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Zhong P, Li L, Feng X, Teng C, Cai W, Zheng W, Wei J, Li X, He Y, Chen B, An X, Cai X. Neuronal ferroptosis and ferroptosis-mediated endoplasmic reticulum stress: Implications in cognitive dysfunction induced by chronic intermittent hypoxia in mice. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 138:112579. [PMID: 38944951 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnea, typically characterized by chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH), is linked to cognitive dysfunction in children. Ferroptosis, a novel form of cell death characterized by lethal iron accumulation and lipid peroxidation, is implicated in neurodegenerative diseases and ischemia-reperfusion injuries. Nevertheless, its contribution to CIH-induced cognitive dysfunction and its interaction with endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) remain uncertain. In this study, utilizing a CIH model in 4-week-old male mice, we investigated ferroptosis and its potential involvement in ERS regulation during cognitive dysfunction. Our findings indicate ferroptosis activation in prefrontal cortex neurons, leading to neuron loss, mitochondrial damage, decreased levels of GPX4, SLC7A11, FTL, and FTH, increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA), Fe2+, ACSL4, TFRC, along with the activation of ERS-related PERK-ATF4-CHOP pathway. Treatment with the ferroptosis inhibitor liproxstatin-1 (Lip-1) and the iron chelator deferoxamine (DFO) effectively mitigated the neuron injury and cognitive dysfunction induced by CIH, significantly reducing Fe2+ and partly restoring expression levels of ferroptosis-related proteins. Furhermore, the use of Lip-1 and DFO downregulated p-PERK, ATF4 and CHOP, and upregulated Nrf2 expression, suggesting that inhibiting ferroptosis reduce ERS and that the transcription factor Nrf2 is involved in the process. In summary, our findings indicate that cognitive impairment in CIH mice correlates with the induction of neuronal ferroptosis, facilitated by the System xc - GPX4 functional axis, lipid peroxidation, and the iron metabolism pathway, along with ferroptosis-mediated ERS in the prefrontal cortex. Nrf2 has been identified as a potential regulator of ferroptosis and ERS involved in the context of CIH.
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Affiliation(s)
- PeiPei Zhong
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 109 Xueyuan Western Road, Wenzhou 325027, China; The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, 109 Xueyuan Western Road, Wenzhou 325027, China.
| | - Lingling Li
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 109 Xueyuan Western Road, Wenzhou 325027, China; The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, 109 Xueyuan Western Road, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Xinyi Feng
- The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, 109 Xueyuan Western Road, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Chenjiong Teng
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 109 Xueyuan Western Road, Wenzhou 325027, China; The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, 109 Xueyuan Western Road, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Weini Cai
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 109 Xueyuan Western Road, Wenzhou 325027, China; The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, 109 Xueyuan Western Road, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Weikun Zheng
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 109 Xueyuan Western Road, Wenzhou 325027, China; The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, 109 Xueyuan Western Road, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Jiayun Wei
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 109 Xueyuan Western Road, Wenzhou 325027, China; The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, 109 Xueyuan Western Road, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Xiucui Li
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 109 Xueyuan Western Road, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Yufu He
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 109 Xueyuan Western Road, Wenzhou 325027, China; The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, 109 Xueyuan Western Road, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Bingjia Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 109 Xueyuan Western Road, Wenzhou 325027, China; The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, 109 Xueyuan Western Road, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Xueqian An
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 109 Xueyuan Western Road, Wenzhou 325027, China; The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, 109 Xueyuan Western Road, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Xiaohong Cai
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 109 Xueyuan Western Road, Wenzhou 325027, China.
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Hatch K, Lischka F, Wang M, Xu X, Stimpson CD, Barvir T, Cramer NP, Perl DP, Yu G, Browne CA, Dickstein DL, Galdzicki Z. The role of microglia in neuronal and cognitive function during high altitude acclimatization. Sci Rep 2024; 14:18981. [PMID: 39152179 PMCID: PMC11329659 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-69694-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Due to their interactions with the neurovasculature, microglia are implicated in maladaptive responses to hypobaric hypoxia at high altitude (HA). To explore these interactions at HA, pharmacological depletion of microglia with the colony-stimulating factor-1 receptor inhibitor, PLX5622, was employed in male C57BL/6J mice maintained at HA or sea level (SL) for 3-weeks, followed by assessment of ex-vivo hippocampal long-term potentiation (LTP), fear memory recall and microglial dynamics/physiology. Our findings revealed that microglia depletion decreased LTP and reduced glucose levels by 25% at SL but did not affect fear memory recall. At HA, the absence of microglia did not significantly alter HA associated deficits in fear memory or HA mediated decreases in peripheral glucose levels. In regard to microglial dynamics in the cortex, HA enhanced microglial surveillance activity, ablation of microglia resulted in increased chemotactic responses and decreased microglia tip proliferation during ball formation. In contrast, vessel ablation increased cortical microglia tip path tortuosity. In the hippocampus, changes in microglial dynamics were only observed in response to vessel ablation following HA. As the hippocampus is critical for learning and memory, poor hippocampal microglial context-dependent adaptation may be responsible for some of the enduring neurological deficits associated with HA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen Hatch
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine Inc. (HJF), 6720A Rockledge Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20817, USA
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Genetics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
- Department of Pathology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
| | - Fritz Lischka
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine Inc. (HJF), 6720A Rockledge Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20817, USA
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Genetics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
| | - Mengfan Wang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Virginia Tech, Arlington, VA, USA
| | - Xiufen Xu
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine Inc. (HJF), 6720A Rockledge Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20817, USA
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Genetics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
| | - Cheryl D Stimpson
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine Inc. (HJF), 6720A Rockledge Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20817, USA
- Department of Pathology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
| | - Tara Barvir
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine Inc. (HJF), 6720A Rockledge Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20817, USA
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Genetics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
| | - Nathan P Cramer
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine Inc. (HJF), 6720A Rockledge Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20817, USA
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Genetics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 655 W. Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Daniel P Perl
- Department of Pathology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
| | - Guoqiang Yu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Virginia Tech, Arlington, VA, USA
| | - Caroline A Browne
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine Inc. (HJF), 6720A Rockledge Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20817, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
| | - Dara L Dickstein
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine Inc. (HJF), 6720A Rockledge Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20817, USA
- Department of Pathology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
| | - Zygmunt Galdzicki
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA.
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Genetics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA.
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Jang MH, Song J. Adenosine and adenosine receptors in metabolic imbalance-related neurological issues. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 177:116996. [PMID: 38897158 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 06/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndromes (e.g., obesity) are characterized by insulin resistance, chronic inflammation, impaired glucose metabolism, and dyslipidemia. Recently, patients with metabolic syndromes have experienced not only metabolic problems but also neuropathological issues, including cognitive impairment. Several studies have reported blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption and insulin resistance in the brain of patients with obesity and diabetes. Adenosine, a purine nucleoside, is known to regulate various cellular responses (e.g., the neuroinflammatory response) by binding with adenosine receptors in the central nervous system (CNS). Adenosine has four known receptors: A1R, A2AR, A2BR, and A3R. These receptors play distinct roles in various physiological and pathological processes in the brain, including endothelial cell homeostasis, insulin sensitivity, microglial activation, lipid metabolism, immune cell infiltration, and synaptic plasticity. Here, we review the recent findings on the role of adenosine receptor-mediated signaling in neuropathological issues related to metabolic imbalance. We highlight the importance of adenosine signaling in the development of therapeutic solutions for neuropathological issues in patients with metabolic syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Hyeon Jang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, United States.
| | - Juhyun Song
- Department of Anatomy, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun 58128, Republic of Korea.
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Baltos JA, Casillas-Espinosa PM, Rollo B, Gregory KJ, White PJ, Christopoulos A, Kwan P, O'Brien TJ, May LT. The role of the adenosine system in epilepsy and its comorbidities. Br J Pharmacol 2024; 181:2143-2157. [PMID: 37076128 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy is one of the most serious and common chronic neurological conditions, characterised by recurrent hypersynchronous electrical activity in the brain that lead to seizures. Despite over 50 million people being affected worldwide, only ~70% of people with epilepsy have their seizures successfully controlled with current pharmacotherapy, and many experience significant psychiatric and physical comorbidities. Adenosine, a ubiquitous purine metabolite, is a potent endogenous anti-epileptic substance that can abolish seizure activity via the adenosine A1 G protein-coupled receptor. Activation of A1 receptors decreases seizure activity in animal models, including models of drug-resistant epilepsy. Recent advances have increased our understanding of epilepsy comorbidities, highlighting the potential for adenosine receptors to modulate epilepsy-associated comorbidities, including cardiovascular dysfunction, sleep and cognition. This review provides an accessible resource of the current advances in understanding the adenosine system as a therapeutic target for epilepsy and epilepsy-associated comorbidities. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed issue Therapeutic Targeting of G Protein-Coupled Receptors: hot topics from the Australasian Society of Clinical and Experimental Pharmacologists and Toxicologists 2021 Virtual Annual Scientific Meeting. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v181.14/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jo-Anne Baltos
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Pablo M Casillas-Espinosa
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medicine, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Neurology, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ben Rollo
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Karen J Gregory
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- ARC Centre for Cryo-Electron Microscopy of Membrane Proteins, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Paul J White
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Arthur Christopoulos
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Neuromedicines Discovery Centre, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Patrick Kwan
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medicine, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Neurology, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Neurology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Terence J O'Brien
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medicine, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Neurology, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Neurology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lauren T May
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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Sharma H, Sharma N, An SSA. Unique Bioactives from Zombie Fungus ( Cordyceps) as Promising Multitargeted Neuroprotective Agents. Nutrients 2023; 16:102. [PMID: 38201932 PMCID: PMC10780653 DOI: 10.3390/nu16010102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Cordyceps, also known as "zombie fungus", is a non-poisonous mushroom that parasitizes insects for growth and development by manipulating the host system in a way that makes the victim behave like a "zombie". These species produce promising bioactive metabolites, like adenosine, β-glucans, cordycepin, and ergosterol. Cordyceps has been used in traditional medicine due to its immense health benefits, as it boosts stamina, appetite, immunity, longevity, libido, memory, and sleep. Neuronal loss is the typical feature of neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) (Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), multiple sclerosis (MS), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)) and neurotrauma. Both these conditions share common pathophysiological features, like oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and glutamatergic excitotoxicity. Cordyceps bioactives (adenosine, N6-(2-hydroxyethyl)-adenosine, ergosta-7, 9 (11), 22-trien-3β-ol, active peptides, and polysaccharides) exert potential antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic activities and display beneficial effects in the management and/or treatment of neurodegenerative disorders in vitro and in vivo. Although a considerable list of compounds is available from Cordyceps, only a few have been evaluated for their neuroprotective potential and still lack information for clinical trials. In this review, the neuroprotective mechanisms and safety profile of Cordyceps extracts/bioactives have been discussed, which might be helpful in the identification of novel potential therapeutic entities in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Niti Sharma
- Department of Bionano Technology, Gachon Bionano Research Institute, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnam-daero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si 461-701, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea;
| | - Seong Soo A. An
- Department of Bionano Technology, Gachon Bionano Research Institute, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnam-daero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si 461-701, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea;
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6
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You C, Zhang Z, Ying H, Yang Z, Ma Y, Hong J, Xue M, Li X, Li H, Zhang C, Wang W, Cai X, Li X. Blockage of calcium-sensing receptor improves chronic intermittent hypoxia-induced cognitive impairment by PERK-ATF4-CHOP pathway. Exp Neurol 2023; 368:114500. [PMID: 37553048 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2023.114500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) is involved in cognitive impairment of children. Chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH) is considered as the critical pathophysiological mechanism of OSAHS. Calcium sensitive receptor (CaSR) mediated apoptosis in many neurological disease models by endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS)-related pathway. However, little is known about the role of CaSR in OSAHS-induced cognitive dysfunction. In this study, we explored the effect of CaSR on CIH-induced cognitive impairment and possible mechanisms on regulation of PERK-ATF4-CHOP pathway in vivo and in vitro. CIH exposed for 9 h in PC12 cells and resulted in the cell apoptosis, simulating OSAHS-induced neuronal injury. CIH upregulated the level of CaSR, p-PERK, ATF4 and CHOP, contributing to the cell apoptosis. Treated with CaSR inhibitor (NPS-2143) or p-PERK inhibitor (GSK2656157) before CIH exposure, CIH-induced PC12 cell apoptosis was alleviated via inhibition of CaSR by downregulating p-PERK, ATF4 and CHOP. In addition, we established CIH mice model. With CIH exposure for 4 weeks in mice, more spatial memory errors were observed during 8-arm radial maze test. CIH significantly increased apoptotic cells in hippocampus via upregulating cleaved Caspase-3 and downregulating ratio of Bcl-2 to Bax. Besides, treatment of CaSR inhibitor alleviated the hippocampal neuronal apoptosis following CIH with downregulated p-PERK, ATF4 and CHOP, suggesting that CaSR contributed to CIH-induced neuronal apoptosis in hippocampus via ERS pathway. Sum up, our results demonstrated that CaSR accelerated hippocampal apoptosis via PERK-ATF4-CHOP pathway, holding a critical function on CIH-mediated cognitive impairment. Conversely, inhibition of CaSR suppressed PERK-ATF4-CHOP pathway and alleviated cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cancan You
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China; Clinical Medicine, The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Zilong Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China; Clinical Medicine, The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Huiya Ying
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China; Clinical Medicine, The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Zijing Yang
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China; Clinical Medicine, The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Yixuan Ma
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China; Clinical Medicine, The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Jingyi Hong
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China; Clinical Medicine, The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Mingjie Xue
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China; Clinical Medicine, The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Xuan Li
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China; Clinical Medicine, The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Huimin Li
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China; Department of Pediatric, Taizhou Women and Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou 318000, China
| | - Chengrui Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China; Clinical Medicine, The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Pediatric Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China.
| | - Xiaohong Cai
- Department of Pediatric Sleep, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China.
| | - Xiucui Li
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China.
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Illes P, Ulrich H, Chen JF, Tang Y. Purinergic receptors in cognitive disturbances. Neurobiol Dis 2023; 185:106229. [PMID: 37453562 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2023.106229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Purinergic receptors (Rs) of the ATP/ADP, UTP/UDP (P2X, P2Y) and adenosine (A1, A2A)-sensitive classes broadly interfere with cognitive processes both under quasi normal and disease conditions. During neurodegenerative illnesses, high concentrations of ATP are released from the damaged neuronal and non-neuronal cells of the brain; then, this ATP is enzymatically degraded to adenosine. Thus, the primary injury in neurodegenerative diseases appears to be caused by various protein aggregates on which a superimposed damage mediated by especially P2X7 and A2AR activation develops; this can be efficiently prevented by small molecular antagonists in animal models of the above diseases, or are mitigated in the respective knockout mice. Dementia is a leading symptom in Alzheimer's disease (AD), and accompanies Parkinson's disease (PD) and Huntington's disease (HD), especially in the advanced states of these illnesses. Animal experimentation suggests that P2X7 and A2ARs are also involved in a number of psychiatric diseases, such as major depressive disorder (MDD), obsessive compulsive behavior, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. In conclusion, small molecular antagonists of purinergic receptors are expected to supply us in the future with pharmaceuticals which are able to combat in a range of neurological/psychiatric diseases the accompanying cognitive deterioration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Illes
- School of Acupuncture and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditonal Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, China; Rudolf Boehm Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Leipzig, 04107 Leipzig, Germany; International Joint Research Center for Purinergic Signaling, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, China.
| | - Henning Ulrich
- International Joint Research Center for Purinergic Signaling, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Chemistry Institute, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jiang-Fan Chen
- The Molecular Neuropharmacology Laboratory and the Eye-Brain Research Center, The State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Vision Science, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Whenzhou 325000, China
| | - Yong Tang
- School of Acupuncture and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditonal Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, China; International Joint Research Center for Purinergic Signaling, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, China; Acupuncture and Chronobiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Health and Rehabilitation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, China.
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8
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Ying H, Zhang Z, Wang W, Yang Z, You C, Li Y, Cai X, Li X. Inhibition of Calcium-Sensing Receptor Alleviates Chronic Intermittent Hypoxia-Induced Cognitive Dysfunction via CaSR-PKC-ERK1/2 Pathway. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:2099-2115. [PMID: 36600080 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-03189-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) is typically characterized by chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH), associated with cognitive dysfunction in children. Calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) mediates the apoptosis of hippocampal neurons in various diseases. However, the effect of CaSR on OSAHS remains elusive. In the present study, we investigated the role of CaSR in CIH-induced memory dysfunction and underlying mechanisms on regulation of PKC-ERK1/2 signaling pathway in vivo and in vitro. CIH exposures for 4 weeks in mice, modeling OSAHS, contributed to cognitive dysfunction. CIH accelerated apoptosis of hippocampal neurons and resulted in the synaptic plasticity deficit via downregulated synaptophysin (Syn) protein level. The mice were intraperitoneally injected with CaSR inhibitor (NPS2143) 30 min before CIH exposure and the results demonstrated CaSR inhibitor alleviated the apoptosis and synaptic plasticity deficit in the hippocampus of CIH mice. We established intermittent hypoxia PC12 cell model and found that the activation of CaSR accelerated CIH-induced PC12 apoptosis and synaptic plasticity deficit by upregulated p-ERK1/2 and PKC. Overall, our findings revealed that CaSR held a critical function on CIH-induced cognitive dysfunction in mice by accelerating hippocampal neuronal apoptosis and reducing synaptic plasticity via augmenting CaSR-PKC-ERK1/2 pathway; otherwise, inhibition of CaSR alleviated CIH-induced cognitive dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiya Ying
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 109 Xueyuan Western Road, Wenzhou, China
- Clinical Medicine, The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zilong Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 109 Xueyuan Western Road, Wenzhou, China
- Clinical Medicine, The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Pediatric Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zijing Yang
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 109 Xueyuan Western Road, Wenzhou, China
- Clinical Medicine, The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Cancan You
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 109 Xueyuan Western Road, Wenzhou, China
- Clinical Medicine, The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yuanai Li
- Department of Pediatric Sleep, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiaohong Cai
- Department of Pediatric Sleep, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiucui Li
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 109 Xueyuan Western Road, Wenzhou, China.
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9
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Duarte-Silva AT, Ximenes LGR, Guimarães-Souza M, Domith I, Paes-de-Carvalho R. Chemical signaling in the developing avian retina: Focus on cyclic AMP and AKT-dependent pathways. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:1058925. [PMID: 36568967 PMCID: PMC9780464 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1058925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Communication between developing progenitor cells as well as differentiated neurons and glial cells in the nervous system is made through direct cell contacts and chemical signaling mediated by different molecules. Several of these substances are synthesized and released by developing cells and play roles since early stages of Central Nervous System development. The chicken retina is a very suitable model for neurochemical studies, including the study of regulation of signaling pathways during development. Among advantages of the model are its very well-known histogenesis, the presence of most neurotransmitter systems found in the brain and the possibility to make cultures of neurons and/or glial cells where many neurochemical functions develop in a similar way than in the intact embryonic tissue. In the chicken retina, some neurotransmitters or neuromodulators as dopamine, adenosine, and others are coupled to cyclic AMP production or adenylyl cyclase inhibition since early stages of development. Other substances as vitamin C and nitric oxide are linked to the major neurotransmitter glutamate and AKT metabolism. All these different systems regulate signaling pathways, including PKA, PKG, SRC, AKT and ERK, and the activation of the transcription factor CREB. Dopamine and adenosine stimulate cAMP accumulation in the chick embryo retina through activation of D1 and A2a receptors, respectively, but the onset of dopamine stimulation is much earlier than that of adenosine. However, adenosine can inhibit adenylyl cyclase and modulate dopamine-dependent cAMP increase since early developmental stages through A1 receptors. Dopamine stimulates different PKA as well as EPAC downstream pathways both in intact tissue and in culture as the CSK-SRC pathway modulating glutamate NMDA receptors as well as vitamin C release and CREB phosphorylation. By the other hand, glutamate modulates nitric oxide production and AKT activation in cultured retinal cells and this pathway controls neuronal survival in retina. Glutamate and adenosine stimulate the release of vitamin C and this vitamin regulates the transport of glutamate, activation of NMDA receptors and AKT phosphorylation in cultured retinal cells. In the present review we will focus on these reciprocal interactions between neurotransmitters or neuromodulators and different signaling pathways during retinal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. T. Duarte-Silva
- Program of Neurosciences, Institute of Biology, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Brazil
| | - L. G. R. Ximenes
- Program of Neurosciences, Institute of Biology, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Brazil
| | - M. Guimarães-Souza
- Program of Neurosciences, Institute of Biology, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Brazil
| | - I. Domith
- Program of Neurosciences, Institute of Biology, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Brazil
| | - R. Paes-de-Carvalho
- Program of Neurosciences, Institute of Biology, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Brazil,Department of Neurobiology, Institute of Biology, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Brazil,*Correspondence: R. Paes-de-Carvalho,
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10
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Hypoxia Depresses Synaptic Transmission in the Primary Motor Cortex of the Infant Rat—Role of Adenosine A1 Receptors and Nitric Oxide. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10112875. [DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10112875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The acute and long-term consequences of perinatal asphyxia have been extensively investigated, but only a few studies have focused on postnatal asphyxia. In particular, electrophysiological changes induced in the motor cortex by postnatal asphyxia have not been examined so far, despite the critical involvement of this cortical area in epilepsy. In this study, we exposed primary motor cortex slices obtained from infant rats in an age window (16–18 day-old) characterized by high incidence of hypoxia-induced seizures associated with epileptiform motor behavior to 10 min of hypoxia. Extracellular field potentials evoked by horizontal pathway stimulation were recorded in layers II/III of the primary motor cortex before, during, and after the hypoxic event. The results show that hypoxia reversibly depressed glutamatergic synaptic transmission and neuronal excitability. Data obtained in the presence of specific blockers suggest that synaptic depression was mediated by adenosine acting on pre-synaptic A1 receptors to decrease glutamate release, and by a nitric oxide (NO)/cGMP postsynaptic pathway. These effects are neuroprotective because they limit energy failure. The present findings may be helpful in the preclinical search for therapeutic strategies aimed at preventing acute and long-term neurological consequences of postnatal asphyxia.
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11
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Contribution of Adenosine in the Physiological Changes and Injuries Secondary to Exposure to Extreme Oxygen Pressure in Healthy Subjects. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10092059. [PMID: 36140160 PMCID: PMC9495509 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10092059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Climbers and aviators are exposed to severe hypoxia at high altitudes, whereas divers are exposed to hyperoxia at depth. The aim of this study was to report changes in the adenosinergic system induced by exposure to extreme oxygen partial pressures. At high altitudes, the increased adenosine concentration contributes to brain protection against hypoxia through various mechanisms such as stimulation of glycogenolysis for ATP production, reduction in neuronal energy requirements, enhancement in 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate production, and increase in cerebral blood flow secondary to vasodilation of cerebral arteries. In the context of mountain illness, the increased level of A2AR expression leads to glial dysfunction through neuroinflammation and is involved in the pathogenesis of neurological disorders. Nonetheless, a high level of adenosine concentration can protect against high-altitude pulmonary edema via a decrease in pulmonary arterial pressure. The adenosinergic system is also involved in the acclimatization phenomenon induced by prolonged exposure to altitude hypoxia. During hyperoxic exposure, decreased extracellular adenosine and low A2A receptor expression contribute to vasoconstriction. The resulting decrease in cerebral blood flow is considered a preventive phenomenon against cerebral oxygen toxicity through the decrease in oxygen delivery to the brain. With regard to lung oxygen toxicity, hyperoxia leads to an increase in extracellular adenosine, which acts to preserve pulmonary barrier function. Changes in the adenosinergic system induced by exposure to extreme oxygen partial pressures frequently have a benefit in decreasing the risk of adverse effects.
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12
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Lisek M, Mackiewicz J, Sobolczyk M, Ferenc B, Guo F, Zylinska L, Boczek T. Early Developmental PMCA2b Expression Protects From Ketamine-Induced Apoptosis and GABA Impairments in Differentiating Hippocampal Progenitor Cells. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:890827. [PMID: 35677757 PMCID: PMC9167922 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.890827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
PMCA2 is not expressed until the late embryonic state when the control of subtle Ca2+ fluxes becomes important for neuronal specialization. During this period, immature neurons are especially vulnerable to degenerative insults induced by the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor blocker, ketamine. As H19-7 hippocampal progenitor cells isolated from E17 do not express the PMCA2 isoform, they constitute a valuable model for studying its role in neuronal development. In this study, we demonstrated that heterologous expression of PMCA2b enhanced the differentiation of H19-7 cells and protected from ketamine-induced death. PMCA2b did not affect resting [Ca2+]c in the presence or absence of ketamine and had no effect on the rate of Ca2+ clearance following membrane depolarization in the presence of the drug. The upregulation of endogenous PMCA1 demonstrated in response to PMCA2b expression as well as ketamine-induced PMCA4 depletion were indifferent to the rate of Ca2+ clearance in the presence of ketamine. Yet, co-expression of PMCA4b and PMCA2b was able to partially restore Ca2+ extrusion diminished by ketamine. The profiling of NMDA receptor expression showed upregulation of the NMDAR1 subunit in PMCA2b-expressing cells and increased co-immunoprecipitation of both proteins following ketamine treatment. Further microarray screening demonstrated a significant influence of PMCA2b on GABA signaling in differentiating progenitor cells, manifested by the unique regulation of several genes key to the GABAergic transmission. The overall activity of glutamate decarboxylase remained unchanged, but Ca2+-induced GABA release was inhibited in the presence of ketamine. Interestingly, PMCA2b expression was able to reverse this effect. The mechanism of GABA secretion normalization in the presence of ketamine may involve PMCA2b-mediated inhibition of GABA transaminase, thus shifting GABA utilization from energetic purposes to neurosecretion. In this study, we show for the first time that developmentally controlled PMCA expression may dictate the pattern of differentiation of hippocampal progenitor cells. Moreover, the appearance of PMCA2 early in development has long-standing consequences for GABA metabolism with yet an unpredictable influence on GABAergic neurotransmission during later stages of brain maturation. In contrast, the presence of PMCA2b seems to be protective for differentiating progenitor cells from ketamine-induced apoptotic death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malwina Lisek
- Department of Molecular Neurochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Łódz, Poland
| | - Joanna Mackiewicz
- Department of Molecular Neurochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Łódz, Poland
| | - Marta Sobolczyk
- Department of Molecular Neurochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Łódz, Poland
| | - Bozena Ferenc
- Department of Molecular Neurochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Łódz, Poland
| | - Feng Guo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ludmila Zylinska
- Department of Molecular Neurochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Łódz, Poland
| | - Tomasz Boczek
- Department of Molecular Neurochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Łódz, Poland
- *Correspondence: Tomasz Boczek
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13
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Li X, Ying H, Zhang Z, Yang Z, You C, Cai X, Lin Z, Xiao Y. Sulforaphane Attenuates Chronic Intermittent Hypoxia-Induced Brain Damage in Mice via Augmenting Nrf2 Nuclear Translocation and Autophagy. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:827527. [PMID: 35401114 PMCID: PMC8986999 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.827527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnea–hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS), typically characterized by chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH), is associated with neurocognitive dysfunction in children. Sulforaphane (SFN), an activator of nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), has been demonstrated to protect against oxidative stress in various diseases. However, the effect of SFN on OSAHS remains elusive. In this research, we investigated the neuroprotective role of SFN in CIH-induced cognitive dysfunction and underlying mechanisms of regulation of Nrf2 signaling pathway and autophagy. CIH exposures for 4 weeks in mice, modeling OSAHS, contributed to neurocognitive dysfunction, manifested as increased working memory errors (WMEs), reference memory errors (RMEs) and total memory errors (TEs) in the 8-arm radial maze test. The mice were intraperitoneally injected with SFN (0.5 mg/kg) 30 min before CIH exposure everyday. SFN treatment ameliorated neurocognitive dysfunction in CIH mice, which demonstrates less RME, WME, and TE. Also, SFN effectively alleviated apoptosis of hippocampal neurons following CIH by decreased TUNEL-positive cells, downregulated cleaved PARP, cleaved caspase 3, and upregulated Bcl-2. SFN protects hippocampal tissue from CIH-induced oxidative stress as evidenced by elevated superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities and reduced malondialdehyde (MDA). In addition, we found that SFN enhanced Nrf2 nuclear translocation to hold an antioxidative function on CIH-induced neuronal apoptosis in hippocampus. Meanwhile, SFN promoted autophagy activation, as shown by increased Beclin1, ATG5, and LC3II/LC3I. Overall, our findings indicated that SFN reduced the apoptosis of hippocampal neurons through antioxidant effect of Nrf2 and autophagy in CIH-induced brain damage, which highlights the potential of SFN as a novel therapy for OSAHS-related neurocognitive dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiucui Li
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Huiya Ying
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Clinical Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zilong Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Clinical Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zijing Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Clinical Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Cancan You
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Clinical Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiaohong Cai
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zhongdong Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yanfeng Xiao
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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14
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Li D, Xu N, Hou Y, Ren W, Zhang N, Wang X, Sun Y, Lu W, Qu G, Yu Y, Lv C, Han F. Abnormal lipid droplets accumulation induced cognitive deficits in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome mice via JNK/SREBP/ACC pathway but not through PDP1/PDC pathway. Mol Med 2022; 28:3. [PMID: 35030992 PMCID: PMC8760803 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-021-00427-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms of chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH)-induced cognitive deficits remain unclear. Here, our study found that about 3 months CIH treatment induced lipid droplets (LDs) accumulation in hippocampal nerve and glia cells of C57BL/6 mice, and caused severe neuro damage including neuron lesions, neuroblast (NB) apoptosis and abnormal glial activation. Studies have shown that the neuronal metabolism disorders might contribute to the CIH induced-hippocampal impairment. Mechanistically, the results showed that pyruvate dehydrogenase complex E1ɑ subunit (PDHA1) and the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC) activator pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatase 1 (PDP1) did not noticeable change after intermittent hypoxia. Consistent with those results, the level of Acetyl-CoA in hippocampus did not significantly change after CIH exposure. Interestingly, we found that CIH produced large quantities of ROS, which activated the JNK/SREBP/ACC pathway in nerve and glia cells. ACC catalyzed the carboxylation of Acetyl-CoA to malonyl-CoA and then more lipid acids were synthesized, which finally caused aberrant LDs accumulation. Therefore, the JNK/SREBP/ACC pathway played a crucial role in the cognitive deficits caused by LDs accumulation after CIH exposure. Additionally, LDs were peroxidized by the high level of ROS under CIH conditions. Together, lipid metabolic disorders contributed to nerve and glia cells damage, which ultimately caused behavioral dysfunction. An active component of Salvia miltiorrhiza, SMND-309, dramatically alleviated these injuries and improved cognitive deficits of CIH mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongze Li
- Binzhou Medical University, 346 Guanhai Road, YanTai, 264003, China
| | - Na Xu
- Binzhou Medical University, 346 Guanhai Road, YanTai, 264003, China
| | - Yanyan Hou
- Binzhou Medical University, 346 Guanhai Road, YanTai, 264003, China
| | - Wenjing Ren
- Binzhou Medical University, 346 Guanhai Road, YanTai, 264003, China
| | - Na Zhang
- Binzhou Medical University, 346 Guanhai Road, YanTai, 264003, China
| | - Xi Wang
- Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, 717 Jinbu Street, YanTai, 264199, China
| | - Yeying Sun
- Binzhou Medical University, 346 Guanhai Road, YanTai, 264003, China
| | - Wenxue Lu
- Binzhou Medical University, 346 Guanhai Road, YanTai, 264003, China
| | - Guiwu Qu
- Binzhou Medical University, 346 Guanhai Road, YanTai, 264003, China
| | - Yan Yu
- Binzhou Medical University, 346 Guanhai Road, YanTai, 264003, China.
| | - Changjun Lv
- Binzhou Medical University, 346 Guanhai Road, YanTai, 264003, China.
| | - Fang Han
- Binzhou Medical University, 346 Guanhai Road, YanTai, 264003, China.
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15
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Blockade of adenosine A 2A receptor alleviates cognitive dysfunction after chronic exposure to intermittent hypoxia in mice. Exp Neurol 2021; 350:113929. [PMID: 34813840 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2021.113929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) is widely known for its multiple systems damage, especially neurocognitive deficits in children. Since their discovery, adenosine A2A receptors (A2ARs) have been considered as key elements in signaling pathways mediating neurodegenerative diseases such as Huntington's and Alzheimer's, as well as cognitive function regulation. Herein, we investigated A2AR role in cognitive impairment induced by chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH). Mice were exposed to CIH 7 h every day for 4 weeks, and intraperitoneally injected with A2AR agonist CGS21680 or A2AR antagonist SCH58261 half an hour before IH exposure daily. The 8-arm radial arm maze was utilized to assess spatial memory after CIH exposures.To validate findings using pharmacology, the impact of intermittent hypoxia was investigated in A2AR knockout mice. CIH-induced memory dysfunction was manifested by increased error rates in the radial arm maze test. The behavioral changes were associated with hippocampal pathology, neuronal apoptosis, and synaptic plasticity impairment. The stimulation of adenosine A2AR exacerbated memory impairment with more serious neuropathological damage, attenuated long-term potentiation (LTP), syntaxin down-regulation, and increased BDNF protein. Moreover, apoptosis-promoting protein cleaved caspase-3 was upregulated while anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 was downregulated. Consistent with these findings, A2AR inhibition with SCH58261 and A2AR deletion exhibited the opposite result. Overall, these findings suggest that A2AR plays a critical role in CIH-induced impairment of learning and memory by accelerating hippocampal neuronal apoptosis and reducing synaptic plasticity. Blockade of adenosine A2A receptor alleviates cognitive dysfunction after chronic exposure to intermittent hypoxia in mice.
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16
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Zhao Y, Yang S, Guo Q, Guo Y, Zheng Y, Ji E. Shashen-Maidong Decoction improved chronic intermittent hypoxia-induced cognitive impairment through regulating glutamatergic signaling pathway. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 274:114040. [PMID: 33794336 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is characterized by chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH), which is associated with cognitive impairment. Previous study suggested CIH exposure could induce similar symptoms and signs to the clinical features of Deficiency of both Qi and Yin Syndrome (DQYS) in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). Shashen-Maidong Decoction (SMD) has been applied clinically for DQYS for hundred years. However, SMD treatment could be beneficial to CIH induced cognitive impairment is still unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of SMD treatment on CIH induced cognitive impairment, and to explore the related neuroprotective mechanism. MATERIALS AND METHODS Mice were exposed to CIH for 5 weeks (8 h/day) and were orally treated with either vehicle or SMD (5.265 g/kg/day) 30 min before CIH exposure. Spatial memory was evaluated by Morris Water Maze and Y-Maze test. Synaptic morphology in hippocampus was observed by Golgi-Cox staining and Electron microscope, and NR2B-ERK signaling pathway were detected by western blotting. RESULTS Our results showed that SMD treatment improved performance in either Morris Water Maze or Y-Maze test in mice exposed to CIH, increased spine density and postsynaptic density (PSD) thickness in hippocampus. SMD treatment suppressed the over-activation of NR2B/CaMKII/SynGAP induced by CIH exposure, enhanced ERK/CREB phosphorylation and increased PSD-95 and BDNF expression. CONCLUSION SMD attenuates the CIH-induced cognitive impairment through regulating NR2B-ERK signaling pathway. Additionally, our findings provided that DQYS may be the potential therapeutic target for neurocognitive diseases in patients with OSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhao
- Department of Physiology, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengchang Yang
- Department of Physiology, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People's Republic of China; Hebei Technology Innovation Center of TCM Formula Preparations, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiuhong Guo
- Hebei Technology Innovation Center of TCM Formula Preparations, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yajing Guo
- Scientific Research Center, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuying Zheng
- Department of Physiology, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Ensheng Ji
- Department of Physiology, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People's Republic of China; Hebei Technology Innovation Center of TCM Formula Preparations, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People's Republic of China.
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17
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Garcia-Gil M, Camici M, Allegrini S, Pesi R, Tozzi MG. Metabolic Aspects of Adenosine Functions in the Brain. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:672182. [PMID: 34054547 PMCID: PMC8160517 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.672182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenosine, acting both through G-protein coupled adenosine receptors and intracellularly, plays a complex role in multiple physiological and pathophysiological processes by modulating neuronal plasticity, astrocytic activity, learning and memory, motor function, feeding, control of sleep and aging. Adenosine is involved in stroke, epilepsy and neurodegenerative pathologies. Extracellular concentration of adenosine in the brain is tightly regulated. Adenosine may be generated intracellularly in the central nervous system from degradation of AMP or from the hydrolysis of S-adenosyl homocysteine, and then exit via bi-directional nucleoside transporters, or extracellularly by the metabolism of released nucleotides. Inactivation of extracellular adenosine occurs by transport into neurons or neighboring cells, followed by either phosphorylation to AMP by adenosine kinase or deamination to inosine by adenosine deaminase. Modulation of the nucleoside transporters or of the enzymatic activities involved in the metabolism of adenosine, by affecting the levels of this nucleoside and the activity of adenosine receptors, could have a role in the onset or the development of central nervous system disorders, and can also be target of drugs for their treatment. In this review, we focus on the contribution of 5'-nucleotidases, adenosine kinase, adenosine deaminase, AMP deaminase, AMP-activated protein kinase and nucleoside transporters in epilepsy, cognition, and neurodegenerative diseases with a particular attention on amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and Huntington's disease. We include several examples of the involvement of components of the adenosine metabolism in learning and of the possible use of modulators of enzymes involved in adenosine metabolism or nucleoside transporters in the amelioration of cognition deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mercedes Garcia-Gil
- Department of Biology, Unit of Physiology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.,Interdepartmental Research Center "Nutraceuticals and Food for Health", University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Marcella Camici
- Department of Biology, Unit of Biochemistry, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Simone Allegrini
- Department of Biology, Unit of Biochemistry, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Rossana Pesi
- Department of Biology, Unit of Biochemistry, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Tozzi
- Department of Biology, Unit of Biochemistry, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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18
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Rumman M, Pandey S, Singh B, Gupta M, Ubaid S, Mahdi AA. Genistein Prevents Hypoxia-Induced Cognitive Dysfunctions by Ameliorating Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in the Hippocampus. Neurotox Res 2021; 39:1123-1133. [PMID: 33740236 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-021-00353-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Genistein (GE), a plant-derived isoflavone, is a polyphenolic non-steroidal compound. Studies showed that GE possesses anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, anti-oxidant, and anti-apoptotic activities. However, the neuroprotective role of GE in amnesia has not been studied. This study aimed to evaluate the anti-amnesic potential of GE in a mice model of hypoxia-induced amnesia and to understand the underlying mechanism. Mice were exposed to hypoxia (10% O2) and administered vehicle or GE (10, 20, 30 mg/kg) orally for 28 days. Thereafter, Morris water maze (MWM), novel object recognition (NOR), and passive avoidance task (PAT) were performed to evaluate cognitive behavior. Next, we performed biochemical tests and gene expression analysis to uncover the mechanism underlying GE mode of action. Our results showed that GE-treatment ameliorated hypoxia-induced cognitive dysfunctions in mice. Further, GE-treatment suppressed the oxidative stress in the hippocampus of amnesic mice as evidenced by reduced lipid peroxidation, reduced nitrite and ROS levels, and increased levels of reduced glutathione (GSH) and increased total antioxidant capacity. GE treatment reduced the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNFα, IL1β, IL6, and MCP-1 and increased the expression of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL10 in the hippocampus of amnesic mice. Finally, GE treatment enhanced the expression of neuroprotective genes including BDNF, CREB, CBP, and IGF1 in the hippocampus of amnesic mice. Altogether, our results showed that GE treatment prevents hypoxia-induced cognitive dysfunction in mice by reducing oxidative stress and suppressing neuroinflammation while increasing the expression of neuroprotective genes in the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Rumman
- Department of Biochemistry, King George's Medical University (KGMU), Lucknow, India
| | - Shivani Pandey
- Department of Biochemistry, King George's Medical University (KGMU), Lucknow, India.
| | - Babita Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, King George's Medical University (KGMU), Lucknow, India
| | - Mrinal Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry, King George's Medical University (KGMU), Lucknow, India
| | - Saba Ubaid
- Department of Biochemistry, King George's Medical University (KGMU), Lucknow, India
| | - Abbas Ali Mahdi
- Department of Biochemistry, King George's Medical University (KGMU), Lucknow, India
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19
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Lopes CR, Lourenço VS, Tomé ÂR, Cunha RA, Canas PM. Use of knockout mice to explore CNS effects of adenosine. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 187:114367. [PMID: 33333075 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.114367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The initial exploration using pharmacological tools of the role of adenosine receptors in the brain, concluded that adenosine released as such acted on A1R to inhibit excitability and glutamate release from principal neurons throughout the brain and that adenosine A2A receptors (A2AR) were striatal-'specific' receptors controlling dopamine D2R. This indicted A1R as potential controllers of neurodegeneration and A2AR of psychiatric conditions. Global knockout of these two receptors questioned the key role of A1R and instead identified extra-striatal A2AR as robust controllers of neurodegeneration. Furthermore, transgenic lines with altered metabolic sources of adenosine revealed a coupling of ATP-derived adenosine to activate A2AR and a role of A1R as a hurdle to initiate neurodegeneration. Additionally, cell-selective knockout of A2AR unveiled the different roles of A2AR in different cell types (neurons/astrocytes) in different portions of the striatal circuits (dorsal versus lateral) and in different brain areas (hippocampus/striatum). Finally, a new transgenic mouse line with deletion of all adenosine receptors seems to indicate a major allostatic rather than homeostatic role of adenosine and may allow isolating P2R-mediated responses to unravel their role in the brain, a goal close to heart of Geoffrey Burnstock, to whom we affectionately dedicate this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cátia R Lopes
- CNC- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Vanessa S Lourenço
- CNC- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ângelo R Tomé
- CNC- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal; Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Rodrigo A Cunha
- CNC- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal; Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Paula M Canas
- CNC- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal
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