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Jonson C, Levine KS, Lake J, Hertslet L, Jones L, Patel D, Kim J, Bandres‐Ciga S, Terry N, Mata IF, Blauwendraat C, Singleton AB, Nalls MA, Yokoyama JS, Leonard HL. Assessing the lack of diversity in genetics research across neurodegenerative diseases: A systematic review of the GWAS Catalog and literature. Alzheimers Dement 2024; 20:5740-5756. [PMID: 39030740 PMCID: PMC11350004 DOI: 10.1002/alz.13873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/22/2024]
Abstract
The under-representation of non-European cohorts in neurodegenerative disease genome-wide association studies (GWAS) hampers precision medicine efforts. Despite the inherent genetic and phenotypic diversity in these diseases, GWAS research consistently exhibits a disproportionate emphasis on participants of European ancestry. This study reviews GWAS up to 2022, focusing on non-European or multi-ancestry neurodegeneration studies. We conducted a systematic review of GWAS results and publications up to 2022, focusing on non-European or multi-ancestry neurodegeneration studies. Rigorous article inclusion and quality assessment methods were employed. Of 123 neurodegenerative disease (NDD) GWAS reviewed, 82% predominantly featured European ancestry participants. A single European study identified over 90 risk loci, compared to a total of 50 novel loci in identified in all non-European or multi-ancestry studies. Notably, only six of the loci have been replicated. The significant under-representation of non-European ancestries in NDD GWAS hinders comprehensive genetic understanding. Prioritizing genomic diversity in future research is crucial for advancing NDD therapies and understanding. HIGHLIGHTS: Eighty-two percent of neurodegenerative genome-wide association studies (GWAS) focus on Europeans. Only 6 of 50 novel neurodegenerative disease (NDD) genetic loci have been replicated. Lack of diversity significantly hampers understanding of NDDs. Increasing diversity in NDD genetic research is urgently required. New initiatives are aiming to enhance diversity in NDD research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Jonson
- Center for Alzheimer's and Related DementiasNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMarylandUSA
- DataTecnica LLCWashingtonDistrict of ColumbiaUSA
- Pharmaceutical Sciences and Pharmacogenomics Graduate ProgramUniversity of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
- Memory and Aging CenterDepartment of NeurologyWeill Institute for NeurosciencesUniversity of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Kristin S. Levine
- Center for Alzheimer's and Related DementiasNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMarylandUSA
- DataTecnica LLCWashingtonDistrict of ColumbiaUSA
| | - Julie Lake
- Center for Alzheimer's and Related DementiasNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMarylandUSA
- Laboratory of NeurogeneticsNational Institutes on AgingNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMarylandUSA
| | - Linnea Hertslet
- Center for Alzheimer's and Related DementiasNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMarylandUSA
| | - Lietsel Jones
- Center for Alzheimer's and Related DementiasNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMarylandUSA
- DataTecnica LLCWashingtonDistrict of ColumbiaUSA
| | - Dhairya Patel
- Integrative Neurogenomics UnitLaboratory of NeurogeneticsNational Institute on AgingNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMarylandUSA
| | - Jeff Kim
- Center for Alzheimer's and Related DementiasNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMarylandUSA
- Laboratory of NeurogeneticsNational Institutes on AgingNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMarylandUSA
| | - Sara Bandres‐Ciga
- Center for Alzheimer's and Related DementiasNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMarylandUSA
| | - Nancy Terry
- Division of Library ServicesOffice of Research ServicesNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMarylandUSA
| | - Ignacio F. Mata
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Lerner Research Institute, Genomic MedicineCleveland Clinic FoundationClevelandOhioUSA
| | - Cornelis Blauwendraat
- Center for Alzheimer's and Related DementiasNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMarylandUSA
- Integrative Neurogenomics UnitLaboratory of NeurogeneticsNational Institute on AgingNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMarylandUSA
| | - Andrew B. Singleton
- Center for Alzheimer's and Related DementiasNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMarylandUSA
- Laboratory of NeurogeneticsNational Institutes on AgingNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMarylandUSA
| | - Mike A. Nalls
- Center for Alzheimer's and Related DementiasNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMarylandUSA
- DataTecnica LLCWashingtonDistrict of ColumbiaUSA
- Laboratory of NeurogeneticsNational Institutes on AgingNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMarylandUSA
| | - Jennifer S. Yokoyama
- Pharmaceutical Sciences and Pharmacogenomics Graduate ProgramUniversity of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
- Memory and Aging CenterDepartment of NeurologyWeill Institute for NeurosciencesUniversity of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical ImagingUniversity of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Hampton L. Leonard
- Center for Alzheimer's and Related DementiasNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMarylandUSA
- DataTecnica LLCWashingtonDistrict of ColumbiaUSA
- Laboratory of NeurogeneticsNational Institutes on AgingNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMarylandUSA
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE)TübingenGermany
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2
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Badawy MT, Salama AA, Salama M. Novel Variants Linked to the Prodromal Stage of Parkinson's Disease (PD) Patients. Diagnostics (Basel) 2024; 14:929. [PMID: 38732343 PMCID: PMC11083733 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics14090929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE The symptoms of most neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson's disease (PD), usually do not occur until substantial neuronal loss occurs. This makes the process of early diagnosis very challenging. Hence, this research used variant call format (VCF) analysis to detect variants and novel genes that could be used as prognostic indicators in the early diagnosis of prodromal PD. MATERIALS AND METHODS Data were obtained from the Parkinson's Progression Markers Initiative (PPMI), and we analyzed prodromal patients with gVCF data collected in the 2021 cohort. A total of 304 participants were included, including 100 healthy controls, 146 prodromal genetic individuals, 21 prodromal hyposmia individuals, and 37 prodromal individuals with RBD. A pipeline was developed to process the samples from gVCF to reach variant annotation and pathway and disease association analysis. RESULTS Novel variant percentages were detected in the analyzed prodromal subgroups. The prodromal subgroup analysis revealed novel variations of 1.0%, 1.2%, 0.6%, 0.3%, 0.5%, and 0.4% for the genetic male, genetic female, hyposmia male, hyposmia female, RBD male, and RBD female groups, respectively. Interestingly, 12 potentially novel loci (MTF2, PIK3CA, ADD1, SYBU, IRS2, USP8, PIGL, FASN, MYLK2, USP25, EP300, and PPP6R2) that were recently detected in PD patients were detected in the prodromal stage of PD. CONCLUSIONS Genetic biomarkers are crucial for the early detection of Parkinson's disease and its prodromal stage. The novel PD genes detected in prodromal patients could aid in the use of gene biomarkers for early diagnosis of the prodromal stage without relying only on phenotypic traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa T. Badawy
- Biology Department, School of Sciences and Engineering, The American University in Cairo, New Cairo 11835, Egypt;
| | - Aya A. Salama
- Applied Science, Windows and Web Experience, Microsoft, Cairo 11561, Egypt;
| | - Mohamed Salama
- Institute of Global Health and Human Ecology (IGHHE), The American University in Cairo, New Cairo 11835, Egypt
- Toxicology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
- Global Brain Health Institute, Trinity College Dublin, D02 X9W9 Dublin, Ireland
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3
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Kishore A, Sturm M, Soman Pillai K, Hakkaart C, Kalikavil Puthanveedu D, Urulangodi M, Krishnan S, Ashok Kumar Sreelatha A, Rajan R, Pal PK, Yadav R, Sarma G, Casadei N, Gasser T, Bauer P, Riess O, Sharma M. Resequencing the complete SNCA locus in Indian patients with Parkinson's disease. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 2024; 10:85. [PMID: 38622158 PMCID: PMC11018851 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-024-00676-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
The genetic loci implicated in familial Parkinson's disease (PD) have limited generalizability to the Indian PD population. We tested mutations and the frequency of known mutations in the SNCA gene in a PD cohort from India. We selected 298 PD cases and 301 age-matched controls for targeted resequencing (before QC), along with 363 PD genomes of Indian ancestry and 1029 publicly available whole genomes from India as healthy controls (IndiGenomes), to determine the frequency of monogenic SNCA mutations. The raw sequence reads were analyzed using an in-house analysis pipeline, allowing the detection of small variants and structural variants using Manta. The in-depth analysis of the SNCA locus did not identify missense or structural variants, including previously identified SNCA mutations, in the Indian population. The familial forms of SNCA gene variants do not play a major role in the Indian PD population and this warrants further research in the under-represented population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asha Kishore
- Comprehensive Care Centre for Movement Disorders, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Kochi, Kerala, India
- Parkinson and Movement Disorder Centre, Centre for Excellence in Neurosciences, Aster Medcity, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - Marc Sturm
- Institute for Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Kanchana Soman Pillai
- Parkinson and Movement Disorder Centre, Centre for Excellence in Neurosciences, Aster Medcity, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - Christopher Hakkaart
- Institute for Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Divya Kalikavil Puthanveedu
- Comprehensive Care Centre for Movement Disorders, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - Madhusoodanan Urulangodi
- Comprehensive Care Centre for Movement Disorders, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - Syam Krishnan
- Comprehensive Care Centre for Movement Disorders, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - Ashwin Ashok Kumar Sreelatha
- Centre for Genetic Epidemiology, Institute for Clinical Epidemiology and Applied Biometry, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Roopa Rajan
- Department of Neurology, All India Institute for Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Pramod Kumar Pal
- Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Ravi Yadav
- Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Gangadhara Sarma
- Comprehensive Care Centre for Movement Disorders, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - Nicolas Casadei
- Institute for Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Thomas Gasser
- Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Peter Bauer
- Institute for Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Centogene GmbH, Rostock, Germany
- University Medicine Rostock, Internal Medicine III, Hematology, Rostock, Germany
| | - Olaf Riess
- Institute for Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Manu Sharma
- Centre for Genetic Epidemiology, Institute for Clinical Epidemiology and Applied Biometry, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
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4
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Andrews SV, Kukkle PL, Menon R, Geetha TS, Goyal V, Kandadai RM, Kumar H, Borgohain R, Mukherjee A, Wadia PM, Yadav R, Desai S, Kumar N, Joshi D, Murugan S, Biswas A, Pal PK, Oliver M, Nair S, Kayalvizhi A, Samson PL, Deshmukh M, Bassi A, Sandeep C, Mandloi N, Davis OB, Roberts MA, Leto DE, Henry AG, Di Paolo G, Muthane U, Das SK, Peterson AS, Sandmann T, Gupta R, Ramprasad VL. The Genetic Drivers of Juvenile, Young, and Early-Onset Parkinson's Disease in India. Mov Disord 2024; 39:339-349. [PMID: 38014556 DOI: 10.1002/mds.29676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies have advanced our understanding of the genetic drivers of Parkinson's disease (PD). Rare variants in more than 20 genes are considered causal for PD, and the latest PD genome-wide association study (GWAS) identified 90 independent risk loci. However, there remains a gap in our understanding of PD genetics outside of the European populations in which the vast majority of these studies were focused. OBJECTIVE The aim was to identify genetic risk factors for PD in a South Asian population. METHODS A total of 674 PD subjects predominantly with age of onset (AoO) ≤50 years (encompassing juvenile, young, or early-onset PD) were recruited from 10 specialty movement disorder centers across India over a 2-year period; 1376 control subjects were selected from the reference population GenomeAsia, Phase 2. We performed various case-only and case-control genetic analyses for PD diagnosis and AoO. RESULTS A genome-wide significant signal for PD diagnosis was identified in the SNCA region, strongly colocalizing with SNCA region signal from European PD GWAS. PD cases with pathogenic mutations in PD genes exhibited, on average, lower PD polygenic risk scores than PD cases lacking any PD gene mutations. Gene burden studies of rare, predicted deleterious variants identified BSN, encoding the presynaptic protein Bassoon that has been previously associated with neurodegenerative disease. CONCLUSIONS This study constitutes the largest genetic investigation of PD in a South Asian population to date. Future work should seek to expand sample numbers in this population to enable improved statistical power to detect PD genes in this understudied group. © 2023 Denali Therapeutics and The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan V Andrews
- Denali Therapeutics, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Prashanth L Kukkle
- Manipal Hospital, Bangalore, India
- Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders Clinic, Bangalore, India
| | | | | | - Vinay Goyal
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
- Medanta Hospital, New Delhi, India
- Medanta, The Medicity, Gurgaon, India
| | - Rukmini Mridula Kandadai
- Nizams Institute of Medical Sciences (NIMS), Hyderabad, India
- Citi Neuro Centre, Hyderabad, India
| | | | - Rupam Borgohain
- Nizams Institute of Medical Sciences (NIMS), Hyderabad, India
- Citi Neuro Centre, Hyderabad, India
| | - Adreesh Mukherjee
- Bangur Institute of Neurosciences and Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research (IPGME&R), Kolkata, India
| | | | - Ravi Yadav
- National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, India
| | - Soaham Desai
- Department of Neurology, Shree Krishna Hospital and Pramukhaswami Medical College, Bhaikaka University, Anand, India
| | - Niraj Kumar
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, India
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bibinagar (Hyderabad Metropolitan Region), Bibinagar, India
| | - Deepika Joshi
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | | | - Atanu Biswas
- Bangur Institute of Neurosciences and Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research (IPGME&R), Kolkata, India
| | - Pramod K Pal
- National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, India
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Oliver B Davis
- Denali Therapeutics, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | | | - Dara E Leto
- Denali Therapeutics, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | | | | | - Uday Muthane
- Parkinson and Ageing Research Foundation, Bangalore, India
| | - Shymal K Das
- Bangur Institute of Neurosciences and Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research (IPGME&R), Kolkata, India
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5
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Jonson C, Levine KS, Lake J, Hertslet L, Jones L, Patel D, Kim J, Bandres-Ciga S, Terry N, Mata IF, Blauwendraat C, Singleton AB, Nalls MA, Yokoyama JS, Leonard HL. Assessing the lack of diversity in genetics research across neurodegenerative diseases: a systematic review of the GWAS Catalog and literature. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2024:2024.01.08.24301007. [PMID: 38260595 PMCID: PMC10802650 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.08.24301007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Importance The under-representation of participants with non-European ancestry in genome-wide association studies (GWAS) is a critical issue that has significant implications, including hindering the progress of precision medicine initiatives. This issue is particularly significant in the context of neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs), where current therapeutic approaches have shown limited success. Addressing this under-representation is crucial to harnessing the full potential of genomic medicine in underserved communities and improving outcomes for NDD patients. Objective Our primary objective was to assess the representation of non-European ancestry participants in genetic discovery efforts related to NDDs. We aimed to quantify the extent of inclusion of diverse ancestry groups in NDD studies and determine the number of associated loci identified in more inclusive studies. Specifically, we sought to highlight the disparities in research efforts and outcomes between studies predominantly involving European ancestry participants and those deliberately targeting non-European or multi-ancestry populations across NDDs. Evidence Review We conducted a systematic review utilizing existing GWAS results and publications to assess the inclusion of diverse ancestry groups in neurodegeneration and neurogenetics studies. Our search encompassed studies published up to the end of 2022, with a focus on identifying research that deliberately included non-European or multi-ancestry cohorts. We employed rigorous methods for the inclusion of identified articles and quality assessment. Findings Our review identified a total of 123 NDD GWAS. Strikingly, 82% of these studies predominantly featured participants of European ancestry. Endeavors specifically targeting non-European or multi-ancestry populations across NDDs identified only 52 risk loci. This contrasts with predominantly European studies, which reported over 90 risk loci for a single disease. Encouragingly, over 65% of these discoveries occurred in 2020 or later, indicating a recent increase in studies deliberately including non-European cohorts. Conclusions and relevance Our findings underscore the pressing need for increased diversity in neurodegenerative research. The significant under-representation of non-European ancestry participants in NDD GWAS limits our understanding of the genetic underpinnings of these diseases. To advance the field of neurodegenerative research and develop more effective therapies, it is imperative that future investigations prioritize and harness the genomic diversity present within and across global populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Jonson
- Center for Alzheimer’s and Related Dementias, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA 20892
- DataTecnica LLC, Washington, DC USA 20037
- Pharmaceutical Sciences and Pharmacogenomics, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Kristin S. Levine
- Center for Alzheimer’s and Related Dementias, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA 20892
- DataTecnica LLC, Washington, DC USA 20037
| | - Julie Lake
- Center for Alzheimer’s and Related Dementias, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA 20892
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institutes on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA 20892
| | - Linnea Hertslet
- Center for Alzheimer’s and Related Dementias, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA 20892
| | - Lietsel Jones
- Center for Alzheimer’s and Related Dementias, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA 20892
- DataTecnica LLC, Washington, DC USA 20037
| | - Dhairya Patel
- Integrative Neurogenomics Unit, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jeff Kim
- Center for Alzheimer’s and Related Dementias, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA 20892
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institutes on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA 20892
| | - Sara Bandres-Ciga
- Center for Alzheimer’s and Related Dementias, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA 20892
| | - Nancy Terry
- Division of Library Services, Office of Research Services, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, U.S.A
| | - Ignacio F. Mata
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Lerner Research Institute, Genomic Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Cornelis Blauwendraat
- Center for Alzheimer’s and Related Dementias, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA 20892
- Integrative Neurogenomics Unit, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Andrew B. Singleton
- Center for Alzheimer’s and Related Dementias, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA 20892
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institutes on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA 20892
| | - Mike A. Nalls
- Center for Alzheimer’s and Related Dementias, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA 20892
- DataTecnica LLC, Washington, DC USA 20037
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institutes on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA 20892
| | - Jennifer S. Yokoyama
- Pharmaceutical Sciences and Pharmacogenomics, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA USA
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Hampton L. Leonard
- Center for Alzheimer’s and Related Dementias, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA 20892
- DataTecnica LLC, Washington, DC USA 20037
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institutes on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA 20892
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany
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6
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Kim JJ, Vitale D, Otani DV, Lian MM, Heilbron K, Iwaki H, Lake J, Solsberg CW, Leonard H, Makarious MB, Tan EK, Singleton AB, Bandres-Ciga S, Noyce AJ, Blauwendraat C, Nalls MA, Foo JN, Mata I. Multi-ancestry genome-wide association meta-analysis of Parkinson's disease. Nat Genet 2024; 56:27-36. [PMID: 38155330 PMCID: PMC10786718 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-023-01584-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Although over 90 independent risk variants have been identified for Parkinson's disease using genome-wide association studies, most studies have been performed in just one population at a time. Here we performed a large-scale multi-ancestry meta-analysis of Parkinson's disease with 49,049 cases, 18,785 proxy cases and 2,458,063 controls including individuals of European, East Asian, Latin American and African ancestry. In a meta-analysis, we identified 78 independent genome-wide significant loci, including 12 potentially novel loci (MTF2, PIK3CA, ADD1, SYBU, IRS2, USP8, PIGL, FASN, MYLK2, USP25, EP300 and PPP6R2) and fine-mapped 6 putative causal variants at 6 known PD loci. By combining our results with publicly available eQTL data, we identified 25 putative risk genes in these novel loci whose expression is associated with PD risk. This work lays the groundwork for future efforts aimed at identifying PD loci in non-European populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonggeol Jeffrey Kim
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
- Preventive Neurology Unit, Centre for Prevention Diagnosis and Detection, Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
| | - Dan Vitale
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Data Tecnica International, Washington, DC, USA
- Center for Alzheimer's and Related Dementias (CARD), National Institute on Aging and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Diego Véliz Otani
- Neurogenetics Research Center, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Neurológicas, Lima, Peru
- Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Michelle Mulan Lian
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Hirotaka Iwaki
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Data Tecnica International, Washington, DC, USA
- Center for Alzheimer's and Related Dementias (CARD), National Institute on Aging and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Julie Lake
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Caroline Warly Solsberg
- Pharmaceutical Sciences and Pharmacogenomics, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Neurology and Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Memory and Aging Center, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Hampton Leonard
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Data Tecnica International, Washington, DC, USA
- Center for Alzheimer's and Related Dementias (CARD), National Institute on Aging and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mary B Makarious
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- UCL Movement Disorders Centre, University College London, London, UK
| | - Eng-King Tan
- Department of Neurology, National Neuroscience Institute, Duke NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Andrew B Singleton
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Center for Alzheimer's and Related Dementias (CARD), National Institute on Aging and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sara Bandres-Ciga
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Center for Alzheimer's and Related Dementias (CARD), National Institute on Aging and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Alastair J Noyce
- Preventive Neurology Unit, Centre for Prevention Diagnosis and Detection, Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Cornelis Blauwendraat
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
- Center for Alzheimer's and Related Dementias (CARD), National Institute on Aging and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Mike A Nalls
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
- Data Tecnica International, Washington, DC, USA.
- Center for Alzheimer's and Related Dementias (CARD), National Institute on Aging and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Jia Nee Foo
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Ignacio Mata
- Genomic Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA.
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7
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Koros C, Bougea A, Simitsi AM, Papagiannakis N, Angelopoulou E, Pachi I, Antonelou R, Bozi M, Stamelou M, Stefanis L. The Landscape of Monogenic Parkinson's Disease in Populations of Non-European Ancestry: A Narrative Review. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:2097. [PMID: 38003040 PMCID: PMC10671808 DOI: 10.3390/genes14112097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There has been a bias in the existing literature on Parkinson's disease (PD) genetics as most studies involved patients of European ancestry, mostly in Europe and North America. Our target was to review published research data on the genetic profile of PD patients of non-European or mixed ancestry. METHODS We reviewed articles published during the 2000-2023 period, focusing on the genetic status of PD patients of non-European origin (Indian, East and Central Asian, Latin American, sub-Saharan African and Pacific islands). RESULTS There were substantial differences regarding monogenic PD forms between patients of European and non-European ancestry. The G2019S Leucine Rich Repeat Kinase 2 (LRRK2) mutation was rather scarce in non-European populations. In contrast, East Asian patients carried different mutations like p.I2020T, which is common in Japan. Parkin (PRKN) variants had a global distribution, being common in early-onset PD in Indians, in East Asians, and in early-onset Mexicans. Furthermore, they were occasionally present in Black African PD patients. PTEN-induced kinase 1 (PINK1) and PD protein 7 (DJ-1) variants were described in Indian, East Asian and Pacific Islands populations. Glucocerebrosidase gene variants (GBA1), which represent an important predisposing factor for PD, were found in East and Southeast Asian and Indian populations. Different GBA1 variants have been reported in Black African populations and Latin Americans. CONCLUSIONS Existing data reveal a pronounced heterogeneity in the genetic background of PD. A number of common variants in populations of European ancestry appeared to be absent or scarce in patients of diverse ethnic backgrounds. Large-scale studies that include genetic screening in African, Asian or Latin American populations are underway. The outcomes of such efforts will facilitate further clinical studies and will possibly contribute to the identification of either new pathogenic mutations in already described genes or novel PD-related genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christos Koros
- 1st Department of Neurology, Eginition Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece; (C.K.); (A.M.S.); (N.P.); (E.A.); (I.P.); (R.A.); (L.S.)
| | - Anastasia Bougea
- 1st Department of Neurology, Eginition Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece; (C.K.); (A.M.S.); (N.P.); (E.A.); (I.P.); (R.A.); (L.S.)
| | - Athina Maria Simitsi
- 1st Department of Neurology, Eginition Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece; (C.K.); (A.M.S.); (N.P.); (E.A.); (I.P.); (R.A.); (L.S.)
| | - Nikolaos Papagiannakis
- 1st Department of Neurology, Eginition Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece; (C.K.); (A.M.S.); (N.P.); (E.A.); (I.P.); (R.A.); (L.S.)
| | - Efthalia Angelopoulou
- 1st Department of Neurology, Eginition Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece; (C.K.); (A.M.S.); (N.P.); (E.A.); (I.P.); (R.A.); (L.S.)
| | - Ioanna Pachi
- 1st Department of Neurology, Eginition Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece; (C.K.); (A.M.S.); (N.P.); (E.A.); (I.P.); (R.A.); (L.S.)
| | - Roubina Antonelou
- 1st Department of Neurology, Eginition Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece; (C.K.); (A.M.S.); (N.P.); (E.A.); (I.P.); (R.A.); (L.S.)
| | - Maria Bozi
- Dafni Psychiatric Hospital, 12462 Athens, Greece;
- 2nd Department of Neurology, Attikon Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece
| | | | - Leonidas Stefanis
- 1st Department of Neurology, Eginition Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece; (C.K.); (A.M.S.); (N.P.); (E.A.); (I.P.); (R.A.); (L.S.)
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8
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Metta V, Dhamija RK, Batzu L, Mrudula R, Kumar NSS, S A, Falup-Pecurariu C, Rodriguez-Blazquez C, Goyal V, L K P, Bhattacharya K, Kumar S, Chaudhuri KR, Borgohain R. Safety and tolerability of long-term apomorphine infusion in advanced Parkinson's disease: an Indian multi-center (APO-IND) experience. Sci Rep 2023; 13:18681. [PMID: 37907679 PMCID: PMC10618227 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-46003-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Advanced Parkinson's Disease (APD) is complicated by the emergence of motor and non-motor fluctuations, which are initially predictable and eventually become unpredictable, in part due to erratic gastric absorption and short half of oral levodopa. Attempts to manage such fluctuations with oral dopaminergic drugs often lead to disabling dyskinesias. Continuous Subcutaneous Apomorphine Infusion (CSAI), despite being approved for the treatment of APD since 1993, was approved in India only in 2019. We studied the safety, tolerability and efficacy of CSAI in Indian patients with APD in a registry design to raise local awareness of this important treatment. We conducted a prospective registry-based observational audit at 10 centers across different states of India. Patients with APD, not responding to or with significant side effects from oral dopaminergic therapy, were assessed at baseline and at month 6 and 12 following CSAI infusion. Fifty-one patients completed the study, CSAI significantly reduced the functional impact of dyskinesia (p < 0.01 at 6 months and p < 0.001 at 12 months). There was a significant improvement in the OFF-state from baseline (p < 0.01 at 6 months and p < 0.001 at 12 months) No discernible side effects were observed apart from mild site reaction (n = 7), nausea (n = 7) skin nodules (n = 2). CSAI demonstrated safety, efficacy, tolerability and improved quality of life in patients with APD, as shown in previous studies. Our study highlighted current existing inequalities in treatment availability, lack of awareness, knowledge gap, affordability and cost remains a concern regarding apomorphine use in Indian PD population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinod Metta
- Department of Neurosciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience and Parkinson's Foundation Centre of Excellence, King's College London, King's College Hospital, London, UK.
- Parkinson's Foundation Centre of Excellence, King's College Hospital, London, Dubai, United Arab Emirates.
- Parkinson's Foundation Centre of Excellence, King's College Hospital London, London, SE5 9RS, UK.
| | - Rajinder K Dhamija
- Institute of Human Behavior and Allied Sciences, Lady Hardinge Medical College and SSK Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Lucia Batzu
- Department of Neurosciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience and Parkinson's Foundation Centre of Excellence, King's College London, King's College Hospital, London, UK
- Parkinson's Foundation Centre of Excellence, King's College Hospital, London, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Rukmini Mrudula
- Institute of Movement Disorders, Narayana Medical College and Postgraduate Research Centre, Nellore, India
- Nizams Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Natuva Sai Sampath Kumar
- Institute of Movement Disorders, Narayana Medical College and Postgraduate Research Centre, Nellore, India
| | - Arunan S
- SRM Institute of Medical Sciences and Technology, Chennai, India
| | | | | | - Vinay Goyal
- Institute of Movement Disorders and Parkinson's Centre, Medanta Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Prashanth L K
- Center for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders, Manipal Hospital, Bangalore, India
| | | | - Suresh Kumar
- Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Kochi, India
| | - Kallol Ray Chaudhuri
- Department of Neurosciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience and Parkinson's Foundation Centre of Excellence, King's College London, King's College Hospital, London, UK
- Parkinson's Foundation Centre of Excellence, King's College Hospital, London, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Rupam Borgohain
- Nizams Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
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9
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Bhoge SS, Harjpal P, Gupta S. Physiotherapy Approach to a Stage V Parkinson's Disease Patient: A Case Report. Cureus 2023; 15:e47549. [PMID: 38022080 PMCID: PMC10665217 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.47549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder caused due to decreased dopamine, a neurotransmitter, advancing to a range of motor and non-motor attributes. There is a death of dopamine-producing neurons (dopaminergic neurons) in the Substantia Nigra. Bradykinesia, postural instability, resting tremor, and rigidity are four main symptoms in this patient. A variety of other symptoms, like hypomimia, micrographia, freezing gait, decreased movement amplitude, constipation, cognitive impairments, etc., can be seen in this patient. In this paper, we report a 62-year-old female with stage 5 PD with chief complaints of uncoordinated movements, weakness, and difficulty in daily activities. She was treated with strengthening, stretching, Lee Silverman Voice Treatment (LSVT) BIG, bed mobility, gait training with auditory cueing, balance training, etc. LSVT-BIG enhances motor function by incorporating high amplitude motions of high intensity, consisting of numerous repetitions and progressive complexity. At the end of three weeks, the patient had improved strength, static and dynamic balance, gait, and quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shruti S Bhoge
- Department of Neurophysiotherapy, Ravi Nair Physiotherapy College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research (DU), Wardha, IND
| | - Pallavi Harjpal
- Department of Neurophysiotherapy, Ravi Nair Physiotherapy College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research (DU), Wardha, IND
| | - Swati Gupta
- Department of Neurophysiotherapy, Ravi Nair Physiotherapy College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research (DU), Wardha, IND
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10
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Mohammad, Khan UA, Warsi MH, Alkreathy HM, Karim S, Jain GK, Ali A. Intranasal cerium oxide nanoparticles improves locomotor activity and reduces oxidative stress and neuroinflammation in haloperidol-induced parkinsonism in rats. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1188470. [PMID: 37324485 PMCID: PMC10267740 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1188470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Cerium oxide nanoparticles (CONPs) have been investigated for their therapeutic potential in Parkinson's disease (PD) due to their potent and regenerative antioxidant activity. In the present study, CONPs were used to ameliorate the oxidative stress caused by free radicals in haloperidol-induced PD in rats following intranasal administration. Method: The antioxidant potential of the CONPs was evaluated in vitro using ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay. The penetration and local toxicity of the CONPs was evaluated ex-vivo using goat nasal mucosa. The acute local toxicity of intranasal CONPs was also studied in rat. Gamma scintigraphy was used to assess the targeted brain delivery of CONPs. Acute toxicity studies were performed in rats to demonstrate safety of intranasal CONPs. Further, open field test, pole test, biochemical estimations and brain histopathology was performed to evaluate efficacy of intranasal CONPs in haloperidol-induced PD rat model. Results: The FRAP assay revealed highest antioxidant activity of prepared CONPs at a concentration of 25 μg/mL. Confocal microscopy showed deep and homogenous distribution of CONPs in the goat nasal mucus layers. No signs of irritation or injury were seen in goat nasal membrane when treated with optimized CONPs. Scintigraphy studies in rats showed targeted brain delivery of intranasal CONPs and acute toxicity study demonstrated safety. The results of open field and pole test showed highly significant (p < 0.001) improvement in locomotor activity of rats treated with intranasal CONPs compared to untreated rats. Further, brain histopathology of treatment group rats showed reduced neurodegeneration with presence of more live cells. The amount of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) was reduced significantly, whereas the levels of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and GSH were increased significantly, while amounts of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) showed significant reduction after intranasal administration of CONPs. Also, the intranasal CONPs, significantly high (p < 0.001) dopamine concentration (13.93 ± 0.85 ng/mg protein) as compared to haloperidol-induced control rats (5.76 ± 0.70 ng/mg protein). Conclusion: The overall results concluded that the intranasal CONPs could be safe and effective therapeutics for the management of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Urooj Ahmed Khan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia College of Pharmacy, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Musarrat Husain Warsi
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Huda Mohammed Alkreathy
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shahid Karim
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gaurav Kumar Jain
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, New Delhi, India
- Center for Advanced Formulation Technology, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, New Delhi, India
| | - Asgar Ali
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, New Delhi, India
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11
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Krainc T, Monje MHG, Kinsinger M, Bustos BI, Lubbe SJ. Melanin and Neuromelanin: Linking Skin Pigmentation and Parkinson's Disease. Mov Disord 2023; 38:185-195. [PMID: 36350228 DOI: 10.1002/mds.29260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuromelanin-containing dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) are the most vulnerable neurons in Parkinson's disease (PD). Recent work suggests that the accumulation of oxidized dopamine and neuromelanin mediate the convergence of mitochondrial and lysosomal dysfunction in patient-derived neurons. In addition, the expression of human tyrosinase in mouse SNpc led to the formation of neuromelanin resulting in the degeneration of nigral dopaminergic neurons, further highlighting the importance of neuromelanin in PD. The potential role of neuromelanin in PD pathogenesis has been supported by epidemiological observations, whereby individuals with lighter pigmentation or cutaneous malignant melanoma exhibit higher incidence of PD. Because neuromelanin and melanin share many functional characteristics and overlapping biosynthetic pathways, it has been postulated that genes involved in skin pigmentation and melanin formation may play a role in the susceptibility of vulnerable midbrain dopaminergic neurons to neurodegeneration. Here, we highlight potential mechanisms that may explain the link between skin pigmentation and PD, focusing on the role of skin pigmentation genes in the pathogenesis of PD. We also discuss the importance of genetic ancestry in assessing the contribution of pigmentation-related genes to risk of PD. © 2022 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talia Krainc
- Department of Anthropology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA.,Ken and Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Mariana H G Monje
- Ken and Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Morgan Kinsinger
- Ken and Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Bernabe I Bustos
- Ken and Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,Simpson Querrey Center for Neurogenetics, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Steven J Lubbe
- Ken and Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,Simpson Querrey Center for Neurogenetics, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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12
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Naren P, Cholkar A, Kamble S, Khan SS, Srivastava S, Madan J, Mehra N, Tiwari V, Singh SB, Khatri DK. Pathological and Therapeutic Advances in Parkinson's Disease: Mitochondria in the Interplay. J Alzheimers Dis 2023; 94:S399-S428. [PMID: 36093711 PMCID: PMC10473111 DOI: 10.3233/jad-220682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative illness majorly affecting the population between the ages of 55 to 65 years. Progressive dopaminergic neuronal loss and the collective assemblage of misfolded alpha-synuclein in the substantia nigra, remain notable neuro-pathological hallmarks of the disease. Multitudes of mechanistic pathways have been proposed in attempts to unravel the pathogenesis of PD but still, it remains elusive. The convergence of PD pathology is found in organelle dysfunction where mitochondria remain a major contributor. Mitochondrial processes like bioenergetics, mitochondrial dynamics, and mitophagy are under strict regulation by the mitochondrial genome and nuclear genome. These processes aggravate neurodegenerative activities upon alteration through neuroinflammation, oxidative damage, apoptosis, and proteostatic stress. Therefore, the mitochondria have grabbed a central position in the patho-mechanistic exploration of neurodegenerative diseases like PD. The management of PD remains a challenge to physicians to date, due to the variable therapeutic response of patients and the limitation of conventional chemical agents which only offer symptomatic relief with minimal to no disease-modifying effect. This review describes the patho-mechanistic pathways involved in PD not only limited to protein dyshomeostasis and oxidative stress, but explicit attention has been drawn to exploring mechanisms like organelle dysfunction, primarily mitochondria and mitochondrial genome influence, while delineating the newer exploratory targets such as GBA1, GLP, LRRK2, and miRNAs and therapeutic agents targeting them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Padmashri Naren
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Anjali Cholkar
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Suchita Kamble
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Sabiya Samim Khan
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Saurabh Srivastava
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Jitender Madan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Neelesh Mehra
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Vinod Tiwari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (B.H.U.) Varanasi (U.P.), India
| | - Shashi Bala Singh
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Dharmendra Kumar Khatri
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
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13
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Abdul Murad NA, Sulaiman SA, Ahmad-Annuar A, Mohamed Ibrahim N, Mohamed W, Md Rani SA, Mok KY. Editorial: Genetic and molecular diversity in Parkinson's disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:1094914. [PMID: 36589546 PMCID: PMC9800990 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.1094914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nor Azian Abdul Murad
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute (UMBI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Siti Aishah Sulaiman
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute (UMBI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Azlina Ahmad-Annuar
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya (UM), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Norlinah Mohamed Ibrahim
- Neurology Unit, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Hospital Canselor Tuanku Muhriz, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia,*Correspondence: Norlinah Mohamed Ibrahim ✉
| | - Wael Mohamed
- Kulliyah of Medicine, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Shahrul Azmin Md Rani
- Neurology Unit, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Hospital Canselor Tuanku Muhriz, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kin Ying Mok
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, University College London (UCL) Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom,State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Division of Life Science, Molecular Neuroscience Center, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China,Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China,Kin Ying Mok ✉
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14
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Kukkle PL, Geetha TS, Chaudhary R, Sathirapongsasuti JF, Goyal V, Kandadai RM, Kumar H, Borgohain R, Mukherjee A, Oliver M, Sunil M, Mootor MFE, Kapil S, Mandloi N, Wadia PM, Yadav R, Desai S, Kumar N, Biswas A, Pal PK, Muthane UB, Das SK, Sakthivel Murugan SM, Peterson AS, Stawiski EW, Seshagiri S, Gupta R, Ramprasad VL, Prai PRAOI. Genome-Wide Polygenic Score Predicts Large Number of High Risk Individuals in Monogenic Undiagnosed Young Onset Parkinson's Disease Patients from India. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2022; 6:e2101326. [PMID: 35810474 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202101326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2021] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a genetically heterogeneous neurodegenerative disease with poorly defined environmental influences. Genomic studies of PD patients have identified disease-relevant monogenic genes, rare variants of significance, and polygenic risk-associated variants. In this study, whole genome sequencing data from 90 young onset Parkinson's disease (YOPD) individuals are analyzed for both monogenic and polygenic risk. The genetic variant analysis identifies pathogenic/likely pathogenic variants in eight of the 90 individuals (8.8%). It includes large homozygous coding exon deletions in PRKN and SNV/InDels in VPS13C, PLA2G6, PINK1, SYNJ1, and GCH1. Eleven rare heterozygous GBA coding variants are also identified in 13 (14.4%) individuals. In 34 (56.6%) individuals, one or more variants of uncertain significance (VUS) in PD/PD-relevant genes are observed. Though YOPD patients with a prioritized pathogenic variant show a low polygenic risk score (PRS), patients with prioritized VUS or no significant rare variants show an increased PRS odds ratio for PD. This study suggests that both significant rare variants and polygenic risk from common variants together may contribute to the genesis of PD. Further validation using a larger cohort of patients will confirm the interplay between monogenic and polygenic variants and their use in routine genetic PD diagnosis and risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashanth Lingappa Kukkle
- Department of Neurology, Manipal Hospital, Miller Road, Bangalore, 560052, India.,Department of Neurology, Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders Clinic, Bangalore, 560010, India.,Department of Neurology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, 249201, India
| | - Thenral S Geetha
- Research and Diagnostics Department, MedGenome Labs Pvt Ltd, Bangalore, 560099, India
| | - Ruchi Chaudhary
- Research Department, MedGenome Inc., 348 Hatch Drive, Foster City, CA, 94404, USA
| | | | - Vinay Goyal
- Department of Neurology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, 110608, India.,Department of Neurology, Medanta Hospital, New Delhi, 110047, India.,Department of Neurology, Medanta, The Medicity, Gurgaon, 122006, India
| | | | - Hrishikesh Kumar
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurosciences Kolkata, Kolkata, 700007, India
| | - Rupam Borgohain
- Department of Neurology, Nizams Institute of Medical Sciences (NIMS), Hyderabad, 500082, India
| | - Adreesh Mukherjee
- Department of Neurology, Bangur Institute of Neurosciences and Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research (IPGME&R), Kolkata, 700020, India
| | - Merina Oliver
- Research and Diagnostics Department, MedGenome Labs Pvt Ltd, Bangalore, 560099, India
| | - Meeta Sunil
- Research and Diagnostics Department, MedGenome Labs Pvt Ltd, Bangalore, 560099, India
| | | | - Shruti Kapil
- Research and Diagnostics Department, MedGenome Labs Pvt Ltd, Bangalore, 560099, India
| | - Nitin Mandloi
- Research and Diagnostics Department, MedGenome Labs Pvt Ltd, Bangalore, 560099, India
| | - Pettarusp M Wadia
- Department of Neurology, Jaslok Hospital and Research Centre, Mumbai, 400026, India
| | - Ravi Yadav
- Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, 560029, India
| | - Soaham Desai
- Department of Neurology, Shree Krishna Hospital and Pramukhswami Medical College, Bhaikaka University, Karamsad, 388325, India
| | - Niraj Kumar
- Department of Neurology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, 249201, India
| | - Atanu Biswas
- Department of Neurology, Bangur Institute of Neurosciences and Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research (IPGME&R), Kolkata, 700020, India
| | - Pramod Kumar Pal
- Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, 560029, India
| | - Uday B Muthane
- Department of Neurology, Parkinson and Ageing Research Foundation, Bangalore, 560095, India
| | - Shymal Kumar Das
- Department of Neurology, Bangur Institute of Neurosciences and Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research (IPGME&R), Kolkata, 700020, India
| | | | - Andrew S Peterson
- Research Department, MedGenome Inc., 348 Hatch Drive, Foster City, CA, 94404, USA
| | - Eric W Stawiski
- Research Department, MedGenome Inc., 348 Hatch Drive, Foster City, CA, 94404, USA
| | | | - Ravi Gupta
- Research and Diagnostics Department, MedGenome Labs Pvt Ltd, Bangalore, 560099, India
| | - Vedam L Ramprasad
- Research and Diagnostics Department, MedGenome Labs Pvt Ltd, Bangalore, 560099, India
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15
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Sahyadri M, Nadiga APR, Mehdi S, Mruthunjaya K, Nayak PG, Parihar VK, Manjula SN. Mitochondria-lysosome crosstalk in GBA1-associated Parkinson's disease. 3 Biotech 2022; 12:230. [PMID: 35992895 PMCID: PMC9388709 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-022-03261-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Organelle crosstalk is significant in regulating their respective functions and subsequent cell fate. Mitochondria and lysosomes are amongst the essential organelles in maintaining cellular homeostasis. Mitochondria-lysosome connections, which may develop dynamically in the human neurons, have been identified as sites of bidirectional communication. Aberrancies are often associated with neurodegenerative disorders like Parkinson's disease (PD), suggesting the physical and functional link between these two organelles. PD is often linked with genetic mutations of several mutations discovered in the familial forms of the disease; some are considered risk factors. Many of these genes are either associated with mitochondrial function or belong to endo-lysosomal pathways. The recent investigations have indicated that neurons with mutant glucosylceramidase beta (GBA1) exhibit extended mitochondria-lysosome connections in individuals with PD. This may be due to impaired control of the untethering protein, which aids in the hydrolysis of Rab7 GTP required for contact untethering. A GCase modulator may be used to augment the reduced GBA1 lysosomal enzyme activity in the neurons of PD patients. This review focuses on how GBA1 mutation in PD is interlinked with mitochondria-lysosome (ML) crosstalk, exploring the pathways governing these interactions and mechanistically comprehending the mitochondrial and lysosomal miscommunication in the pathophysiology of PD. This review is based on the limited literature available on the topic and hence may be subject to bias in its views. Our estimates may be conservative and limited due to the lack of studies under the said discipline due to its inherent complex nature. The current association of GBA1 to PD pathogenesis is based on the limited scope of study and further research is necessary to explore the risk factors further and identify the relationship with more detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Sahyadri
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru, 570015 Karnataka India
| | - Abhishek P. R. Nadiga
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru, 570015 Karnataka India
| | - Seema Mehdi
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru, 570015 Karnataka India
| | - K. Mruthunjaya
- Department of Pharmacognosy, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru, 570015 Karnataka India
| | - Pawan G. Nayak
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, 576104 Karnataka India
| | - Vipan K. Parihar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, NIPER-Hajipur, Bihar, 844102 India
| | - S. N. Manjula
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru, 570015 Karnataka India
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16
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Al-Mubarak B, Ahmed Nour M, Schumacher-Schuh A, Bandres-Ciga S. Globalizing research towards diverse representation in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. Ann Neurol 2022; 92:711-714. [PMID: 36003053 DOI: 10.1002/ana.26483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bashayer Al-Mubarak
- Center for Genomic Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Artur Schumacher-Schuh
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Serviço de Neurologia, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Sara Bandres-Ciga
- Center for Alzheimer's and Related Dementias, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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17
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Fernández-Santiago R, Sharma M. What have we learned from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) in Parkinson's disease? Ageing Res Rev 2022; 79:101648. [PMID: 35595184 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
After fifteen years of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) in Parkinson's disease (PD), what have we learned? Addressing this question will help catalogue the progress made towards elucidating disease mechanisms, improving the clinical utility of the identified loci, and envisioning how we can harness the strides to develop translational GWAS strategies. Here we review the advances of PD GWAS made to date while critically addressing the challenges and opportunities for next-generation GWAS. Thus, deciphering the missing heritability in underrepresented populations is currently at the reach of hand for a truly comprehensive understanding of the genetics of PD across the different ethnicities. Moreover, state-of-the-art GWAS designs hold a true potential for enhancing the clinical applicability of genetic findings, for instance, by improving disease prediction (PD risk and progression). Lastly, advanced PD GWAS findings, alone or in combination with clinical and environmental parameters, are expected to have the capacity for defining patient enriched cohorts stratified by genetic risk profiles and readily available for neuroprotective clinical trials. Overall, envisioning future strategies for advanced GWAS is currently timely and can be instrumental in providing novel genetic readouts essential for a true clinical translatability of PD genetic findings.
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18
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Elsayed I, Martinez-Carrasco A, Cornejo-Olivas M, Bandres-Ciga S. Mapping the Diverse and Inclusive Future of Parkinson's Disease Genetics and Its Widespread Impact. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:1681. [PMID: 34828286 PMCID: PMC8624537 DOI: 10.3390/genes12111681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last decades, genetics has been the engine that has pushed us along on our voyage to understand the etiology of Parkinson's disease (PD). Although a large number of risk loci and causative mutations for PD have been identified, it is clear that much more needs to be done to solve the missing heritability mystery. Despite remarkable efforts, as a field, we have failed in terms of diversity and inclusivity. The vast majority of genetic studies in PD have focused on individuals of European ancestry, leading to a gap of knowledge on the existing genetic differences across populations and PD as a whole. As we move forward, shedding light on the genetic architecture contributing to PD in non-European populations is essential, and will provide novel insight into the generalized genetic map of the disease. In this review, we discuss how better representation of understudied ancestral groups in PD genetics research requires addressing and resolving all the challenges that hinder the inclusion of these populations. We further provide an overview of PD genetics in the clinics, covering the current challenges and limitations of genetic testing and counseling. Finally, we describe the impact of worldwide collaborative initiatives in the field, shaping the future of the new era of PD genetics as we advance in our understanding of the genetic architecture of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inas Elsayed
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Gezira, Wad Medani P.O. Box 20, Sudan;
- International Parkinson Disease Genomics Consortium (IPDGC)-Africa, University of Gezira, Wad Medani P.O. Box 20, Sudan
| | | | - Mario Cornejo-Olivas
- Neurogenetics Research Center, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Neurológicas, Lima 15003, Peru;
- Center for Global Health, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima 15103, Peru
| | - Sara Bandres-Ciga
- Molecular Genetics Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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19
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van Rensburg ZJ, Abrahams S, Chetty D, Step K, Acker D, Lombard CJ, Elbaz A, Carr J, Bardien S. The South African Parkinson's Disease Study Collection. Mov Disord 2021; 37:230-232. [PMID: 34676912 DOI: 10.1002/mds.28828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) incidence is increasing in sub-Saharan Africa. We recruited 687 individuals with PD from different ancestral groups across South Africa. More Afrikaner Europeans had early-onset PD than other ancestral groups. More men had PD than women, with a younger age at onset for men (56 years). © 2021 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuné Jansen van Rensburg
- Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Shameemah Abrahams
- Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa.,South African Medical Research Council/Stellenbosch University Genomics of Brain Disorders Research Unit, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Devina Chetty
- Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Kathryn Step
- Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Debbie Acker
- Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa.,Division of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Carl J Lombard
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Department of Global Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa.,Biostatistics Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Alexis Elbaz
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Univ. Paris-Sud, Inserm, Team "Exposome, Heredity, Cancer and Health," CESP, Villejuif, France
| | - Jonathan Carr
- South African Medical Research Council/Stellenbosch University Genomics of Brain Disorders Research Unit, Cape Town, South Africa.,Division of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Soraya Bardien
- Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa.,South African Medical Research Council/Stellenbosch University Genomics of Brain Disorders Research Unit, Cape Town, South Africa
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20
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Grover S, Kumar-Sreelatha AA, Bobbili DR, May P, Domenighetti C, Sugier PE, Schulte C, Elbaz A, Krüger R, Gasser T, Sharma M. Replication of a Novel Parkinson's Locus in a European Ancestry Population. Mov Disord 2021; 36:1689-1695. [PMID: 33760272 DOI: 10.1002/mds.28546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A recently published East Asian genome-wide association study of Parkinson;s disease (PD) reported 2 novel risk loci, SV2C and WBSCR17. OBJECTIVES The objective of this study were to determine whether recently reported novel SV2C and WBSCR17 loci contribute to the risk of developing PD in European and East Asian ancestry populations. METHODS We report an association analysis of recently reported variants with PD in the COURAGE-PD cohort (9673 PD patients; 8465 controls) comprising individuals of European and East Asian ancestries. In addition, publicly available summary data (41,386 PD patients; 476,428 controls) were pooled. RESULTS Our findings confirmed the role of the SV2C variant in PD pathogenesis (rs246814, COURAGE-PD PEuropean = 6.64 × 10-4 , pooled PD P = 1.15 × 10-11 ). The WBSCR17 rs9638616 was observed as a significant risk marker in the East Asian pooled population only (P = 1.16 × 10-8 ). CONCLUSIONS Our comprehensive study provides an up-to-date summary of recently detected novel loci in different PD populations and confirmed the role of SV2C locus as a novel risk factor for PD irrespective of the population or ethnic group analyzed. © 2021 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Grover
- Centre for Genetic Epidemiology, Institute for Clinical Epidemiology and Applied Biometry, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ashwin Ashok Kumar-Sreelatha
- Centre for Genetic Epidemiology, Institute for Clinical Epidemiology and Applied Biometry, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Dheeraj R Bobbili
- Bioinformatics Core, Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Patrick May
- Bioinformatics Core, Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Cloé Domenighetti
- UVSQ, Univ. Paris-Sud, Inserm, Team « Exposome, Heredity, Cancer, and Health, CESP, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Pierre-Emmanuel Sugier
- UVSQ, Univ. Paris-Sud, Inserm, Team « Exposome, Heredity, Cancer, and Health, CESP, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Claudia Schulte
- Center of Neurology, and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University Hospital, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Alexis Elbaz
- UVSQ, Univ. Paris-Sud, Inserm, Team « Exposome, Heredity, Cancer, and Health, CESP, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Rejko Krüger
- Translational Neuroscience, Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), Belvaux, Luxembourg.,Transversal Translational Medicine, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), Strassen, Luxembourg.,Parkinson Research Clinic, Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg
| | - Thomas Gasser
- Center of Neurology, and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University Hospital, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Manu Sharma
- Centre for Genetic Epidemiology, Institute for Clinical Epidemiology and Applied Biometry, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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21
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Bose K, Wagh A, Mishra V, Dutta S, Parui AL, Puja R, Mudrale SP, Kulkarni SS, Gai PB, Sarin R. Loss of GSK-3β mediated phosphorylation in HtrA2 contributes to uncontrolled cell death with Parkinsonian phenotype. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 180:97-111. [PMID: 33716130 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.03.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
HtrA2, a proapoptotic mitochondrial serine protease, promotes cellular protection against oxidative damage. Literature reports show positive correlation between loss of HtrA2 protease activity and Parkinson's Disease (PD) susceptibility. Homozygous loss-of-function mutations in murine-HtrA2, and when they rarely occur in humans result in severe neurodegeneration and infantile death. Here, we report a novel heterozygous pathogenic HTRA2 variant, c.725C > T (p.T242M) in Indian PD patients. Although, this mutation exhibits no significant conformational changes compared to the wild-type, functional studies with HtrA2-T242M transfected neurons reveal common features of PD pathogenesis such as dysfunction, altered morphology and mitochondrial membrane depolarization. Despite exhibiting two-fold decrease in enzyme activity, observation of excessive cell-death due to over-expression of the mutant has been correlated with it being constitutively active. This interesting behavioral anomaly has been attributed to the loss of phosphorylation-mediated regulatory checkpoint at the T242M mutation site that is otherwise controlled by glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β). This study, with seamless amalgamation of biophysical and biomedical research unravels a mechanistic pathway of HtrA2 regulation and delineates its biological role in PD. Therefore, this investigation will not only prove beneficial toward devising therapeutic strategies against HtrA2-associated diseases mediated by GSK-3β but also suggest new avenues for treatment of Parkinsonian phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kakoli Bose
- Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai 410210, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, BARC Training School Complex, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, India.
| | - Ajay Wagh
- Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai 410210, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, BARC Training School Complex, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - Vasudha Mishra
- Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai 410210, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, BARC Training School Complex, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - Shubhankar Dutta
- Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai 410210, India
| | - Aasna L Parui
- Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai 410210, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, BARC Training School Complex, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - Rashmi Puja
- Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai 410210, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, BARC Training School Complex, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - Snehal Pandav Mudrale
- Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai 410210, India
| | | | - Pramod B Gai
- Karnataka Institute for DNA Research, Pavate Nagar, Dharwad, Karnataka, India
| | - Rajiv Sarin
- Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai 410210, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, BARC Training School Complex, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, India.
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22
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GP2
: The Global Parkinson's Genetics Program. Mov Disord 2021; 36:842-851. [PMID: 33513272 PMCID: PMC9290711 DOI: 10.1002/mds.28494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
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