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Black BJ, Ghazal RE, Lojek N, Williams V, Rajput JS, Lawson JM. Phenotypic Screening of Prospective Analgesics Among FDA-Approved Compounds using an iPSC-Based Model of Acute and Chronic Inflammatory Nociception. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2303724. [PMID: 38189546 PMCID: PMC10953557 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202303724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Classical target-based drug screening is low-throughput, largely subjective, and costly. Phenotypic screening based on in vitro models is increasingly being used to identify candidate compounds that modulate complex cell/tissue functions. Chronic inflammatory nociception, and subsequent chronic pain conditions, affect peripheral sensory neuron activity (e.g., firing of action potentials) through myriad pathways, and remain unaddressed in regard to effective, non-addictive management/treatment options. Here, a chronic inflammatory nociception model is demonstrated based on induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) sensory neurons and glia, co-cultured on microelectrode arrays (MEAs). iPSC sensory co-cultures exhibit coordinated spontaneous extracellular action potential (EAP) firing, reaching a stable baseline after ≈27 days in vitro (DIV). Spontaneous and evoked EAP metrics are significantly modulated by 24-h incubation with tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), representing an inflammatory phenotype. Compared with positive controls (lidocaine), this model is identified as an "excellent" stand-alone assay based on a modified Z' assay quality metric. This model is then used to screen 15 cherry-picked, off-label, Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved compounds; 10 of 15 are identified as "hits". Both hits and "misses" are discussed in turn. In total, this data suggests that iPSC sensory co-cultures on MEAs may represent a moderate-to-high-throughput assay for drug discovery targeting inflammatory nociception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan James Black
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringFrancis College of EngineeringUniversity of Massachusetts LowellLowellMA01854USA
| | - Rasha El Ghazal
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringFrancis College of EngineeringUniversity of Massachusetts LowellLowellMA01854USA
| | - Neal Lojek
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringFrancis College of EngineeringUniversity of Massachusetts LowellLowellMA01854USA
| | - Victoria Williams
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringFrancis College of EngineeringUniversity of Massachusetts LowellLowellMA01854USA
| | - Jai Singh Rajput
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringFrancis College of EngineeringUniversity of Massachusetts LowellLowellMA01854USA
| | - Jennifer M. Lawson
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringFrancis College of EngineeringUniversity of Massachusetts LowellLowellMA01854USA
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2
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Ishibashi Y, Nagafuku N, Kinoshita K, Okamura A, Shirakawa T, Suzuki I. Verification of the seizure liability of compounds based on their in vitro functional activity in cultured rat cortical neurons and co-cultured human iPSC-derived neurons with astrocytes and in vivo extrapolation to cerebrospinal fluid concentration. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2023; 476:116675. [PMID: 37661062 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2023.116675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Methodical screening of safe and efficient drug candidate compounds is crucial for drug development. A high-throughput and accurate compound evaluation method targeting the central nervous system can be developed using in vitro neural networks. In particular, an evaluation system based on a human-derived neural network that can act as an alternative to animal experiments is desirable to avoid interspecific differences. A microelectrode array (MEA) is one such evaluation system, and can measure in vitro neural activity; however, studies on compound evaluation criteria and in vitro to in vivo extrapolation are scarce. In this study, we identified the parameters that can eliminate the effects of solvents from neural activity data obtained using MEA allow for accurate compound evaluation. Additionally, we resolved the issue associated with compound evaluation criteria during MEA using principal component analysis by considering the neuronal activity exceeding standard deviation (SD) of the solvent as indicator of seizurogenic potential. Overall, 10 seizurogenic compounds and three negative controls were assessed using MEA-based co-cultured human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neurons and astrocytes, and primary rat cortical neurons. In addition, we determined rat cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) concentrations during tremor and convulsion in response to exposure to test compounds. To characterize the in vitro to in vivo extrapolation and species differences, we compared the concentrations at which neuronal activity exceeding the SD range of the solvent was detectable using the MEA system and rat CSF concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Ishibashi
- Department of Electronics, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku Institute of Technology, 35-1 Yagiyama Kasumicho, Taihaku-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 982-8577, Japan
| | - N Nagafuku
- Department of Electronics, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku Institute of Technology, 35-1 Yagiyama Kasumicho, Taihaku-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 982-8577, Japan
| | - K Kinoshita
- Drug Safety Research Labs, Astellas Pharma Inc., 21 Miyukigaoka, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8585, Japan
| | - A Okamura
- Drug Safety Research Labs, Astellas Pharma Inc., 21 Miyukigaoka, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8585, Japan
| | - T Shirakawa
- Drug Safety Research Labs, Astellas Pharma Inc., 21 Miyukigaoka, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8585, Japan
| | - I Suzuki
- Department of Electronics, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku Institute of Technology, 35-1 Yagiyama Kasumicho, Taihaku-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 982-8577, Japan.
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3
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Suzuki I, Matsuda N, Han X, Noji S, Shibata M, Nagafuku N, Ishibashi Y. Large-Area Field Potential Imaging Having Single Neuron Resolution Using 236 880 Electrodes CMOS-MEA Technology. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023:e2207732. [PMID: 37088859 PMCID: PMC10369302 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202207732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The electrophysiological technology having a high spatiotemporal resolution at the single-cell level and noninvasive measurements of large areas provide insights on underlying neuronal function. Here, a complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS)-microelectrode array (MEA) is used that uses 236 880 electrodes each with an electrode size of 11.22 × 11.22 µm and 236 880 covering a wide area of 5.5 × 5.9 mm in presenting a detailed and single-cell-level neural activity analysis platform for brain slices, human iPS cell-derived cortical networks, peripheral neurons, and human brain organoids. Propagation pattern characteristics between brain regions changes the synaptic propagation into compounds based on single-cell time-series patterns, classification based on single DRG neuron firing patterns and compound responses, axonal conduction characteristics and changes to anticancer drugs, and network activities and transition to compounds in brain organoids are extracted. This detailed analysis of neural activity at the single-cell level using the CMOS-MEA provides a new understanding of the basic mechanisms of brain circuits in vitro and ex vivo, on human neurological diseases for drug discovery, and compound toxicity assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikuro Suzuki
- Department of Electronics, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku Institute of Technology, 35-1 Yagiyama Kasumicho, Taihaku-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 982-8577, Japan
| | - Naoki Matsuda
- Department of Electronics, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku Institute of Technology, 35-1 Yagiyama Kasumicho, Taihaku-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 982-8577, Japan
| | - Xiaobo Han
- Department of Electronics, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku Institute of Technology, 35-1 Yagiyama Kasumicho, Taihaku-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 982-8577, Japan
| | - Shuhei Noji
- Department of Electronics, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku Institute of Technology, 35-1 Yagiyama Kasumicho, Taihaku-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 982-8577, Japan
| | - Mikako Shibata
- Department of Electronics, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku Institute of Technology, 35-1 Yagiyama Kasumicho, Taihaku-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 982-8577, Japan
| | - Nami Nagafuku
- Department of Electronics, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku Institute of Technology, 35-1 Yagiyama Kasumicho, Taihaku-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 982-8577, Japan
| | - Yuto Ishibashi
- Department of Electronics, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku Institute of Technology, 35-1 Yagiyama Kasumicho, Taihaku-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 982-8577, Japan
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4
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Ben-Zvi H, Rabinski T, Ofir R, Cohen S, Vatine GD. PLEKHM2 Loss of Function Impairs the Activity of iPSC-Derived Neurons via Regulation of Autophagic Flux. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232416092. [PMID: 36555735 PMCID: PMC9782635 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232416092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Pleckstrin Homology And RUN Domain Containing M2 (PLEKHM2) [delAG] mutation causes dilated cardiomyopathy with left ventricular non-compaction (DCM-LVNC), resulting in a premature death of PLEKHM2[delAG] individuals due to heart failure. PLEKHM2 is a factor involved in autophagy, a master regulator of cellular homeostasis, decomposing pathogens, proteins and other cellular components. Autophagy is mainly carried out by the lysosome, containing degradation enzymes, and by the autophagosome, which engulfs substances marked for decomposition. PLEKHM2 promotes lysosomal movement toward the cell periphery. Autophagic dysregulation is associated with neurodegenerative diseases' pathogenesis. Thus, modulation of autophagy holds considerable potential as a therapeutic target for such disorders. We hypothesized that PLEKHM2 is involved in neuronal development and function, and that mutated PLEKHM2 (PLEKHM2[delAG]) neurons will present impaired functions. Here, we studied PLEKHM2-related abnormalities in induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived motor neurons (iMNs) as a neuronal model. PLEKHM2[delAG] iMN cultures had healthy control-like differentiation potential but exhibited reduced autophagic activity. Electrophysiological measurements revealed that PLEKHM2[delAG] iMN cultures displayed delayed functional maturation and more frequent and unsynchronized activity. This was associated with increased size and a more perinuclear lysosome cellular distribution. Thus, our results suggest that PLEKHM2 is involved in the functional development of neurons through the regulation of autophagic flux.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadas Ben-Zvi
- The Avram and Stella Goldstein-Goren Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Tatiana Rabinski
- The Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell (RMSC) Research Center, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Rivka Ofir
- The Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell (RMSC) Research Center, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel
- Dead Sea & Arava Science Center, Masada 8691000, Israel
| | - Smadar Cohen
- The Avram and Stella Goldstein-Goren Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel
- The Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell (RMSC) Research Center, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel
- Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel
- Correspondence: (S.C.); (G.D.V.)
| | - Gad D. Vatine
- The Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell (RMSC) Research Center, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel
- The Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel
- The Zelman School of Brain Sciences and Cognition, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel
- Correspondence: (S.C.); (G.D.V.)
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5
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Chase R, de la Peña JB, Smith PR, Lawson J, Lou TF, Stanowick AD, Black BJ, Campbell ZT. Global analyses of mRNA expression in human sensory neurons reveal eIF5A as a conserved target for inflammatory pain. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22422. [PMID: 35747924 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202101933rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Nociceptors are a type of sensory neuron that are integral to most forms of pain. Targeted disruption of nociceptor sensitization affords unique opportunities to prevent pain. An emerging model for nociceptors are sensory neurons derived from human stem cells. Here, we subjected five groups to high-throughput sequencing: human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) prior to differentiation, mature hiPSC-derived sensory neurons, mature co-cultures containing hiPSC-derived astrocytes and sensory neurons, mouse dorsal root ganglion (DRG) tissues, and mouse DRG cultures. Co-culture of nociceptors and astrocytes promotes expression of transcripts enriched in DRG tissues. Comparisons of the hiPSC models to tissue samples reveal that many key transcripts linked to pain are present. Markers indicative of a range of neuronal subtypes present in the DRG were detected in mature hiPSCs. Intriguingly, translation factors were maintained at consistently high expression levels across species and culture systems. As a proof of concept for the utility of this resource, we validated expression of eukaryotic initiation factor 5A (eIF5A) in DRG tissues and hiPSC samples. eIF5A is subject to a unique posttranslational hypusine modification required for its activity. Inhibition of hypusine biosynthesis prevented hyperalgesic priming by inflammatory mediators in vivo and diminished hiPSC activity in vitro. Collectively, our results illuminate the transcriptomes of hiPSC sensory neuron models. We provide a demonstration for this resource through our investigation of eIF5A. Our findings reveal hypusine as a potential target for inflammation associated pain in males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Chase
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas, USA
| | - June Bryan de la Peña
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas, USA
| | - Patrick R Smith
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas, USA
| | - Jennifer Lawson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Tzu-Fang Lou
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas, USA
| | - Alexander D Stanowick
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas, USA
| | - Bryan J Black
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Zachary T Campbell
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas, USA.,Center for Advanced Pain Studies, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas, USA
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6
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Rasetti-Escargueil C, Popoff MR. Recent Developments in Botulinum Neurotoxins Detection. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10051001. [PMID: 35630444 PMCID: PMC9145529 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10051001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) are produced as protein complexes by bacteria of the genus Clostridium that are Gram-positive, anaerobic and spore forming (Clostridium botulinum, C. butyricum, C. baratii and C. argentinense spp.). BoNTs show a high immunological and genetic diversity. Therefore, fast, precise, and more reliable detection methods are still required to monitor outbreaks and ensure surveillance of botulism. The botulinum toxin field also comprises therapeutic uses, basic research studies and biodefense issues. This review presents currently available detection methods, and new methods offering the potential of enhanced precision and reproducibility. While the immunological methods offer a range of benefits, such as rapid analysis time, reproducibility and high sensitivity, their implementation is subject to the availability of suitable tools and reagents, such as specific antibodies. Currently, the mass spectrometry approach is the most sensitive in vitro method for a rapid detection of active or inactive forms of BoNTs. However, these methods require inter-laboratory validation before they can be more widely implemented in reference laboratories. In addition, these surrogate in vitro models also require full validation before they can be used as replacement bioassays of potency. Cell-based assays using neuronal cells in culture recapitulate all functional steps of toxin activity, but are still at various stages of development; they are not yet sufficiently robust, due to high batch-to-batch cell variability. Cell-based assays have a strong potential to replace the mouse bioassay (MBA) in terms of BoNT potency determination in pharmaceutical formulations; they can also help to identify suitable inhibitors while reducing the number of animals used. However, the development of safe countermeasures still requires the use of in vivo studies to complement in vitro immunological or cell-based approaches.
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7
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Cho HY, Chen PC, Chuang TH, Yu MC, Wu SN. Activation of Voltage-Gated Na+ Current by GV-58, a Known Activator of CaV Channels. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10030721. [PMID: 35327523 PMCID: PMC8945347 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10030721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
GV-58 ((2R)-2-[(6-{[(5-methylthiophen-2-yl)methyl]amino}-9-propyl-9H-purin-2-yl)amino]butan-1-ol) is recognized to be an activator of N- and P/Q-type Ca2+ currents. However, its modulatory actions on other types of ionic currents in electrically excitable cells remain largely unanswered. This study was undertaken to explore the possible modifications caused by GV-58 in ionic currents (e.g., voltage-gated Na+ current [INa], A-type K+ current [IK(A)], and erg-mediated K+ current [IK(erg)]) identified from pituitary GH3 lactotrophs. GH3 cell exposure to GV-58 enhanced the transient and late components of INa with varying potencies; consequently, the EC50 values of GV-58 required for its differential increase in peak and late INa in GH3 cells were estimated to be 8.9 and 2.6 μM, respectively. The INa in response to brief depolarizing pulse was respectively stimulated or suppressed by GV-58 or tetrodotoxin, but it failed to be altered by ω-conotoxin MVIID. Cell exposure to this compound increased the recovery of INa inactivation evoked by two-pulse protocol based on a geometrics progression; however, in its presence, there was a slowing in the inactivation rate of current decay evoked by a train of depolarizing pulses. The existence of GV-58 also resulted in an increase in the amplitude of ramp-induced resurgent and window INa. The presence of this compound inhibited IK(A) magnitude, accompanied by a shortening in inactivation time course of the current; however, it mildly decreased IK(erg). Under current-clamp conditions, GV-58 increased the frequency of spontaneous action potentials in GH3 cells. Moreover, in NSC-34 motor neuron-like cells, the presence of GV-58 not only raised INa amplitude but also reduced current inactivation. Taken together, the overall work provides a noticeable yet unidentified finding which implies that, in addition to its agonistic effect on Ca2+ currents, GV-58 may concertedly modify the amplitude and gating kinetics of INa in electrically excitable cells, hence modifiying functional activities in these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Yen Cho
- Department of Physiology, National Cheng Kung University Medical College, Tainan City 70101, Taiwan; (H.-Y.C.); (P.-C.C.); (T.-H.C.); (M.-C.Y.)
| | - Pei-Chun Chen
- Department of Physiology, National Cheng Kung University Medical College, Tainan City 70101, Taiwan; (H.-Y.C.); (P.-C.C.); (T.-H.C.); (M.-C.Y.)
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, National Cheng Kung University Medical College, Tainan City 70101, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Hsien Chuang
- Department of Physiology, National Cheng Kung University Medical College, Tainan City 70101, Taiwan; (H.-Y.C.); (P.-C.C.); (T.-H.C.); (M.-C.Y.)
| | - Meng-Cheng Yu
- Department of Physiology, National Cheng Kung University Medical College, Tainan City 70101, Taiwan; (H.-Y.C.); (P.-C.C.); (T.-H.C.); (M.-C.Y.)
| | - Sheng-Nan Wu
- Department of Physiology, National Cheng Kung University Medical College, Tainan City 70101, Taiwan; (H.-Y.C.); (P.-C.C.); (T.-H.C.); (M.-C.Y.)
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, National Cheng Kung University Medical College, Tainan City 70101, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-6-2353535-5334; Fax: +886-6-2362780
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8
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Yokoi R, Shigemoto-Kuroda T, Matsuda N, Odawara A, Suzuki I. Electrophysiological responses to seizurogenic compounds dependent on E/I balance in human iPSC-derived cortical neural networks. J Pharmacol Sci 2022; 148:267-278. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2021.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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9
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Chang CW, Evans MD, Yu X, Yu GQ, Mucke L. Tau reduction affects excitatory and inhibitory neurons differently, reduces excitation/inhibition ratios, and counteracts network hypersynchrony. Cell Rep 2021; 37:109855. [PMID: 34686344 PMCID: PMC8648275 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The protein tau has been implicated in many brain disorders. In animal models, tau reduction suppresses epileptogenesis of diverse causes and ameliorates synaptic and behavioral abnormalities in various conditions associated with excessive excitation-inhibition (E/I) ratios. However, the underlying mechanisms are unknown. Global genetic ablation of tau in mice reduces the action potential (AP) firing and E/I ratio of pyramidal cells in acute cortical slices without affecting the excitability of these cells. Tau ablation reduces the excitatory inputs to inhibitory neurons, increases the excitability of these cells, and structurally alters their axon initial segments (AISs). In primary neuronal cultures subjected to prolonged overstimulation, tau ablation diminishes the homeostatic response of AISs in inhibitory neurons, promotes inhibition, and suppresses hypersynchrony. Together, these differential alterations in excitatory and inhibitory neurons help explain how tau reduction prevents network hypersynchrony and counteracts brain disorders causing abnormally increased E/I ratios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Che-Wei Chang
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Mark D Evans
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Xinxing Yu
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Gui-Qiu Yu
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Lennart Mucke
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Neurology and Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
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10
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Ishibashi Y, Odawara A, Kinoshita K, Okamura A, Shirakawa T, Suzuki I. Principal Component Analysis to Distinguish Seizure Liability of Drugs in Human iPS Cell-Derived Neurons. Toxicol Sci 2021; 184:265-275. [PMID: 34570236 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfab116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Screening for drug discovery targeting the central nervous system requires the establishment of efficient and highly accurate toxicity test methods that can reduce costs and time while maintaining high throughput using the function of an in vitro neural network. In particular, an evaluation system using a human-derived neural network is desirable in terms of species difference. Despite the attention the microelectrode array (MEA) is attracting among the evaluation systems that can measure in vitro neural activity, an effective analysis method for evaluation of toxicity and mechanism of action has not yet been established. Here we established analytical parameters and multivariate analysis method capable of detecting seizure liability of drugs using MEA measurement of human iPS cell-derived neurons. Using the spike time series data of all drugs, we established periodicity as a new analytical parameter. Periodicity has facilitated the detection of responses to seizurogenic drugs, previously difficult to detect with conventional analytical parameters. By constructing a multivariate analytical method that identifies a parameter set that achieves an arbitrary condition, we found that the parameter set comprising total spikes, maximum frequency, inter maximum frequency interval, coefficient of variance of inter maximum frequency interval, and periodicity can uniformly detect the seizure liability of seizurogenic drugs with different mechanisms of action. Seizurogenic drugs were suggested to increase the regularity of the network burst in MEA measurements in human iPS cell-derived neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Ishibashi
- Department of Electronics, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku Institute of Technology, 35-1 Yagiyama Kasumicho, Taihaku-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 982-8577, Japan
| | - A Odawara
- Department of Electronics, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku Institute of Technology, 35-1 Yagiyama Kasumicho, Taihaku-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 982-8577, Japan
| | - K Kinoshita
- Drug Safety Research Labs, Astellas Pharma Inc, 21 Miyukigaoka, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0841, Japan
| | - A Okamura
- Drug Safety Research Labs, Astellas Pharma Inc, 21 Miyukigaoka, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0841, Japan
| | - T Shirakawa
- Drug Safety Research Labs, Astellas Pharma Inc, 21 Miyukigaoka, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0841, Japan
| | - I Suzuki
- Department of Electronics, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku Institute of Technology, 35-1 Yagiyama Kasumicho, Taihaku-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 982-8577, Japan
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11
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Eaton M, Que Z, Zhang J, Beck K, Shi R, McDermott J, Ladisch M, Yang Y. Multi-Electrode Array of Sensory Neurons as an In Vitro Platform to Identify the Nociceptive Response to Pharmaceutical Buffer Systems of Injectable Biologics. Pharm Res 2021; 38:1179-1186. [PMID: 34244893 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-021-03075-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Pharmaceutical buffer systems, especially for injectable biologics such as monoclonal antibodies, are an important component of successful FDA-approved medications. Clinical studies indicate that buffer components may be contributing factors for increased injection site pain. METHODS To determine the potential nociceptive effects of clinically relevant buffer systems, we developed an in vitro multi-electrode array (MEA) based recording system of rodent dorsal root ganglia (DRG) sensory neuron cell culture. This system monitors sensory neuron activity/firing as a surrogate of nociception when challenged with buffer components used in formulating monoclonal antibodies and other injectable biologics. RESULTS We show that citrate salt and citrate mannitol buffer systems cause an increase in mean firing rate, burst frequency, and burst duration in DRG sensory neurons, unlike histidine or saline buffer systems at the same pH value. Lowering the concentration of citrate leads to a lower firing intensity of DRG sensory neurons. CONCLUSION Increased activity/firing of DRG sensory neurons has been suggested as a key feature underlying nociception. Our results support the utility of an in vitro MEA assay with cultured DRG sensory neurons to probe the nociceptive potential of clinically relevant buffer components used in injectable biologics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muriel Eaton
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, Hall for Discovery and Learning Research (DLR), 207 S Martin Jischke Dr., West Lafayette, Indiana, USA.,Purdue Institute for Integrative Neuroscience, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Zhefu Que
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, Hall for Discovery and Learning Research (DLR), 207 S Martin Jischke Dr., West Lafayette, Indiana, USA.,Purdue Institute for Integrative Neuroscience, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Jingliang Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, Hall for Discovery and Learning Research (DLR), 207 S Martin Jischke Dr., West Lafayette, Indiana, USA.,Purdue Institute for Integrative Neuroscience, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Kaethe Beck
- Office of the Executive Vice President for Research and Partnerships, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Riyi Shi
- Purdue Institute for Integrative Neuroscience, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA.,Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Jeff McDermott
- Eli Lilly and Company, Delivery Devices and Connected Solutions, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Michael Ladisch
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, College of Engineering; Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering; and Laboratory of Renewable Resources Engineering (LORRE), Purdue University, 225 S. University Street, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA.
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, Hall for Discovery and Learning Research (DLR), 207 S Martin Jischke Dr., West Lafayette, Indiana, USA. .,Purdue Institute for Integrative Neuroscience, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA.
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12
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Passaro AP, Aydin O, Saif MTA, Stice SL. Development of an objective index, neural activity score (NAS), reveals neural network ontogeny and treatment effects on microelectrode arrays. Sci Rep 2021; 11:9110. [PMID: 33907294 PMCID: PMC8079414 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-88675-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Microelectrode arrays (MEAs) are valuable tools for electrophysiological analysis, providing assessment of neural network health and development. Analysis can be complex, however, requiring intensive processing of large data sets consisting of many activity parameters, leading to information loss as studies subjectively report relatively few metrics in the interest of simplicity. In screening assays, many groups report simple overall activity (i.e. firing rate) but omit network connectivity changes (e.g. burst characteristics and synchrony) that may not be evident from basic parameters. Our goal was to develop an objective process to capture most of the valuable information gained from MEAs in neural development and toxicity studies. We implemented principal component analysis (PCA) to reduce the high dimensionality of MEA data. Upon analysis, we found the first principal component was strongly correlated to time, representing neural culture development; therefore, factor loadings were used to create a single index score-named neural activity score (NAS)-reflecting neural maturation. For validation, we applied NAS to studies analyzing various treatments. In all cases, NAS accurately recapitulated expected results, suggesting viability of NAS to measure network health and development. This approach may be adopted by other researchers using MEAs to analyze complicated treatment effects and multicellular interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin P. Passaro
- grid.213876.90000 0004 1936 738XRegenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA USA ,grid.213876.90000 0004 1936 738XDivision of Neuroscience, Biomedical Health and Sciences Institute, University of Georgia, Athens, GA USA
| | - Onur Aydin
- grid.35403.310000 0004 1936 9991Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL USA
| | - M. Taher A. Saif
- grid.35403.310000 0004 1936 9991Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL USA
| | - Steven L. Stice
- grid.213876.90000 0004 1936 738XRegenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA USA ,grid.213876.90000 0004 1936 738XDivision of Neuroscience, Biomedical Health and Sciences Institute, University of Georgia, Athens, GA USA
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13
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Atmaramani R, Pancrazio JJ, Black BJ. Adaptation of robust Z' factor for assay quality assessment in microelectrode array based screening using adult dorsal root ganglion neurons. J Neurosci Methods 2020; 339:108699. [PMID: 32224158 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2020.108699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cell-based assays comprising primary sensory neurons cultured in vitro are an emerging tool for the screening and identification of potential analgesic compounds and chronic pain treatments. High-content screening (HCS) platforms for drug screening are characterized by a measure of assay quality indicator, such as the Z'-factor, which considers the signal dynamic range and data variation using control compounds only. Although widely accepted as a quality metric in high throughput screening (HTS), standard Z'-factor are not well-suited to indicate the quality of complex cell-based assays. NEW METHOD The present study describes a method to assess assay quality in the context of extracellular recordings from dorsal root ganglion (DRG) sensory neurons cultured on multi-well microelectrode arrays. Data transformations are applied to electrophysiological parameters, such as electrode and well spike rates, for valid normality assumptions and suitability for use as a sample signal. Importantly, using transformed well-wide metrics, a robust version of the Z'-factor was applied, based on the median and median absolute deviation, to indicate assay quality and assess hit identification of putative pharmacological compounds. RESULTS Application of appropriately scaled data and robust statistics ensured insensitivity to data variation and approximation of normal distribution. The use median and median absolute deviation of log transformed well spike rates in computing the Z'-factor revealed a value of 0.61, which is accepted as an "excellent assay." Known antagonists of nociceptor-specific voltage-gated sodium ion channels were identified as true hits in the present assay format under both spontaneous and thermally stimulated conditions. COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHODS The present approach demonstrated a large signal dynamic range and reduced sensitivity to data variation compared to standard Z'-factor used widely in HTS. CONCLUSION Overall, the present study provides a statistical basis for the implementation of a HCS platform utilizing adult DRG neurons on microelectrode arrays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Atmaramani
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA; Center for Advanced Pain Studies, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA
| | - Joseph J Pancrazio
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA; Center for Advanced Pain Studies, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA
| | - Bryan J Black
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA; Center for Advanced Pain Studies, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA.
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14
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Taga A, Dastgheyb R, Habela C, Joseph J, Richard JP, Gross SK, Lauria G, Lee G, Haughey N, Maragakis NJ. Role of Human-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Spinal Cord Astrocytes in the Functional Maturation of Motor Neurons in a Multielectrode Array System. Stem Cells Transl Med 2019; 8:1272-1285. [PMID: 31631575 PMCID: PMC6877769 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.19-0147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability to generate human‐induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)‐derived neural cells displaying region‐specific phenotypes is of particular interest for modeling central nervous system biology in vitro. We describe a unique method by which spinal cord hiPSC‐derived astrocytes (hiPSC‐A) are cultured with spinal cord hiPSC‐derived motor neurons (hiPSC‐MN) in a multielectrode array (MEA) system to record electrophysiological activity over time. We show that hiPSC‐A enhance hiPSC‐MN electrophysiological maturation in a time‐dependent fashion. The sequence of plating, density, and age in which hiPSC‐A are cocultured with MN, but not their respective hiPSC line origin, are factors that influence neuronal electrophysiology. When compared to coculture with mouse primary spinal cord astrocytes, we observe an earlier and more robust electrophysiological maturation in the fully human cultures, suggesting that the human origin is relevant to the recapitulation of astrocyte/motor neuron crosstalk. Finally, we test pharmacological compounds on our MEA platform and observe changes in electrophysiological activity, which confirm hiPSC‐MN maturation. These findings are supported by immunocytochemistry and real‐time PCR studies in parallel cultures demonstrating human astrocyte mediated changes in the structural maturation and protein expression profiles of the neurons. Interestingly, this relationship is reciprocal and coculture with neurons influences astrocyte maturation as well. Taken together, these data indicate that in a human in vitro spinal cord culture system, astrocytes support hiPSC‐MN maturation in a time‐dependent and species‐specific manner and suggest a closer approximation of in vivo conditions. stem cells translational medicine2019;8:1272&1285 We describe a fully human, spinal cord‐specific, coculture platform with human‐induced pluripotent stem cell‐derived motor neurons and astrocytes for multielectrode array recording. We show that human‐induced pluripotent stem cell‐derived motor neurons/human‐induced pluripotent stem cell‐derived astrocytes bidirectional morphological and molecular maturation is reflected by electrophysiological recordings with multielectrode array recording.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Arens Taga
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Raha Dastgheyb
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Christa Habela
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jessica Joseph
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Sarah K Gross
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Giuseppe Lauria
- Fondazione I.R.C.C.S. Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy.,Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences "Luigi Sacco", University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Gabsang Lee
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Norman Haughey
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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15
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Bubnys A, Kandel H, Kao LM, Pfaff D, Tabansky I. Hindbrain V2a Neurons Pattern Rhythmic Activity of Motor Neurons in a Reticulospinal Coculture. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:1077. [PMID: 31680817 PMCID: PMC6811747 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.01077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
As the capacity to isolate distinct neuronal cell types has advanced over the past several decades, new two- and three-dimensional in vitro models of the interactions between different brain regions have expanded our understanding of human neurobiology and the origins of disease. These cultures develop distinctive patterns of activity, but the extent that these patterns are determined by the molecular identity of individual cell types versus the specific pattern of network connectivity is unclear. To address the question of how individual cell types interact in vitro, we developed a simplified culture using two excitatory neuronal subtypes known to participate in the in vivo reticulospinal circuit: HB9+ spinal motor neurons and Chx10+ hindbrain V2a neurons. Here, we report the emergence of cell type-specific patterns of activity in culture; on their own, Chx10+ neurons developed regular, synchronized bursts of activity that recruited neurons across the entire culture, whereas HB9+ neuron activity consisted of an irregular pattern. When these two subtypes were cocultured, HB9+ neurons developed synchronized network bursts that were precisely correlated with Chx10+ neuron activity, thereby recreating an aspect of Chx10+ neurons' role in driving motor activity. These bursts were dependent on AMPA receptors. Our results demonstrate that the molecular classification of the neurons comprising in vitro networks is a crucial determinant of their activity. It is therefore possible to improve both the reproducibility and the applicability of in vitro neurobiological and disease models by carefully controlling the constituent mixtures of neuronal subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adele Bubnys
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and Behavior, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Hagar Kandel
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and Behavior, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Lee Ming Kao
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and Behavior, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Donald Pfaff
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and Behavior, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Inna Tabansky
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and Behavior, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, United States
- Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, United States
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16
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Atmaramani R, Black BJ, Lam KH, Sheth VM, Pancrazio JJ, Schmidtke DW, Alsmadi NZ. The Effect of Microfluidic Geometry on Myoblast Migration. MICROMACHINES 2019; 10:E143. [PMID: 30795574 PMCID: PMC6412509 DOI: 10.3390/mi10020143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In vitro systems comprised of wells interconnected by microchannels have emerged as a platform for the study of cell migration or multicellular models. In the present study, we systematically evaluated the effect of microchannel width on spontaneous myoblast migration across these microchannels-from the proximal to the distal chamber. Myoblast migration was examined in microfluidic devices with varying microchannel widths of 1.5⁻20 µm, and in chips with uniform microchannel widths over time spans that are relevant for myoblast-to-myofiber differentiation in vitro. We found that the likelihood of spontaneous myoblast migration was microchannel width dependent and that a width of 3 µm was necessary to limit spontaneous migration below 5% of cells in the seeded well after 48 h. These results inform the future design of Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) microchannel-based co-culture platforms as well as future in vitro studies of myoblast migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Atmaramani
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA.
| | - Bryan J Black
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA.
| | - Kevin H Lam
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA.
| | - Vinit M Sheth
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA.
| | - Joseph J Pancrazio
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA.
| | - David W Schmidtke
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA.
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17
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Rihani RT, Kim H, Black BJ, Atmaramani R, Saed MO, Pancrazio JJ, Ware TH. Liquid Crystal Elastomer-Based Microelectrode Array for In Vitro Neuronal Recordings. MICROMACHINES 2018; 9:E416. [PMID: 30424349 PMCID: PMC6211140 DOI: 10.3390/mi9080416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Polymer-based biomedical electronics provide a tunable platform to interact with nervous tissue both in vitro and in vivo. Ultimately, the ability to control functional properties of neural interfaces may provide important advantages to study the nervous system or to restore function in patients with neurodegenerative disorders. Liquid crystal elastomers (LCEs) are a class of smart materials that reversibly change shape when exposed to a variety of stimuli. Our interest in LCEs is based on leveraging this shape change to deploy electrode sites beyond the tissue regions exhibiting inflammation associated with chronic implantation. As a first step, we demonstrate that LCEs are cellular compatible materials that can be used as substrates for fabricating microelectrode arrays (MEAs) capable of recording single unit activity in vitro. Extracts from LCEs are non-cytotoxic (>70% normalized percent viability), as determined in accordance to ISO protocol 10993-5 using fibroblasts and primary murine cortical neurons. LCEs are also not functionally neurotoxic as determined by exposing cortical neurons cultured on conventional microelectrode arrays to LCE extract for 48 h. Microelectrode arrays fabricated on LCEs are stable, as determined by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Examination of the impedance and phase at 1 kHz, a frequency associated with single unit recording, showed results well within range of electrophysiological recordings over 30 days of monitoring in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). Moreover, the LCE arrays are shown to support viable cortical neuronal cultures over 27 days in vitro and to enable recording of prominent extracellular biopotentials comparable to those achieved with conventional commercially-available microelectrode arrays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashed T Rihani
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA.
| | - Hyun Kim
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA.
| | - Bryan J Black
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA.
| | - Rahul Atmaramani
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA.
| | - Mohand O Saed
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA.
| | - Joseph J Pancrazio
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA.
| | - Taylor H Ware
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA.
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18
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Black BJ, Atmaramani R, Kumaraju R, Plagens S, Romero-Ortega M, Dussor G, Price TJ, Campbell ZT, Pancrazio JJ. Adult mouse sensory neurons on microelectrode arrays exhibit increased spontaneous and stimulus-evoked activity in the presence of interleukin-6. J Neurophysiol 2018; 120:1374-1385. [PMID: 29947589 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00158.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Following inflammation or injury, sensory neurons located in the dorsal root ganglia (DRG) may exhibit increased spontaneous and/or stimulus-evoked activity, contributing to chronic pain. Current treatment options for peripherally mediated chronic pain are highly limited, driving the development of cell- or tissue-based phenotypic (function-based) screening assays for peripheral analgesic and mechanistic lead discovery. Extant assays are often limited by throughput, content, use of tumorigenic cell lines, or tissue sources from immature developmental stages (i.e., embryonic or postnatal). Here, we describe a protocol for culturing adult mouse DRG neurons on substrate-integrated multiwell microelectrode arrays (MEAs). This approach enables multiplexed measurements of spontaneous as well as stimulus-evoked extracellular action potentials from large populations of cells. The DRG cultures exhibit stable spontaneous activity from 9 to 21 days in vitro. Activity is readily evoked by known chemical and physical agonists of sensory neuron activity such as capsaicin, bradykinin, PGE2, heat, and electrical field stimulation. Most importantly, we demonstrate that both spontaneous and stimulus-evoked activity may be potentiated by incubation with the inflammatory cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6). Acute responsiveness to IL-6 is inhibited by treatment with a MAPK-interacting kinase 1/2 inhibitor, cercosporamide. In total, these findings suggest that adult mouse DRG neurons on multiwell MEAs are applicable to ongoing efforts to discover peripheral analgesic and their mechanisms of action. NEW & NOTEWORTHY This work describes methodologies for culturing spontaneously active adult mouse dorsal root ganglia (DRG) sensory neurons on microelectrode arrays. We characterize spontaneous and stimulus-evoked adult DRG activity over durations consistent with pharmacological interventions. Furthermore, persistent hyperexcitability could be induced by incubation with inflammatory cytokine IL-6 and attenuated with cercosporamide, an inhibitor of the IL-6 sensitization pathway. This constitutes a more physiologically relevant, moderate-throughput in vitro model for peripheral analgesic screening as well as mechanistic lead discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan J Black
- Department of Bioengineering, The University of Texas at Dallas , Richardson, Texas
| | - Rahul Atmaramani
- Department of Bioengineering, The University of Texas at Dallas , Richardson, Texas
| | - Rajeshwari Kumaraju
- Department of Bioengineering, The University of Texas at Dallas , Richardson, Texas
| | - Sarah Plagens
- Department of Bioengineering, The University of Texas at Dallas , Richardson, Texas
| | - Mario Romero-Ortega
- Department of Bioengineering, The University of Texas at Dallas , Richardson, Texas
| | - Gregory Dussor
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas , Richardson, Texas
| | - Theodore J Price
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas , Richardson, Texas
| | - Zachary T Campbell
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Richardson, Texas
| | - Joseph J Pancrazio
- Department of Bioengineering, The University of Texas at Dallas , Richardson, Texas
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