahl A, Sterneckert J, Reimer MM. Primary Spinal OPC Culture System from Adult Zebrafish to Study Oligodendrocyte Differentiation In Vitro. Front Cell Neurosci 2017; 11:284. [PMID: 28959189 PMCID: PMC5603699 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2017.00284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Endogenous oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) are a promising target to improve functional recovery after spinal cord injury (SCI) by remyelinating denuded, and therefore vulnerable, axons. Demyelination is the result of a primary insult and secondary injury, leading to conduction blocks and long-term degeneration of the axons, which subsequently can lead to the loss of their neurons. In response to SCI, dormant OPCs can be activated and subsequently start to proliferate and differentiate into mature myelinating oligodendrocytes (OLs). Therefore, researchers strive to control OPC responses, and utilize small molecule screening approaches in order to identify mechanisms of OPC activation, proliferation, migration and differentiation. In zebrafish, OPCs remyelinate axons of the optic tract after lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC)-induced demyelination back to full thickness myelin sheaths. In contrast to zebrafish, mammalian OPCs are highly vulnerable to excitotoxic stress, a cause of secondary injury, and remyelination remains insufficient. Generally, injury induced remyelination leads to shorter internodes and thinner myelin sheaths in mammals. In this study, we show that myelin sheaths are lost early after a complete spinal transection injury, but are re-established within 14 days after lesion. We introduce a novel, easy-to-use, inexpensive and highly reproducible OPC culture system based on dormant spinal OPCs from adult zebrafish that enables in vitro analysis. Zebrafish OPCs are robust, can easily be purified with high viability and taken into cell culture. This method enables to examine why zebrafish OPCs remyelinate better than their mammalian counterparts, identify cell intrinsic responses, which could lead to pro-proliferating or pro-differentiating strategies, and to test small molecule approaches. In this methodology paper, we show efficient isolation of OPCs from adult zebrafish spinal cord and describe culture conditions that enable analysis up to 10 days in vitro. Finally, we demonstrate that zebrafish OPCs differentiate into Myelin Basic Protein (MBP)-expressing OLs when co-cultured with human motor neurons differentiated from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). This shows that the basic mechanisms of oligodendrocyte differentiation are conserved across species and that understanding the regulation of zebrafish OPCs can contribute to the development of new treatments to human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Volker Kroehne
- DFG-Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Cluster of Excellence, Technische Universität DresdenDresden, Germany
| | - Vasiliki Tsata
- DFG-Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Cluster of Excellence, Technische Universität DresdenDresden, Germany
| | - Lara Marrone
- DFG-Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Cluster of Excellence, Technische Universität DresdenDresden, Germany
| | - Claudia Froeb
- DFG-Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Cluster of Excellence, Technische Universität DresdenDresden, Germany
| | - Susanne Reinhardt
- DFG-Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Cluster of Excellence, Technische Universität DresdenDresden, Germany.,Deep Sequencing Group, Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering (CMCB), Biotechnologisches Zentrum (BIOTEC), Technische Universität DresdenDresden, Germany
| | - Anne Gompf
- DFG-Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Cluster of Excellence, Technische Universität DresdenDresden, Germany
| | - Andreas Dahl
- DFG-Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Cluster of Excellence, Technische Universität DresdenDresden, Germany.,Deep Sequencing Group, Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering (CMCB), Biotechnologisches Zentrum (BIOTEC), Technische Universität DresdenDresden, Germany
| | - Jared Sterneckert
- DFG-Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Cluster of Excellence, Technische Universität DresdenDresden, Germany
| | - Michell M Reimer
- DFG-Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Cluster of Excellence, Technische Universität DresdenDresden, Germany
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21
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Yang J, Cheng X, Qi J, Xie B, Zhao X, Zheng K, Zhang Z, Qiu M. EGF Enhances Oligodendrogenesis from Glial Progenitor Cells. Front Mol Neurosci 2017; 10:106. [PMID: 28442994 PMCID: PMC5387051 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2017.00106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence indicates that epidermal growth factor (EGF) signaling plays a positive role in myelin development and repair, but little is known about its biological effects on the early generation and differentiation of oligodendrocyte (OL) lineage cells. In this study, we investigated the role of EGF in early OL development with isolated glial restricted precursor (GRP) cells. It was found that EGF collaborated with Platelet Derived Growth Factor-AA (PDGFaa) to promote the survival and self-renewal of GRP cells, but predisposed GRP cells to develop into O4- early-stage oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) in the absence of or PDGFaa. In OPCs, EGF synergized with PDGFaa to maintain their O4 negative antigenic phenotype. Upon PDGFaa withdrawal, EGF promoted the terminal differentiation of OPCs by reducing apoptosis and increasing the number of mature OLs. Together, these data revealed that EGF is an important mitogen to enhance oligodendroglial development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junlin Yang
- The Institute of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration, College of Life and Environment Sciences, Hangzhou Normal UniversityHangzhou, China
| | - Xuejun Cheng
- The Institute of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration, College of Life and Environment Sciences, Hangzhou Normal UniversityHangzhou, China
| | - Jiajun Qi
- The Institute of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration, College of Life and Environment Sciences, Hangzhou Normal UniversityHangzhou, China
| | - Binghua Xie
- The Institute of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration, College of Life and Environment Sciences, Hangzhou Normal UniversityHangzhou, China
| | - Xiaofeng Zhao
- The Institute of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration, College of Life and Environment Sciences, Hangzhou Normal UniversityHangzhou, China
| | - Kang Zheng
- The Institute of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration, College of Life and Environment Sciences, Hangzhou Normal UniversityHangzhou, China
| | - Zunyi Zhang
- The Institute of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration, College of Life and Environment Sciences, Hangzhou Normal UniversityHangzhou, China
| | - Mengsheng Qiu
- The Institute of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration, College of Life and Environment Sciences, Hangzhou Normal UniversityHangzhou, China.,Department of Anatomical Sciences and Neurobiology, University of LouisvilleLouisville, KY, USA
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22
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齐 琦, 朱 安, 吕 合, 胡 建. [Conditioned medium from rat RSC96 cells promotes proliferation of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells in vitro]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2017; 37:317-322. [PMID: 28377346 PMCID: PMC6780444 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-4254.2017.03.07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of conditioned medium from rat RSC96 cells (RSC96-CM) on the proliferation of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) and explore the underlying mechanism. METHODS OPCs isolated from the spinal cords of SD rats of embryonic day 15 using immunopanning were treated with RSC96-CM. The proliferation of OPCs was detected using 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation assay. The mRNA expressions of PDGF-AA and bFGF in RSC96 cells were detected using RT-PCR, and their protein concentrations in RSC96-CM were detected with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The effects of PDGF-AA and bFGF in RSC96-CM on OPC proliferation and the roles of ERK and JNK signaling pathways in RSC96-CM-induced OPC proliferation were determined by application of their specific inhibitors. RESULTS The percentage of BrdU+ OPCs was significantly increased in response to treatment with RSC96-CM (P<0.05), reaching the peak level when 50% RSC96-CM was added in the cell culture. RSC96 cells expressed a substantial amount of PDGF-AA and bFGF mRNAs, and PDGF-AA and bFGF protein concentrations in RSC96-CM were higher than those in a conditioned medium (B104CM) we used previously by 0.87 and 0.92 folds, respectively. Both the specific inhibitor of PDGFR signal pathway (AG1295) and the specific inhibitor of bFGFR signal pathway (PD173074) significantly attenuated RSC96-CM-induced OPC proliferation. The specific inhibitors of ERK signal pathway (U0126) and JNK signal pathway (SP600125) significantly decreased the percentage of BrdU+ cells in RSC96-CM-induced OPCs (P<0.01). CONCLUSION RSC96-CM can effectively promote OPC proliferation, possibly as a result of PDGF-AA and bFGF secretion by RSC96 cells to activate ERK1/2 and JNK signaling pathways. RSC96- CM can be used as a routine stimulator for promoting OPC proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- 琦 齐
- 蚌埠医学院,组织学与胚胎学教研室,安徽 蚌埠 233030Department of Histology and Embryology, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233030, China
- 蚌埠医学院,组织移植安徽省重点实验室,安徽 蚌埠 233030Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, Bengbu 233030, China
| | - 安友 朱
- 蚌埠医学院,组织移植安徽省重点实验室,安徽 蚌埠 233030Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, Bengbu 233030, China
- 第一附属医院检验科,安徽 蚌埠 233004Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233004, China
| | - 合作 吕
- 蚌埠医学院,组织移植安徽省重点实验室,安徽 蚌埠 233030Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, Bengbu 233030, China
- 第一附属医院检验科,安徽 蚌埠 233004Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233004, China
| | - 建国 胡
- 蚌埠医学院,组织移植安徽省重点实验室,安徽 蚌埠 233030Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, Bengbu 233030, China
- 第一附属医院检验科,安徽 蚌埠 233004Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233004, China
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23
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Cheng X, Xie B, Qi J, Zhao X, Zhang Z, Qiu M, Yang J. Rat astrocytes are more supportive for mouse OPC self-renewal than mouse astrocytes in culture. Dev Neurobiol 2016; 77:907-916. [PMID: 28033654 DOI: 10.1002/dneu.22476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Revised: 11/27/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Mouse primary oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) are increasingly used to study the molecular mechanisms underlying the phenotype changes in oligodendrocyte differentiation and axonal myelination observed in transgenic or mutant mouse models. However, mouse OPCs are much more difficult to be isolated by the simple dissociation culture of brain tissues than their rat counterparts. To date, the mechanisms underlying the species difference in OPC preparation remain obscure. In this study, we showed that astrocytes from rats have a stronger effect than those from mouse in promoting OPC proliferation and survival in vitro. Mouse astrocytes displayed significantly weaker viability in culture and reduced potential in maintaining OPC self-renewal, as confirmed by culturing OPCs with conditioned media from rat or mouse astrocytes. These results explained the reason for why stratified cultures of OPCs and astrocytes are difficult to be achieved in mouse CNS tissues. Based on these findings, we adopted inactivated rat astrocytes as feeder cells to support the self-renewal of mouse cortical OPCs and preparation of high-purity mouse OPCs. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 77: 907-916, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejun Cheng
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration, College of Life and Environment Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310036, China
| | - Binghua Xie
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration, College of Life and Environment Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310036, China
| | - Jiajun Qi
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration, College of Life and Environment Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310036, China
| | - Xiaofeng Zhao
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration, College of Life and Environment Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310036, China
| | - Zunyi Zhang
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration, College of Life and Environment Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310036, China
| | - Mengsheng Qiu
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration, College of Life and Environment Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310036, China.,Department of Anatomical Sciences and Neurobiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, 40292
| | - Junlin Yang
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration, College of Life and Environment Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310036, China
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