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Reynoso A, Torricelli R, Jacobs BM, Shi J, Aslibekyan S, Norcliffe-Kaufmann L, Noyce AJ, Heilbron K. Gene-Environment Interactions for Parkinson's Disease. Ann Neurol 2024; 95:677-687. [PMID: 38113326 DOI: 10.1002/ana.26852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder with complex etiology. Multiple genetic and environmental factors have been associated with PD, but most PD risk remains unexplained. The aim of this study was to test for statistical interactions between PD-related genetic and environmental exposures in the 23andMe, Inc. research dataset. METHODS Using a validated PD polygenic risk score and common PD-associated variants in the GBA gene, we explored interactions between genetic susceptibility factors and 7 lifestyle and environmental factors: body mass index (BMI), type 2 diabetes (T2D), tobacco use, caffeine consumption, pesticide exposure, head injury, and physical activity (PA). RESULTS We observed that T2D, as well as higher BMI, caffeine consumption, and tobacco use, were associated with lower odds of PD, whereas head injury, pesticide exposure, GBA carrier status, and PD polygenic risk score were associated with higher odds. No significant association was observed between PA and PD. In interaction analyses, we found statistical evidence for an interaction between polygenic risk of PD and the following environmental/lifestyle factors: T2D (p = 6.502 × 10-8), PA (p = 8.745 × 10-5), BMI (p = 4.314 × 10-4), and tobacco use (p = 2.236 × 10-3). Although BMI and tobacco use were associated with lower odds of PD regardless of the extent of individual genetic liability, the direction of the relationship between odds of PD and T2D, as well as PD and PA, varied depending on polygenic risk score. INTERPRETATION We provide preliminary evidence that associations between some environmental and lifestyle factors and PD may be modified by genotype. ANN NEUROL 2024;95:677-687.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Roberta Torricelli
- Center for Preventive Neurology, Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Benjamin Meir Jacobs
- Center for Preventive Neurology, Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | | | | | | | - Alastair J Noyce
- Center for Preventive Neurology, Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Karl Heilbron
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
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Pitz V, Makarious MB, Bandres-Ciga S, Iwaki H, Singleton AB, Nalls M, Heilbron K, Blauwendraat C. Analysis of rare Parkinson's disease variants in millions of people. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 2024; 10:11. [PMID: 38191580 PMCID: PMC10774311 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-023-00608-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Although many rare variants have been reportedly associated with Parkinson's disease (PD), many have not been replicated or have failed to replicate. Here, we conduct a large-scale replication of rare PD variants. We assessed a total of 27,590 PD cases, 6701 PD proxies, and 3,106,080 controls from three data sets: 23andMe, Inc., UK Biobank, and AMP-PD. Based on well-known PD genes, 834 variants of interest were selected from the ClinVar annotated 23andMe dataset. We performed a meta-analysis using summary statistics of all three studies. The meta-analysis resulted in five significant variants after Bonferroni correction, including variants in GBA1 and LRRK2. Another eight variants are strong candidate variants for their association with PD. Here, we provide the largest rare variant meta-analysis to date, providing information on confirmed and newly identified variants for their association with PD using several large databases. Additionally we also show the complexities of studying rare variants in large-scale cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Pitz
- Integrative Neurogenomics Unit, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Mary B Makarious
- Molecular Genetics Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- UCL Movement Disorders Centre, University College London, London, UK
| | - Sara Bandres-Ciga
- Center for Alzheimer's and Related Dementias (CARD), National Institute on Aging and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Hirotaka Iwaki
- Molecular Genetics Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Center for Alzheimer's and Related Dementias (CARD), National Institute on Aging and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Data Tecnica International, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Andrew B Singleton
- Molecular Genetics Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Center for Alzheimer's and Related Dementias (CARD), National Institute on Aging and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mike Nalls
- Molecular Genetics Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Center for Alzheimer's and Related Dementias (CARD), National Institute on Aging and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Data Tecnica International, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | - Cornelis Blauwendraat
- Integrative Neurogenomics Unit, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Center for Alzheimer's and Related Dementias (CARD), National Institute on Aging and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Kim JJ, Vitale D, Otani DV, Lian MM, Heilbron K, Iwaki H, Lake J, Solsberg CW, Leonard H, Makarious MB, Tan EK, Singleton AB, Bandres-Ciga S, Noyce AJ, Blauwendraat C, Nalls MA, Foo JN, Mata I. Multi-ancestry genome-wide association meta-analysis of Parkinson's disease. Nat Genet 2024; 56:27-36. [PMID: 38155330 PMCID: PMC10786718 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-023-01584-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Although over 90 independent risk variants have been identified for Parkinson's disease using genome-wide association studies, most studies have been performed in just one population at a time. Here we performed a large-scale multi-ancestry meta-analysis of Parkinson's disease with 49,049 cases, 18,785 proxy cases and 2,458,063 controls including individuals of European, East Asian, Latin American and African ancestry. In a meta-analysis, we identified 78 independent genome-wide significant loci, including 12 potentially novel loci (MTF2, PIK3CA, ADD1, SYBU, IRS2, USP8, PIGL, FASN, MYLK2, USP25, EP300 and PPP6R2) and fine-mapped 6 putative causal variants at 6 known PD loci. By combining our results with publicly available eQTL data, we identified 25 putative risk genes in these novel loci whose expression is associated with PD risk. This work lays the groundwork for future efforts aimed at identifying PD loci in non-European populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonggeol Jeffrey Kim
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
- Preventive Neurology Unit, Centre for Prevention Diagnosis and Detection, Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
| | - Dan Vitale
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Data Tecnica International, Washington, DC, USA
- Center for Alzheimer's and Related Dementias (CARD), National Institute on Aging and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Diego Véliz Otani
- Neurogenetics Research Center, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Neurológicas, Lima, Peru
- Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Michelle Mulan Lian
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Hirotaka Iwaki
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Data Tecnica International, Washington, DC, USA
- Center for Alzheimer's and Related Dementias (CARD), National Institute on Aging and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Julie Lake
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Caroline Warly Solsberg
- Pharmaceutical Sciences and Pharmacogenomics, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Neurology and Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Memory and Aging Center, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Hampton Leonard
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Data Tecnica International, Washington, DC, USA
- Center for Alzheimer's and Related Dementias (CARD), National Institute on Aging and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mary B Makarious
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- UCL Movement Disorders Centre, University College London, London, UK
| | - Eng-King Tan
- Department of Neurology, National Neuroscience Institute, Duke NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Andrew B Singleton
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Center for Alzheimer's and Related Dementias (CARD), National Institute on Aging and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sara Bandres-Ciga
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Center for Alzheimer's and Related Dementias (CARD), National Institute on Aging and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Alastair J Noyce
- Preventive Neurology Unit, Centre for Prevention Diagnosis and Detection, Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Cornelis Blauwendraat
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
- Center for Alzheimer's and Related Dementias (CARD), National Institute on Aging and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Mike A Nalls
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
- Data Tecnica International, Washington, DC, USA.
- Center for Alzheimer's and Related Dementias (CARD), National Institute on Aging and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Jia Nee Foo
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Ignacio Mata
- Genomic Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA.
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Saffie-Awad P, Elsayed I, Sanyaolu AO, Crea PW, Schuh AFS, Levine KS, Vitale D, Korestky MJ, Kim J, Leal TP, Periñan MT, Dey S, Noyce AJ, Reyes-Palomares A, Rodriguez-Losada N, Foo JN, Mohamed W, Heilbron K, Norcliffe-Kaufmann L, Rizig M, Okubadejo N, Nalls M, Blauwendraat C, Singleton A, Leonard H, Makarious MB, Mata IF, Bandres-Ciga S. Evaluating the performance of polygenic risk profiling across diverse ancestry populations in Parkinson's disease. medRxiv 2023:2023.11.28.23299090. [PMID: 38076954 PMCID: PMC10705647 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.28.23299090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Objective This study aims to address disparities in risk prediction by evaluating the performance of polygenic risk score (PRS) models using the 90 risk variants across 78 independent loci previously linked to Parkinson's disease (PD) risk across seven diverse ancestry populations. Methods We conducted a multi-stage study, testing PRS models in predicting PD status across seven different ancestries applying three approaches: 1) PRS adjusted by gender and age; 2) PRS adjusted by gender, age and principal components (PCs); and 3) PRS adjusted by gender, age and percentage of population admixture. These models were built using the largest four population-specific summary statistics of PD risk to date (base data) and individual level data obtained from the Global Parkinson's Genetics Program (target data). We performed power calculations to estimate the minimum sample size required to conduct these analyses. A total of 91 PRS models were developed to investigate cumulative known genetic variation associated with PD risk and age of onset in a global context. Results We observed marked heterogeneity in risk estimates across non-European ancestries, including East Asians, Central Asians, Latino/Admixed Americans, Africans, African admixed, and Ashkenazi Jewish populations. Risk allele patterns for the 90 risk variants yielded significant differences in directionality, frequency, and magnitude of effect. PRS did not improve in performance when predicting disease status using similar base and target data across multiple ancestries, demonstrating that cumulative PRS models based on current known risk are inherently biased towards European populations. We found that PRS models adjusted by percentage of admixture outperformed models that adjusted for conventional PCs in highly admixed populations. Overall, the clinical utility of our models in individually predicting PD status is limited in concordance with the estimates observed in European populations. Interpretation This study represents the first comprehensive assessment of how PRS models predict PD risk and age at onset in a multi-ancestry fashion. Given the heterogeneity and distinct genetic architecture of PD across different populations, our assessment emphasizes the need for larger and diverse study cohorts of individual-level target data and well-powered ancestry-specific summary statistics. Our current understanding of PD status unraveled through GWAS in European populations is not generally applicable to other ancestries. Future studies should integrate clinical and *omics level data to enhance the accuracy and predictive power of PRS across diverse populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Saffie-Awad
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Médicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Centro de Trastornos del Movimiento (CETRAM), Santiago, Chile
- Clínica Santa María, Santiago, Chile
| | - Inas Elsayed
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Gezira, Wadmadani, 20, Sudan
| | | | - Peter Wild Crea
- Center for Alzheimer’s and Related Dementias (CARD), National Institute on Aging and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA, 20814
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Artur F Schumacher Schuh
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Médicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Serviço de Neurologia, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Kristin S Levine
- Center for Alzheimer’s and Related Dementias (CARD), National Institute on Aging and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA, 20814
- Data Tecnica International LLC, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Dan Vitale
- Center for Alzheimer’s and Related Dementias (CARD), National Institute on Aging and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA, 20814
- Data Tecnica International LLC, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Mathew J Korestky
- Center for Alzheimer’s and Related Dementias (CARD), National Institute on Aging and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA, 20814
| | - Jeffrey Kim
- Center for Alzheimer’s and Related Dementias (CARD), National Institute on Aging and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA, 20814
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Thiago Peixoto Leal
- Genomic Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - María Teresa Periñan
- Unidad de Trastornos del Movimiento, Servicio de Neurología y Neurofisiología Clínica, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
- Preventive Neurology Unit, Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Sumit Dey
- Preventive Neurology Unit, Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Alastair J Noyce
- Preventive Neurology Unit, Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Armando Reyes-Palomares
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | | | - Jia Nee Foo
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wael Mohamed
- Neuroscience Unit, Clinical Pharmacology Dept., Menoufiia Medical School, Egypt
| | | | | | | | - Mie Rizig
- Preventive Neurology Unit, Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, WC1N 3BG, United Kingdom
| | - Njideka Okubadejo
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Mike Nalls
- Center for Alzheimer’s and Related Dementias (CARD), National Institute on Aging and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA, 20814
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Data Tecnica International LLC, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Cornelis Blauwendraat
- Center for Alzheimer’s and Related Dementias (CARD), National Institute on Aging and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA, 20814
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Andrew Singleton
- Center for Alzheimer’s and Related Dementias (CARD), National Institute on Aging and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA, 20814
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Hampton Leonard
- Center for Alzheimer’s and Related Dementias (CARD), National Institute on Aging and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA, 20814
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Data Tecnica International LLC, Washington, DC, USA
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, WC1N 3BG, United Kingdom
| | - Mary B Makarious
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, WC1N 3BG, United Kingdom
| | - Ignacio F. Mata
- Genomic Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Sara Bandres-Ciga
- Center for Alzheimer’s and Related Dementias (CARD), National Institute on Aging and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA, 20814
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Richmond RC, Howe LJ, Heilbron K, Jones S, Liu J, Wang X, Weedon MN, Rutter MK, Lawlor DA, Davey Smith G, Vetter C. Correlations in sleeping patterns and circadian preference between spouses. Commun Biol 2023; 6:1156. [PMID: 37957254 PMCID: PMC10643442 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05521-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Spouses may affect each other's sleeping behaviour. In 47,420 spouse-pairs from the UK Biobank, we found a weak positive phenotypic correlation between spouses for self-reported sleep duration (r = 0.11; 95% CI = 0.10, 0.12) and a weak inverse correlation for chronotype (diurnal preference) (r = -0.11; -0.12, -0.10), which replicated in up to 127,035 23andMe spouse-pairs. Using accelerometer data on 3454 UK Biobank spouse-pairs, the correlation for derived sleep duration was similar to self-report (r = 0.12; 0.09, 0.15). Timing of diurnal activity was positively correlated (r = 0.24; 0.21, 0.27) in contrast to the inverse correlation for chronotype. In Mendelian randomization analysis, positive effects of sleep duration (mean difference=0.13; 0.04, 0.23 SD per SD) and diurnal activity (0.49; 0.03, 0.94) were observed, as were inverse effects of chronotype (-0.15; -0.26, -0.04) and snoring (-0.15; -0.27, -0.04). Findings support the notion that an individual's sleep may impact that of their partner, promoting opportunities for sleep interventions at the family-level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca C Richmond
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Barley House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol, UK.
| | - Laurence J Howe
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Barley House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol, UK
| | - Karl Heilbron
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Samuel Jones
- Institute for Molecular Medicine FIMM, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Junxi Liu
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Barley House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol, UK
- Oxford Population Health, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Xin Wang
- 23andMe, Inc., 223 N Mathilda Avenue, Sunnyvale, CA, USA
| | - Michael N Weedon
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - Martin K Rutter
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Gastroenterology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism Centre, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Deborah A Lawlor
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Barley House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol, UK
- National Institute of Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - George Davey Smith
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Barley House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol, UK
- National Institute of Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Céline Vetter
- Circadian and Sleep Epidemiology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
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6
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Rizig M, Bandres-Ciga S, Makarious MB, Ojo OO, Crea PW, Abiodun OV, Levine KS, Abubakar SA, Achoru CO, Vitale D, Adeniji OA, Agabi OP, Koretsky MJ, Agulanna U, Hall DA, Akinyemi RO, Xie T, Ali MW, Shamim EA, Ani-Osheku I, Padmanaban M, Arigbodi OM, Standaert DG, Bello AH, Dean MN, Erameh CO, Elsayed I, Farombi TH, Okunoye O, Fawale MB, Billingsley KJ, Imarhiagbe FA, Jerez PA, Iwuozo EU, Baker B, Komolafe MA, Malik L, Nwani PO, Daida K, Nwazor EO, Miano-Burkhardt A, Nyandaiti YW, Fang ZH, Obiabo YO, Kluss JH, Odeniyi OA, Hernandez DG, Odiase FE, Tayebi N, Ojini FI, Sidranksy E, Onwuegbuzie GA, D'Souza AM, Osaigbovo GO, Berhe B, Osemwegie N, Reed X, Oshinaike OO, Leonard HL, Otubogun FM, Alvarado CX, Oyakhire SI, Ozomma SI, Samuel SC, Taiwo FT, Wahab KW, Zubair YA, Iwaki H, Kim JJ, Morris HR, Hardy J, Nalls MA, Heilbron K, Norcliffe-Kaufmann L, Blauwendraat C, Houlden H, Singleton A, Okubadejo NU. Identification of genetic risk loci and causal insights associated with Parkinson's disease in African and African admixed populations: a genome-wide association study. Lancet Neurol 2023; 22:1015-1025. [PMID: 37633302 PMCID: PMC10593199 DOI: 10.1016/s1474-4422(23)00283-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND An understanding of the genetic mechanisms underlying diseases in ancestrally diverse populations is an important step towards development of targeted treatments. Research in African and African admixed populations can enable mapping of complex traits, because of their genetic diversity, extensive population substructure, and distinct linkage disequilibrium patterns. We aimed to do a comprehensive genome-wide assessment in African and African admixed individuals to better understand the genetic architecture of Parkinson's disease in these underserved populations. METHODS We performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) in people of African and African admixed ancestry with and without Parkinson's disease. Individuals were included from several cohorts that were available as a part of the Global Parkinson's Genetics Program, the International Parkinson's Disease Genomics Consortium Africa, and 23andMe. A diagnosis of Parkinson's disease was confirmed clinically by a movement disorder specialist for every individual in each cohort, except for 23andMe, in which it was self-reported based on clinical diagnosis. We characterised ancestry-specific risk, differential haplotype structure and admixture, coding and structural genetic variation, and enzymatic activity. FINDINGS We included 197 918 individuals (1488 cases and 196 430 controls) in our genome-wide analysis. We identified a novel common risk factor for Parkinson's disease (overall meta-analysis odds ratio for risk of Parkinson's disease 1·58 [95% CI 1·37-1·80], p=2·397 × 10-14) and age at onset at the GBA1 locus, rs3115534-G (age at onset β=-2·00 [SE=0·57], p=0·0005, for African ancestry; and β=-4·15 [0·58], p=0·015, for African admixed ancestry), which was rare in non-African or non-African admixed populations. Downstream short-read and long-read whole-genome sequencing analyses did not reveal any coding or structural variant underlying the GWAS signal. The identified signal seems to be associated with decreased glucocerebrosidase activity. INTERPRETATION Our study identified a novel genetic risk factor in GBA1 in people of African ancestry, which has not been seen in European populations, and it could be a major mechanistic basis of Parkinson's disease in African populations. This population-specific variant exerts substantial risk on Parkinson's disease as compared with common variation identified through GWAS and it was found to be present in 39% of the cases assessed in this study. This finding highlights the importance of understanding ancestry-specific genetic risk in complex diseases, a particularly crucial point as the Parkinson's disease field moves towards targeted treatments in clinical trials. The distinctive genetics of African populations highlights the need for equitable inclusion of ancestrally diverse groups in future trials, which will be a valuable step towards gaining insights into novel genetic determinants underlying the causes of Parkinson's disease. This finding opens new avenues towards RNA-based and other therapeutic strategies aimed at reducing lifetime risk of Parkinson's disease. FUNDING The Global Parkinson's Genetics Program, which is funded by the Aligning Science Across Parkinson's initiative, and The Michael J Fox Foundation for Parkinson's Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mie Rizig
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Sara Bandres-Ciga
- Center for Alzheimer's and Related Dementias, National Institute on Aging and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mary B Makarious
- UCL Movement Disorders Centre, University College London, London, UK; Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Peter Wild Crea
- Center for Alzheimer's and Related Dementias, National Institute on Aging and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA; Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Kristin S Levine
- Center for Alzheimer's and Related Dementias, National Institute on Aging and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA; Data Tecnica International, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | | | - Dan Vitale
- Data Tecnica International, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | - Osigwe Paul Agabi
- College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Idi Araba, Lagos State, Nigeria
| | - Mathew J Koretsky
- Center for Alzheimer's and Related Dementias, National Institute on Aging and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Uchechi Agulanna
- Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Idi Araba, Lagos State, Nigeria
| | - Deborah A Hall
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Rufus Olusola Akinyemi
- Neuroscience and Ageing Research Unit, Institute for Advanced Medical Research and Training, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Tao Xie
- Department of Neurology, University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Ejaz A Shamim
- Human Motor Control Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA; Kaiser Permanente Mid-Atlantic States, Largo, MD, USA; MidAtlantic Permanente Research Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | | | - Mahesh Padmanaban
- Department of Neurology, University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - David G Standaert
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | | | - Marissa N Dean
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | | | - Inas Elsayed
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Gezira, Wadmadani, Sudan
| | | | - Olaitan Okunoye
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | | | - Kimberley J Billingsley
- Center for Alzheimer's and Related Dementias, National Institute on Aging and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA; Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Pilar Alvarez Jerez
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK; Center for Alzheimer's and Related Dementias, National Institute on Aging and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Breeana Baker
- Center for Alzheimer's and Related Dementias, National Institute on Aging and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Laksh Malik
- Center for Alzheimer's and Related Dementias, National Institute on Aging and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Paul Osemeke Nwani
- Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, Nnewi, Anambra State, Nigeria
| | - Kensuke Daida
- Center for Alzheimer's and Related Dementias, National Institute on Aging and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA; Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Abigail Miano-Burkhardt
- Center for Alzheimer's and Related Dementias, National Institute on Aging and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA; Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Zih-Hua Fang
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tuebingen, Germany
| | | | - Jillian H Kluss
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Dena G Hernandez
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Nahid Tayebi
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Francis Ibe Ojini
- College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Idi Araba, Lagos State, Nigeria
| | - Ellen Sidranksy
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Andrea M D'Souza
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Bahafta Berhe
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Xylena Reed
- Center for Alzheimer's and Related Dementias, National Institute on Aging and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Hampton L Leonard
- Center for Alzheimer's and Related Dementias, National Institute on Aging and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA; Data Tecnica International, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | - Chelsea X Alvarado
- Center for Alzheimer's and Related Dementias, National Institute on Aging and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA; Data Tecnica International, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Kolawole Wasiu Wahab
- University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria; University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria
| | | | - Hirotaka Iwaki
- Center for Alzheimer's and Related Dementias, National Institute on Aging and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA; Data Tecnica International, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Jonggeol Jeffrey Kim
- Center for Alzheimer's and Related Dementias, National Institute on Aging and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA; Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Huw R Morris
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - John Hardy
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | | | | | | | - Cornelis Blauwendraat
- Center for Alzheimer's and Related Dementias, National Institute on Aging and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA; Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Henry Houlden
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Andrew Singleton
- Center for Alzheimer's and Related Dementias, National Institute on Aging and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA; Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Njideka Ulunma Okubadejo
- College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Idi Araba, Lagos State, Nigeria; Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Idi Araba, Lagos State, Nigeria.
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Kim JJ, Bandres-Ciga S, Heilbron K, Blauwendraat C, Noyce AJ. Bidirectional relationship between olfaction and Parkinson's disease. medRxiv 2023:2023.10.18.23297218. [PMID: 37905151 PMCID: PMC10615003 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.18.23297218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Background Hyposmia (loss of smell) is a common early symptom of Parkinson's disease (PD). The shared genetic architecture between hyposmia and PD is unknown. Methods We leveraged genome-wide association study (GWAS) results for self-assessment of 'ability to smell' and PD diagnosis. Linkage disequilibrium score regression (LDSC) and Local Analysis of [co]Variant Association (LAVA) were used to identify genome-wide and local genetic correlations. Mendelian randomization was used to identify potential causal relationships. Results LDSC found that sense of smell negatively correlated at a genome-wide level with PD. LAVA found negative correlations in four genetic loci near GBA1, ANAPC4, SNCA, and MAPT. Using Mendelian randomization we found evidence for strong causal relationship between PD and liability towards poorer sense of smell, but weaker evidence for the reverse direction. Conclusions Hyposmia and PD share genetic liability in only a subset of the major PD risk genes. While there was definitive evidence that PD can lower the sense of smell, there was only suggestive evidence for the reverse. This work highlights the heritability of olfactory function and its relationship with PD heritability and provides further insight into the association between PD and hyposmia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonggeol J Kim
- Preventive Neurology Unit, Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, UK
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sara Bandres-Ciga
- Center for Alzheimer's and Related Dementias (CARD), National Institute on Aging and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Karl Heilbron
- 23andMe, Inc., Sunnyvale, CA, USA
- Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Cornelis Blauwendraat
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Center for Alzheimer's and Related Dementias (CARD), National Institute on Aging and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Alastair J Noyce
- Preventive Neurology Unit, Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, UK
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8
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Rizig M, Bandres-Ciga S, Makarious MB, Ojo O, Crea PW, Abiodun O, Levine KS, Abubakar S, Achoru C, Vitale D, Adeniji O, Agabi O, Koretsky MJ, Agulanna U, Hall DA, Akinyemi R, Xie T, Ali M, Shamim EA, Ani-Osheku I, Padmanaban M, Arigbodi O, Standaert DG, Bello A, Dean M, Erameh C, Elsayed I, Farombi T, Okunoye O, Fawale M, Billingsley KJ, Imarhiagbe F, Jerez PA, Iwuozo E, Baker B, Komolafe M, Malik L, Nwani P, Daida K, Nwazor E, Miano-Burkhardt A, Nyandaiti Y, Fang ZH, Obiabo Y, Kluss JH, Odeniyi O, Hernandez D, Odiase F, Tayebi N, Ojini F, Sidranksy E, Onwuegbuzie G, D’Souza AM, Osaigbovo G, Berhe B, Osemwegie N, Reed X, Oshinaike O, Leonard H, Otubogun F, Alvarado CX, Oyakhire S, Ozomma S, Samuel S, Taiwo F, Wahab K, Zubair Y, Iwaki H, Kim JJ, Morris HR, Hardy J, Nalls M, Heilbron K, Norcliffe-Kaufmann L, Blauwendraat C, Houlden H, Singleton A, Okubadejo N. Genome-wide Association Identifies Novel Etiological Insights Associated with Parkinson's Disease in African and African Admixed Populations. medRxiv 2023:2023.05.05.23289529. [PMID: 37398408 PMCID: PMC10312852 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.05.23289529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Background Understanding the genetic mechanisms underlying diseases in ancestrally diverse populations is a critical step towards the realization of the global application of precision medicine. The African and African admixed populations enable mapping of complex traits given their greater levels of genetic diversity, extensive population substructure, and distinct linkage disequilibrium patterns. Methods Here we perform a comprehensive genome-wide assessment of Parkinson's disease (PD) in 197,918 individuals (1,488 cases; 196,430 controls) of African and African admixed ancestry, characterizing population-specific risk, differential haplotype structure and admixture, coding and structural genetic variation and polygenic risk profiling. Findings We identified a novel common risk factor for PD and age at onset at the GBA1 locus (risk, rs3115534-G; OR=1.58, 95% CI = 1.37 - 1.80, P=2.397E-14; age at onset, BETA =-2.004, SE =0.57, P = 0.0005), that was found to be rare in non-African/African admixed populations. Downstream short- and long-read whole genome sequencing analyses did not reveal any coding or structural variant underlying the GWAS signal. However, we identified that this signal mediates PD risk via expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) mechanisms. While previously identified GBA1 associated disease risk variants are coding mutations, here we suggest a novel functional mechanism consistent with a trend in decreasing glucocerebrosidase activity levels. Given the high population frequency of the underlying signal and the phenotypic characteristics of the homozygous carriers, we hypothesize that this variant may not cause Gaucher disease. Additionally, the prevalence of Gaucher's disease in Africa is low. Interpretation The present study identifies a novel African-ancestry genetic risk factor in GBA1 as a major mechanistic basis of PD in the African and African admixed populations. This striking result contrasts to previous work in Northern European populations, both in terms of mechanism and attributable risk. This finding highlights the importance of understanding population-specific genetic risk in complex diseases, a particularly crucial point as the field moves toward precision medicine in PD clinical trials and while recognizing the need for equitable inclusion of ancestrally diverse groups in such trials. Given the distinctive genetics of these underrepresented populations, their inclusion represents a valuable step towards insights into novel genetic determinants underlying PD etiology. This opens new avenues towards RNA-based and other therapeutic strategies aimed at reducing lifetime risk. Research in Context Evidence Before this Study Our current understanding of Parkinson's disease (PD) is disproportionately based on studying populations of European ancestry, leading to a significant gap in our knowledge about the genetics, clinical characteristics, and pathophysiology in underrepresented populations. This is particularly notable in individuals of African and African admixed ancestries. Over the last two decades, we have witnessed a revolution in the research area of complex genetic diseases. In the PD field, large-scale genome-wide association studies in the European, Asian, and Latin American populations have identified multiple risk loci associated with disease. These include 78 loci and 90 independent signals associated with PD risk in the European population, nine replicated loci and two novel population-specific signals in the Asian population, and a total of 11 novel loci recently nominated through multi-ancestry GWAS efforts.Nevertheless, the African and African admixed populations remain completely unexplored in the context of PD genetics. Added Value of this Study To address the lack of diversity in our research field, this study aimed to conduct the first genome-wide assessment of PD genetics in the African and African admixed populations. Here, we identified a genetic risk factor linked to PD etiology, dissected African-specific differences in risk and age at onset, characterized known genetic risk factors, and highlighted the utility of the African and African admixed risk haplotype substructure for future fine-mapping efforts. We identified a novel disease mechanism via expression changes consistent with decreased GBA1 activity levels. Future large scale single cell expression studies should investigate the neuronal populations in which expression differences are most prominent. This novel mechanism may hold promise for future efficient RNA-based therapeutic strategies such as antisense oligonucleotides or short interfering RNAs aimed at preventing and decreasing disease risk. We envisage that these data generated under the umbrella of the Global Parkinson's Genetics Program (GP2) will shed light on the molecular mechanisms involved in the disease process and might pave the way for future clinical trials and therapeutic interventions. This work represents a valuable resource in an underserved population, supporting pioneering research within GP2 and beyond. Deciphering causal and genetic risk factors in all these ancestries will help determine whether interventions, potential targets for disease modifying treatment, and prevention strategies that are being studied in the European populations are relevant to the African and African admixed populations. Implications of all the Available Evidence We nominate a novel signal impacting GBA1 as the major genetic risk factor for PD in the African and African admixed populations. The present study could inform future GBA1 clinical trials, improving patient stratification. In this regard, genetic testing can help to design trials likely to provide meaningful and actionable answers. It is our hope that these findings may ultimately have clinical utility for this underrepresented population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mie Rizig
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 3BG, UK
- UCL Movement Disorders Centre, University College London, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Sara Bandres-Ciga
- Center for Alzheimer’s and Related Dementias (CARD), National Institute on Aging and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA, 20814
| | - Mary B Makarious
- UCL Movement Disorders Centre, University College London, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Oluwadamilola Ojo
- College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Idi Araba, Lagos State, Nigeria
| | - Peter Wild Crea
- Center for Alzheimer’s and Related Dementias (CARD), National Institute on Aging and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA, 20814
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Kristin S Levine
- Center for Alzheimer’s and Related Dementias (CARD), National Institute on Aging and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA, 20814
- Data Tecnica International, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Sani Abubakar
- Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria
| | - Charles Achoru
- Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria
| | - Dan Vitale
- Data Tecnica International, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | - Osigwe Agabi
- College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Idi Araba, Lagos State, Nigeria
| | - Mathew J Koretsky
- Center for Alzheimer’s and Related Dementias (CARD), National Institute on Aging and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA, 20814
| | - Uchechi Agulanna
- Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Idi Araba, Lagos State, Nigeria
| | - Deborah A. Hall
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Rufus Akinyemi
- Neuroscience and Ageing Research Unit, Institute for Advanced Medical Research and Training, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Tao Xie
- Department of Neurology, University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Mohammed Ali
- Federal Teaching Hospital Gombe, Gombe State, Nigeria
| | - Ejaz A. Shamim
- Human Motor Control Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Kaiser Permanente Mid-Atlantic States, Largo, Maryland, USA
- MidAtlantic Permanente Research Institute, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Mahesh Padmanaban
- Department of Neurology, University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | - David G Standaert
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Abiodun Bello
- University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria
| | - Marissa Dean
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Cyril Erameh
- Irrua Specialist Teaching Hospital, Irrua, Edo State, Nigeria
| | - Inas Elsayed
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Gezira, Wadmadani, 20, Sudan
| | | | - Olaitan Okunoye
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Michael Fawale
- Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - Kimberley J Billingsley
- Center for Alzheimer’s and Related Dementias (CARD), National Institute on Aging and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA, 20814
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Pilar Alvarez Jerez
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 3BG, UK
- Center for Alzheimer’s and Related Dementias (CARD), National Institute on Aging and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA, 20814
| | | | - Breeana Baker
- Center for Alzheimer’s and Related Dementias (CARD), National Institute on Aging and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA, 20814
| | | | - Laksh Malik
- Center for Alzheimer’s and Related Dementias (CARD), National Institute on Aging and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA, 20814
| | - Paul Nwani
- Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, Nnewi, Anambra State, Nigeria
| | - Kensuke Daida
- Center for Alzheimer’s and Related Dementias (CARD), National Institute on Aging and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA, 20814
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ernest Nwazor
- Rivers State University Teaching Hospital, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria
| | - Abigail Miano-Burkhardt
- Center for Alzheimer’s and Related Dementias (CARD), National Institute on Aging and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA, 20814
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Yakub Nyandaiti
- University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital, Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria
| | - Zih-Hua Fang
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Yahaya Obiabo
- Federal University of Health Sciences, Otukpo, Benue State, Nigeria
| | - Jillian H. Kluss
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Dena Hernandez
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Nahid Tayebi
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Francis Ojini
- College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Idi Araba, Lagos State, Nigeria
| | - Ellen Sidranksy
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Andrea M. D’Souza
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Bahafta Berhe
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Xylena Reed
- Center for Alzheimer’s and Related Dementias (CARD), National Institute on Aging and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA, 20814
| | | | - Hampton Leonard
- Center for Alzheimer’s and Related Dementias (CARD), National Institute on Aging and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA, 20814
- Data Tecnica International, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | - Chelsea X Alvarado
- Center for Alzheimer’s and Related Dementias (CARD), National Institute on Aging and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA, 20814
- Data Tecnica International, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | - Simon Ozomma
- University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria
| | - Sarah Samuel
- University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital, Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria
| | | | - Kolawole Wahab
- University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria
- University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria
| | - Yusuf Zubair
- National Hospital, Abuja, Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria
| | - Hirotaka Iwaki
- Center for Alzheimer’s and Related Dementias (CARD), National Institute on Aging and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA, 20814
- Data Tecnica International, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Jonggeol Jeffrey Kim
- Center for Alzheimer’s and Related Dementias (CARD), National Institute on Aging and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA, 20814
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Huw R Morris
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 3BG, UK
- UCL Movement Disorders Centre, University College London, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - John Hardy
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Mike Nalls
- Data Tecnica International, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | | | | | - Cornelis Blauwendraat
- Center for Alzheimer’s and Related Dementias (CARD), National Institute on Aging and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA, 20814
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Henry Houlden
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Andrew Singleton
- Center for Alzheimer’s and Related Dementias (CARD), National Institute on Aging and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA, 20814
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Njideka Okubadejo
- College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Idi Araba, Lagos State, Nigeria
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9
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Pitz V, Makarious M, Bandrés-Ciga S, Iwaki H, Singleton A, Nalls M, Heilbron K, Blauwendraat C. Analysis of rare Parkinson's disease variants in millions of people. Res Sq 2023:rs.3.rs-2743857. [PMID: 37090536 PMCID: PMC10120789 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2743857/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
Objective Although many rare variants have been reportedly associated with Parkinson's disease (PD), many have not been replicated or have failed to replicate. Here, we conduct a large-scale replication of rare PD variants. Methods We assessed a total of 27,590 PD cases, 6,701 PD proxies, and 3,106,080 controls from three data sets: 23andMe, Inc., UK Biobank, and AMP-PD. Based on well-known PD genes, 834 variants of interest were selected from the ClinVar annotated 23andMe dataset. We performed a meta-analysis using summary statistics of all three studies. Results The meta-analysis resulted in 11 significant variants after Bonferroni correction, including variants in GBA1 and LRRK2. At least 9 previously reported pathogenic or risk variants for PD did not pass Bonferroni correction in this analysis. Conclusions Here, we provide the largest rare variant meta-analysis to date, providing thorough information of variants confirmed, newly identified, or rebutted for their association with PD.
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10
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Krohn L, Heilbron K, Blauwendraat C, Reynolds RH, Yu E, Senkevich K, Rudakou U, Estiar MA, Gustavsson EK, Brolin K, Ruskey JA, Freeman K, Asayesh F, Chia R, Arnulf I, Hu MTM, Montplaisir JY, Gagnon JF, Desautels A, Dauvilliers Y, Gigli GL, Valente M, Janes F, Bernardini A, Högl B, Stefani A, Ibrahim A, Šonka K, Kemlink D, Oertel W, Janzen A, Plazzi G, Biscarini F, Antelmi E, Figorilli M, Puligheddu M, Mollenhauer B, Trenkwalder C, Sixel-Döring F, Cochen De Cock V, Monaca CC, Heidbreder A, Ferini-Strambi L, Dijkstra F, Viaene M, Abril B, Boeve BF, Scholz SW, Ryten M, Bandres-Ciga S, Noyce A, Cannon P, Pihlstrøm L, Nalls MA, Singleton AB, Rouleau GA, Postuma RB, Gan-Or Z. Genome-wide association study of REM sleep behavior disorder identifies polygenic risk and brain expression effects. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7496. [PMID: 36470867 PMCID: PMC9722930 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34732-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Rapid-eye movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder (RBD), enactment of dreams during REM sleep, is an early clinical symptom of alpha-synucleinopathies and defines a more severe subtype. The genetic background of RBD and its underlying mechanisms are not well understood. Here, we perform a genome-wide association study of RBD, identifying five RBD risk loci near SNCA, GBA, TMEM175, INPP5F, and SCARB2. Expression analyses highlight SNCA-AS1 and potentially SCARB2 differential expression in different brain regions in RBD, with SNCA-AS1 further supported by colocalization analyses. Polygenic risk score, pathway analysis, and genetic correlations provide further insights into RBD genetics, highlighting RBD as a unique alpha-synucleinopathy subpopulation that will allow future early intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynne Krohn
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- The Neuro (Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital), McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Cornelis Blauwendraat
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Regina H Reynolds
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
- Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, Genetics and Genomic Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - Eric Yu
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- The Neuro (Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital), McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Konstantin Senkevich
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- The Neuro (Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital), McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Uladzislau Rudakou
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- The Neuro (Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital), McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Mehrdad A Estiar
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- The Neuro (Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital), McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Emil K Gustavsson
- Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, Genetics and Genomic Medicine, University College London, London, UK
- NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre, University College London, London, UK
| | - Kajsa Brolin
- Lund University, Translational Neurogenetics Unit, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund, Sweden
| | - Jennifer A Ruskey
- The Neuro (Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital), McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Kathryn Freeman
- The Neuro (Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital), McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Farnaz Asayesh
- The Neuro (Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital), McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Ruth Chia
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Isabelle Arnulf
- Sleep Disorders Unit, Pitié Salpêtrière Hospital, APHP-Sorbonne, Paris Brain Insitute and Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | - Michele T M Hu
- Oxford Parkinson's Disease Centre (OPDC), University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jacques Y Montplaisir
- Centre d'Études Avancées en Médecine du Sommeil, Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Jean-François Gagnon
- Centre d'Études Avancées en Médecine du Sommeil, Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Alex Desautels
- Centre d'Études Avancées en Médecine du Sommeil, Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Neurosciences, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Yves Dauvilliers
- National Reference Center for Narcolepsy, Sleep Unit, Department of Neurology, Gui-de-Chauliac Hospital, CHU Montpellier, University of Montpellier, Institute Neuroscience Montpellier Inserm, Montpellier, France
| | - Gian Luigi Gigli
- Clinical Neurology Unit, Department of Neurosciences, University Hospital of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Mariarosaria Valente
- Clinical Neurology Unit, Department of Neurosciences, University Hospital of Udine, Udine, Italy
- Department of Medicine (DAME), University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Francesco Janes
- Clinical Neurology Unit, Department of Neurosciences, University Hospital of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Andrea Bernardini
- Clinical Neurology Unit, Department of Neurosciences, University Hospital of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Birgit Högl
- Sleep Disorders Clinic, Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Ambra Stefani
- Sleep Disorders Clinic, Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Abubaker Ibrahim
- Sleep Disorders Clinic, Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Karel Šonka
- Department of Neurology and Centre of Clinical Neuroscience, Charles University, First Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - David Kemlink
- Department of Neurology and Centre of Clinical Neuroscience, Charles University, First Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Wolfgang Oertel
- Department of Neurology, Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Annette Janzen
- Department of Neurology, Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Giuseppe Plazzi
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio-Emilia, Modena, Italy
- IRCCS, Institute of Neurological Sciences of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesco Biscarini
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Elena Antelmi
- IRCCS, Institute of Neurological Sciences of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Michela Figorilli
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, Sleep Disorder Research Center, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Monica Puligheddu
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, Sleep Disorder Research Center, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Brit Mollenhauer
- Paracelsus-Elena-Klinik, Kassel, Germany
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Centre Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Claudia Trenkwalder
- Paracelsus-Elena-Klinik, Kassel, Germany
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Centre Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Friederike Sixel-Döring
- Department of Neurology, Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany
- Paracelsus-Elena-Klinik, Kassel, Germany
| | - Valérie Cochen De Cock
- Sleep and Neurology Unit, Beau Soleil Clinic, Montpellier, France
- EuroMov Digital Health in Motion, University of Montpellier IMT Mines Ales, Montpellier, France
| | - Christelle Charley Monaca
- University Lille North of France, Department of Clinical Neurophysiology and Sleep Center, CHU Lille, Lille, France
| | - Anna Heidbreder
- Institute of Sleep Medicine and Neuromuscular Disorders, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Luigi Ferini-Strambi
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Femke Dijkstra
- Laboratory for Sleep Disorders, St. Dimpna Regional Hospital, Geel, Belgium
- Department of Neurology, St. Dimpna Regional Hospital, Geel, Belgium
- Department of Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Mineke Viaene
- Laboratory for Sleep Disorders, St. Dimpna Regional Hospital, Geel, Belgium
- Department of Neurology, St. Dimpna Regional Hospital, Geel, Belgium
| | - Beatriz Abril
- Sleep disorder Unit, Carémeau Hospital, University Hospital of Nîmes, Nîmes, France
| | | | | | - Sonja W Scholz
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Unit, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mina Ryten
- Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, Genetics and Genomic Medicine, University College London, London, UK
- NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre, University College London, London, UK
| | - Sara Bandres-Ciga
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Alastair Noyce
- Preventive Neurology Unit, Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, University College London, Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | | | - Lasse Pihlstrøm
- Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Mike A Nalls
- Data Tecnica International, Glen Echo, MD, USA
- Center for Alzheimer's and Related Dementias, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Andrew B Singleton
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Center for Alzheimer's and Related Dementias, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Guy A Rouleau
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- The Neuro (Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital), McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Ronald B Postuma
- The Neuro (Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital), McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Ziv Gan-Or
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada.
- The Neuro (Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital), McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada.
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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11
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Wightman DP, Jansen IE, Savage JE, Shadrin AA, Bahrami S, Holland D, Rongve A, Børte S, Winsvold BS, Drange OK, Martinsen AE, Skogholt AH, Willer C, Bråthen G, Bosnes I, Nielsen JB, Fritsche LG, Thomas LF, Pedersen LM, Gabrielsen ME, Johnsen MB, Meisingset TW, Zhou W, Proitsi P, Hodges A, Dobson R, Velayudhan L, Heilbron K, Auton A, Sealock JM, Davis LK, Pedersen NL, Reynolds CA, Karlsson IK, Magnusson S, Stefansson H, Thordardottir S, Jonsson PV, Snaedal J, Zettergren A, Skoog I, Kern S, Waern M, Zetterberg H, Blennow K, Stordal E, Hveem K, Zwart JA, Athanasiu L, Selnes P, Saltvedt I, Sando SB, Ulstein I, Djurovic S, Fladby T, Aarsland D, Selbæk G, Ripke S, Stefansson K, Andreassen OA, Posthuma D. Author Correction: A genome-wide association study with 1,126,563 individuals identifies new risk loci for Alzheimer's disease. Nat Genet 2022; 54:1062. [PMID: 35726068 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-022-01126-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Douglas P Wightman
- Department of Complex Trait Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Iris E Jansen
- Department of Complex Trait Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jeanne E Savage
- Department of Complex Trait Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Alexey A Shadrin
- NORMENT Centre, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Shahram Bahrami
- NORMENT Centre, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Dominic Holland
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Arvid Rongve
- Department of Research and Innovation, Helse Fonna, Haugesund Hospital, Haugesund, Norway.,The University of Bergen, Institute of Clinical Medicine (K1), Bergen, Norway
| | - Sigrid Børte
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Research and Communication Unit for Musculoskeletal Health (FORMI), Department of Research, Innovation and Education, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,K. G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Bendik S Winsvold
- K. G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Research, Innovation and Education, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ole Kristian Drange
- Department of Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Division of Mental Health Care, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Amy E Martinsen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,K. G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Research, Innovation and Education, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anne Heidi Skogholt
- K. G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Cristen Willer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Geir Bråthen
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, University Hospital of Trondheim, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Geriatrics, St. Olav's Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Ingunn Bosnes
- Department of Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Namsos, Nord-Trøndelag Health Trust, Namsos, Norway
| | - Jonas Bille Nielsen
- K. G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lars G Fritsche
- Center for Statistical Genetics, Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Laurent F Thomas
- K. G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Linda M Pedersen
- Department of Research, Innovation and Education, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Maiken E Gabrielsen
- K. G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Marianne Bakke Johnsen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Research and Communication Unit for Musculoskeletal Health (FORMI), Department of Research, Innovation and Education, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,K. G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Tore Wergeland Meisingset
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, University Hospital of Trondheim, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Wei Zhou
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Petroula Proitsi
- Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neurosciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Angela Hodges
- Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neurosciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Richard Dobson
- Department of Biostatistics and Health Informatics, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King's College London, London, UK.,NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, UK.,Health Data Research UK London, University College London, London, UK.,Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, UK.,NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Latha Velayudhan
- Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neurosciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | | | | | | | - Julia M Sealock
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville, Nashville, TN, USA.,Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Lea K Davis
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville, Nashville, TN, USA.,Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Nancy L Pedersen
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Chandra A Reynolds
- Department of Psychology, University of California-Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Ida K Karlsson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Institute of Gerontology and Aging Research Network - Jönköping (ARN-J), School of Health and Welfare, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden
| | | | | | | | - Palmi V Jonsson
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Jon Snaedal
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Anna Zettergren
- Neuropsychiatric Epidemiology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy, Centre for Ageing and Health (AGECAP) at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ingmar Skoog
- Neuropsychiatric Epidemiology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy, Centre for Ageing and Health (AGECAP) at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Psychiatry, Cognition and Old Age Psychiatry Clinic, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Silke Kern
- Neuropsychiatric Epidemiology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy, Centre for Ageing and Health (AGECAP) at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Psychiatry, Cognition and Old Age Psychiatry Clinic, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Margda Waern
- Neuropsychiatric Epidemiology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy, Centre for Ageing and Health (AGECAP) at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Psychosis Clinic, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK.,UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, UK.,Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden.,Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden.,Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Eystein Stordal
- Department of Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Namsos, Nord-Trøndelag Health Trust, Namsos, Norway
| | - Kristian Hveem
- K. G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,HUNT Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - John-Anker Zwart
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,K. G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Research, Innovation and Education, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lavinia Athanasiu
- NORMENT Centre, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Per Selnes
- Department of Neurology, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Ingvild Saltvedt
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Geriatrics, St. Olav's Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Sigrid B Sando
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, University Hospital of Trondheim, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Ingun Ulstein
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Srdjan Djurovic
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,NORMENT, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Tormod Fladby
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Neurology, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Dag Aarsland
- Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neurosciences, King's College London, London, UK.,Centre of Age-Related Medicine, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Geir Selbæk
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Geriatric Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Ageing and Health, Vestfold Hospital Trust, Tønsberg, Norway
| | - Stephan Ripke
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Ole A Andreassen
- NORMENT Centre, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Danielle Posthuma
- Department of Complex Trait Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands. .,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Pediatric Psychology, Section Complex Trait Genetics, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Medical Center, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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12
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Jensen M, Heilbron K, Bandres-Ciga S, Fontanillas P, Blauwendraat C, Nalls M, Singleton A, Smith GD, Cannon P, Noyce A. Unhealthy traits and risk of Parkinson’s disease: a mendelian randomisation study. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2022. [DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2022-abn.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
IntroductionObservational studies have flagged smoking, alcohol and high body mass index (BMI) as potential protective factors against Parkinson’s disease (PD), however it is unclear whether such asso- ciations are causal. Mendelian randomisation (MR) uses gene variants to explore causal trait-outcome effects, minimising bias from observational studies. Using MR, we sought to determine the causal relation- ship between unhealthy traits (tobacco smoking, alcohol intake, and high BMI) and PD risk.MethodsWe used genome-wide association studies to find single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with each trait. Using split-sample MR, we used inverse weighted (IVW) methods to determine the effect of traits on PD. We used MR-Egger and weighted mean methods to check for bias in IVW analyses.ResultsEver-smoking and high BMI causally reduced PD risk (OR 0.96 95%CI 0.92–0.99 p=0.01; OR 0.99 95%CI 0.98–1.00 per 1 kg/m2 p=0.01, respectively). Alcohol causally increased PD risk (OR 1.13 95%CI 1.03–1.24 p=0.01). Sensitivity analyses did not reveal bias from pleiotropy or invalid instruments.ConclusionsMR analysis in over 2.4 million participants showed a protective effect of smoking on PD; war- ranting prioritisation of related therapeutic targets in clinical trials. Conversely, alcohol causally increased PD risk. Higher BMI protected against PD, but the effect was marginal.m.jensen@cantab.net
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13
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Liao C, Castonguay CE, Heilbron K, Vuokila V, Medeiros M, Houle G, Akçimen F, Ross JP, Catoire H, Diez-Fairen M, Kang J, Mueller SH, Girard SL, Hopfner F, Lorenz D, Clark LN, Soto-Beasley AI, Klebe S, Hallett M, Wszolek ZK, Pendziwiat M, Lorenzo-Betancor O, Seppi K, Berg D, Vilariño-Güell C, Postuma RB, Bernard G, Dupré N, Jankovic J, Testa CM, Ross OA, Arzberger T, Chouinard S, Louis ED, Mandich P, Vitale C, Barone P, García-Martín E, Alonso-Navarro H, Agúndez JAG, Jiménez-Jiménez FJ, Pastor P, Rajput A, Deuschl G, Kuhlenbaümer G, Meijer IA, Dion PA, Rouleau GA. Association of Essential Tremor With Novel Risk Loci: A Genome-Wide Association Study and Meta-analysis. JAMA Neurol 2022; 79:185-193. [PMID: 34982113 PMCID: PMC8728658 DOI: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2021.4781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Question Can common genetic variants associated with essential tremor (ET) be identified? Findings In this genome-wide association study and meta-analysis including genetic data on 483 054 individuals, 5 genome-wide significant loci were associated with risk of ET and common variants were associated with approximately 18% of ET heritability. Meaning Findings of this study may help identify new genes and inform ET biology. Importance Essential tremor (ET) is one of the most common movement disorders, affecting 5% of the general population older than 65 years. Common variants are thought to contribute toward susceptibility to ET, but no variants have been robustly identified. Objective To identify common genetic factors associated with risk of ET. Design, Setting, and Participants Case-control genome-wide association study. Inverse-variance meta-analysis was used to combine cohorts. Multicenter samples collected from European populations were collected from January 2010 to September 2019 as part of an ongoing study. Included patients were clinically diagnosed with or reported having ET. Control individuals were not diagnosed with or reported to have ET. Of 485 250 individuals, data for 483 054 passed data quality control and were used. Main Outcomes and Measures Genotypes of common variants associated with risk of ET. Results Of the 483 054 individuals included, there were 7177 with ET (3693 [51.46%] female; mean [SD] age, 62.66 [15.12] years), and 475 877 control individuals (253 785 [53.33%] female; mean [SD] age, 56.40 [17.6] years). Five independent genome-wide significant loci and were identified and were associated with approximately 18% of ET heritability. Functional analyses found significant enrichment in the cerebellar hemisphere, cerebellum, and axonogenesis pathways. Genetic correlation (r), which measures the degree of genetic overlap, revealed significant common variant overlap with Parkinson disease (r, 0.28; P = 2.38 × 10−8) and depression (r, 0.12; P = 9.78 × 10−4). A separate fine-mapping of transcriptome-wide association hits identified genes such as BACE2, LRRN2, DHRS13, and LINC00323 in disease-relevant brain regions, such as the cerebellum. Conclusions and Relevance The results of this genome-wide association study suggest that a portion of ET heritability can be explained by common genetic variation and can help identify new common genetic risk factors for ET.
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Affiliation(s)
- Calwing Liao
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Charles-Etienne Castonguay
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Veikko Vuokila
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Miranda Medeiros
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Gabrielle Houle
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Fulya Akçimen
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jay P Ross
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Helene Catoire
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Monica Diez-Fairen
- Fundació Docència i Recerca Mútua Terrassa, University Hospital Mútua de Terrassa, Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain.,Movement Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Mútua de Terrassa, Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jooeun Kang
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Stefanie H Mueller
- Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Simon L Girard
- Département des Sciences Fondamentales, Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, Saguenay, Quebec, Canada.,Montreal Neurological Institute, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Delia Lorenz
- University Children's Hospital, University of Würzburg, Wurzburg, Germany
| | - Lorraine N Clark
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Taub Institute, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | | | - Stephan Klebe
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Würzburg, Wurzburg, Germany.,Department of Neurology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Mark Hallett
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | - Manuela Pendziwiat
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany.,Department of Neuropediatrics, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Oswaldo Lorenzo-Betancor
- Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, Washington.,Department of Neurology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle
| | - Klaus Seppi
- Department of Neurology, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Daniela Berg
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Carles Vilariño-Güell
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Ronald B Postuma
- Montreal Neurological Institute, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Geneviève Bernard
- Montreal Neurological Institute, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Division of Pediatric Neurology, Departments of Pediatrics, Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Children's Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Child Health and Human Development Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Specialized Medicine, Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Nicolas Dupré
- Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec (l'Enfant-Jésus), Quebec, Canada
| | - Joseph Jankovic
- Parkinson's Disease Center and Movement Disorders Clinic, Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Claudia M Testa
- Parkinson's and Movement Disorders Center, Department of Neurology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond
| | - Owen A Ross
- Departments of Neuroscience and Clinical Genomics, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville
| | - Thomas Arzberger
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany.,Center for Neuropathology and Prion Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Sylvain Chouinard
- Unité des troubles du mouvement André Barbeau, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Elan D Louis
- Department of Neurology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas
| | - Paola Mandich
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics and Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, Genova, Italy.,Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Policlinico, San Martino, Genova, Italy
| | - Carmine Vitale
- Department of Motor Sciences and Wellness, University Parthenope, Naples, Italy
| | - Paolo Barone
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease (CEMAND), Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, Scuola Medica Salernitana, University of Salerno, Baronissi, Salerno, Italy
| | - Elena García-Martín
- University Institute of Molecular Pathology Biomarkers, UNEx, ARADyAL Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Caceres, Spain
| | | | - José A G Agúndez
- University Institute of Molecular Pathology Biomarkers, UNEx, ARADyAL Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Caceres, Spain
| | | | - Pau Pastor
- Fundació Docència i Recerca Mútua Terrassa, University Hospital Mútua de Terrassa, Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alex Rajput
- University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon Health Authority, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Günther Deuschl
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Schleswig Holstein, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Gregor Kuhlenbaümer
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Inge A Meijer
- Department of Neuroscience and Pediatrics, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Patrick A Dion
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Guy A Rouleau
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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14
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Wightman DP, Jansen IE, Savage JE, Shadrin AA, Bahrami S, Holland D, Rongve A, Børte S, Winsvold BS, Drange OK, Martinsen AE, Skogholt AH, Willer C, Bråthen G, Bosnes I, Nielsen JB, Fritsche LG, Thomas LF, Pedersen LM, Gabrielsen ME, Johnsen MB, Meisingset TW, Zhou W, Proitsi P, Hodges A, Dobson R, Velayudhan L, Heilbron K, Auton A, Sealock JM, Davis LK, Pedersen NL, Reynolds CA, Karlsson IK, Magnusson S, Stefansson H, Thordardottir S, Jonsson PV, Snaedal J, Zettergren A, Skoog I, Kern S, Waern M, Zetterberg H, Blennow K, Stordal E, Hveem K, Zwart JA, Athanasiu L, Selnes P, Saltvedt I, Sando SB, Ulstein I, Djurovic S, Fladby T, Aarsland D, Selbæk G, Ripke S, Stefansson K, Andreassen OA, Posthuma D. Author Correction: A genome-wide association study with 1,126,563 individuals identifies new risk loci for Alzheimer's disease. Nat Genet 2021; 53:1722. [PMID: 34773122 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-021-00977-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Douglas P Wightman
- Department of Complex Trait Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Iris E Jansen
- Department of Complex Trait Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jeanne E Savage
- Department of Complex Trait Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Alexey A Shadrin
- NORMENT Centre, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Shahram Bahrami
- NORMENT Centre, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Dominic Holland
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Arvid Rongve
- Department of Research and Innovation, Helse Fonna, Haugesund Hospital, Haugesund, Norway.,The University of Bergen, Institute of Clinical Medicine (K1), Bergen, Norway
| | - Sigrid Børte
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Research and Communication Unit for Musculoskeletal Health (FORMI), Department of Research, Innovation and Education, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,K. G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Bendik S Winsvold
- K. G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Research, Innovation and Education, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ole Kristian Drange
- Department of Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Division of Mental Health Care, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Amy E Martinsen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,K. G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Research, Innovation and Education, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anne Heidi Skogholt
- K. G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Cristen Willer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Geir Bråthen
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, University Hospital of Trondheim, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Geriatrics, St. Olav's Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Ingunn Bosnes
- Department of Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Namsos, Nord-Trøndelag Health Trust, Namsos, Norway
| | - Jonas Bille Nielsen
- K. G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lars G Fritsche
- Center for Statistical Genetics, Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Laurent F Thomas
- K. G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Linda M Pedersen
- Department of Research, Innovation and Education, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Maiken E Gabrielsen
- K. G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Marianne Bakke Johnsen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Research and Communication Unit for Musculoskeletal Health (FORMI), Department of Research, Innovation and Education, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,K. G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Tore Wergeland Meisingset
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, University Hospital of Trondheim, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Wei Zhou
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Petroula Proitsi
- Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neurosciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Angela Hodges
- Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neurosciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Richard Dobson
- Department of Biostatistics and Health Informatics, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King's College London, London, UK.,NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, UK.,Health Data Research UK London, University College London, London, UK.,Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, UK.,NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Latha Velayudhan
- Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neurosciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | | | | | | | - Julia M Sealock
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville, Nashville, TN, USA.,Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Lea K Davis
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville, Nashville, TN, USA.,Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Nancy L Pedersen
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Chandra A Reynolds
- Department of Psychology, University of California-Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Ida K Karlsson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Institute of Gerontology and Aging Research Network - Jönköping (ARN-J), School of Health and Welfare, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden
| | | | | | | | - Palmi V Jonsson
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Jon Snaedal
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Anna Zettergren
- Neuropsychiatric Epidemiology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy, Centre for Ageing and Health (AGECAP) at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ingmar Skoog
- Neuropsychiatric Epidemiology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy, Centre for Ageing and Health (AGECAP) at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Psychiatry, Cognition and Old Age Psychiatry Clinic, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Silke Kern
- Neuropsychiatric Epidemiology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy, Centre for Ageing and Health (AGECAP) at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Psychiatry, Cognition and Old Age Psychiatry Clinic, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Margda Waern
- Neuropsychiatric Epidemiology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy, Centre for Ageing and Health (AGECAP) at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Psychosis Clinic, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK.,UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, UK.,Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden.,Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden.,Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Eystein Stordal
- Department of Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Namsos, Nord-Trøndelag Health Trust, Namsos, Norway
| | - Kristian Hveem
- K. G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,HUNT Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - John-Anker Zwart
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,K. G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Research, Innovation and Education, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lavinia Athanasiu
- NORMENT Centre, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Per Selnes
- Department of Neurology, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Ingvild Saltvedt
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Geriatrics, St. Olav's Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Sigrid B Sando
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, University Hospital of Trondheim, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Ingun Ulstein
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Srdjan Djurovic
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,NORMENT, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Tormod Fladby
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Neurology, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Dag Aarsland
- Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neurosciences, King's College London, London, UK.,Centre of Age-Related Medicine, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Geir Selbæk
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Geriatric Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Ageing and Health, Vestfold Hospital Trust, Tønsberg, Norway
| | - Stephan Ripke
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Ole A Andreassen
- NORMENT Centre, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Danielle Posthuma
- Department of Complex Trait Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands. .,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Pediatric Psychology, Section Complex Trait Genetics, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Medical Center, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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15
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Wightman DP, Jansen IE, Savage JE, Shadrin AA, Bahrami S, Holland D, Rongve A, Børte S, Winsvold BS, Drange OK, Martinsen AE, Skogholt AH, Willer C, Bråthen G, Bosnes I, Nielsen JB, Fritsche LG, Thomas LF, Pedersen LM, Gabrielsen ME, Johnsen MB, Meisingset TW, Zhou W, Proitsi P, Hodges A, Dobson R, Velayudhan L, Heilbron K, Auton A, Sealock JM, Davis LK, Pedersen NL, Reynolds CA, Karlsson IK, Magnusson S, Stefansson H, Thordardottir S, Jonsson PV, Snaedal J, Zettergren A, Skoog I, Kern S, Waern M, Zetterberg H, Blennow K, Stordal E, Hveem K, Zwart JA, Athanasiu L, Selnes P, Saltvedt I, Sando SB, Ulstein I, Djurovic S, Fladby T, Aarsland D, Selbæk G, Ripke S, Stefansson K, Andreassen OA, Posthuma D. A genome-wide association study with 1,126,563 individuals identifies new risk loci for Alzheimer's disease. Nat Genet 2021; 53:1276-1282. [PMID: 34493870 PMCID: PMC10243600 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-021-00921-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 348] [Impact Index Per Article: 116.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Late-onset Alzheimer's disease is a prevalent age-related polygenic disease that accounts for 50-70% of dementia cases. Currently, only a fraction of the genetic variants underlying Alzheimer's disease have been identified. Here we show that increased sample sizes allowed identification of seven previously unidentified genetic loci contributing to Alzheimer's disease. This study highlights microglia, immune cells and protein catabolism as relevant to late-onset Alzheimer's disease, while identifying and prioritizing previously unidentified genes of potential interest. We anticipate that these results can be included in larger meta-analyses of Alzheimer's disease to identify further genetic variants that contribute to Alzheimer's pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas P Wightman
- Department of Complex Trait Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Iris E Jansen
- Department of Complex Trait Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jeanne E Savage
- Department of Complex Trait Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Alexey A Shadrin
- NORMENT Centre, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Shahram Bahrami
- NORMENT Centre, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Dominic Holland
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Arvid Rongve
- Department of Research and Innovation, Helse Fonna, Haugesund Hospital, Haugesund, Norway
- The University of Bergen, Institute of Clinical Medicine (K1), Bergen, Norway
| | - Sigrid Børte
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Research and Communication Unit for Musculoskeletal Health (FORMI), Department of Research, Innovation and Education, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- K. G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Bendik S Winsvold
- K. G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Research, Innovation and Education, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ole Kristian Drange
- Department of Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Division of Mental Health Care, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Amy E Martinsen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- K. G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Research, Innovation and Education, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anne Heidi Skogholt
- K. G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Cristen Willer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Geir Bråthen
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, University Hospital of Trondheim, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Geriatrics, St. Olav's Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Ingunn Bosnes
- Department of Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Namsos, Nord-Trøndelag Health Trust, Namsos, Norway
| | - Jonas Bille Nielsen
- K. G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lars G Fritsche
- Center for Statistical Genetics, Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Laurent F Thomas
- K. G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Linda M Pedersen
- Department of Research, Innovation and Education, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Maiken E Gabrielsen
- K. G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Marianne Bakke Johnsen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Research and Communication Unit for Musculoskeletal Health (FORMI), Department of Research, Innovation and Education, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- K. G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Tore Wergeland Meisingset
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, University Hospital of Trondheim, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Wei Zhou
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Petroula Proitsi
- Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neurosciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Angela Hodges
- Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neurosciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Richard Dobson
- Department of Biostatistics and Health Informatics, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King's College London, London, UK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, UK
- Health Data Research UK London, University College London, London, UK
- Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, UK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Latha Velayudhan
- Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neurosciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | | | | | - Julia M Sealock
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Lea K Davis
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Nancy L Pedersen
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Chandra A Reynolds
- Department of Psychology, University of California-Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Ida K Karlsson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Institute of Gerontology and Aging Research Network - Jönköping (ARN-J), School of Health and Welfare, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden
| | | | | | | | - Palmi V Jonsson
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Jon Snaedal
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Anna Zettergren
- Neuropsychiatric Epidemiology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy, Centre for Ageing and Health (AGECAP) at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ingmar Skoog
- Neuropsychiatric Epidemiology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy, Centre for Ageing and Health (AGECAP) at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Psychiatry, Cognition and Old Age Psychiatry Clinic, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Silke Kern
- Neuropsychiatric Epidemiology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy, Centre for Ageing and Health (AGECAP) at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Psychiatry, Cognition and Old Age Psychiatry Clinic, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Margda Waern
- Neuropsychiatric Epidemiology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy, Centre for Ageing and Health (AGECAP) at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Psychosis Clinic, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, UK
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Eystein Stordal
- Department of Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Namsos, Nord-Trøndelag Health Trust, Namsos, Norway
| | - Kristian Hveem
- K. G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- HUNT Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - John-Anker Zwart
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- K. G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Research, Innovation and Education, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lavinia Athanasiu
- NORMENT Centre, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Per Selnes
- Department of Neurology, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Ingvild Saltvedt
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Geriatrics, St. Olav's Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Sigrid B Sando
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, University Hospital of Trondheim, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Ingun Ulstein
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Srdjan Djurovic
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- NORMENT, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Tormod Fladby
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Neurology, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Dag Aarsland
- Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neurosciences, King's College London, London, UK
- Centre of Age-Related Medicine, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Geir Selbæk
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Ageing and Health, Vestfold Hospital Trust, Tønsberg, Norway
| | - Stephan Ripke
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Ole A Andreassen
- NORMENT Centre, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Danielle Posthuma
- Department of Complex Trait Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Pediatric Psychology, Section Complex Trait Genetics, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Medical Center, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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16
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Loesch DP, Horimoto ARVR, Heilbron K, Sarihan EI, Inca-Martinez M, Mason E, Cornejo-Olivas M, Torres L, Mazzetti P, Cosentino C, Sarapura-Castro E, Rivera-Valdivia A, Medina AC, Dieguez E, Raggio V, Lescano A, Tumas V, Borges V, Ferraz HB, Rieder CR, Schumacher-Schuh A, Santos-Lobato BL, Velez-Pardo C, Jimenez-Del-Rio M, Lopera F, Moreno S, Chana-Cuevas P, Fernandez W, Arboleda G, Arboleda H, Arboleda-Bustos CE, Yearout D, Zabetian CP, Cannon P, Thornton TA, O'Connor TD, Mata IF. Characterizing the Genetic Architecture of Parkinson's Disease in Latinos. Ann Neurol 2021; 90:353-365. [PMID: 34227697 DOI: 10.1002/ana.26153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This work was undertaken in order to identify Parkinson's disease (PD) risk variants in a Latino cohort, to describe the overlap in the genetic architecture of PD in Latinos compared to European-ancestry subjects, and to increase the diversity in PD genome-wide association (GWAS) data. METHODS We genotyped and imputed 1,497 PD cases and controls recruited from nine clinical sites across South America. We performed a GWAS using logistic mixed models; variants with a p-value <1 × 10-5 were tested in a replication cohort of 1,234 self-reported Latino PD cases and 439,522 Latino controls from 23andMe, Inc. We also performed an admixture mapping analysis where local ancestry blocks were tested for association with PD status. RESULTS One locus, SNCA, achieved genome-wide significance (p-value <5 × 10-8 ); rs356182 achieved genome-wide significance in both the discovery and the replication cohorts (discovery, G allele: 1.58 OR, 95% CI 1.35-1.86, p-value 2.48 × 10-8 ; 23andMe, G allele: 1.26 OR, 95% CI 1.16-1.37, p-value 4.55 × 10-8 ). In our admixture mapping analysis, a locus on chromosome 14, containing the gene STXBP6, achieved significance in a joint test of ancestries and in the Native American single-ancestry test (p-value <5 × 10-5 ). A second locus on chromosome 6, containing the gene RPS6KA2, achieved significance in the African single-ancestry test (p-value <5 × 10-5 ). INTERPRETATION This study demonstrated the importance of the SNCA locus for the etiology of PD in Latinos. By leveraging the demographic history of our cohort via admixture mapping, we identified two potential PD risk loci that merit further study. ANN NEUROL 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas P Loesch
- Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD.,Program in Personalized and Genomic Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD.,Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | | | | | - Elif I Sarihan
- Lerner Research Institute, Genomic Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | | | - Emily Mason
- Lerner Research Institute, Genomic Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - Mario Cornejo-Olivas
- Neurogenetics Research Center, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Neurologicas, Lima, Peru.,Center for Global Health, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Luis Torres
- Movement Disorders Unit, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Neurologicas, Lima, Peru.,School of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru
| | - Pilar Mazzetti
- Neurogenetics Research Center, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Neurologicas, Lima, Peru.,School of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru
| | - Carlos Cosentino
- Movement Disorders Unit, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Neurologicas, Lima, Peru.,School of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru
| | | | | | | | - Elena Dieguez
- Neurology Institute, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Victor Raggio
- Department of Genetics, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Andres Lescano
- Neurology Institute, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Vitor Tumas
- Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Vanderci Borges
- Movement Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Henrique B Ferraz
- Movement Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carlos R Rieder
- Departamento de Neurologia, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Artur Schumacher-Schuh
- Serviço de Neurologia, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Departamento de Farmacologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | - Carlos Velez-Pardo
- Neuroscience Research Group, Medical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Antioquia (UdeA), Medellín, Colombia
| | - Marlene Jimenez-Del-Rio
- Neuroscience Research Group, Medical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Antioquia (UdeA), Medellín, Colombia
| | - Francisco Lopera
- Neuroscience Research Group, Medical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Antioquia (UdeA), Medellín, Colombia
| | - Sonia Moreno
- Neuroscience Research Group, Medical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Antioquia (UdeA), Medellín, Colombia
| | - Pedro Chana-Cuevas
- CETRAM, Facultad de ciencias Medicas, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - William Fernandez
- Neuroscience and Cell Death Research Groups, Medical School and Genetic Institute, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Gonzalo Arboleda
- Neuroscience and Cell Death Research Groups, Medical School and Genetic Institute, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Humberto Arboleda
- Neuroscience and Cell Death Research Groups, Medical School and Genetic Institute, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Carlos E Arboleda-Bustos
- Neuroscience and Cell Death Research Groups, Medical School and Genetic Institute, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Dora Yearout
- Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA.,Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Cyrus P Zabetian
- Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA.,Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | | | | | | | - Timothy D O'Connor
- Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD.,Program in Personalized and Genomic Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD.,Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Ignacio F Mata
- Lerner Research Institute, Genomic Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH.,Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA.,Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
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17
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Heilbron K, Mozaffari SV, Vacic V, Yue P, Wang W, Shi J, Jubb AM, Pitts SJ, Wang X. Advancing drug discovery using the power of the human genome. J Pathol 2021; 254:418-429. [PMID: 33748968 PMCID: PMC8251523 DOI: 10.1002/path.5664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Human genetics plays an increasingly important role in drug development and population health. Here we review the history of human genetics in the context of accelerating the discovery of therapies, present examples of how human genetics evidence supports successful drug targets, and discuss how polygenic risk scores could be beneficial in various clinical settings. We highlight the value of direct-to-consumer platforms in the era of fast-paced big data biotechnology, and how diverse genetic and health data can benefit society. © 2021 23andMe, Inc. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
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18
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Heilbron K, Jensen MP, Bandres-Ciga S, Fontanillas P, Blauwendraat C, Nalls MA, Singleton AB, Smith GD, Cannon P, Noyce AJ. Unhealthy Behaviours and Risk of Parkinson's Disease: A Mendelian Randomisation Study. J Parkinsons Dis 2021; 11:1981-1993. [PMID: 34275906 PMCID: PMC8609708 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-202487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tobacco smoking and alcohol intake have been identified in observational studies as potentially protective factors against developing Parkinson's disease (PD); the impact of body mass index (BMI) on PD risk is debated. Whether such epidemiological associations are causal remains unclear. Mendelian randomsation (MR) uses genetic variants to explore the effects of exposures on outcomes; potentially reducing bias from residual confounding and reverse causation. OBJECTIVE Using MR, we examined relationships between PD risk and three unhealthy behaviours: tobacco smoking, alcohol intake, and higher BMI. METHODS 19,924 PD cases and 2,413,087 controls were included in the analysis. We performed genome-wide association studies to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with tobacco smoking, alcohol intake, and BMI. MR analysis of the relationship between each exposure and PD was undertaken using a split-sample design. RESULTS Ever-smoking reduced the risk of PD (OR 0.955; 95%confidence interval [CI] 0.921-0.991; p = 0.013). Higher daily alcohol intake increased the risk of PD (OR 1.125, 95%CI 1.025-1.235; p = 0.013) and a 1 kg/m2 higher BMI reduced the risk of PD (OR 0.988, 95%CI 0.979-0.997; p = 0.008). Sensitivity analyses did not suggest bias from horizontal pleiotropy or invalid instruments. CONCLUSION Using split-sample MR in over 2.4 million participants, we observed a protective effect of smoking on risk of PD. In contrast to observational data, alcohol consumption appeared to increase the risk of PD. Higher BMI had a protective effect on PD, but the effect was small.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Melanie P. Jensen
- Preventive Neurology Unit, Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- Department of Cellular Pathology, Northwest London Pathology, Charing Cross Hospital, London, UK
| | - Sara Bandres-Ciga
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Cornelis Blauwendraat
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mike A. Nalls
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Data Tecnica International, Glen Echo, MD, USA
| | - Andrew B. Singleton
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - George Davey Smith
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK, UK
| | | | - Alastair J. Noyce
- Preventive Neurology Unit, Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - The 23andMe Research Team
- 23andMe, Inc., Sunnyvale, CA, USA
- Preventive Neurology Unit, Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- Department of Cellular Pathology, Northwest London Pathology, Charing Cross Hospital, London, UK
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Data Tecnica International, Glen Echo, MD, USA
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK, UK
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
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19
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Jacobs BM, Belete D, Bestwick J, Blauwendraat C, Bandres-Ciga S, Heilbron K, Dobson R, Nalls MA, Singleton A, Hardy J, Giovannoni G, Lees AJ, Schrag AE, Noyce AJ. Parkinson's disease determinants, prediction and gene-environment interactions in the UK Biobank. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2020; 91:1046-1054. [PMID: 32934108 PMCID: PMC7509524 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2020-323646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To systematically investigate the association of environmental risk factors and prodromal features with incident Parkinson's disease (PD) diagnosis and the interaction of genetic risk with these factors. To evaluate whether existing risk prediction algorithms are improved by the inclusion of genetic risk scores. METHODS We identified individuals with an incident diagnosis of PD (n=1276) and controls (n=500 406) in UK Biobank. We determined the association of risk factors with incident PD using adjusted logistic regression models. We constructed polygenic risk scores (PRSs) using external weights and selected the best PRS from a subset of the cohort (30%). The PRS was used in a separate testing set (70%) to examine gene-environment interactions and compare predictive models for PD. RESULTS Strong evidence of association (false discovery rate <0.05) was found between PD and a positive family history of PD, a positive family history of dementia, non-smoking, low alcohol consumption, depression, daytime somnolence, epilepsy and earlier menarche. Individuals with the highest 10% of PRSs had increased risk of PD (OR 3.37, 95% CI 2.41 to 4.70) compared with the lowest risk decile. A higher PRS was associated with earlier age at PD diagnosis and inclusion of the PRS in the PREDICT-PD algorithm led to a modest improvement in model performance. We found evidence of an interaction between the PRS and diabetes. INTERPRETATION Here, we used UK Biobank data to reproduce several well-known associations with PD, to demonstrate the validity of a PRS and to demonstrate a novel gene-environment interaction, whereby the effect of diabetes on PD risk appears to depend on background genetic risk for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Meir Jacobs
- Preventive Neurology Unit, Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, UK
| | - Daniel Belete
- Preventive Neurology Unit, Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, UK
| | - Jonathan Bestwick
- Preventive Neurology Unit, Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, UK
| | - Cornelis Blauwendraat
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Sara Bandres-Ciga
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Ruth Dobson
- Preventive Neurology Unit, Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, UK
| | - Mike A Nalls
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Andrew Singleton
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - John Hardy
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Gavin Giovannoni
- Preventive Neurology Unit, Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, UK.,Centre for Neuroscience and Trauma, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Blizard Institute, London, UK
| | - Andrew John Lees
- Reta Lila Weston Institute of Neurological Studies and Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Anette-Eleonore Schrag
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Alastair J Noyce
- Preventive Neurology Unit, Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, UK .,Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
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20
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Williams DM, Bandres-Ciga S, Heilbron K, Hinds D, Noyce AJ. Evaluating Lipid-Lowering Drug Targets for Parkinson's Disease Prevention with Mendelian Randomization. Ann Neurol 2020; 88:1043-1047. [PMID: 32841444 PMCID: PMC7693098 DOI: 10.1002/ana.25880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Long‐term exposure to lipid‐lowering drugs might affect Parkinson's disease (PD) risk. We conducted Mendelian randomization analyses where genetic variants indexed expected effects of modulating lipid‐lowering drug targets on PD. Statin exposure was not predicted to increase PD risk, although results were not precise enough to support benefits for prevention clearly (odds ratio [OR] = 0.83; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.65, 1.07). Other target results were null, except for variants indicating Apolipoprotein‐A5 or Apolipoprotein‐C3 inhibition might confer protection. These findings suggest peripheral lipid variation may not have a prominent role in PD etiology, but some related drug targets could influence PD via alternate pathways. ANN NEUROL 2020;88:1043–1047
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan M Williams
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing at UCL, University College London, London, UK.,Department of Medical Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sara Bandres-Ciga
- Molecular Genetics Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.,Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | | | | | - Alastair J Noyce
- Preventive Neurology Unit, Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.,Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
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- 23andMe, Inc, Sunnyvale, CA, USA
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21
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Blauwendraat C, Reed X, Krohn L, Heilbron K, Bandres-Ciga S, Tan M, Gibbs JR, Hernandez DG, Kumaran R, Langston R, Bonet-Ponce L, Alcalay RN, Hassin-Baer S, Greenbaum L, Iwaki H, Leonard HL, Grenn FP, Ruskey JA, Sabir M, Ahmed S, Makarious MB, Pihlstrøm L, Toft M, van Hilten JJ, Marinus J, Schulte C, Brockmann K, Sharma M, Siitonen A, Majamaa K, Eerola-Rautio J, Tienari PJ, Pantelyat A, Hillis AE, Dawson TM, Rosenthal LS, Albert MS, Resnick SM, Ferrucci L, Morris CM, Pletnikova O, Troncoso J, Grosset D, Lesage S, Corvol JC, Brice A, Noyce AJ, Masliah E, Wood N, Hardy J, Shulman LM, Jankovic J, Shulman JM, Heutink P, Gasser T, Cannon P, Scholz SW, Morris H, Cookson MR, Nalls MA, Gan-Or Z, Singleton AB. Genetic modifiers of risk and age at onset in GBA associated Parkinson's disease and Lewy body dementia. Brain 2020; 143:234-248. [PMID: 31755958 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awz350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Revised: 09/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is a genetically complex disorder. Multiple genes have been shown to contribute to the risk of Parkinson's disease, and currently 90 independent risk variants have been identified by genome-wide association studies. Thus far, a number of genes (including SNCA, LRRK2, and GBA) have been shown to contain variability across a spectrum of frequency and effect, from rare, highly penetrant variants to common risk alleles with small effect sizes. Variants in GBA, encoding the enzyme glucocerebrosidase, are associated with Lewy body diseases such as Parkinson's disease and Lewy body dementia. These variants, which reduce or abolish enzymatic activity, confer a spectrum of disease risk, from 1.4- to >10-fold. An outstanding question in the field is what other genetic factors that influence GBA-associated risk for disease, and whether these overlap with known Parkinson's disease risk variants. Using multiple, large case-control datasets, totalling 217 165 individuals (22 757 Parkinson's disease cases, 13 431 Parkinson's disease proxy cases, 622 Lewy body dementia cases and 180 355 controls), we identified 1691 Parkinson's disease cases, 81 Lewy body dementia cases, 711 proxy cases and 7624 controls with a GBA variant (p.E326K, p.T369M or p.N370S). We performed a genome-wide association study and analysed the most recent Parkinson's disease-associated genetic risk score to detect genetic influences on GBA risk and age at onset. We attempted to replicate our findings in two independent datasets, including the personal genetics company 23andMe, Inc. and whole-genome sequencing data. Our analysis showed that the overall Parkinson's disease genetic risk score modifies risk for disease and decreases age at onset in carriers of GBA variants. Notably, this effect was consistent across all tested GBA risk variants. Dissecting this signal demonstrated that variants in close proximity to SNCA and CTSB (encoding cathepsin B) are the most significant contributors. Risk variants in the CTSB locus were identified to decrease mRNA expression of CTSB. Additional analyses suggest a possible genetic interaction between GBA and CTSB and GBA p.N370S induced pluripotent cell-derived neurons were shown to have decreased cathepsin B expression compared to controls. These data provide a genetic basis for modification of GBA-associated Parkinson's disease risk and age at onset, although the total contribution of common genetics variants is not large. We further demonstrate that common variability at genes implicated in lysosomal function exerts the largest effect on GBA associated risk for disease. Further, these results have implications for selection of GBA carriers for therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelis Blauwendraat
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Xylena Reed
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Lynne Krohn
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Sara Bandres-Ciga
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Manuela Tan
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - J Raphael Gibbs
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Dena G Hernandez
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ravindran Kumaran
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Rebekah Langston
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Luis Bonet-Ponce
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Roy N Alcalay
- Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.,Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sharon Hassin-Baer
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Department of Neurology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel.,Movement Disorders Institute, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel.,The Joseph Sagol Neuroscience Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Lior Greenbaum
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,The Joseph Sagol Neuroscience Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel.,The Danek Gertner Institute of Human Genetics, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Hirotaka Iwaki
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Hampton L Leonard
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Francis P Grenn
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jennifer A Ruskey
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Marya Sabir
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Unit, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sarah Ahmed
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Unit, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mary B Makarious
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Unit, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Lasse Pihlstrøm
- Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Mathias Toft
- Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jacobus J van Hilten
- Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Johan Marinus
- Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Claudia Schulte
- Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Kathrin Brockmann
- Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Manu Sharma
- Centre for Genetic Epidemiology, Institute for Clinical Epidemiology and Applied Biometry, University of Tubingen, Germany
| | - Ari Siitonen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Neurology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Department of Neurology and Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Kari Majamaa
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Neurology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Department of Neurology and Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Johanna Eerola-Rautio
- Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Hospital, and Molecular Neurology, Research Programs Unit, Biomedicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pentti J Tienari
- Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Hospital, and Molecular Neurology, Research Programs Unit, Biomedicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Alexander Pantelyat
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Program, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Argye E Hillis
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Program, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ted M Dawson
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Program, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Liana S Rosenthal
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Marilyn S Albert
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Susan M Resnick
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Luigi Ferrucci
- Longitudinal Studies Section, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Christopher M Morris
- Newcastle Brain Tissue Resource, Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Olga Pletnikova
- Department of Pathology (Neuropathology, Johns Hopkins University Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Juan Troncoso
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Pathology (Neuropathology, Johns Hopkins University Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Donald Grosset
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurological Sciences, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, UK
| | - Suzanne Lesage
- Inserm U1127, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06 UMR S1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Christophe Corvol
- Inserm U1127, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06 UMR S1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, Paris, France
| | - Alexis Brice
- Inserm U1127, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06 UMR S1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, Paris, France
| | - Alastair J Noyce
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK.,Preventive Neurology Unit, Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Eliezer Masliah
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Nick Wood
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - John Hardy
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Lisa M Shulman
- Department of Neurology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Joseph Jankovic
- Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, USA
| | - Joshua M Shulman
- Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, USA.,Departments of Molecular and Human Genetics and Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, USA.,Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, USA
| | - Peter Heutink
- Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Thomas Gasser
- Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tuebingen, Germany
| | | | - Sonja W Scholz
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Unit, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.,Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Huw Morris
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Mark R Cookson
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mike A Nalls
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.,Data Tecnica International, Glen Echo, MD, USA
| | - Ziv Gan-Or
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Andrew B Singleton
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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22
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Micheletti SJ, Bryc K, Ancona Esselmann SG, Freyman WA, Moreno ME, Poznik GD, Shastri AJ, Beleza S, Mountain JL, Agee M, Aslibekyan S, Auton A, Bell R, Clark S, Das S, Elson S, Fletez-Brant K, Fontanillas P, Gandhi P, Heilbron K, Hicks B, Hinds D, Huber K, Jewett E, Jiang Y, Kleinman A, Lin K, Litterman N, McCreight J, McIntyre M, McManus K, Mozaffari S, Nandakumar P, Noblin L, Northover C, O’Connell J, Petrakovitz A, Pitts S, Shelton J, Shringarpure S, Tian C, Tung J, Tunney R, Vacic V, Wang X, Zare A. Genetic Consequences of the Transatlantic Slave Trade in the Americas. Am J Hum Genet 2020; 107:265-277. [PMID: 32707084 PMCID: PMC7413858 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2020.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
According to historical records of transatlantic slavery, traders forcibly deported an estimated 12.5 million people from ports along the Atlantic coastline of Africa between the 16th and 19th centuries, with global impacts reaching to the present day, more than a century and a half after slavery's abolition. Such records have fueled a broad understanding of the forced migration from Africa to the Americas yet remain underexplored in concert with genetic data. Here, we analyzed genotype array data from 50,281 research participants, which-combined with historical shipping documents-illustrate that the current genetic landscape of the Americas is largely concordant with expectations derived from documentation of slave voyages. For instance, genetic connections between people in slave trading regions of Africa and disembarkation regions of the Americas generally mirror the proportion of individuals forcibly moved between those regions. While some discordances can be explained by additional records of deportations within the Americas, other discordances yield insights into variable survival rates and timing of arrival of enslaved people from specific regions of Africa. Furthermore, the greater contribution of African women to the gene pool compared to African men varies across the Americas, consistent with literature documenting regional differences in slavery practices. This investigation of the transatlantic slave trade, which is broad in scope in terms of both datasets and analyses, establishes genetic links between individuals in the Americas and populations across Atlantic Africa, yielding a more comprehensive understanding of the African roots of peoples of the Americas.
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23
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Brumpton B, Sanderson E, Heilbron K, Hartwig FP, Harrison S, Vie GÅ, Cho Y, Howe LD, Hughes A, Boomsma DI, Havdahl A, Hopper J, Neale M, Nivard MG, Pedersen NL, Reynolds CA, Tucker-Drob EM, Grotzinger A, Howe L, Morris T, Li S, Auton A, Windmeijer F, Chen WM, Bjørngaard JH, Hveem K, Willer C, Evans DM, Kaprio J, Davey Smith G, Åsvold BO, Hemani G, Davies NM. Avoiding dynastic, assortative mating, and population stratification biases in Mendelian randomization through within-family analyses. Nat Commun 2020; 11:3519. [PMID: 32665587 PMCID: PMC7360778 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-17117-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Estimates from Mendelian randomization studies of unrelated individuals can be biased due to uncontrolled confounding from familial effects. Here we describe methods for within-family Mendelian randomization analyses and use simulation studies to show that family-based analyses can reduce such biases. We illustrate empirically how familial effects can affect estimates using data from 61,008 siblings from the Nord-Trøndelag Health Study and UK Biobank and replicated our findings using 222,368 siblings from 23andMe. Both Mendelian randomization estimates using unrelated individuals and within family methods reproduced established effects of lower BMI reducing risk of diabetes and high blood pressure. However, while Mendelian randomization estimates from samples of unrelated individuals suggested that taller height and lower BMI increase educational attainment, these effects were strongly attenuated in within-family Mendelian randomization analyses. Our findings indicate the necessity of controlling for population structure and familial effects in Mendelian randomization studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Brumpton
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, BS8 2BN, Bristol, UK.
- Clinic of Thoracic and Occupational Medicine, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Eleanor Sanderson
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, BS8 2BN, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Barley House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
| | - Karl Heilbron
- 23andMe, Inc., 223 N Mathilda Avenue, Sunnyvale, CA, 94086, USA
| | - Fernando Pires Hartwig
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, BS8 2BN, Bristol, UK
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Sean Harrison
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, BS8 2BN, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Barley House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
| | - Gunnhild Åberge Vie
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Yoonsu Cho
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, BS8 2BN, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Barley House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
| | - Laura D Howe
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, BS8 2BN, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Barley House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
| | - Amanda Hughes
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, BS8 2BN, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Barley House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
| | - Dorret I Boomsma
- Netherlands Twin Register, Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alexandra Havdahl
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, BS8 2BN, Bristol, UK
- Nic Waals Institute, Lovisenberg Diaconal Hospital, Spångbergveien 25, 0853, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Mental Disorders, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Sandakerveien 24 C, 0473, Oslo, Norway
| | - John Hopper
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, 207 Bouverie Street, Carlton, VIC, 3053, Australia
| | - Michael Neale
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavior Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Michel G Nivard
- Netherlands Twin Register, Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nancy L Pedersen
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Chandra A Reynolds
- Department of Psychology, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Elliot M Tucker-Drob
- Department of Psychology and Population Research Center, University of Texas at Austin, 108 E. Dean Keeton Stop A8000,, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Andrew Grotzinger
- Department of Psychology and Population Research Center, University of Texas at Austin, 108 E. Dean Keeton Stop A8000,, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Laurence Howe
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, BS8 2BN, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Barley House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
| | - Tim Morris
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, BS8 2BN, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Barley House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
| | - Shuai Li
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, 207 Bouverie Street, Carlton, VIC, 3053, Australia
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Worts Causeway, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Adam Auton
- 23andMe, Inc., 223 N Mathilda Avenue, Sunnyvale, CA, 94086, USA
| | - Frank Windmeijer
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, BS8 2BN, Bristol, UK
- Department of Economics, University of Bristol, 2 Priory Road, Bristol, BS8 1TU, UK
| | - Wei-Min Chen
- Center for public health genomics, Department of public health sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Johan Håkon Bjørngaard
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Faculty of Nursing and Health Sciences, Nord University, Levanger, Norway
| | - Kristian Hveem
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Cristen Willer
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - David M Evans
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, BS8 2BN, Bristol, UK
- University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Jaakko Kaprio
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - George Davey Smith
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, BS8 2BN, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Barley House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
| | - Bjørn Olav Åsvold
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Endocrinology, St Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Gibran Hemani
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, BS8 2BN, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Barley House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
| | - Neil M Davies
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, BS8 2BN, Bristol, UK.
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Barley House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK.
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24
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Rudakou U, Futhey NC, Krohn L, Ruskey JA, Heilbron K, Cannon P, Alam A, Arnulf I, Hu MTM, Montplaisir JY, Gagnon JF, Desautels A, Dauvilliers Y, Toffoli M, Gigli GL, Valente M, Högl B, Stefani A, Holzknecht E, Sonka K, Kemlink D, Oertel W, Janzen A, Plazzi G, Antelmi E, Figorilli M, Puligheddu M, Mollenhauer B, Trenkwalder C, Sixel-Döring F, De Cock VC, Monaca CC, Heidbreder A, Ferini-Strambi L, Dijkstra F, Viaene M, Abril B, Boeve BF, Postuma RB, Rouleau GA, Gan-Or Z. SMPD1 variants do not have a major role in rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder. Neurobiol Aging 2020; 93:142.e5-142.e7. [PMID: 32409254 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2020.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in the sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 1 (SMPD1) gene were reported to be associated with Parkinson's disease and dementia with Lewy bodies. In the current study, we aimed to evaluate the role of SMPD1 variants in isolated rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (iRBD). SMPD1 and its untranslated regions were sequenced using targeted next-generation sequencing in 959 iRBD patients and 1287 controls from European descent. Our study reports no statistically significant association of SMPD1 variants and iRBD. It is hence unlikely that SMPD1 plays a major role in iRBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uladzislau Rudakou
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada; Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Naomi C Futhey
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Lynne Krohn
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada; Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jennifer A Ruskey
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | | | - Armaghan Alam
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Isabelle Arnulf
- Sleep Disorders Unit, Pitié Salpêtrière Hospital, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière, Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | - Michele T M Hu
- Oxford Parkinson's Disease Centre (OPDC), University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jacques Y Montplaisir
- Centre d'Études Avancées en Médecine du Sommeil, Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jean-François Gagnon
- Centre d'Études Avancées en Médecine du Sommeil, Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Alex Desautels
- Centre d'Études Avancées en Médecine du Sommeil, Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Neurosciences, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Yves Dauvilliers
- National Reference Center for Narcolepsy, Sleep Unit, Department of Neurology, Gui-de-Chauliac Hospital, CHU Montpellier, University of Montpellier, Inserm U1061, Montpellier, France
| | - Marco Toffoli
- Department of Medicine (DAME), University of Udine, Udine, Italy; Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Gian Luigi Gigli
- Clinical Neurology Unit, Department of Neurosciences, University Hospital of Udine, Udine, Italy; DMIF, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Mariarosaria Valente
- Department of Medicine (DAME), University of Udine, Udine, Italy; Clinical Neurology Unit, Department of Neurosciences, University Hospital of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Birgit Högl
- Sleep Disorders Clinic, Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Ambra Stefani
- Sleep Disorders Clinic, Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Evi Holzknecht
- Sleep Disorders Clinic, Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Karel Sonka
- Department of Neurology and Centre of Clinical Neuroscience, Charles University, First Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - David Kemlink
- Department of Neurology and Centre of Clinical Neuroscience, Charles University, First Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Wolfang Oertel
- Department of Neurology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Annette Janzen
- Department of Neurology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Giuseppe Plazzi
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; IRCCS, Institute of Neurological Sciences of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Elena Antelmi
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; IRCCS, Institute of Neurological Sciences of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Michela Figorilli
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, Sleep Disorder Research Center, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Monica Puligheddu
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, Sleep Disorder Research Center, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Brit Mollenhauer
- Paracelsus-Elena-Klinik, Kassel, Germany; Department of Neurology, University Medical Centre Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Claudia Trenkwalder
- Paracelsus-Elena-Klinik, Kassel, Germany; Department of Neurology, University Medical Centre Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Friederike Sixel-Döring
- Department of Neurology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany; Paracelsus-Elena-Klinik, Kassel, Germany
| | - Valérie Cochen De Cock
- Sleep and Neurology Unit, Beau Soleil Clinic, Montpellier, France; EuroMov, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Christelle Charley Monaca
- University Lille North of France, Department of Clinical Neurophysiology and Sleep Center, CHU Lille, Lille, France
| | - Anna Heidbreder
- Department of Sleep Medicine and Neuromuscular Disorders, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Luigi Ferini-Strambi
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Femke Dijkstra
- Laboratory for Sleep Disorders, St. Dimpna Regional Hospital, Geel, Belgium; Department of Neurology, St. Dimpna Regional Hospital, Geel, Belgium
| | - Mineke Viaene
- Laboratory for Sleep Disorders, St. Dimpna Regional Hospital, Geel, Belgium; Department of Neurology, St. Dimpna Regional Hospital, Geel, Belgium
| | - Beatriz Abril
- Sleep Disorder Unit, Carémeau Hospital, University Hospital of Nîmes, Nîmes, France
| | | | - Ronald B Postuma
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada; Centre d'Études Avancées en Médecine du Sommeil, Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Guy A Rouleau
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada; Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Ziv Gan-Or
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada; Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada.
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25
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Krohn L, Wu RYJ, Heilbron K, Ruskey JA, Laurent SB, Blauwendraat C, Alam A, Arnulf I, Hu MTM, Dauvilliers Y, Högl B, Toft M, Bjørnarå KA, Stefani A, Holzknecht E, Monaca CC, Abril B, Plazzi G, Antelmi E, Ferini-Strambi L, Young P, Heidbreder A, Cochen De Cock V, Mollenhauer B, Sixel-Döring F, Trenkwalder C, Sonka K, Kemlink D, Figorilli M, Puligheddu M, Dijkstra F, Viaene M, Oertel W, Toffoli M, Gigli GL, Valente M, Gagnon JF, Nalls MA, Singleton AB, Desautels A, Montplaisir JY, Cannon P, Ross OA, Boeve BF, Dupré N, Fon EA, Postuma RB, Pihlstrøm L, Rouleau GA, Gan-Or Z. Fine-Mapping of SNCA in Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Behavior Disorder and Overt Synucleinopathies. Ann Neurol 2020; 87:584-598. [PMID: 31976583 DOI: 10.1002/ana.25687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (RBD) is a prodromal synucleinopathy, as >80% will eventually convert to overt synucleinopathy. We performed an in-depth analysis of the SNCA locus to identify RBD-specific risk variants. METHODS Full sequencing and genotyping of SNCA was performed in isolated/idiopathic RBD (iRBD, n = 1,076), Parkinson disease (PD, n = 1,013), dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB, n = 415), and control subjects (n = 6,155). The iRBD cases were diagnosed with RBD prior to neurodegeneration, although some have since converted. A replication cohort from 23andMe of PD patients with probable RBD (pRBD) was also analyzed (n = 1,782 cases; n = 131,250 controls). Adjusted logistic regression models and meta-analyses were performed. Effects on conversion rate were analyzed in 432 RBD patients with available data using Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. RESULTS A 5'-region SNCA variant (rs10005233) was associated with iRBD (odds ratio [OR] = 1.43, p = 1.1E-08), which was replicated in pRBD. This variant is in linkage disequilibrium (LD) with other 5' risk variants across the different synucleinopathies. An independent iRBD-specific suggestive association (rs11732740) was detected at the 3' of SNCA (OR = 1.32, p = 4.7E-04, not statistically significant after Bonferroni correction). Homozygous carriers of both iRBD-specific SNPs were at highly increased risk for iRBD (OR = 5.74, p = 2E-06). The known top PD-associated variant (3' variant rs356182) had an opposite direction of effect in iRBD compared to PD. INTERPRETATION There is a distinct pattern of association at the SNCA locus in RBD as compared to PD, with an opposite direction of effect at the 3' of SNCA. Several 5' SNCA variants are associated with iRBD and with pRBD in overt synucleinopathies. ANN NEUROL 2020;87:584-598.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynne Krohn
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Richard Y J Wu
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Jennifer A Ruskey
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sandra B Laurent
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Cornelis Blauwendraat
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Armaghan Alam
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Isabelle Arnulf
- Sleep Disorders Unit, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Institute for Brain and Spinal Cord, and Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | - Michele T M Hu
- Oxford Parkinson's Disease Center, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.,Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Yves Dauvilliers
- National Reference Center for Narcolepsy, Sleep Unit, Department of Neurology, Gui de Chauliac Hospital, University Hospital of Montpellier, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Birgit Högl
- Sleep Disorders Clinic, Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Mathias Toft
- Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Institue of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Ambra Stefani
- Sleep Disorders Clinic, Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Evi Holzknecht
- Sleep Disorders Clinic, Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Christelle Charley Monaca
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology and Sleep Center, University Hospital of Lille, University of Lille North of France, Lille, France
| | - Beatriz Abril
- Sleep Disorder Unit, Carémeau Hospital, University Hospital of Nîmes, Nîmes, France
| | - Giuseppe Plazzi
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Institute of Neurological Sciences, Scientific Institute for Research and Health Care, Bologna, Italy
| | - Elena Antelmi
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Institute of Neurological Sciences, Scientific Institute for Research and Health Care, Bologna, Italy
| | - Luigi Ferini-Strambi
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Peter Young
- Department of Sleep Medicine and Neuromuscular Disorders, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Anna Heidbreder
- Department of Sleep Medicine and Neuromuscular Disorders, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Valérie Cochen De Cock
- Sleep and Neurology Unit, Beau Soleil Clinic, Montpellier, France.,EuroMov, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Brit Mollenhauer
- Paracelsus Elena Clinic, Kassel, Germany.,Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Friederike Sixel-Döring
- Paracelsus Elena Clinic, Kassel, Germany.,Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Claudia Trenkwalder
- Paracelsus Elena Clinic, Kassel, Germany.,Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Karel Sonka
- Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience, Charles University, First Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - David Kemlink
- Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience, Charles University, First Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Michela Figorilli
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, Sleep Disorder Research Center, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Monica Puligheddu
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, Sleep Disorder Research Center, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Femke Dijkstra
- Laboratory for Sleep Disorders, St Dimpna Regional Hospital, Geel, Belgium.,Department of Neurology, St Dimpna Regional Hospital, Geel, Belgium
| | - Mineke Viaene
- Laboratory for Sleep Disorders, St Dimpna Regional Hospital, Geel, Belgium.,Department of Neurology, St Dimpna Regional Hospital, Geel, Belgium
| | - Wolfang Oertel
- Department of Neurology, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Marco Toffoli
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Udine, Italy.,Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, University College London Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Gian Luigi Gigli
- Clinical Neurology Unit, Department of Neurosciences, University Hospital of Udine, Udine, Italy.,Department of Mathematics, Informatics, and Physics, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Mariarosaria Valente
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Udine, Italy.,Clinical Neurology Unit, Department of Neurosciences, University Hospital of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Jean-François Gagnon
- Center for Advanced Studies in Sleep Medicine, Centre d'Études Avancées en Médecine du Sommeil, Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Andrew B Singleton
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
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- 23andMe, Mountain View, CA
| | - Alex Desautels
- Center for Advanced Studies in Sleep Medicine, Centre d'Études Avancées en Médecine du Sommeil, Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Neurosciences, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jacques Y Montplaisir
- Center for Advanced Studies in Sleep Medicine, Centre d'Études Avancées en Médecine du Sommeil, Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Owen A Ross
- Departments of Neuroscience and Clinical Genomics, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL
| | | | - Nicolas Dupré
- Division of Neurosciences, University Hospital of Quebec, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Edward A Fon
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Ronald B Postuma
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Center for Advanced Studies in Sleep Medicine, Centre d'Études Avancées en Médecine du Sommeil, Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Lasse Pihlstrøm
- Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Guy A Rouleau
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Ziv Gan-Or
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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26
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Nalls MA, Blauwendraat C, Vallerga CL, Heilbron K, Bandres-Ciga S, Chang D, Tan M, Kia DA, Noyce AJ, Xue A, Bras J, Young E, von Coelln R, Simón-Sánchez J, Schulte C, Sharma M, Krohn L, Pihlstrøm L, Siitonen A, Iwaki H, Leonard H, Faghri F, Gibbs JR, Hernandez DG, Scholz SW, Botia JA, Martinez M, Corvol JC, Lesage S, Jankovic J, Shulman LM, Sutherland M, Tienari P, Majamaa K, Toft M, Andreassen OA, Bangale T, Brice A, Yang J, Gan-Or Z, Gasser T, Heutink P, Shulman JM, Wood NW, Hinds DA, Hardy JA, Morris HR, Gratten J, Visscher PM, Graham RR, Singleton AB. Identification of novel risk loci, causal insights, and heritable risk for Parkinson's disease: a meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies. Lancet Neurol 2019; 18:1091-1102. [PMID: 31701892 PMCID: PMC8422160 DOI: 10.1016/s1474-4422(19)30320-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1073] [Impact Index Per Article: 214.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) in Parkinson's disease have increased the scope of biological knowledge about the disease over the past decade. We aimed to use the largest aggregate of GWAS data to identify novel risk loci and gain further insight into the causes of Parkinson's disease. METHODS We did a meta-analysis of 17 datasets from Parkinson's disease GWAS available from European ancestry samples to nominate novel loci for disease risk. These datasets incorporated all available data. We then used these data to estimate heritable risk and develop predictive models of this heritability. We also used large gene expression and methylation resources to examine possible functional consequences as well as tissue, cell type, and biological pathway enrichments for the identified risk factors. Additionally, we examined shared genetic risk between Parkinson's disease and other phenotypes of interest via genetic correlations followed by Mendelian randomisation. FINDINGS Between Oct 1, 2017, and Aug 9, 2018, we analysed 7·8 million single nucleotide polymorphisms in 37 688 cases, 18 618 UK Biobank proxy-cases (ie, individuals who do not have Parkinson's disease but have a first degree relative that does), and 1·4 million controls. We identified 90 independent genome-wide significant risk signals across 78 genomic regions, including 38 novel independent risk signals in 37 loci. These 90 variants explained 16-36% of the heritable risk of Parkinson's disease depending on prevalence. Integrating methylation and expression data within a Mendelian randomisation framework identified putatively associated genes at 70 risk signals underlying GWAS loci for follow-up functional studies. Tissue-specific expression enrichment analyses suggested Parkinson's disease loci were heavily brain-enriched, with specific neuronal cell types being implicated from single cell data. We found significant genetic correlations with brain volumes (false discovery rate-adjusted p=0·0035 for intracranial volume, p=0·024 for putamen volume), smoking status (p=0·024), and educational attainment (p=0·038). Mendelian randomisation between cognitive performance and Parkinson's disease risk showed a robust association (p=8·00 × 10-7). INTERPRETATION These data provide the most comprehensive survey of genetic risk within Parkinson's disease to date, to the best of our knowledge, by revealing many additional Parkinson's disease risk loci, providing a biological context for these risk factors, and showing that a considerable genetic component of this disease remains unidentified. These associations derived from European ancestry datasets will need to be followed-up with more diverse data. FUNDING The National Institute on Aging at the National Institutes of Health (USA), The Michael J Fox Foundation, and The Parkinson's Foundation (see appendix for full list of funding sources).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mike A Nalls
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA; Data Tecnica International, Glen Echo, MD, USA.
| | - Cornelis Blauwendraat
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Costanza L Vallerga
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | | | - Sara Bandres-Ciga
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Diana Chang
- Department of Human Genetics, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Manuela Tan
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK; Department of Clinical and Movement Neuroscience and UCL Movement Disorders Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Demis A Kia
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK; Department of Clinical and Movement Neuroscience and UCL Movement Disorders Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Alastair J Noyce
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK; Preventive Neurology Unit, Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Angli Xue
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Jose Bras
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK; Center for Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Emily Young
- Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Rainer von Coelln
- Department of Neurology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Javier Simón-Sánchez
- Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Claudia Schulte
- Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Manu Sharma
- Centre for Genetic Epidemiology, Institute for Clinical Epidemiology and Applied Biometry, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Lynne Krohn
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Lasse Pihlstrøm
- Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ari Siitonen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Neurology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Department of Neurology and Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Hirotaka Iwaki
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA; Data Tecnica International, Glen Echo, MD, USA; The Michael J Fox Foundation, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hampton Leonard
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA; Data Tecnica International, Glen Echo, MD, USA
| | - Faraz Faghri
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA; Department of Computer Science, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA
| | - J Raphael Gibbs
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Dena G Hernandez
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sonja W Scholz
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA; Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Juan A Botia
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK; Departamento de Ingeniería de la Información y las Comunicaciones, Universidad de Murcia, Spain
| | - Maria Martinez
- Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale Unité mixte de recherche 1220, Toulouse, France; Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, France
| | - Jean-Christophe Corvol
- Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Paris, France; Sorbonne Université centre national de la recherche médicale, unité mixte de recherche 1127, Paris, France; Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France; Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, Paris, France
| | - Suzanne Lesage
- Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Paris, France; Sorbonne Université centre national de la recherche médicale, unité mixte de recherche 1127, Paris, France; Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France; Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, Paris, France
| | - Joseph Jankovic
- Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Lisa M Shulman
- Department of Neurology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Margaret Sutherland
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Pentti Tienari
- Clinical Neurosciences, Neurology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kari Majamaa
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Neurology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Department of Neurology and Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Mathias Toft
- Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ole A Andreassen
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tushar Bangale
- Department of Human Genetics, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Alexis Brice
- Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Paris, France; Sorbonne Université centre national de la recherche médicale, unité mixte de recherche 1127, Paris, France; Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France; Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, Paris, France
| | - Jian Yang
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Ziv Gan-Or
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Thomas Gasser
- Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Peter Heutink
- Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Joshua M Shulman
- Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Nicholas W Wood
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK; Department of Clinical and Movement Neuroscience and UCL Movement Disorders Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | | | - John A Hardy
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Huw R Morris
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neuroscience and UCL Movement Disorders Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Jacob Gratten
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; Mater Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Peter M Visscher
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Robert R Graham
- Department of Human Genetics, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Andrew B Singleton
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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27
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Noyce AJ, Bandres-Ciga S, Kim J, Heilbron K, Kia D, Hemani G, Xue A, Lawlor DA, Smith GD, Duran R, Gan-Or Z, Blauwendraat C, Gibbs JR, Hinds DA, Yang J, Visscher P, Cuzick J, Morris H, Hardy J, Wood NW, Nalls MA, Singleton AB. The Parkinson's Disease Mendelian Randomization Research Portal. Mov Disord 2019; 34:1864-1872. [PMID: 31659794 PMCID: PMC6973052 DOI: 10.1002/mds.27873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mendelian randomization is a method for exploring observational associations to find evidence of causality. OBJECTIVE To apply Mendelian randomization between risk factors/phenotypic traits (exposures) and PD in a large, unbiased manner, and to create a public resource for research. METHODS We used two-sample Mendelian randomization in which the summary statistics relating to single-nucleotide polymorphisms from 5,839 genome-wide association studies of exposures were used to assess causal relationships with PD. We selected the highest-quality exposure genome-wide association studies for this report (n = 401). For the disease outcome, summary statistics from the largest published PD genome-wide association studies were used. For each exposure, the causal effect on PD was assessed using the inverse variance weighted method, followed by a range of sensitivity analyses. We used a false discovery rate of 5% from the inverse variance weighted analysis to prioritize exposures of interest. RESULTS We observed evidence for causal associations between 12 exposures and risk of PD. Of these, nine were effects related to increasing adiposity and decreasing risk of PD. The remaining top three exposures that affected PD risk were tea drinking, time spent watching television, and forced vital capacity, but these may have been biased and were less convincing. Other exposures at nominal statistical significance included inverse effects of smoking and alcohol. CONCLUSIONS We present a new platform which offers Mendelian randomization analyses for a total of 5,839 genome-wide association studies versus the largest PD genome-wide association studies available (https://pdgenetics.shinyapps.io/MRportal/). Alongside, we report further evidence to support a causal role for adiposity on lowering the risk of PD. © 2019 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alastair J Noyce
- Preventive Neurology Unit, Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, University College London, Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sara Bandres-Ciga
- Molecular Genetics Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.,Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain
| | - Jonggeol Kim
- Molecular Genetics Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Demis Kia
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, University College London, Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gibran Hemani
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Angli Xue
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.,Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Debbie A Lawlor
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom.,Population Health Science, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - George Davey Smith
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom.,Population Health Science, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Raquel Duran
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain.,Centro de Investigacion Biomedica and Departamento de Fisiologia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Ziv Gan-Or
- Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Cornelis Blauwendraat
- Molecular Genetics Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - J Raphael Gibbs
- Molecular Genetics Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | | | | | - Jian Yang
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.,Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Institute for Advanced Research, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Peter Visscher
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.,Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jack Cuzick
- Preventive Neurology Unit, Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Huw Morris
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, University College London, Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
| | - John Hardy
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, University College London, Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas W Wood
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, University College London, Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mike A Nalls
- Molecular Genetics Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.,Data Tecnica International, Glen Echo, Maryland, USA
| | - Andrew B Singleton
- Molecular Genetics Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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Blauwendraat C, Heilbron K, Vallerga CL, Bandres-Ciga S, von Coelln R, Pihlstrøm L, Simón-Sánchez J, Schulte C, Sharma M, Krohn L, Siitonen A, Iwaki H, Leonard H, Noyce AJ, Tan M, Gibbs JR, Hernandez DG, Scholz SW, Jankovic J, Shulman LM, Lesage S, Corvol JC, Brice A, van Hilten JJ, Marinus J, Tienari P, Majamaa K, Toft M, Grosset DG, Gasser T, Heutink P, Shulman JM, Wood N, Hardy J, Morris HR, Hinds DA, Gratten J, Visscher PM, Gan-Or Z, Nalls MA, Singleton AB. Parkinson's disease age at onset genome-wide association study: Defining heritability, genetic loci, and α-synuclein mechanisms. Mov Disord 2019; 34:866-875. [PMID: 30957308 PMCID: PMC6579628 DOI: 10.1002/mds.27659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 204] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing evidence supports an extensive and complex genetic contribution to PD. Previous genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have shed light on the genetic basis of risk for this disease. However, the genetic determinants of PD age at onset are largely unknown. OBJECTIVES To identify the genetic determinants of PD age at onset. METHODS Using genetic data of 28,568 PD cases, we performed a genome-wide association study based on PD age at onset. RESULTS We estimated that the heritability of PD age at onset attributed to common genetic variation was ∼0.11, lower than the overall heritability of risk for PD (∼0.27), likely, in part, because of the subjective nature of this measure. We found two genome-wide significant association signals, one at SNCA and the other a protein-coding variant in TMEM175, both of which are known PD risk loci and a Bonferroni-corrected significant effect at other known PD risk loci, GBA, INPP5F/BAG3, FAM47E/SCARB2, and MCCC1. Notably, SNCA, TMEM175, SCARB2, BAG3, and GBA have all been shown to be implicated in α-synuclein aggregation pathways. Remarkably, other well-established PD risk loci, such as GCH1 and MAPT, did not show a significant effect on age at onset of PD. CONCLUSIONS Overall, we have performed the largest age at onset of PD genome-wide association studies to date, and our results show that not all PD risk loci influence age at onset with significant differences between risk alleles for age at onset. This provides a compelling picture, both within the context of functional characterization of disease-linked genetic variability and in defining differences between risk alleles for age at onset, or frank risk for disease. © 2019 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelis Blauwendraat
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Unit, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Karl Heilbron
- 23andMe, Inc., 899 W Evelyn Avenue, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - Costanza L. Vallerga
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Sara Bandres-Ciga
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Rainer von Coelln
- Department of Neurology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Lasse Pihlstrøm
- Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Javier Simón-Sánchez
- Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Claudia Schulte
- Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Manu Sharma
- Centre for Genetic Epidemiology, Institute for Clinical Epidemiology and Applied Biometry, University of Tubingen, Germany
| | - Lynne Krohn
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Ari Siitonen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Neurology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Neurology and Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Hirotaka Iwaki
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- The Michael J Fox Foundation for Parkinson’s Research, NY, USA
| | - Hampton Leonard
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Alastair J. Noyce
- Preventive Neurology Unit, Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Manuela Tan
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - J. Raphael Gibbs
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Dena G. Hernandez
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sonja W. Scholz
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Unit, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Joseph Jankovic
- Department of Neurology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Lisa M. Shulman
- Department of Neurology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Suzanne Lesage
- Inserm U1127, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06 UMR S1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Christophe Corvol
- Inserm U1127, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06 UMR S1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, Paris, France
| | - Alexis Brice
- Inserm U1127, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06 UMR S1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, Paris, France
| | | | - Johan Marinus
- Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Pentti Tienari
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Neurology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Neurology and Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Kari Majamaa
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Neurology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Neurology and Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Mathias Toft
- Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Donald G. Grosset
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurological Sciences, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, UK
- Institute of Neuroscience & Psychology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Thomas Gasser
- Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Peter Heutink
- Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Joshua M Shulman
- Departments of Molecular & Human Genetics and Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, USA
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, USA
| | - Nicolas Wood
- Inserm U1127, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06 UMR S1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, Paris, France
| | - John Hardy
- Inserm U1127, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06 UMR S1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, Paris, France
| | - Huw R Morris
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London UK
- UCL Movement Disorders Centre, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - David A. Hinds
- 23andMe, Inc., 899 W Evelyn Avenue, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - Jacob Gratten
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Peter M. Visscher
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Ziv Gan-Or
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Mike A. Nalls
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Data Tecnica International, Glen Echo, MD, USA
| | - Andrew B. Singleton
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Heilbron K, Noyce AJ, Fontanillas P, Alipanahi B, Nalls MA, Cannon P. The Parkinson's phenome-traits associated with Parkinson's disease in a broadly phenotyped cohort. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 2019; 5:4. [PMID: 30937360 PMCID: PMC6437217 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-019-0077-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In order to systematically describe the Parkinson's disease phenome, we performed a series of 832 cross-sectional case-control analyses in a large database. Responses to 832 online survey-based phenotypes including diseases, medications, and environmental exposures were analyzed in 23andMe research participants. For each phenotype, survey respondents were used to construct a cohort of Parkinson's disease cases and age-matched and sex-matched controls, and an association test was performed using logistic regression. Cohorts included a median of 3899 Parkinson's disease cases and 49,808 controls, all of European ancestry. Highly correlated phenotypes were removed and the novelty of each significant association was systematically assessed (assigned to one of four categories: known, likely, unclear, or novel). Parkinson's disease diagnosis was associated with 122 phenotypes. We replicated 27 known associations and found 23 associations with a strong a priori link to a known association. We discovered 42 associations that have not previously been reported. Migraine, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and seasonal allergies were associated with Parkinson's disease and tend to occur decades before the typical age of diagnosis for Parkinson's disease. The phenotypes that currently comprise the Parkinson's disease phenome have mostly been explored in relatively small purpose-built studies. Using a single large dataset, we have successfully reproduced many of these established associations and have extended the Parkinson's disease phenome by discovering novel associations. Our work paves the way for studies of these associated phenotypes that explore shared molecular mechanisms with Parkinson's disease, infer causal relationships, and improve our ability to identify individuals at high-risk of Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl Heilbron
- 23andMe, Inc., 899W Evelyn Avenue, Mountain View, CA 94041 USA
| | - Alastair J. Noyce
- Preventive Neurology Unit, Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK
| | | | - Babak Alipanahi
- 23andMe, Inc., 899W Evelyn Avenue, Mountain View, CA 94041 USA
| | - Mike A. Nalls
- Data Tecnica International, Glen Echo, MD USA
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, USA
| | - Paul Cannon
- 23andMe, Inc., 899W Evelyn Avenue, Mountain View, CA 94041 USA
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Qi Q, Toll-Riera M, Heilbron K, Preston GM, MacLean RC. The genomic basis of adaptation to the fitness cost of rifampicin resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Proc Biol Sci 2016; 283:rspb.2015.2452. [PMID: 26763710 PMCID: PMC4721101 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2015.2452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance carries a fitness cost that must be overcome in order for resistance to persist over the long term. Compensatory mutations that recover the functional defects associated with resistance mutations have been argued to play a key role in overcoming the cost of resistance, but compensatory mutations are expected to be rare relative to generally beneficial mutations that increase fitness, irrespective of antibiotic resistance. Given this asymmetry, population genetics theory predicts that populations should adapt by compensatory mutations when the cost of resistance is large, whereas generally beneficial mutations should drive adaptation when the cost of resistance is small. We tested this prediction by determining the genomic mechanisms underpinning adaptation to antibiotic-free conditions in populations of the pathogenic bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa that carry costly antibiotic resistance mutations. Whole-genome sequencing revealed that populations founded by high-cost rifampicin-resistant mutants adapted via compensatory mutations in three genes of the RNA polymerase core enzyme, whereas populations founded by low-cost mutants adapted by generally beneficial mutations, predominantly in the quorum-sensing transcriptional regulator gene lasR. Even though the importance of compensatory evolution in maintaining resistance has been widely recognized, our study shows that the roles of general adaptation in maintaining resistance should not be underestimated and highlights the need to understand how selection at other sites in the genome influences the dynamics of resistance alleles in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Qi
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Macarena Toll-Riera
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Karl Heilbron
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Gail M Preston
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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31
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Rennison DJ, Heilbron K, Barrett RDH, Schluter D. Discriminating selection on lateral plate phenotype and its underlying gene, Ectodysplasin, in threespine stickleback. Am Nat 2014; 185:150-6. [PMID: 25560560 DOI: 10.1086/679280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
When a signature of natural selection is discovered on a gene that is pleiotropic or in tight linkage with other genes, it is challenging to determine which of the affected phenotypes is under selection. One way to make progress is to employ methods for analyzing natural selection on correlated traits, including both genotype and phenotype. We used this approach in threespine stickleback to estimate selection on a rapidly evolving trait, lateral armor plates, while controlling for variation at its major underlying gene, Ectodysplasin (Eda), and vice versa. This allowed for independent estimates of selection on lateral plates and on Eda via other traits. Previously, we demonstrated allele frequency changes at Eda in a pond experiment. Here we show that this resulted from selection on both plates and on Eda, implying additional selection on other phenotypic traits affected by the same gene. This represents the first evidence for direct selection on lateral plates independent of selection on the Eda locus and highlights the value of measuring selection on both phenotypes and genotypes in studies of adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana J Rennison
- Department of Zoology and Biodiversity Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
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Marchant DJ, Bellac CL, Moraes TJ, Wadsworth SJ, Dufour A, Butler GS, Bilawchuk LM, Hendry RG, Robertson AG, Cheung CT, Ng J, Ang L, Luo Z, Heilbron K, Norris MJ, Duan W, Bucyk T, Karpov A, Devel L, Georgiadis D, Hegele RG, Luo H, Granville DJ, Dive V, McManus BM, Overall CM. A new transcriptional role for matrix metalloproteinase-12 in antiviral immunity. Nat Med 2014; 20:493-502. [DOI: 10.1038/nm.3508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2013] [Accepted: 02/12/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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