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Palma-Gudiel H, Yu L, Huo Z, Yang J, Wang Y, Gu T, Gao C, De Jager PL, Jin P, Bennett DA, Zhao J. Fine-mapping and replication of EWAS loci harboring putative epigenetic alterations associated with AD neuropathology in a large collection of human brain tissue samples. Alzheimers Dement 2023; 19:1216-1226. [PMID: 35959851 PMCID: PMC9922334 DOI: 10.1002/alz.12761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Our previous epigenome-wide association study (EWAS) of Alzheimer's disease (AD) in human brain identified 71 CpGs associated with AD pathology. However, due to low coverage of the Illumina platform, many important CpGs might have been missed. METHODS In a large collection of human brain tissue samples (N = 864), we fine-mapped previous EWAS loci by targeted bisulfite sequencing and examined their associations with AD neuropathology. DNA methylation was also linked to gene expression of the same brain cortex. RESULTS Our targeted sequencing captured 130 CpGs (∼1.2 kb), 93 of which are novel. Of the 130 CpGs, 57 sites (only 17 included in previous EWAS) and 12 gene regions (e.g., ANK1, BIN1, RHBDF2, SPG7, PODXL) were significantly associated with amyloid load. DNA methylation in some regions was associated with expression of nearby genes. DISCUSSION Targeted methylation sequencing can validate previous EWAS loci and discover novel CpGs associated with AD pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Palma-Gudiel
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Lei Yu
- Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center & Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Zhiguang Huo
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Jingyun Yang
- Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center & Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Yanling Wang
- Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center & Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Tongjun Gu
- Bioinformatics, Interdisciplinary Center for Biotechnology Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Cheng Gao
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Philip L. De Jager
- Center for Translational & Computational Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology and the Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, USA
| | - Peng Jin
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - David A. Bennett
- Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center & Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Jinying Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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Olson IR, Hoffman LJ, Jobson KR, Popal HS, Wang Y. Little brain, little minds: The big role of the cerebellum in social development. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2023; 60:101238. [PMID: 37004475 PMCID: PMC10067769 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2023.101238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Seminal work in the 1990's found alterations in the cerebellum of individuals with social disorders including autism spectrum disorder and schizophrenia. In neurotypical populations, distinct portions of the posterior cerebellum are consistently activated in fMRI studies of social cognition and it has been hypothesized that the cerebellum plays an essential role in social cognition, particularly in theory of mind. Here we review the lesion literature and find that the effect of cerebellar damage on social cognition is strongly linked to the age of insult, with dramatic impairments observed after prenatal insult, strong deficits observed after childhood damage, and mild and inconsistent deficits observed following damage to the adult cerebellum. To explain the developmental gradient, we propose that early in life, the forward model dominates cerebellar computations. The forward model learns and uses errors to help build schemas of our interpersonal worlds. Subsequently, we argue that once these schemas have been built up, the inverse model, which is the foundation of automatic processing, becomes dominant. We provide suggestions for how to test this, and also outline directions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid R Olson
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Temple University, Philadephia PA, USA.
| | - Linda J Hoffman
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Temple University, Philadephia PA, USA
| | - Katie R Jobson
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Temple University, Philadephia PA, USA
| | - Haroon S Popal
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Temple University, Philadephia PA, USA
| | - Yin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, and IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
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3
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Modulating mental state recognition by anodal tDCS over the cerebellum. Sci Rep 2022; 12:22616. [PMID: 36585436 PMCID: PMC9803656 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-26914-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence from neuroimaging and clinical studies has demonstrated cerebellar involvement in social cognition components, including the mentalizing process. The aim of this study was to apply transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) to modulate cerebellar excitability to investigate the role the cerebellum plays in mental state recognition. Forty-eight healthy subjects were randomly assigned to different groups in which anodal, cathodal, or sham tDCS (2 mA for 20 min) was delivered centering the electrode on the vermis to stimulate the posterior portion of the cerebellum. The ability to attribute mental states to others was tested before and after tDCS using a digital version of the 'Reading the Mind in the Eyes test', which includes visual perceptive and motor stimuli as control conditions. Correct response and reaction times (RTs) were recorded. The results revealed a significant reduction in RTs between the baseline and post-stimulation sessions after cerebellar anodal tDCS only for mental state stimuli (Wilcoxon test p = 0.00055), whereas no significant effect was found in the cathodal or sham conditions or for visual perceptive and motor stimuli. Overall, our study suggests that cerebellar anodal tDCS might selectively improve mental state recognition and constitute an effective strategy to positively modulate the mentalizing process.
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Olivito G, Quaranta D, Siciliano L, Caraglia N, Caprara A, Marra C, Leggio M, Silveri MC. The Cerebellum Is a Key Structure in the Neural Network for Mentalizing: An MRI Study in the Behavioral Variant of Frontotemporal Dementia. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10112901. [PMID: 36428469 PMCID: PMC9687564 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10112901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The behavioural variant of frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD) is primarily characterized by deficits in social behaviour and theory of mind (ToM). Although a consensus has been reached on the roles of the cerebellum in social cognition and ToM, its specific contribution to social impairments of bvFTD has never been specifically investigated. The aim of this study was to assess cerebellar structural and functional changes in patients with bvFTD and their potential association with ToM deficits of patients. Therefore, 15 patients with bvFTD and 34 healthy subjects underwent an MRI examination. Voxel-based morphometry was used to assess cerebellar (GM) changes, and a seed-based analysis was performed to test cerebello-cerebral functional connectivity (FC). The performance of bvFTD patients in a ToM task was then correlated with FC patterns. Compared to healthy subjects, patients with bvFTD showed significant cerebellar GM loss specifically involving cerebellar Crus I-II. Additionally, FC changes FC were observed between the cerebellum and cerebral regions related to ToM. Interestingly, patterns of changes in cerebello-cerebral FC correlated with altered ToM performances explored using the "Reading the Mind with the Eyes" test (RMET) of patients. The present findings suggest that specific changes in cerebello-cerebral FC may underlie ToM alterations in patients with bvFTD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giusy Olivito
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Roma, Italy
- Ataxia Research Laboratory, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, 00179 Rome, Italy
| | - Davide Quaranta
- Neurology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Department of Neuroscience, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 20123 Milan, Italy
| | - Libera Siciliano
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Roma, Italy
- Ataxia Research Laboratory, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, 00179 Rome, Italy
| | - Naike Caraglia
- Neurology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessia Caprara
- Neurology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Camillo Marra
- Neurology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Department of Neuroscience, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Leggio
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Roma, Italy
- Ataxia Research Laboratory, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, 00179 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Maria Caterina Silveri
- Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 20123 Milan, Italy
- Centre for the Medicine of Aging, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
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5
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Siciliano L, Olivito G, Leggio M. The cerebellum gains weight: A systematic review of alterations in cerebellar volume and cerebro-cerebellar functional alterations in individuals with eating disorders. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2022; 141:104863. [PMID: 36089105 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brain imaging studies on eating disorders (EDs) often reported volumetric and functional changes involving the cerebellum. Nevertheless, few studies performed in-depth examinations and suggested a cerebellar role in the EDs' pathophysiology. METHODS A systematic literature search on volumetric changes and functional alterations involving the cerebellum in individuals with EDs was conducted using PubMed, PsychInfo and Web of Science. This review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews (PRISMA) statement and Rayyan web application for screening studies. RESULTS Twenty-four papers reporting cerebellar alterations in individuals with EDs were included in the study: 9 assessing brain volumetric changes, 9 investigating task-based functional brain activation and 6 investigating brain functional connectivity at rest. Most studies focused on anorectic-type EDs (n.22), while fewer involved bulimic-type EDs (n.9) and eating disorders not otherwise specified (n.2), revealing subtypes-specific patterns of altered cerebellar volume and functionality. CONCLUSIONS This review proposes critical arguments to consider the cerebellum as a key structure in the pathophysiology of EDs that requires further forthcoming exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Libera Siciliano
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Via dei Marsi 78, 00185 Rome, Italy; Ataxia Laboratory, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Via Ardeatina 306-354, 00179 Rome, Italy.
| | - Giusy Olivito
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Via dei Marsi 78, 00185 Rome, Italy; Ataxia Laboratory, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Via Ardeatina 306-354, 00179 Rome, Italy.
| | - Maria Leggio
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Via dei Marsi 78, 00185 Rome, Italy; Ataxia Laboratory, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Via Ardeatina 306-354, 00179 Rome, Italy.
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Wang S, Wang Y, Wu Y, Zhang J, Zhang W, Li C, Song X. A novel compound heterozygous SPG7 variant is associated with progressive spastic ataxia and persecutory delusions found in Chinese patients: two case reports. BMC Neurol 2022; 22:200. [PMID: 35637455 PMCID: PMC9150360 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-022-02706-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hereditary spastic paraplegia 7 (SPG7) is one of the subtypes of autosomal-recessive hereditary spastic paraplegia, which is a clinically heterogeneous neurodegenerative disorder. SPG7 often displays a complicated phenotype, including optic atrophy, ophthalmoparesis, and impaired emotional communication. In the Chinese population, sporadic cases of SPG7 variant-associated spastic ataxia are rarely reported. CASE PRESENTATION We carefully analysed the clinical features, imaging and genetic tests of two sporadic patients with SPG7, both from the Hebei region of China. One patient presented with progressive bilateral lower limb weakness, spastic-ataxia and no cognitive impairment. Brain MRI revealed mild cerebellar atrophy. Genetic analysis revealed c.1150_1151insCTAC (p.G384Afs*13) frameshift variant and exon1-3 heterozygous deletion. The other patient presented with progressive bilateral lower limb weakness, ataxia, dysarthria and a mild psychosis associated with persecutory delusions, which drew almost no attention, in addition to mild cognitive impairments characterized by a decrease in verbal memory and executive function. Genetic analysis identified two heterozygous variants in the SPG7 gene: c.1150_1151insCTAC (p.G384Afs*13) and c.1496delC (p.Q500Sfs*13). CONCLUSIONS The c.1496delC (p.Q500Sfs*13) variant in exon 11 has not been reported before. The c.1150_1151insCTAC variant is speculated to be a hotspot variant in the Chinese population. Patients with SPG7 may have cognitive impairments and psychosis, displaying specific characteristics, which should be of concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, China
| | - Yaye Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, China.,Neurological Laboratory of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Wu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, China.,Neurological Laboratory of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinru Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, China.,Neurological Laboratory of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050000, People's Republic of China
| | - Weilin Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, China
| | - Chang Li
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, China
| | - Xueqin Song
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, China. .,Neurological Laboratory of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050000, People's Republic of China.
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7
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Baviera-Muñoz R, Campins-Romeu M, Carretero-Vilarroig L, Sastre-Bataller I, Martínez-Torres I, Vázquez-Costa JF, Muelas N, Sevilla T, Vílchez JJ, Aller E, Jaijo T, Bataller L, Espinós C. Clinical and genetic characteristics of 21 Spanish patients with biallelic pathogenic SPG7 mutations. J Neurol Sci 2021; 429:118062. [PMID: 34500365 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2021.118062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Spastic paraplegia type 7 (SPG7) is one of the most common hereditary spastic paraplegias. SPG7 mutations most often lead to spastic paraparesis (HSP) and/or hereditary cerebellar ataxia (HCA), frequently with mixed phenotypes. We sought to clinically and genetically characterize a Spanish cohort of SPG7 patients. Patients were recruited from our HCA and HSP cohorts. We identified twenty-one patients with biallelic pathogenic SPG7 mutations. Mean age at onset was 37.4 years (SD ± 14.3). The most frequent phenotype was spastic ataxia (57%), followed by pure spastic paraplegia (19%) and complex phenotypes (19%). Isolated patients presented with focal or multifocal dystonia, subclinical myopathy or ophthalmoplegia. p.Ala510Val was the most frequent pathogenic variant encountered. Compound heterozygous for p.Ala510Val displayed younger onset (p < 0.05) and more complex phenotypes (p < 0.05) than p.Ala510Val homozygotes. Two novel variants were found: p.Lys559Argfs*33 and p.Ala312Glu. In conclusion, spastic ataxia is the most common phenotype found in Spanish patients. Nonetheless, SPG7 analysis should also be considered in patients with less frequent clinical findings such as dystonia or ophthalmoplegia especially when these symptoms are associated with mild spastic ataxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Baviera-Muñoz
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari I Politècnic La Fe, Valencia, Spain; Neuromuscular and Ataxias Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Valencia, Spain; Rare Diseases Joint Unit, CIPF-IIS La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Marina Campins-Romeu
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari I Politècnic La Fe, Valencia, Spain; Rare Diseases Joint Unit, CIPF-IIS La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Lidón Carretero-Vilarroig
- Neuromuscular and Ataxias Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Valencia, Spain; Rare Diseases Joint Unit, CIPF-IIS La Fe, Valencia, Spain; Cell Biology Department, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Isabel Sastre-Bataller
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari I Politècnic La Fe, Valencia, Spain; Rare Diseases Joint Unit, CIPF-IIS La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Irene Martínez-Torres
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari I Politècnic La Fe, Valencia, Spain; Rare Diseases Joint Unit, CIPF-IIS La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Juan F Vázquez-Costa
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari I Politècnic La Fe, Valencia, Spain; Neuromuscular and Ataxias Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Valencia, Spain; Rare Diseases Joint Unit, CIPF-IIS La Fe, Valencia, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Spain
| | - Nuria Muelas
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari I Politècnic La Fe, Valencia, Spain; Neuromuscular and Ataxias Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Valencia, Spain; Rare Diseases Joint Unit, CIPF-IIS La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Teresa Sevilla
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari I Politècnic La Fe, Valencia, Spain; Neuromuscular and Ataxias Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Valencia, Spain; Rare Diseases Joint Unit, CIPF-IIS La Fe, Valencia, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Spain; Department of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Juan J Vílchez
- Neuromuscular and Ataxias Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Valencia, Spain; Rare Diseases Joint Unit, CIPF-IIS La Fe, Valencia, Spain; Department of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Elena Aller
- Rare Diseases Joint Unit, CIPF-IIS La Fe, Valencia, Spain; Department of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain; Department of Genetics, Hospital Universitari I Politècnic La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Teresa Jaijo
- Rare Diseases Joint Unit, CIPF-IIS La Fe, Valencia, Spain; Department of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain; Department of Genetics, Hospital Universitari I Politècnic La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Luis Bataller
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari I Politècnic La Fe, Valencia, Spain; Neuromuscular and Ataxias Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Valencia, Spain; Rare Diseases Joint Unit, CIPF-IIS La Fe, Valencia, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Spain; Department of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Carmen Espinós
- Rare Diseases Joint Unit, CIPF-IIS La Fe, Valencia, Spain; Department of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain; Laboratory of Rare Neurodegenerative Diseases, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe (CIPF), Valencia, Spain
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Soares IFZ, Ciarlariello VB, Feder D, Carvalho AADS. Cognitive dysfunction and psychosis: expanding the phenotype of SPG7. Neurocase 2021; 27:253-258. [PMID: 34003721 DOI: 10.1080/13554794.2021.1927114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Spastic paraplegia type 7 (SPG7) is one of the most common forms of autosomal recessive hereditary spastic paraplegia, which can lead to a hybrid spastic-ataxic phenotype. Recently, novel complicated forms of SPG7, including cognitive and social impairment phenotypes, have been reported. We present a SPG7 case with two pathogenic variants in compound heterozygosity in the SPG7 gene, featuring a cerebellar cognitive affective syndrome with psychosis not yet described in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - David Feder
- Department of Neurosciences, Centro Universitário FMABC, Santo Andre, São Paulo, Brazil
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9
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Lupo M, Olivito G, Gragnani A, Saettoni M, Siciliano L, Pancheri C, Panfili M, Bozzali M, Delle Chiaie R, Leggio M. Comparison of Cerebellar Grey Matter Alterations in Bipolar and Cerebellar Patients: Evidence from Voxel-Based Analysis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073511. [PMID: 33805296 PMCID: PMC8036397 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare the patterns of cerebellar alterations associated with bipolar disease with those induced by the presence of cerebellar neurodegenerative pathologies to clarify the potential cerebellar contribution to bipolar affective disturbance. Twenty-nine patients affected by bipolar disorder, 32 subjects affected by cerebellar neurodegenerative pathologies, and 37 age-matched healthy subjects underwent a 3T MRI protocol. A voxel-based morphometry analysis was used to show similarities and differences in cerebellar grey matter (GM) loss between the groups. We found a pattern of GM cerebellar alterations in both bipolar and cerebellar groups that involved the anterior and posterior cerebellar regions (p = 0.05). The direct comparison between bipolar and cerebellar patients demonstrated a significant difference in GM loss in cerebellar neurodegenerative patients in the bilateral anterior and posterior motor cerebellar regions, such as lobules I-IV, V, VI, VIIIa, VIIIb, IX, VIIb and vermis VI, while a pattern of overlapping GM loss was evident in right lobule V, right crus I and bilateral crus II. Our findings showed, for the first time, common and different alteration patterns of specific cerebellar lobules in bipolar and neurodegenerative cerebellar patients, which allowed us to hypothesize a cerebellar role in the cognitive and mood dysregulation symptoms that characterize bipolar disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Lupo
- Ataxia Laboratory, Fondazione Santa Lucia IRCCS, 00179 Rome, Italy; (G.O.); (M.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-065-150-1115
| | - Giusy Olivito
- Ataxia Laboratory, Fondazione Santa Lucia IRCCS, 00179 Rome, Italy; (G.O.); (M.L.)
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Gragnani
- Scuola di Psicoterapia Cognitiva SPC, 58100 Grosseto, Italy; (A.G.); (M.S.)
- Associazione Psicologia Cognitiva (APC)/Scuola di Psicoterapia Cognitiva (SPC), 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Saettoni
- Scuola di Psicoterapia Cognitiva SPC, 58100 Grosseto, Italy; (A.G.); (M.S.)
- Unità Funzionale Salute Mentale Adulti ASL Toscana Nord-Ovest Valle del Serchio, 56121 Pisa, Italy
| | - Libera Siciliano
- PhD Program in Behavioral Neuroscience, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Corinna Pancheri
- Departement of Neuroscience and Mental Health–Policlinico Umberto I Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (C.P.); (M.P.); (R.D.C.)
| | - Matteo Panfili
- Departement of Neuroscience and Mental Health–Policlinico Umberto I Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (C.P.); (M.P.); (R.D.C.)
| | - Marco Bozzali
- Clinical Imaging Science Center, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton BN1 9RR, UK;
| | - Roberto Delle Chiaie
- Departement of Neuroscience and Mental Health–Policlinico Umberto I Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (C.P.); (M.P.); (R.D.C.)
| | - Maria Leggio
- Ataxia Laboratory, Fondazione Santa Lucia IRCCS, 00179 Rome, Italy; (G.O.); (M.L.)
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
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10
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Lallemant-Dudek P, Darios F, Durr A. Recent advances in understanding hereditary spastic paraplegias and emerging therapies. Fac Rev 2021; 10:27. [PMID: 33817696 PMCID: PMC8009193 DOI: 10.12703/r/10-27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Hereditary spastic paraplegias (HSPs) are a group of rare, inherited, neurological diseases characterized by broad clinical and genetic heterogeneity. Lower-limb spasticity with first motoneuron involvement is the core symptom of all HSPs. As spasticity is a syndrome and not a disease, it develops on top of other neurological signs (ataxia, dystonia, and parkinsonism). Indeed, the definition of genes responsible for HSPs goes beyond the 79 identified SPG genes. In order to avoid making a catalog of the different genes involved in HSP in any way, we have chosen to focus on the HSP with cerebellar ataxias since this is a frequent association described for several genes. This overlap leads to an intermediary group of spastic ataxias which is actively genetically and clinically studied. The most striking example is SPG7, which is responsible for HSP or cerebellar ataxia or both. There are no specific therapies against HSPs, and there is a dearth of randomized trials in patients with HSP, especially on spasticity when it likely results from other mechanisms. Thus far, no gene-specific therapy has been developed for HSP, but emerging therapies in animal models and neurons derived from induced pluripotent stem cells are potential treatments for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Lallemant-Dudek
- Paris Brain Institute (ICM), Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Frederic Darios
- Paris Brain Institute (ICM), Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Alexandra Durr
- Paris Brain Institute (ICM), Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Genetic Department, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Paris, France
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Servelhere KR, Rezende TJR, de Lima FD, de Brito MR, de França Nunes RF, Casseb RF, Pedroso JL, Barsottini OGP, Cendes F, França MC. Brain Damage and Gene Expression Across Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia Subtypes. Mov Disord 2021; 36:1644-1653. [PMID: 33576112 DOI: 10.1002/mds.28519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spinal cord has been considered the main target of damage in hereditary spastic paraplegias (HSPs), but mounting evidence indicates that the brain is also affected. Despite this, little is known about the brain signature of HSPs, in particular regarding stratification for specific genetic subtypes. OBJECTIVE We aimed to characterize cerebral and cerebellar damage in five HSP subtypes (9 SPG3A, 27 SPG4, 10 SPG7, 9 SPG8, and 29 SPG11) and to uncover the clinical and gene expression correlates. METHODS We obtained high-resolution brain T1 and diffusion tensor image (DTI) datasets in this cross-sectional case-control study (n = 84). The MRICloud, FreeSurfer, and CERES-SUIT pipelines were employed to assess cerebral gray (GM) and white matter (WM) as well as the cerebellum. RESULTS Brain abnormalities were found in all but one HSP group (SPG3A), but the patterns were gene-specific: basal ganglia, thalamic, and posterior WM involvement in SPG4; diffuse WM and cerebellar involvement in SPG7; cortical thinning at the motor cortices and pallidal atrophy in SPG8; and widespread GM, WM, and deep cerebellar nuclei damage in SPG11. Abnormal regions in SPG4 and SPG8 matched those with higher SPAST and WASHC5 expression, whereas in SPG7 and SPG11 this concordance was only noticed in the cerebellum. CONCLUSIONS Brain damage is a conspicuous feature of HSPs (even for pure subtypes), but the pattern of abnormalities is genotype-specific. Correlation between brain structural damage and gene expression maps is different for autosomal dominant and recessive HSPs, pointing to distinct pathophysiological mechanisms underlying brain damage in these subgroups of the disease. © 2021 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katiane R Servelhere
- Department of Neurology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | | | - Fabrício Diniz de Lima
- Department of Neurology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Mariana Rabelo de Brito
- Department of Neurology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | | | - Raphael F Casseb
- Seaman Family MR Research Center, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - José Luiz Pedroso
- Department of Neurology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Fernando Cendes
- Department of Neurology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Marcondes C França
- Department of Neurology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
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