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Vongthip W, Nilkhet S, Boonruang K, Sukprasansap M, Tencomnao T, Baek SJ. Neuroprotective mechanisms of luteolin in glutamate-induced oxidative stress and autophagy-mediated neuronal cell death. Sci Rep 2024; 14:7707. [PMID: 38565590 PMCID: PMC10987666 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-57824-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases, characterized by progressive neuronal dysfunction and loss, pose significant health challenges. Glutamate accumulation contributes to neuronal cell death in diseases such as Alzheimer's disease. This study investigates the neuroprotective potential of Albizia lebbeck leaf extract and its major constituent, luteolin, against glutamate-induced hippocampal neuronal cell death. Glutamate-treated HT-22 cells exhibited reduced viability, altered morphology, increased ROS, and apoptosis, which were attenuated by pre-treatment with A. lebbeck extract and luteolin. Luteolin also restored mitochondrial function, decreased mitochondrial superoxide, and preserved mitochondrial morphology. Notably, we first found that luteolin inhibited the excessive process of mitophagy via the inactivation of BNIP3L/NIX and inhibited lysosomal activity. Our study suggests that glutamate-induced autophagy-mediated cell death is attenuated by luteolin via activation of mTORC1. These findings highlight the potential of A. lebbeck as a neuroprotective agent, with luteolin inhibiting glutamate-induced neurotoxicity by regulating autophagy and mitochondrial dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wudtipong Vongthip
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Program in Clinical Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, 10330, Bangkok, Thailand
- Laboratory of Signal Transduction, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Sunita Nilkhet
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Program in Clinical Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, 10330, Bangkok, Thailand
- Laboratory of Signal Transduction, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Kanokkan Boonruang
- Laboratory of Signal Transduction, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Monruedee Sukprasansap
- Food Toxicology Unit, Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand
| | - Tewin Tencomnao
- Natural Products for Neuroprotection and Anti-Ageing Research Unit, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
| | - Seung Joon Baek
- Laboratory of Signal Transduction, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Korea.
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Li Y, Jin M, Yin X, Zhou B, Ni H. Effects of leptin treatment immediately after neonatal seizures on serum clusterin and VEGF levels and brain oxidative stress-related proteins and neurobehavioral phenotypes. Epilepsy Behav 2023; 138:109016. [PMID: 36473302 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2022.109016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The developing infant brain has a different response mechanism and repair potential for injury than the adult brain. There is an urgent need for new anticonvulsants to effectively control neonatal seizures while minimizing the drug's toxic damage to the developing brain. Leptin protects neuronal plasma membrane integrity, while it has clinical advantages in terms of anticonvulsant properties as well. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of immediate leptin treatment on the serum concentration of clusterin and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), neuronal plasma membrane integrity-related proteins, and the neurobehavioral phenotypes following neonatal seizures. Leptin was injected i.p at a dose of 4 mg/kg 1 hour after daily 30 minutes prolonged seizures for consecutive 10 days. The serum biomarkers (clusterin and VEGF), and brain protein expression of ATF-4/GRP78/autophagy axis were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and western blot in the acute phase (24 hours after the last seizures), respectively. Behavioral and histopathological phenotypes and seizure threshold were conducted from P23 to P34, respectively. There were rapid elevation of serum VEGF and clusterin as well as upregulated protein expression of ATF-4, GRP78, Beclin-1, and LC3 in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus following a neonatal seizure, which was restored by immediate treatment with leptin after seizures. In addition, leptin improved seizure-induced impaired neuropsychological, and cognitive functioning. Furthermore, leptin succeeded in ameliorating markers of neuronal excitability, including seizure threshold and hippocampal mossy fiber sprouting. In conclusion, this study verified that immediate treatment with leptin after neonatal seizures restored both rapid elevation of serum clusterin as well as upregulated protein expression of ATF-4/GRP78/autophagy axis in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus, which contributes to the recovery of neurological function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yachao Li
- Division of Brain Science, Institute of Pediatric Research, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China; Department of Pediatrics, The First People's Hospital, Pingdingshan, Henan Province, China
| | - Meifang Jin
- Division of Brain Science, Institute of Pediatric Research, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiaoping Yin
- Department of Pediatrics, Taixing People's Hospital, Taizhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Baojian Zhou
- Department of Pediatrics, Taixing People's Hospital, Taizhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Hong Ni
- Division of Brain Science, Institute of Pediatric Research, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
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3
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Research progress on oxidative stress regulating different types of neuronal death caused by epileptic seizures. Neurol Sci 2022; 43:6279-6298. [DOI: 10.1007/s10072-022-06302-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
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Harvey J. Food for Thought: Leptin and Hippocampal Synaptic Function. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:882158. [PMID: 35784728 PMCID: PMC9247348 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.882158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well documented that the endocrine hormone, leptin controls energy homeostasis by providing key signals to specific hypothalamic nuclei. However, our knowledge of leptin’s central actions has advanced considerably over the last 20 years, with the hippocampus now established as an important brain target for this hormone. Leptin receptors are highly localised to hippocampal synapses, and increasing evidence reveals that activation of synaptically located leptin receptors markedly impacts cognitive processes, and specifically hippocampal-dependent learning and memory. Here, we review the recent actions of leptin at hippocampal synapses and explore the consequences for brain health and disease.
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Xiong Y, Zhou D, Zheng K, Bi W, Dong Y. Extracellular Adenosine Triphosphate Binding to P2Y1 Receptors Prevents Glutamate-Induced Excitotoxicity: Involvement of Erk1/2 Signaling Pathway to Suppress Autophagy. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:901688. [PMID: 35747207 PMCID: PMC9209742 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.901688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Glutamate-induced neuroexcitotoxicity could be related to the pathophysiology of some neurodegenerative diseases including Parkinson’s disease and Alzheimer’s disease. Extracellular ATP exerts a wide variety of functions, such as attenuating Aβ-mediated toxicity, inhibiting N-Methyl-D-Aspartate (NMDA) receptor subunit combinations, and aggravating ischemic brain injury. However, the effect of extracellular ATP on glutamate-induced neuroexcitotoxicity remains largely unknown. Herein, we showed that extracellular ATP prevented the glutamate-induced excitotoxicity via binding to its P2Y1 receptors. We found that excessive glutamate triggered cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) overproduction and mitochondrial membrane potential damage, which were significantly attenuated by extracellular ATP. Besides, glutamate activated autophagy, as illustrated by the increased protein level of autophagic marker LC3II and decreased level of p62, and glutamate-induced neuroexcitotoxicity could be completely abolished by autophagy inhibitor chloroquine. In addition, we revealed that extracellular ATP activated Erk1/2 signaling to suppress autophagy and to exert its neuroprotective effects, which was further reduced by autophagy agonist rapamycin and the selective Erk1/2 inhibitor PD0325901. Taken together, our findings suggest that extracellular ATP binding to P2Y1 receptors protected against glutamate-induced excitotoxicity via Erk1/2-mediated autophagy inhibition, implying the potential of ATP for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiping Xiong
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Duanyang Zhou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Kai Zheng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wenchuan Bi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yun Dong
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
- School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Zhuhai College of Science and Technology, Zhuhai, China
- *Correspondence: Yun Dong, ; orcid.org/0000-0002-5658-3896
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Wang D, Liu Y, Zhao D, Jin M, Li L, Ni H. Plppr5 gene inactivation causes a more severe neurological phenotype and abnormal mitochondrial homeostasis in a mouse model of juvenile seizure. Epilepsy Res 2022; 183:106944. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2022.106944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Sun Y, Jin MF, Li L, Liu Y, Wang D, Ni H. Genetic Inhibition of Plppr5 Aggravates Hypoxic-Ischemie-Induced Cortical Damage and Excitotoxic Phenotype. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:751489. [PMID: 35401091 PMCID: PMC8987356 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.751489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia-ischemia (HI) is the most common acute brain threat in neonates and a leading cause of neurodevelopmental impairment. Exploring the new molecular mechanism of HI brain injury has important clinical translational significance for the next clinical intervention research. Lipid phosphatase-related proteins (PLPPRs) are regulators of mitochondrial membrane integrity and energy metabolism. We recently found that Plppr5 knockout exacerbated HI impairment in some aspects and partially attenuated the neuroprotective effects of melatonin, suggesting that Plppr5 may be a novel intervention target for HI. The present study aimed to determine the long-term effects of gene knockout of Plppr5 on HI brain injury, focusing on the neuronal excitability phenotype, and to determine the effect of Plppr5 gene silencing on neuronal zinc metabolism and mitochondrial function in vitro. 10-day-old wild type (WT) mice and Plppr5-deficient (Plppr5–/–) mice were subjected to hypoxia-ischemia. Lesion volumes and HI-induced neuroexcitotoxic phenotypes were quantified together with ZnT1 protein expression in hippocampus. In addition, HT22 (mouse hippocampal neuronal cells) cell model was established by oxygen–glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) treatment and was treated with medium containing LV-sh_Plppr5 or control virus. Mitochondrial oxidative stress indicator ROS, mitochondrial ZnT1 protein expression and zinc ion content were detected.ResultsPlppr5-deficient mice subjected to hypoxia-ischemia at postnatal day 10 present significantly higher cerebral infarction. Plppr5-deficient mice were endowed with a more pronounced superexcitability phenotype at 4 weeks after HI, manifested as a reduced seizure threshold. ZnT1 protein was also found reduced in Plppr5-deficient mice as well as in mice subjected to HI excitotoxicity. Plppr5 knockout in vivo exacerbates HI brain injury phenotypes, including infarct volume and seizure threshold. In addition, knockout of the Plppr5 gene reduced the MFS score to some extent. In vitro Plppr5 silencing directly interferes with neuronal zinc metabolism homeostasis and exacerbates hypoxia-induced mitochondrial oxidative stress damage. Taken together, our findings demonstrate for the first time that Plppr5-deficient mouse pups exposed to neuronal hypoxia and ischemia exhibit aggravated acute brain injury and long-term brain excitability compared with the same treated WT pups, which may be related to the disruption of zinc and mitochondria-dependent metabolic pathways in the hippocampus. These data support further investigation into novel approaches targeting Plppr5-mediated zinc and mitochondrial homeostasis in neonatal HIE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxiao Sun
- Division of Brain Science, Institute of Pediatric Research, Children’s Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mei-fang Jin
- Division of Brain Science, Institute of Pediatric Research, Children’s Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Lili Li
- Division of Brain Science, Institute of Pediatric Research, Children’s Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yueying Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Dandan Wang
- Division of Brain Science, Institute of Pediatric Research, Children’s Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Hong Ni
- Division of Brain Science, Institute of Pediatric Research, Children’s Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Hong Ni,
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Chen S, Xu D, Fan L, Fang Z, Wang X, Li M. Roles of N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptors (NMDARs) in Epilepsy. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 14:797253. [PMID: 35069111 PMCID: PMC8780133 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2021.797253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy is one of the most common neurological disorders characterized by recurrent seizures. The mechanism of epilepsy remains unclear and previous studies suggest that N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) play an important role in abnormal discharges, nerve conduction, neuron injury and inflammation, thereby they may participate in epileptogenesis. NMDARs belong to a family of ionotropic glutamate receptors that play essential roles in excitatory neurotransmission and synaptic plasticity in the mammalian CNS. Despite numerous studies focusing on the role of NMDAR in epilepsy, the relationship appeared to be elusive. In this article, we reviewed the regulation of NMDAR and possible mechanisms of NMDAR in epilepsy and in respect of onset, development, and treatment, trying to provide more evidence for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Man Li
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Mani C, Acharya G, Kshirsagar S, Vijayan M, Khan H, Hemachandra Reddy P, Palle K. A Novel Role for BRIP1/FANCJ in Neuronal Cells Health and in Resolving Oxidative Stress-Induced DNA Lesions. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 85:207-221. [PMID: 34776453 DOI: 10.3233/jad-215305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND DNA damage accumulation and mitochondrial abnormalities are elevated in neurons during aging and may contribute to neurodegenerative pathologic conditions such as Alzheimer's disease. BRCA1 interacting protein 1 or BRIP1 is a 5' to 3' DNA helicase that catalyzes many abnormal DNA structures during DNA replication, gene transcription, and recombination, and contribute to genomic integrity. OBJECTIVE BRIP1 functions were reasonably well studied in DNA repair; however, there is limited data on its role and regulation during aging and neurodegenerative diseases. METHODS We used immunohistochemistry, western blot, and qRT-PCR assays to analyze the expression of BRIP1. Immunofluorescence studies were performed to study the formation of R-loops, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and mitochondrial morphology. Flow cytometry and transmission electron microscopy were used to evaluate mitochondrial ROS and mitochondrial structures, respectively. Oxygen consumption rate was measured using Seahorse, and the Presto Blue™ assays were used to evaluate cell viability. RESULTS Our results demonstrate the expression of BRIP1 in mouse and human brain tissues and in neuronal cell lines. BRIP1 levels were elevated in the hippocampal regions of the brains, specifically in the dentate gyrus. BRIP1 downregulation in neuronal cells caused increased R-loop formation basally and in response to H2O2 treatment. Furthermore, BRIP1 deficient cells exhibited elevated levels of excitotoxicity induced by L-Glutamic acid exposure as evidenced by (mitochondrial) ROS levels, deteriorated mitochondrial health, and cell death compared to BRIP1 proficient neuronal cells. CONCLUSION Overall, our results indicate an important role for BRIP1 in maintaining neuronal cell health and homeostasis by suppressing cellular oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinnadurai Mani
- Department of Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Ganesh Acharya
- Department of Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Sudhir Kshirsagar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Murali Vijayan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Hafiz Khan
- Julia Jones Matthews Department of Public Health, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - P Hemachandra Reddy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Komaraiah Palle
- Department of Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
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The Protective Role of E-64d in Hippocampal Excitotoxic Neuronal Injury Induced by Glutamate in HT22 Hippocampal Neuronal Cells. Neural Plast 2021; 2021:7174287. [PMID: 34721570 PMCID: PMC8550833 DOI: 10.1155/2021/7174287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy is the most common childhood neurologic disorder. Status epilepticus (SE), which refers to continuous epileptic seizures, occurs more frequently in children than in adults, and approximately 40–50% of all cases occur in children under 2 years of age. Conventional antiepileptic drugs currently used in clinical practice have a number of adverse side effects. Drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE) can progressively develop in children with persistent SE, necessitating the development of novel therapeutic drugs. During SE, the persistent activation of neurons leads to decreased glutamate clearance with corresponding glutamate accumulation in the synaptic extracellular space, increasing the chance of neuronal excitotoxicity. Our previous study demonstrated that after developmental seizures in rats, E-64d exerts a neuroprotective effect on the seizure-induced brain damage by modulating lipid metabolism enzymes, especially ApoE and ApoJ/clusterin. In this study, we investigated the impact and mechanisms of E-64d administration on neuronal excitotoxicity. To test our hypothesis that E-64d confers neuroprotective effects by regulating autophagy and mitochondrial pathway activity, we simulated neuronal excitotoxicity in vitro using an immortalized hippocampal neuron cell line (HT22). We found that E-64d improved cell viability while reducing oxidative stress and neuronal apoptosis. In addition, E-64d treatment regulated mitochondrial pathway activity and inhibited chaperone-mediated autophagy in HT22 cells. Our findings indicate that E-64d may alleviate glutamate-induced damage via regulation of mitochondrial fission and apoptosis, as well as inhibition of chaperone-mediated autophagy. Thus, E-64d may be a promising therapeutic treatment for hippocampal injury associated with SE.
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Vongthip W, Sillapachaiyaporn C, Kim KW, Sukprasansap M, Tencomnao T. Thunbergia laurifolia Leaf Extract Inhibits Glutamate-Induced Neurotoxicity and Cell Death through Mitophagy Signaling. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10111678. [PMID: 34829549 PMCID: PMC8614718 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10111678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress plays a crucial role in neurodegeneration. Therefore, reducing oxidative stress in the brain is an important strategy to prevent neurodegenerative disorders. Thunbergia laurifolia (Rang-jued) is well known as an herbal tea in Thailand. Here, we aimed to determine the protective effects of T. laurifolia leaf extract (TLE) on glutamate-induced oxidative stress toxicity and mitophagy-mediated cell death in mouse hippocampal cells (HT-22). Our results reveal that TLE possesses a high level of bioactive antioxidants by LC–MS technique. We found that the pre-treatment of cells with TLE prevented glutamate-induced neuronal death in a concentration-dependent manner. TLE reduced the intracellular ROS and maintained the mitochondrial membrane potential caused by glutamate. Moreover, TLE upregulated the gene expression of antioxidant enzymes (SOD1, SOD2, CAT, and GPx). Interestingly, glutamate also induced the activation of the mitophagy process. However, TLE could reverse this activity by inhibiting autophagic protein (LC3B-II/LC3B-I) activation and increasing a specific mitochondrial protein (TOM20). Our results suggest that excessive glutamate can cause neuronal death through mitophagy-mediated cell death signaling in HT-22 cells. Our findings indicate that TLE protects cells from neuronal death by stimulating the endogenous antioxidant enzymes and inhibiting glutamate-induced oxidative toxicity via the mitophagy–autophagy pathway. TLE might have potential as an alternative or therapeutic approach in neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wudtipong Vongthip
- Graduate Program in Clinical Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (W.V.); (C.S.)
| | - Chanin Sillapachaiyaporn
- Graduate Program in Clinical Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (W.V.); (C.S.)
| | - Kyu-Won Kim
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea;
| | - Monruedee Sukprasansap
- Food Toxicology Unit, Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
- Correspondence: (M.S.); (T.T.); Tel.: +66-2-800-2380 (M.S.); +66-2-218-1533 (T.T.)
| | - Tewin Tencomnao
- Natural Products for Neuroprotection and Anti-Ageing Research Unit, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Correspondence: (M.S.); (T.T.); Tel.: +66-2-800-2380 (M.S.); +66-2-218-1533 (T.T.)
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Wang D, Jin MF, Li L, Liu Y, Sun Y, Ni H. PRG5 Knockout Precipitates Late-Onset Hypersusceptibility to Pilocarpine-Induced Juvenile Seizures by Exacerbating Hippocampal Zinc Signaling-Mediated Mitochondrial Damage. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:715555. [PMID: 34512249 PMCID: PMC8430038 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.715555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Epileptogenesis is understood as the plastic process that produces a persistent reorganization of the brain’s neural network after a precipitating injury (recurrent neonatal seizures, for instance) with a latent period, finally leading to neuronal hyperexcitability. Plasticity-related genes (PRGs), also known as lipid phosphate phosphatase-related proteins (PLPPRs), are regulators of mitochondrial membrane integrity and energy metabolism. This study was undertaken to determine whether PRG5 gene knockout contributes to the delayed hypersensitivity induced by developmental seizures and the aberrant sprouting of hippocampal mossy fibers, and to determine whether it is achieved through the mitochondrial pathway. Here, we developed a “twist” seizure model by coupling pilocarpine-induced juvenile seizures with later exposure to penicillin to test the long-term effects of PRG5 knockout on seizure latency through comparison with wild-type (WT) mice. Hippocampal mossy fiber sprouting (MFS) was detected by Timm staining. In order to clarify the mechanism of the adverse reactions triggered by PRG5 knockout, hippocampal HT22 neuronal cultures were exposed to glutamate, with or without PRG5 interference. Mitochondrial function, oxidative stress indicators and zinc ion content were detected. Results PRG5 gene knockout significantly reduced the seizure latency, and aggravated the lowered seizure threshold induced by developmental seizures. Besides, knockout of the PRG5 gene reduced the MFS scores to a certain extent. Furthermore, PRG5 gene silencing significantly increases the zinc ion content in hippocampal neurons, impairs neuronal activity and mitochondrial function, and exacerbates glutamate-induced oxidative stress damage. Conclusion In summary, PRG5 KO is associated with significantly greater hypersusceptibility to juvenile seizures in PRG5(–/–) mice compared with WT mice. These effects may be related to the hippocampal zinc signaling. The effects do not appear to be related to changes in MFS because KO mice with juvenile seizures had the shortest seizure latencies but exhibited less MFS than WT mice with juvenile seizures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Wang
- Division of Brain Science, Institute of Pediatric Research, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Department of Pediatrics, First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Mei-Fang Jin
- Division of Brain Science, Institute of Pediatric Research, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Lili Li
- Division of Brain Science, Institute of Pediatric Research, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yueying Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, North Branch, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yuxiao Sun
- Division of Brain Science, Institute of Pediatric Research, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Hong Ni
- Division of Brain Science, Institute of Pediatric Research, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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Ni H, Biagini G, Upadhya D, Capuano A. Editorial: Endocrine Modulators of Neurological Processes: Potential Treatment Targets of Pediatric Neurological Diseases. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:655290. [PMID: 33679621 PMCID: PMC7930474 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.655290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Ni
- Division of Brain Science, Institute of Pediatric Research, Children’s Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Hong Ni, ; Giuseppe Biagini, ; Dinesh Upadhya, ; Alessandro Capuano,
| | - Giuseppe Biagini
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
- *Correspondence: Hong Ni, ; Giuseppe Biagini, ; Dinesh Upadhya, ; Alessandro Capuano,
| | - Dinesh Upadhya
- Centre for Molecular Neurosciences, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
- *Correspondence: Hong Ni, ; Giuseppe Biagini, ; Dinesh Upadhya, ; Alessandro Capuano,
| | - Alessandro Capuano
- Movement Disorders Clinic, Neurology Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
- *Correspondence: Hong Ni, ; Giuseppe Biagini, ; Dinesh Upadhya, ; Alessandro Capuano,
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Bach P, Koopmann A, Bumb JM, Vollstädt-Klein S, Reinhard I, Rietschel M, Witt SH, Wiedemann K, Kiefer F. Leptin predicts cortical and subcortical gray matter volume recovery in alcohol dependent patients: A longitudinal structural magnetic resonance imaging study. Horm Behav 2020; 124:104749. [PMID: 32387173 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2020.104749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The neuroprotective effects of leptin and its role in addictive disorders has been highlighted by several recent studies. However, its potential effects on morphological alterations in alcohol dependence are yet to be investigated. Associations between leptin and the longitudinal courses of gray matter volume (GMV) and cortical thickness (CT) were investigated in N = 62 alcohol-dependent patients that underwent structural magnetic resonance imaging after a mean abstinence of 12 (baseline) and 27 days (follow-up) respectively. Blood samples were collected at baseline to determine leptin levels. A cohort of N = 74 healthy individuals served as a reference sample. At baseline, alcohol-dependent patients compared to healthy controls displayed smaller GMV in the insula, parts of the superior, middle and inferior frontal gyri and hippocampal regions and thinner CT in the insula, parts of the superior and middle frontal cortices, the lateral orbitofrontal cortex and parts of the occipital and lingual cortices that partially recovered during abstinence (pFWE < 0.05). In alcohol-dependent patients, leptin was a significant predictor of GMV and CT recovery in the areas that showed the strongest whole-brain effects, specifically GMV in the right insula (R2 = 0.070, pFDR = 0.040) and left inferior frontal triangular gyrus (R2 = 0.076, pFDR = 0.040), as well as CT in the left insula (R2 = 0.158, pFDR = 0.004) and right superior frontal cortex (R2 = 0.180, pFDR = 0.004). Present results support the role of leptin in predicting GMV and CT recovery during the first month of abstinence in alcohol-dependent patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Bach
- Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Germany; Feuerlein Center on Translational Addiction Medicine (FCTS), University of Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Anne Koopmann
- Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Germany; Feuerlein Center on Translational Addiction Medicine (FCTS), University of Heidelberg, Germany
| | - J Malte Bumb
- Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Germany; Feuerlein Center on Translational Addiction Medicine (FCTS), University of Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sabine Vollstädt-Klein
- Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Germany; Feuerlein Center on Translational Addiction Medicine (FCTS), University of Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Iris Reinhard
- Department of Biostatistics, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Germany
| | - Marcella Rietschel
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Germany
| | - Stephanie H Witt
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Germany
| | - Klaus Wiedemann
- Department of Psychiatry & Psychotherapy, University Medical Center, Hamburg, Martinistr. 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Falk Kiefer
- Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Germany; Feuerlein Center on Translational Addiction Medicine (FCTS), University of Heidelberg, Germany
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15
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Silencing of circFoxO3 Protects HT22 Cells from Glutamate-Induced Oxidative Injury via Regulating the Mitochondrial Apoptosis Pathway. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2020; 40:1231-1242. [PMID: 32140899 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-020-00817-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies demonstrated that FoxO3 circular RNA (circFoxO3) plays an important regulatory role in tumourigenesis and cardiomyopathy. However, the role of circFoxO3 in neurodegenerative diseases remains unknown. The aim of this study was to examine the possible role of circFoxO3 in neurodegenerative diseases and the underlying mechanisms. To model human neurodegenerative conditions, hippocampus-derived neurons were treated with glutamate. Using molecular and cellular biology approaches, we found that circFoxO3 expression was significantly higher in the glutamate treatment group than that in the control group. Furthermore, silencing of circFoxO3 protected HT22 cells from glutamate-induced oxidative injury through the inhibition of the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. Collectively, our study demonstrates that endogenous circFoxO3 plays a key role in inducing apoptosis and neuronal cell death and may act as a novel therapeutic target for neurodegenerative diseases.
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16
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Li M, Shao J, Guo Z, Jin C, Wang L, Wang F, Jia Y, Zhu Z, Zhang Z, Zhang F, Zheng S, Wang X. Novel mitochondrion-targeting copper(II) complex induces HK2 malfunction and inhibits glycolysis via Drp1-mediating mitophagy in HCC. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:3091-3107. [PMID: 31994339 PMCID: PMC7077532 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
[Cu(ttpy-tpp)Br2 ]Br (abbreviated as CTB) is a novel mitochondrion-targeting copper(II) complex synthesized by our research group, which contains tri-phenyl-phosphonium (TPP) groups as its lipophilic property. In this study, we explored how CTB affects mitochondrial functions and exerts its anti-tumour activity. Multiple functional and molecular analyses including Seahorse XF Bioanalyzer Platform, Western blot, immunofluorescence analysis, co-immunoprecipitation and transmission electron microscopy were used to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. Human hepatoma cells were subcutaneously injected into right armpit of male nude mice for evaluating the effects of CTB in vivo. We discovered that CTB inhibited aerobic glycolysis and cell acidification by impairing the activity of HK2 in hepatoma cells, accompanied by dissociation of HK2 from mitochondria. The modification of HK2 not only led to the complete dissipation of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) but also promoted the opening of mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP), contributing to the activation of mitophagy. In addition, CTB co-ordinately promoted dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) recruitment in mitochondria to induce mitochondrial fission. Our findings established a previously unrecognized role for copper complex in aerobic glycolysis of tumour cells, revealing the interaction between mitochondrial HK2-mediated mitophagy and Drp1-regulated mitochondrial fission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Xuzhou Pharmaceutical Vocational College, Xuzhou, China
| | - Jiangjuan Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Zijian Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chun Jin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Ling Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Feixia Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yan Jia
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhenzhu Zhu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University Of Finance & Economics, Nanjing, China
| | - Ziji Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Shizhong Zheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoyong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
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17
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Shin HJ, Park H, Shin N, Kwon HH, Yin Y, Hwang JA, Song HJ, Kim J, Kim DW, Beom J. Pink1-Mediated Chondrocytic Mitophagy Contributes to Cartilage Degeneration in Osteoarthritis. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8111849. [PMID: 31684073 PMCID: PMC6912334 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8111849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 10/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cartilage loss is a central event in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis (OA), though other than mechanical loading, the biochemical mechanisms underlying OA pathology remain poorly elucidated. We investigated the role of Pink1-mediated mitophagy in mitochondrial fission, a crucial process in OA pathogenesis. We used a monosodium iodoacetate (MIA)-induced rodent model of OA, which inhibits the activity of articular chondrocytes, leading to disruption of glycolytic energy metabolism and eventual cell death. The OA rat cartilage exhibits significant induction of autophagy-related proteins LC3B and p62, similar to human osteoarthritic cartilage. Moreover, expression of Pink1 and Parkin proteins were also increased in OA. Here, we confirm that Pink1-mediated mitophagy leads to cell death in chondrocytes following MIA treatment, while deficiency in Pink1 expression was associated with decreased cartilage damage and pain behaviors in MIA-induced OA. Finally, we found that autophagy and mitophagy-related genes are highly expressed in human osteoarthritic cartilage. These results indicate that OA is a degenerative condition associated with mitophagy, and suggest that targeting the Pink1 pathway may provide a therapeutic avenue for OA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo Jung Shin
- Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Korea.
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Brain Research Institute, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Korea.
| | - Hyewon Park
- Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Korea.
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Brain Research Institute, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Korea.
| | - Nara Shin
- Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Korea.
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Brain Research Institute, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Korea.
| | - Hyeok Hee Kwon
- Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Korea.
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Brain Research Institute, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Korea.
| | - Yuhua Yin
- Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Korea.
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Brain Research Institute, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Korea.
| | - Jeong-Ah Hwang
- Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Korea.
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Brain Research Institute, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Korea.
| | - Hee-Jung Song
- Department of Neurology, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Korea.
| | - Jinhyun Kim
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Korea.
| | - Dong Woon Kim
- Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Korea.
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Brain Research Institute, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Korea.
| | - Jaewon Beom
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul 06973, Korea.
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18
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Xu H, Li X, Wu X, Yang Y, Dai S, Lei T, Jing D, Luo P, Luo E. Iduna protects HT22 cells by inhibiting parthanatos: The role of the p53-MDM2 pathway. Exp Cell Res 2019; 384:111547. [PMID: 31472117 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2019.111547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is common and often fatal in current times. The role of poly(adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase (PARP)-induced cell death (parthanatos) in TBI has not been well studied. Our past study showed that oxidative stress-induced cell death includes parthanatos by confirming the occurrence of PARP activation and nuclear translocation of apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF). As oxidative stress plays a key role in pathological progression after TBI, we believe TBI may also be alleviated by the expression of Iduna, which is the only known endogenous regulator of parthanatos. Thus, a transection model in HT-22 cells was established for present study. Downregulation of Iduna aggravated the cell damage caused by mechanical cell injury, whereas upregulation of Iduna reduced mitochondrial dysfunction induced by mechanical cell injury but exerted no effect on apoptosis associated with mitochondrial dysfunction. By contrast, Iduna prevented parthanatos by reducing PARP activation and nuclear translocation of AIF. We also investigated 2 novel p53-MDM2 pathway inhibitors, AMG 232 and Nutlin-3, which substantially reduced the protective effects of Iduna. These findings indicate that Iduna might prevent TBI by specifically inhibiting parthanatos and promoting mitochondrial function, with the p53-MDM2 pathway playing a critical role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoxiang Xu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiuquan Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yuefan Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China; The 251th Hospital of PLA, Zhangjiakou, China
| | - Shuhui Dai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Tao Lei
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Da Jing
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Peng Luo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Erping Luo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
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19
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Chen NN, Zhao DJ, Sun YX, Wang DD, Ni H. Long-Term Effects of Zinc Deficiency and Zinc Supplementation on Developmental Seizure-Induced Brain Damage and the Underlying GPR39/ZnT-3 and MBP Expression in the Hippocampus. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:920. [PMID: 31551684 PMCID: PMC6737275 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
We previously illustrated that long-term upregulated expression of ZnT-3 in the hippocampus of rats that underwent neonatal seizures was restored by pretreatment with a ketogenic diet. It was recently demonstrated that upregulated expression of ZnT-3 was associated with increased concentrations of intracellular free zinc ions in an in vitro model of glutamate-induced hippocampal neuronal excitotoxic damage. However, there is still a lack of research on the effects of different concentrations of zinc in the diet on developmental convulsive brain injury. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of different zinc concentrations in the diet on long-term neurobehavioral and seizure thresholds following lithium chloride-pilocarpine-induced developmental seizures. Sprague-Dawley rats (postnatal day 27, P27) were randomly assigned to one of six dietary groups for 4 weeks: normal zinc control group (Control group, 44 mg/kg Zn), Zn-deficient control group (ZD group, 2.7 mg/kg Zn), Zn supplemented control group (ZS group, 246 mg/kg Zn), pilocarpine-induced seizure plus regular zinc diet group (SE group, 44 mg/kg Zn), seizure plus low-zinc diet group (SE + ZD group, 2.7 mg/kg Zn), and seizure plus high-zinc diet group (SE + ZS group, 246 mg/kg Zn). Novel object recognition and passive avoidance tests were performed on rats at P42 and P56. After routine seizure threshold detection and Timm staining procedures at P57, expression of GPR39, ZnT-3, and MBP were detected in the hippocampus by Western blot analysis. The results revealed that the Zinc-deficient diet for 4 weeks aggravated the long-term adverse effects of developmental seizures, evidenced by weight, cognition, seizure threshold and serum zinc concentrations, which were paralleled by expression changes in hippocampal GPR39 and ZnT-3. In contrast, zinc supplementation for 4 weeks significantly improved damage-related changes described above and rescued the abnormal expression of GPR39, ZnT-3, and MBP in the hippocampus. Similar alterations between the expression pattern of MBP and aberrant sprouting of mossy fibers in the hippocampus may indicate that sprouting is a secondary pathological change caused by developmental brain damage rather than the cause of epileptogenesis. Up-regulation of MBP protein levels in the high zinc diet-treated seizure group as well as the corresponding improvement of cognitive impairment and reduced hippocampal mossy fiber regenerative sprouting, may represent a compensatory mechanism for neuronal membrane damage and repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ni-Na Chen
- Division of Brain Science, Institute of Pediatric Research, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Dong-Jing Zhao
- Division of Brain Science, Institute of Pediatric Research, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yu-Xiao Sun
- Division of Brain Science, Institute of Pediatric Research, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Dan-Dan Wang
- Division of Brain Science, Institute of Pediatric Research, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Hong Ni
- Division of Brain Science, Institute of Pediatric Research, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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20
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Fujita Y, Yamashita T. The Effects of Leptin on Glial Cells in Neurological Diseases. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:828. [PMID: 31447640 PMCID: PMC6692660 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
It is known that various endocrine modulators, including leptin and ghrelin, have neuroprotective roles in neurological diseases. Leptin is a hormone produced by adipocytes and was originally identified as a gene related to obesity in mice. The leptin receptors in the hypothalamus are the main target for the homeostatic regulation of body weight. Recent studies have demonstrated that leptin receptors are also expressed in other regions of the central nervous system (CNS), such as the hippocampus, cerebral cortex, and spinal cord. Accordingly, these studies identified the involvement of leptin in the regulation of neuronal survival and neural development. Furthermore, leptin has been shown to have neuroprotective functions in animal models of neurological diseases and demyelination. These observations also suggest that dysregulation of leptin signaling may be involved in the association between neurodegeneration and obesity. In this review, we summarize novel functions of leptin in animal models of neurodegenerative diseases. Specifically, we focus on the emerging evidence for the role of leptin in non-neuronal cells in the CNS, including astrocytes, microglia, and oligodendrocytes. Understanding leptin-mediated neuroprotective signals and molecular mechanisms underlying remyelination will be helpful to establish therapeutic strategies against neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Fujita
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.,WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Toshihide Yamashita
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.,WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.,Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.,Department of Neuro-Medical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
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21
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Wang DD, Jin MF, Zhao DJ, Ni H. Reduction of Mitophagy-Related Oxidative Stress and Preservation of Mitochondria Function Using Melatonin Therapy in an HT22 Hippocampal Neuronal Cell Model of Glutamate-Induced Excitotoxicity. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:550. [PMID: 31440210 PMCID: PMC6694460 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent evidence indicates that autophagy-mediated mitochondrial homeostasis is crucial for oxidative stress-related brain damage and repair. The highest concentration of melatonin is in the mitochondria of cells, and melatonin exhibits well-known antioxidant properties. We investigated the impact and mechanism involved in mitochondrial function and the mitochondrial oxidative stress/autophagy regulator parameters of glutamate cytotoxicity in mouse HT22 hippocampal neurons. We tested the hypothesis that melatonin confers neuroprotective effects via protecting against mitochondrial impairment and mitophagy. Cells were divided into four groups: the control group, melatonin alone group, glutamate injury group, and melatonin pretreatment group. We found that glutamate induced significant changes in mitochondrial function/oxidative stress-related parameters. Leptin administration preserved mitochondrial function, and this effect was associated with increased superoxide dismutase, glutathione (GSH), and mitochondrial membrane potential and decreased GSSG (oxidized glutathione) and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species. Melatonin significantly reduced the fluorescence intensity of mitophagy via the Beclin-1/Bcl-2 pathway, which involves Beclin-1 and Bcl-2 proteins. The mitophagy inhibitor CsA corrected these glutamate-induce changes, as measured by the fluorescence intensity of Mitophagy-Tracker Red CMXROS, mitochondrial ROS, and mitochondrial membrane potential changes. These findings indicate that melatonin exerts neuroprotective effects against glutamate-induced excitotoxicity by reducing mitophagy-related oxidative stress and maintaining mitochondrial function.
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22
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Sun X, Zhang Y, Xi S, Ma L, Li S. MiR‐330‐3p suppresses phosphoglycerate mutase family member 5 ‐inducted mitophagy to alleviate hepatic ischemia‐reperfusion injury. J Cell Biochem 2018; 120:4255-4267. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiang‐Li Sun
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Medical College, Henan University of Science and Technology Luoyang China
| | - Yan‐Le Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Medical College, Henan University of Science and Technology Luoyang China
| | - Shou‐Min Xi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Medical College, Henan University of Science and Technology Luoyang China
| | - Ling‐Jun Ma
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Medical College, Henan University of Science and Technology Luoyang China
| | - Shi‐Peng Li
- Department of General Surgery Jiaozuo People’s Hospital, Xinxiang Medical University Jiaozuo China
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