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Rodriguez P, Laskowski LJ, Pallais JP, Bock HA, Cavalco NG, Anderson EI, Calkins MM, Razzoli M, Sham YY, McCorvy JD, Bartolomucci A. Functional profiling of the G protein-coupled receptor C3aR1 reveals ligand-mediated biased agonism. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:105549. [PMID: 38072064 PMCID: PMC10796979 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are leading druggable targets for several medicines, but many GPCRs are still untapped for their therapeutic potential due to poor understanding of specific signaling properties. The complement C3a receptor 1 (C3aR1) has been extensively studied for its physiological role in C3a-mediated anaphylaxis/inflammation, and in TLQP-21-mediated lipolysis, but direct evidence for the functional relevance of the C3a and TLQP-21 ligands and signal transduction mechanisms are still limited. In addition, C3aR1 G protein coupling specificity is still unclear, and whether endogenous ligands, or drug-like compounds, show ligand-mediated biased agonism is unknown. Here, we demonstrate that C3aR1 couples preferentially to Gi/o/z proteins and can recruit β-arrestins to cause internalization. Furthermore, we showed that in comparison to C3a63-77, TLQP-21 exhibits a preference toward Gi/o-mediated signaling compared to β-arrestin recruitment and internalization. We also show that the purported antagonist SB290157 is a very potent C3aR1 agonist, where antagonism of ligand-stimulated C3aR1 calcium flux is caused by potent β-arrestin-mediated internalization. Finally, ligand-mediated signaling bias impacted cell function as demonstrated by the regulation of calcium influx, lipolysis in adipocytes, phagocytosis in microglia, and degranulation in mast cells. Overall, we characterize C3aR1 as a Gi/o/z-coupled receptor and demonstrate the functional relevance of ligand-mediated signaling bias in key cellular models. Due to C3aR1 and its endogenous ligands being implicated in inflammatory and metabolic diseases, these results are of relevance toward future C3aR1 drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Rodriguez
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Lauren J Laskowski
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Jean Pierre Pallais
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Hailey A Bock
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Natalie G Cavalco
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Emilie I Anderson
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Maggie M Calkins
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Maria Razzoli
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Yuk Y Sham
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - John D McCorvy
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA.
| | - Alessandro Bartolomucci
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.
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Yang X, Cao Q, Guo Y, He J, Xu D, Lin A. GSDMD knockdown attenuates phagocytic activity of microglia and exacerbates seizure susceptibility in TLE mice. J Neuroinflammation 2023; 20:193. [PMID: 37612735 PMCID: PMC10464294 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-023-02876-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is often characterized pathologically by severe neuronal loss in the hippocampus. Phagocytic activity of microglia is essential for clearing apoptotic neuronal debris, allowing for repair and regeneration. Our previous research has shown that gasdermin D (GSDMD)-mediated pyroptosis is involved in the pathogenesis of TLE. However, whether GSDMD-mediated pyroptosis influences the accumulation of apoptotic neurons remains unclear. Therefore, the present study was designed to investigate whether phagocytic activity of microglia is involved in GSDMD-mediated pyroptosis and the pathogenesis of TLE. METHODS To establish a TLE model, an intra-amygdala injection of kainic acid (KA) was performed. The Racine score and local field potential (LFP) recordings were used to assess seizure severity. Neuronal death in the bilateral hippocampus was assessed by Nissl staining and TUNEL staining. Microglial morphology and phagocytic activity were detected by immunofluorescence and verified by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and the P2Y12R agonist 2MeSADP. RESULTS GSDMD knockdown augmented the accumulation of apoptotic neurons and seizure susceptibility in TLE mice. Microglia activated and transition to the M1 type with increased pro-inflammatory cytokines. Furthermore, GSDMD knockdown attenuated the migration and phagocytic activity of microglia. Of note, LPS-activated microglia attenuated seizure susceptibility and the accumulation of apoptotic neurons in TLE after GSDMD knockdown. A P2Y12R selective agonist, 2MeSADP, enhanced the migration and phagocytic activity of microglia. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate that GSDMD knockdown exacerbates seizure susceptibility and the accumulation of apoptotic neurons by attenuating phagocytic activity of microglia. These findings suggest that GSDMD plays a protective role against KA-induced seizure susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxia Yang
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Anshan Road No. 154, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Qingqing Cao
- Department of Neurology, Bishan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Bishan Hospital of Chongqing, No. 9 Shuangxing Road, Chongqing, 402760, China
| | - Yi Guo
- Department of Neurology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, 32# W. Sec 2, 1st Ring Rd, Chengdu, 610072, Sichuan, China
| | - Jingchuan He
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, No.6 Jizhao Road Jinnan District, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Demei Xu
- Department of Neurology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1Youyi Road, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Aolei Lin
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Anshan Road No. 154, Tianjin, 300052, China.
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D’Aloia A, Molteni L, Gullo F, Bresciani E, Artusa V, Rizzi L, Ceriani M, Meanti R, Lecchi M, Coco S, Costa B, Torsello A. Palmitoylethanolamide Modulation of Microglia Activation: Characterization of Mechanisms of Action and Implication for Its Neuroprotective Effects. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22063054. [PMID: 33802689 PMCID: PMC8002502 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22063054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) is an endogenous lipid produced on demand by neurons and glial cells that displays neuroprotective properties. It is well known that inflammation and neuronal damage are strictly related processes and that microglia play a pivotal role in their regulation. The aim of the present work was to assess whether PEA could exert its neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects through the modulation of microglia reactive phenotypes. In N9 microglial cells, the pre-incubation with PEA blunted the increase of M1 pro-inflammatory markers induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), concomitantly increasing those M2 anti-inflammatory markers. Images of microglial cells were processed to obtain a set of morphological parameters that highlighted the ability of PEA to inhibit the LPS-induced M1 polarization and suggested that PEA might induce the anti-inflammatory M2a phenotype. Functionally, PEA prevented Ca2+ transients in both N9 cells and primary microglia and antagonized the neuronal hyperexcitability induced by LPS, as revealed by multi-electrode array (MEA) measurements on primary cortical cultures of neurons, microglia, and astrocyte. Finally, the investigation of the molecular pathway indicated that PEA effects are not mediated by toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4); on the contrary, a partial involvement of cannabinoid type 2 receptor (CB2R) was shown by using a selective receptor inverse agonist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia D’Aloia
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy; (A.D.); (F.G.); (V.A.); (M.C.); (M.L.)
| | - Laura Molteni
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy; (L.M.); (E.B.); (L.R.); (R.M.); (S.C.)
| | - Francesca Gullo
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy; (A.D.); (F.G.); (V.A.); (M.C.); (M.L.)
| | - Elena Bresciani
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy; (L.M.); (E.B.); (L.R.); (R.M.); (S.C.)
| | - Valentina Artusa
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy; (A.D.); (F.G.); (V.A.); (M.C.); (M.L.)
| | - Laura Rizzi
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy; (L.M.); (E.B.); (L.R.); (R.M.); (S.C.)
| | - Michela Ceriani
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy; (A.D.); (F.G.); (V.A.); (M.C.); (M.L.)
| | - Ramona Meanti
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy; (L.M.); (E.B.); (L.R.); (R.M.); (S.C.)
| | - Marzia Lecchi
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy; (A.D.); (F.G.); (V.A.); (M.C.); (M.L.)
| | - Silvia Coco
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy; (L.M.); (E.B.); (L.R.); (R.M.); (S.C.)
| | - Barbara Costa
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy; (A.D.); (F.G.); (V.A.); (M.C.); (M.L.)
- Correspondence: (B.C.); (A.T.)
| | - Antonio Torsello
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy; (L.M.); (E.B.); (L.R.); (R.M.); (S.C.)
- Correspondence: (B.C.); (A.T.)
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4
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Cho K, Jang YJ, Lee SJ, Jeon YN, Shim YL, Lee JY, Lim DS, Kim DH, Yoon SY. TLQP-21 mediated activation of microglial BV2 cells promotes clearance of extracellular fibril amyloid-β. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 524:764-771. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.01.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Zambelli V, Rizzi L, Delvecchio P, Bresciani E, Molteni L, Meanti R, Pascal V, Fehrentz JA, Omeljaniuk RJ, Bellani G, Torsello A. JMV5656, a short synthetic derivative of TLQP-21, alleviates acid-induced lung injury and fibrosis in mice. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2020; 62:101916. [PMID: 32205280 DOI: 10.1016/j.pupt.2020.101916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
TLQP-21, a peptide encoded by the prohormone VGF, is expressed in neuroendocrine cells and can modulate inflammatory processes. Since TLQP-21 can bind the complement 3a receptor 1 on macrophages, interest has risen in this peptide as a potential drug for the treatment of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS), whose hospital mortality can reach 35-46%. Since no effective pharmacologic therapies are available, our aim was to exploit the potential of a short analog of TLQP-21(JMV5656) in order to modulate the inflammatory process in ARDS and the progression to pulmonary fibrosis in an experimental model of unilateral acid aspiration in mice. Mice were divided in 2 treatment groups. In the acute protocol, mice received intra-peritoneal injection of either vehicle or 0.6 mg/kg JMV5656 on experimental days 1 and 2, and ARDS was induced on day 3 under deep anesthesia by instillation of HCl (1.5 ml/kg of 0.1 M HCl in 0.9% NaCl) into the right lung; all measurements were performed 24 h later. In the subacute protocol, mice were treated as previously, but treatment with vehicle or JMV5656 was repeated also on day 4 and measurements were made 2 weeks later. Twenty-four hours after acid instillation, the total number of immune cell in the BAL rose sharply due primarily to an increase in the PMN population which increased from 1% up to 58% of total cell numbers. JMV5656 significantly reduced PMN recruitment into the alveolar space, but had no effects on cytokine levels in BAL. Two weeks after acid injury, static compliance of the right lung was significantly higher in the JMV5656-treated group compared to vehicle-treated group. Treatment with JMV5656 also blunted the acid-induced collagen deposition in the right lung. These results suggest that JMV5656 can ameliorate mechanical compliance, and reduce collagen deposition in acid-injured lungs in mice. This effect was likely due to the ability of JMV5656 to inhibit PMN recruitment in the injured lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Zambelli
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Laura Rizzi
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy.
| | - Paolo Delvecchio
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Elena Bresciani
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Laura Molteni
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Ramona Meanti
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Verdiè Pascal
- Max Mousseron Institute of Biomolecules UMR5247, CNRS, University of Montpellier, ENSCM, Montpellier, France
| | - Jean-Alain Fehrentz
- Max Mousseron Institute of Biomolecules UMR5247, CNRS, University of Montpellier, ENSCM, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Giacomo Bellani
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Antonio Torsello
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
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Bresciani E, Possenti R, Coco S, Rizzi L, Meanti R, Molteni L, Locatelli V, Torsello A. TLQP-21, A VGF-Derived Peptide Endowed of Endocrine and Extraendocrine Properties: Focus on In Vitro Calcium Signaling. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 21:ijms21010130. [PMID: 31878142 PMCID: PMC6982260 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21010130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
VGF gene encodes for a neuropeptide precursor of 68 kDa composed by 615 (human) and 617 (rat, mice) residues, expressed prevalently in the central nervous system (CNS), but also in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) and in various endocrine cells. This precursor undergoes proteolytic cleavage, generating a family of peptides different in length and biological activity. Among them, TLQP-21, a peptide of 21 amino acids, has been widely investigated for its relevant endocrine and extraendocrine activities. The complement complement C3a receptor-1 (C3aR1) has been suggested as the TLQP-21 receptor and, in different cell lines, its activation by TLQP-21 induces an increase of intracellular Ca2+. This effect relies both on Ca2+ release from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and extracellular Ca2+ entry. The latter depends on stromal interaction molecules (STIM)-Orai1 interaction or transient receptor potential channel (TRPC) involvement. After Ca2+ entry, the activation of outward K+-Ca2+-dependent currents, mainly the KCa3.1 currents, provides a membrane polarizing influence which offset the depolarizing action of Ca2+ elevation and indirectly maintains the driving force for optimal Ca2+ increase in the cytosol. In this review, we address the main endocrine and extraendocrine actions displayed by TLQP-21, highlighting recent findings on its mechanism of action and its potential in different pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Bresciani
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy; (S.C.); (L.R.); (R.M.); (L.M.); (V.L.); (A.T.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Roberta Possenti
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Roma Tor Vergata, 00133 Roma, Italy;
| | - Silvia Coco
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy; (S.C.); (L.R.); (R.M.); (L.M.); (V.L.); (A.T.)
| | - Laura Rizzi
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy; (S.C.); (L.R.); (R.M.); (L.M.); (V.L.); (A.T.)
| | - Ramona Meanti
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy; (S.C.); (L.R.); (R.M.); (L.M.); (V.L.); (A.T.)
| | - Laura Molteni
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy; (S.C.); (L.R.); (R.M.); (L.M.); (V.L.); (A.T.)
| | - Vittorio Locatelli
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy; (S.C.); (L.R.); (R.M.); (L.M.); (V.L.); (A.T.)
| | - Antonio Torsello
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy; (S.C.); (L.R.); (R.M.); (L.M.); (V.L.); (A.T.)
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7
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Sahu BS, Rodriguez P, Nguyen ME, Han R, Cero C, Razzoli M, Piaggi P, Laskowski LJ, Pavlicev M, Muglia L, Mahata SK, O'Grady S, McCorvy JD, Baier LJ, Sham YY, Bartolomucci A. Peptide/Receptor Co-evolution Explains the Lipolytic Function of the Neuropeptide TLQP-21. Cell Rep 2019; 28:2567-2580.e6. [PMID: 31484069 PMCID: PMC6753381 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.07.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Structural and functional diversity of peptides and GPCR result from long evolutionary processes. Even small changes in sequence can alter receptor activation, affecting therapeutic efficacy. We conducted a structure-function relationship study on the neuropeptide TLQP-21, a promising target for obesity, and its complement 3a receptor (C3aR1). After having characterized the TLQP-21/C3aR1 lipolytic mechanism, a homology modeling and molecular dynamics simulation identified the TLQP-21 binding motif and C3aR1 binding site for the human (h) and mouse (m) molecules. mTLQP-21 showed enhanced binding affinity and potency for hC3aR1 compared with hTLQP-21. Consistently, mTLQP-21, but not hTLQP-21, potentiates lipolysis in human adipocytes. These findings led us to uncover five mutations in the C3aR1 binding pocket of the rodent Murinae subfamily that are causal for enhanced calculated affinity and measured potency of TLQP-21. Identifying functionally relevant peptide/receptor co-evolution mechanisms can facilitate the development of innovative pharmacotherapies for obesity and other diseases implicating GPCRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhavani S Sahu
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota, 2231 6(th) St. SE, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Pedro Rodriguez
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota, 2231 6(th) St. SE, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Megin E Nguyen
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota, 2231 6(th) St. SE, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Ruijun Han
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota, 2231 6(th) St. SE, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Cheryl Cero
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota, 2231 6(th) St. SE, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Maria Razzoli
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota, 2231 6(th) St. SE, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Paolo Piaggi
- Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Lauren J Laskowski
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Mihaela Pavlicev
- Division of Human Genetics, Center for Prevention of Preterm Birth, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Louis Muglia
- Division of Human Genetics, Center for Prevention of Preterm Birth, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Sushil K Mahata
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Scott O'Grady
- Department of Animal Science, University of Minnesota, 480 Haecker Hall, 1364 Eckles Avenue, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | - John D McCorvy
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Leslie J Baier
- Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Yuk Y Sham
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota, 2231 6(th) St. SE, Minneapolis, MN, USA; Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Program, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Alessandro Bartolomucci
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota, 2231 6(th) St. SE, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
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Molteni L, Rizzi L, Bresciani E, Meanti R, Fehrentz JA, Verdié P, Omeljaniuk RJ, Biagini G, Locatelli V, Torsello A. STIM Proteins and Orai Ca 2+ Channels Are Involved in the Intracellular Pathways Activated by TLQP-21 in RAW264.7 Macrophages. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:1386. [PMID: 30542288 PMCID: PMC6277904 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
TLQP-21 is a neuropeptide which has been implicated in regulation of nociception and other relevant physiologic functions. Although recent studies identified C3a and gC1q receptors as targets for TLQP-21, its intracellular molecular mechanisms of action remain largely unidentified. Our aim was (i) to explore the intracellular signaling pathway(s) activated by JMV5656, a novel derivative of TLQP-21, in RAW264.7 macrophages, and (ii) to assess linkages of these pathways with its purported receptors. JMV5656 stimulated, in a dose-dependent fashion, a rapid and transient increase in intracellular Ca2+ concentrations in RAW264.7 cells; repeated exposure to the peptide resulted in a lower response, suggesting a possible desensitization mechanism of the receptor. In particular, JMV5656 increased cytoplasmic Ca2+ levels by a PLC-dependent release of Ca2+ from the endoplasmic reticulum. STIM proteins and Orai Ca2+ channels were activated and played a crucial role. In fact, treatment of the cells with U73122 and thapsigargin modulated the increase of intracellular Ca2+ levels stimulated by JMV5656. Moreover, in RAW264.7 cells intracellular Ca2+ increases did not occur through the binding of JMV5656 to the C3a receptor, since the increase of intracellular Ca2+ levels induced by JMV5656 was not affected by specific siRNA against C3aR. In summary, our study provides new indications for the downstream effects of JMV5656 in macrophages, suggesting that it could activate receptors different from the C3aR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Molteni
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Laura Rizzi
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Elena Bresciani
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Ramona Meanti
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Jean-Alain Fehrentz
- CNRS, Max Mousseron Institute of Biomolecules UMR5247, ENSCM, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Pascal Verdié
- CNRS, Max Mousseron Institute of Biomolecules UMR5247, ENSCM, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Giuseppe Biagini
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, Laboratory of Experimental Epileptology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Vittorio Locatelli
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Antonio Torsello
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
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