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Zheng H, Xiao X, Han Y, Wang P, Zang L, Wang L, Zhao Y, Shi P, Yang P, Guo C, Xue J, Zhao X. Research progress of propofol in alleviating cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. Pharmacol Rep 2024; 76:962-980. [PMID: 38954373 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-024-00620-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is a leading cause of adult disability and death worldwide. The primary treatment for cerebral ischemia patients is to restore blood supply to the ischemic region as quickly as possible. However, in most cases, more severe tissue damage occurs, which is known as cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. The pathological mechanisms of brain I/R injury include mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, excitotoxicity, calcium overload, neuroinflammation, programmed cell death and others. Propofol (2,6-diisopropylphenol), a short-acting intravenous anesthetic, possesses not only sedative and hypnotic effects but also immunomodulatory and neuroprotective effects. Numerous studies have reported the protective properties of propofol during brain I/R injury. In this review, we summarize the potential protective mechanisms of propofol to provide insights for its better clinical application in alleviating cerebral I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haijing Zheng
- Basic Medical College, Xinxiang Medical University, 601, Jin Sui Avenue, Xinxiang, Henan, China
- Zhengzhou Central Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
- College of Pharmacy, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Drug Intervention, Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Vascular Remodeling Intervention and Molecular Targeted Therapy Drug Development, Xinxiang Medical University, 601, Jin Sui Avenue, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Xian Xiao
- College of Pharmacy, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Drug Intervention, Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Vascular Remodeling Intervention and Molecular Targeted Therapy Drug Development, Xinxiang Medical University, 601, Jin Sui Avenue, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Yiming Han
- College of Pharmacy, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Drug Intervention, Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Vascular Remodeling Intervention and Molecular Targeted Therapy Drug Development, Xinxiang Medical University, 601, Jin Sui Avenue, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Pengwei Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, No. 88 Jiankang Road, Weihui, Henan, 453100, China
| | - Lili Zang
- Department of Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, No. 88 Jiankang Road, Weihui, China
| | - Lilin Wang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, No. 88 Jiankang Road, Weihui, China
| | - Yinuo Zhao
- Basic Medical College, Xinxiang Medical University, 601, Jin Sui Avenue, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Peijie Shi
- College of Pharmacy, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Drug Intervention, Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Vascular Remodeling Intervention and Molecular Targeted Therapy Drug Development, Xinxiang Medical University, 601, Jin Sui Avenue, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Pengfei Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Drug Intervention, Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Vascular Remodeling Intervention and Molecular Targeted Therapy Drug Development, Xinxiang Medical University, 601, Jin Sui Avenue, Xinxiang, Henan, China.
| | - Chao Guo
- College of Pharmacy, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Drug Intervention, Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Vascular Remodeling Intervention and Molecular Targeted Therapy Drug Development, Xinxiang Medical University, 601, Jin Sui Avenue, Xinxiang, Henan, China.
| | - Jintao Xue
- College of Pharmacy, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Drug Intervention, Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Vascular Remodeling Intervention and Molecular Targeted Therapy Drug Development, Xinxiang Medical University, 601, Jin Sui Avenue, Xinxiang, Henan, China.
| | - Xinghua Zhao
- Basic Medical College, Xinxiang Medical University, 601, Jin Sui Avenue, Xinxiang, Henan, China.
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Song M, Yi F, Zeng F, Zheng L, Huang L, Sun X, Huang Q, Deng J, Wang H, Gu W. USP18 Stabilized FTO Protein to Activate Mitophagy in Ischemic Stroke Through Repressing m6A Modification of SIRT6. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:6658-6674. [PMID: 38340205 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04001-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke (IS) is a dangerous cerebrovascular disorder with a significant incidence and death rate. Ubiquitin-specific peptidase 18 (USP18) has been proven to mitigate ischemic brain damage; however, its potential regulatory mechanisms remain unclear. In vivo and in vitro models of IS were established by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) and oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R). Neurocyte injury was detected by MTT, LDH, ROS level, mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm), and flow cytometry. Molecular expression was evaluated by qPCR, Western blotting, and immunofluorescence staining. Molecular mechanisms were determined by Co-IP, RIP, and MeRIP. IS injury was determined by neurological behavior score and TTC staining. Mitophagy was observed by TEM. USP18 and fat mass and obesity-associated protein (FTO) expression declined after OGD/R. Dysfunctional mitochondrial and apoptosis in OGD/R-stimulated neurocytes were eliminated by USP18/FTO overexpression via mitophagy activation. USP18-mediated de-ubiquitination was responsible for increasing FTO protein stability. Up-regulation of FTO protein restrained m6A modification of sirtuin6 (SIRT6) in a YTHDF2-dependent manner to enhance SIRT6 expression and subsequent activation of AMPK/PGC-1α/AKT signaling. FTO induced mitophagy to ameliorate nerve cell damage through SIRT6/AMPK/PGC-1α/AKT pathway. Finally, USP18/FTO overexpression relieved IS in rats via triggering SIRT6/AMPK/PGC-1α/AKT axis-mediated mitophagy. USP18 increased FTO protein stability to trigger SIRT6-induced mitophagy, thus mitigating IS. Our data unravel the novel neuroprotective mechanism of USP18 and suggest its potential as a promising treatment target for IS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyu Song
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan Province, Changsha, 410008, People's Republic of China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan Province, Changsha, 410008, People's Republic of China
- Clinical Research Center for Cerebrovascular Disease of Hunan Province, Central South University, Hunan Province, No.87, Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Yi
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan Province, Changsha, 410008, People's Republic of China
- Department of Geriatric Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan Province, Changsha, 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Feiyue Zeng
- Department of Radiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan Province, Changsha, 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Lan Zheng
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan Province, Changsha, 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Huang
- Department of Neurological Rehabilitation, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Hunan Province, Changsha, 410000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyu Sun
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan Province, Changsha, 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Qianyi Huang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan Province, Changsha, 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Deng
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan Province, Changsha, 410000, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Wang
- Department of Geriatric Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan Province, Changsha, 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenping Gu
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan Province, Changsha, 410008, People's Republic of China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan Province, Changsha, 410008, People's Republic of China.
- Clinical Research Center for Cerebrovascular Disease of Hunan Province, Central South University, Hunan Province, No.87, Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, People's Republic of China.
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Liu Y, Yu X, Jiang W. The Role of Mitochondrial Pyruvate Carrier in Neurological Disorders. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-04435-7. [PMID: 39177735 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04435-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 08/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024]
Abstract
The mitochondrial pyruvate carrier (MPC) is a specific protein complex located in the inner mitochondrial membrane. Comprising a heterodimer of two homodimeric membrane proteins, mitochondrial pyruvate carrier 1 and mitochondrial pyruvate carrier 2, MPC connects cytoplasmic metabolism to mitochondrial metabolism by transferring pyruvate from the cytoplasm to the mitochondria. The nervous system requires substantial energy to maintain its function, and the mitochondrial energy supply is closely linked to neurological function. Mitochondrial dysfunction can induce or exacerbate intracerebral pathologies. MPC influences mitochondrial function due to its specific role as a pyruvate transporter. However, recent studies on MPC and mitochondrial dysfunction in neurological disorders have yielded controversial results, and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In this brief review, we provide an overview of the structure and function of MPC. We further discuss the potential mechanisms and feasibility of targeting MPC in treating Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, and cerebral ischemia/hypoxia injury. This review aims to offer insights into MPC as a target for clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Liu
- Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Xiying Yu
- Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China.
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Wu C, Chen Y, Chen X, Zhang Y, Zhao X, Deng Y, Li C, Zhang D, Zhang X, Wang S. 20-Deoxyingenol Activates Mitophagy Through TFEB and Promotes Functional Recovery After Spinal Cord Injury. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-04283-5. [PMID: 38865079 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04283-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) can lead to permanent paralysis and various motor, sensory and autonomic nervous system dysfunction. The complex pathophysiological processes limit the effectiveness of many clinical treatments. Mitochondria has been reported to play a key role in the pathogenesis of SCI; while mitophagy is a protective mechanism against mitochondrial dysfunction. However, there is recently little drugs that may targeted activate mitophagy to treat SCI. In this study, we evaluated the role of 20-Deoxyingenol (20-DOI) in SCI and explored its potential mechanisms. We used a SCI rat model and evaluated the functional outcomes after the injury. Western blotting and immunofluorescence techniques were used to analyze the levels of mitophagy, apoptosis, and TFEB-related signaling pathways. Our research results show that 20-DOI significantly improves the apoptosis of neural cells after TBHP stimulation and functional recovery after spinal cord injury. In addition, mitophagy, TFEB levels, and apoptosis are related to the mechanism of 20-DOI treatment for spinal cord injury. Specifically, our research results indicate that 20-DOI restored the autophagic flux after injury, thereby inducing mitophagy, eliminating the accumulation of Cyto C, and inhibiting apoptosis. Further mechanism research suggests that 20-DOI may regulate mitophagy by promoting TFEB nuclear translocation. These results indicate that 20-DOI can significantly promote recovery after spinal cord injury, which may be a promising treatment method for spinal cord injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyu Wu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics, Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, China
- The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics, Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, China
- The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, China
| | - Ximiao Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics, Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, China
- The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yekai Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics, Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, China
- The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiaoying Zhao
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics, Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, China
- The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yuxin Deng
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics, Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, China
- The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, China
| | - Chenchao Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics, Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, China
- The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, China
| | - Di Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, China.
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics, Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, China.
- The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, China.
| | - Xiaolei Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, China.
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics, Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, China.
- The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, China.
| | - Sheng Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, China.
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics, Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, China.
- The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, China.
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5
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He Y, He T, Li H, Chen W, Zhong B, Wu Y, Chen R, Hu Y, Ma H, Wu B, Hu W, Han Z. Deciphering mitochondrial dysfunction: Pathophysiological mechanisms in vascular cognitive impairment. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 174:116428. [PMID: 38599056 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) encompasses a range of cognitive deficits arising from vascular pathology. The pathophysiological mechanisms underlying VCI remain incompletely understood; however, chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH) is widely acknowledged as a principal pathological contributor. Mitochondria, crucial for cellular energy production and intracellular signaling, can lead to numerous neurological impairments when dysfunctional. Recent evidence indicates that mitochondrial dysfunction-marked by oxidative stress, disturbed calcium homeostasis, compromised mitophagy, and anomalies in mitochondrial dynamics-plays a pivotal role in VCI pathogenesis. This review offers a detailed examination of the latest insights into mitochondrial dysfunction within the VCI context, focusing on both the origins and consequences of compromised mitochondrial health. It aims to lay a robust scientific groundwork for guiding the development and refinement of mitochondrial-targeted interventions for VCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyao He
- Shenzhen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Tiantian He
- Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, China
| | - Hongpei Li
- Shenzhen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Shenzhen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Biying Zhong
- Shenzhen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yue Wu
- Shenzhen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Runming Chen
- Shenzhen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuli Hu
- Shenzhen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Huaping Ma
- Shenzhen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Bin Wu
- Shenzhen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenyue Hu
- Shenzhen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
| | - Zhenyun Han
- Shenzhen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
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Zhang G, Wang Q, Jiang B, Yao L, Wu W, Zhang X, Wan D, Gu Y. Progress of medicinal plants and their active metabolites in ischemia-reperfusion injury of stroke: a novel therapeutic strategy based on regulation of crosstalk between mitophagy and ferroptosis. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1374445. [PMID: 38650626 PMCID: PMC11033413 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1374445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The death of cells can occur through various pathways, including apoptosis, necroptosis, mitophagy, pyroptosis, endoplasmic reticulum stress, oxidative stress, ferroptosis, cuproptosis, and disulfide-driven necrosis. Increasing evidence suggests that mitophagy and ferroptosis play crucial regulatory roles in the development of stroke. In recent years, the incidence of stroke has been gradually increasing, posing a significant threat to human health. Hemorrhagic stroke accounts for only 15% of all strokes, while ischemic stroke is the predominant type, representing 85% of all stroke cases. Ischemic stroke refers to a clinical syndrome characterized by local ischemic-hypoxic necrosis of brain tissue due to various cerebrovascular disorders, leading to rapid onset of corresponding neurological deficits. Currently, specific therapeutic approaches targeting the pathophysiological mechanisms of ischemic brain tissue injury mainly include intravenous thrombolysis and endovascular intervention. Despite some clinical efficacy, these approaches inevitably lead to ischemia-reperfusion injury. Therefore, exploration of treatment options for ischemic stroke remains a challenging task. In light of this background, advancements in targeted therapy for cerebrovascular diseases through mitophagy and ferroptosis offer a new direction for the treatment of such diseases. In this review, we summarize the progress of mitophagy and ferroptosis in regulating ischemia-reperfusion injury in stroke and emphasize their potential molecular mechanisms in the pathogenesis. Importantly, we systematically elucidate the role of medicinal plants and their active metabolites in targeting mitophagy and ferroptosis in ischemia-reperfusion injury in stroke, providing new insights and perspectives for the clinical development of therapeutic drugs for these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guozhen Zhang
- College of the First Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- Department of Neurology, People’s Liberation Army Joint Logistics Support Force 940th Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Department of Neurology, First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Bing Jiang
- Department of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Lihe Yao
- Department of Neurology, First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Wenjuan Wu
- Department of Neurology, First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhang
- Department of Neurology, People’s Liberation Army Joint Logistics Support Force 940th Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Dongjun Wan
- Department of Neurology, People’s Liberation Army Joint Logistics Support Force 940th Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Youquan Gu
- College of the First Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- Department of Neurology, First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
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Hwang I, Kim BS, Lee HY, Cho SW, Lee SE, Ahn JY. PA2G4/EBP1 ubiquitination by PRKN/PARKIN promotes mitophagy protecting neuron death in cerebral ischemia. Autophagy 2024; 20:365-379. [PMID: 37712850 PMCID: PMC10813645 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2023.2259215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Cerebral ischemia induces massive mitochondrial damage, leading to neuronal death. The elimination of damaged mitochondria via mitophagy is critical for neuroprotection. Here we show that the level of PA2G4/EBP1 (proliferation-associated 2G4) was notably increased early during transient middle cerebral artery occlusion and prevented neuronal death by eliciting cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (IR)-induced mitophagy. Neuron-specific knockout of Pa2g4 increased infarct volume and aggravated neuron loss with impaired mitophagy and was rescued by introduction of adeno-associated virus serotype 2 expressing PA2G4/EBP1. We determined that PA2G4/EBP1 is ubiquitinated on lysine 376 by PRKN/PARKIN on the damaged mitochondria and interacts with receptor protein SQSTM1/p62 for mitophagy induction. Thus, our study suggests that PA2G4/EBP1 ubiquitination following cerebral IR-injury promotes mitophagy induction, which may be implicated in neuroprotection.Abbreviations: AAV: adeno-associated virus; ACTB: actin beta; BNIP3L/NIX: BCL2 interacting protein 3 like; CA1: Cornu Ammonis 1; CASP3: caspase 3; CCCP: carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenyl hydrazone; DMSO: dimethyl sulfoxide; PA2G4/EBP1: proliferation-associated 2G4; FUNDC1: FUN14 domain containing 1; IB: immunoblotting; ICC: immunocytochemistry; IHC: immunohistochemistry; IP: immunoprecipitation; MCAO: middle cerebral artery occlusion; MEF: mouse embryonic fibroblast; OGD: oxygen-glucose deprivation; PRKN/PARKIN: parkin RBR E3 ubiquitin protein ligase; PINK1: PTEN induced kinase 1; RBFOX3/NeuN: RNA binding fox-1 homolog 3; SQSTM1/p62: sequestosome 1; TIMM23: translocase of inner mitochondrial membrane 23; TOMM20: translocase of outer mitochondrial membrane 20; TUBB: tubulin beta class I; WT: wild-type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inwoo Hwang
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Single Cell Network Research Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
- Single Cell Network Research Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Byeong-Seong Kim
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Single Cell Network Research Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
- Single Cell Network Research Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Ho Yun Lee
- Department of Radiology and Center for Imaging Science, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sung-Woo Cho
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Ulsan, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung Eun Lee
- Research Animal Resources Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seongbuk-gu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jee-Yin Ahn
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Single Cell Network Research Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
- Single Cell Network Research Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
- Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
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Pei SJ, Zhu YZ, Yang JM, Zhang MC, Shi CL, Ding Y, Yi YY. Activation of moderate autophagy promotes survival of fat graft. FASEB J 2023; 37:e23289. [PMID: 37950635 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202300892r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/13/2023]
Abstract
Clinically unpredictable retention following fat grafting remains outstanding problems because of the unrevealed mechanism of grafted fat survival. The role of autophagy, a process to maintain cellular homeostasis through recycling cellular debris, has yet been to be reported in fat grafting. This study aims to improve the survival of fat grafting through the autophagy. First, the relationship between cell death and autophagy in the early stage of fat grafting was evaluated through immunostaining, RNA sequencing, and western blot. Next, rapamycin, an autophagic agonist, was used for the culturing of adipose-derived stem cells and adipocytes during ischemia. Cell death, autophagy, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were assayed. Finally, rapamycin was used to assist fat grafting in nude mice. The results demonstrated that the peak of cell death at the early stage of fat grafting was accompanied by a decrease in autophagy. In vitro, during ischemia, 25 nM was confirmed as the optimal dose of rapamycin that reduces cell death with enhanced autophagy and mitophagy, improved mitochondrial quality as well as decreased ROS accumulation. In vivo, promoted mitophagy, alleviated oxidative stress, and decreased cell apoptosis of rapamycin-treated fat grafts were observed in the early stage. In addition, rapamycin increased the survival of fat grafts with increased neovascularization and reduced fibrosis. We suggested that moderate autophagy induced by rapamycin contribute to enhanced ischemic tolerance and long term survival of fat grafts through mitochondrial quality control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Jun Pei
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, P. R. China
| | - Yuan-Zheng Zhu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, P. R. China
| | - Juan-Min Yang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, P. R. China
| | - Min-Chen Zhang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, P. R. China
| | - Chen-Long Shi
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, P. R. China
| | - Ying Ding
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, P. R. China
| | - Yang-Yan Yi
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, P. R. China
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Qin YY, Pan SY, Dai JR, Wang QM, Luo X, Qin ZH, Luo L. Alleviation of ischemic brain injury by exercise preconditioning is associated with modulation of autophagy and mitochondrial dynamics in cerebral cortex of female aged mice. Exp Gerontol 2023; 178:112226. [PMID: 37257699 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2023.112226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Evidence from clinical studies and preclinical studies supports that exercise preconditioning can not only reduce the risk of stroke but also improve brain tissue and functional outcome after stroke. It has been demonstrated that autophagy and mitochondrial dynamics are involved in ischemic stroke. However, it is still unclear whether exercise preconditioning-induced neuroprotection against stroke is associated with modulation of autophagy and mitochondrial dynamics. Although age and sex interactively affect ischemic stroke risk, incidence, and outcome, studies based on young male animals are most often used to explore the role of exercise preconditioning in the prevention of ischemic stroke. In the current study, we examined whether exercise preconditioning could modulate autophagy and mitochondrial dynamics in a brain ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) model of female aged mice. The results showed that exercise preconditioning reduced infarct volume and improved neurological deficits. Additionally, increased levels of autophagy-related proteins LC3-II/LC3-I, LC3-II, p62, Atg7, and mitophagy-related proteins Bnip3L and Parkin, as well as increased levels of mitochondrial fusion modulator Mfn2 and mitochondrial fission modulator Drp1 in the ischemic cortex of female aged mice at 12 h after I/R were present. Our results could contribute to a better understanding of exercise preconditioning-induced neuroprotection against ischemic stroke for the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Yuan Qin
- Suzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Suzhou 215009, Jiangsu Province, China; Department of Pharmacy, Suzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215009, China
| | - Shan-Yao Pan
- School of Physical Education and Sports Science, Soochow University; Suzhou 215021, China
| | - Jia-Ru Dai
- School of Physical Education and Sports Science, Soochow University; Suzhou 215021, China
| | - Qing-Mei Wang
- Stroke Biological Recovery Laboratory, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Teaching Affiliate of Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Xun Luo
- Kerry Rehabilitation Medicine Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zheng-Hong Qin
- Department of Pharmacology and Laboratory of Aging and Nervous Diseases (SZS0703); Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-Psycho-Diseases, Soochow University School of Pharmaceutical Science; Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Li Luo
- School of Physical Education and Sports Science, Soochow University; Suzhou 215021, China.
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10
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Choi SG, Shin J, Lee KY, Park H, Kim SI, Yi YY, Kim DW, Song HJ, Shin HJ. PINK1 siRNA-loaded poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles provide neuroprotection in a mouse model of photothrombosis-induced ischemic stroke. Glia 2023; 71:1294-1310. [PMID: 36655313 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
PTEN-induced kinase 1 (PINK1) is a well-known critical marker in the pathway for mitophagy regulation as well as mitochondrial dysfunction. Evidence suggests that mitochondrial dynamics and mitophagy flux play an important role in the development of brain damage from stroke pathogenesis. In this study, we propose a treatment strategy using nanoparticles that can control PINK1. We used a murine photothrombotic ischemic stroke (PTS) model in which clogging of blood vessels is induced with Rose Bengal (RB) to cause brain damage. We targeted PINK1 with poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA)-based nanoparticles loaded with PINK1 siRNA (PINK1 NPs). After characterizing siRNA loading in the nanoparticles, we assessed the efficacy of PINK1 NPs in mice with PTS using immunohistochemistry, 1% 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining, measurement of motor dysfunction, and Western blot. PINK1 was highly expressed in microglia 24 h after PTS induction. PINK1 siRNA treatment increased phagocytic activity, migration, and expression of an anti-inflammatory state in microglia. In addition, the PLGA nanoparticles were selectively taken up by microglia and specifically regulated PINK1 expression in those cells. Treatment with PINK1 NPs prior to stroke induction reduced expression of mitophagy-inducing factors, infarct volume, and motor dysfunction in mice with photothrombotic ischemia. Experiments with PINK1-knockout mice and microglia depletion with PLX3397 confirmed a decrease in stroke-induced infarct volume and behavioral dysfunction. Application of nanoparticles for PINK1 inhibition attenuates RB-induced photothrombotic ischemic injury by inhibiting microglia responses, suggesting that a nanomedical approach targeting the PINK1 pathway may provide a therapeutic avenue for stroke treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Gyu Choi
- Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Juhee Shin
- Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ka Young Lee
- Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyewon Park
- Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Song I Kim
- Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Young Yi
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Hallym University and Gangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Woon Kim
- Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Jung Song
- Department of Neurology, Chungnam National University Sejong Hospital and College of Medicine, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo Jung Shin
- Brain Research Institute, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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11
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Chavda V, Lu B. Reverse Electron Transport at Mitochondrial Complex I in Ischemic Stroke, Aging, and Age-Related Diseases. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12040895. [PMID: 37107270 PMCID: PMC10135819 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12040895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Stroke is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. A main cause of brain damage by stroke is ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury due to the increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and energy failure caused by changes in mitochondrial metabolism. Ischemia causes a build-up of succinate in tissues and changes in the mitochondrial NADH: ubiquinone oxidoreductase (complex I) activity that promote reverse electron transfer (RET), in which a portion of the electrons derived from succinate are redirected from ubiquinol along complex I to reach the NADH dehydrogenase module of complex I, where matrix NAD+ is converted to NADH and excessive ROS is produced. RET has been shown to play a role in macrophage activation in response to bacterial infection, electron transport chain reorganization in response to changes in the energy supply, and carotid body adaptation to changes in the oxygen levels. In addition to stroke, deregulated RET and RET-generated ROS (RET-ROS) have been implicated in tissue damage during organ transplantation, whereas an RET-induced NAD+/NADH ratio decrease has been implicated in aging, age-related neurodegeneration, and cancer. In this review, we provide a historical account of the roles of ROS and oxidative damage in the pathogenesis of ischemic stroke, summarize the latest developments in our understanding of RET biology and RET-associated pathological conditions, and discuss new ways to target ischemic stroke, cancer, aging, and age-related neurodegenerative diseases by modulating RET.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishal Chavda
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Bingwei Lu
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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12
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Li L, Song JJ, Zhang MX, Zhang HW, Zhu HY, Guo W, Pan CL, Liu X, Xu L, Zhang ZY. Oridonin ameliorates caspase-9-mediated brain neuronal apoptosis in mouse with ischemic stroke by inhibiting RIPK3-mediated mitophagy. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2023; 44:726-740. [PMID: 36216897 PMCID: PMC10042824 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-022-00995-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuronal loss is a primary factor in determining the outcome of ischemic stroke. Oridonin (Ori), a natural diterpenoid compound extracted from the Chinese herb Rabdosia rubescens, has been shown to exert anti-inflammatory and neuroregulatory effects in various models of neurological diseases. In this study we investigated whether Ori exerted a protective effect against reperfusion injury-induced neuronal loss and the underlying mechanisms. Mice were subjected to transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO), and were injected with Ori (5, 10, 20 mg/kg, i.p.) at the beginning of reperfusion. We showed that Ori treatment rescued neuronal loss in a dose-dependent manner by specifically inhibiting caspase-9-mediated neuronal apoptosis and exerted neuroprotective effects against reperfusion injury. Furthermore, we found that Ori treatment reversed neuronal mitochondrial damage and loss after reperfusion injury. In N2a cells and primary neurons, Ori (1, 3, 6 μM) exerted similar protective effects against oxygen-glucose deprivation and reoxygenation (OGD/R)-induced injury. We then conducted an RNA-sequencing assay of the ipsilateral brain tissue of tMCAO mice, and identified receptor-interacting protein kinase-3 (RIPK3) as the most significantly changed apoptosis-associated gene. In N2a cells after OGD/R and in the ipsilateral brain region, we found that RIPK3 mediated excessive neuronal mitophagy by activating AMPK mitophagy signaling, which was inhibited by Ori or 3-MA. Using in vitro and in vivo RIPK3 knockdown models, we demonstrated that the anti-apoptotic and neuroprotective effects of Ori were RIPK3-dependent. Collectively, our results show that Ori effectively inhibits RIPK3-induced excessive mitophagy and thereby rescues the neuronal loss in the early stage of ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Jing-Jing Song
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Meng-Xue Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Hui-Wen Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Hai-Yan Zhu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Wei Guo
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Wuxi No.2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, 214002, China
| | - Cai-Long Pan
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Xue Liu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Lu Xu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China.
- Key Laboratory of Antibody Technique of Ministry of Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China.
| | - Zhi-Yuan Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China.
- Department of Neurology, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China.
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13
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Makarov M, Korkotian E. Differential Role of Active Compounds in Mitophagy and Related Neurodegenerative Diseases. Toxins (Basel) 2023; 15:202. [PMID: 36977093 PMCID: PMC10058020 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15030202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease or Parkinson's disease, significantly reduce the quality of life of patients and eventually result in complete maladjustment. Disruption of the synapses leads to a deterioration in the communication of nerve cells and decreased plasticity, which is associated with a loss of cognitive functions and neurodegeneration. Maintaining proper synaptic activity depends on the qualitative composition of mitochondria, because synaptic processes require sufficient energy supply and fine calcium regulation. The maintenance of the qualitative composition of mitochondria occurs due to mitophagy. The regulation of mitophagy is usually based on several internal mechanisms, as well as on signals and substances coming from outside the cell. These substances may directly or indirectly enhance or weaken mitophagy. In this review, we have considered the role of some compounds in process of mitophagy and neurodegeneration. Some of them have a beneficial effect on the functions of mitochondria and enhance mitophagy, showing promise as novel drugs for the treatment of neurodegenerative pathologies, while others contribute to a decrease in mitophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eduard Korkotian
- Department of Brain Sciences, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7630031, Israel
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14
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The Effect and Mechanism of Syringa pinnatifolia Hemsl. Ligans on Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury and Oxidative Stress in Mice. Neurochem Res 2023; 48:1822-1834. [PMID: 36723726 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-022-03855-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Lignans are the main components of Syringa pinnatifolia Hemsl. (SP). Previous studies have shown that SP lignans (SPL) can considerably improve CCl4-induced acute liver injury in mice by the anti-oxidative stress (OS) mechanism. In this study, we investigated the antioxidant effects of SPL on cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury (CIRI) and its underlying molecular mechanism. We developed a middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (MCAO/R) model in mice to achieve CIRI and orally administered SPL daily for 1-3 days. We evaluated neurological function deficits and performed hematoxylin and eosin staining. We further calculated the infarct volume. Malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) in the brain were detected using corresponding kits. The transcription and protein levels of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1), and NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1 (NQO1) in brain tissues were analyzed by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and western blotting, respectively. The results showed that SPL could remarkably ameliorate neurological functions and pathological damage in brain tissues, reducing the cerebral infarct volume. It also increased the SOD and GPx activities decreased the MDA levels as well as inhibited the expression of (NOX)2 and NOX4. We also found that the mRNA and protein levels of Nrf2, HO-1, and NQO1 in the CIRI mice increased transiently and peaked at 24 h of reperfusion, and then began to decline. SPL could reverse decreasing Nrf2 and HO-1 levels after 24 h. In conclusion, SPL can alleviate CIRI and OS by activating the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway.
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15
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Liu L, Chen D, Zhou Z, Yuan J, Chen Y, Sun M, Zhou M, Liu Y, Sun S, Chen J, Zhao L. Traditional Chinese medicine in treating ischemic stroke by modulating mitochondria: A comprehensive overview of experimental studies. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1138128. [PMID: 37033646 PMCID: PMC10073505 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1138128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke has been a prominent focus of scientific investigation owing to its high prevalence, complex pathogenesis, and difficulties in treatment. Mitochondria play an important role in cellular energy homeostasis and are involved in neuronal death following ischemic stroke. Hence, maintaining mitochondrial function is critical for neuronal survival and neurological improvement in ischemic stroke, and mitochondria are key therapeutic targets in cerebral stroke research. With the benefits of high efficacy, low cost, and high safety, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has great advantages in preventing and treating ischemic stroke. Accumulating studies have explored the effect of TCM in preventing and treating ischemic stroke from the perspective of regulating mitochondrial structure and function. In this review, we discuss the molecular mechanisms by which mitochondria are involved in ischemic stroke. Furthermore, we summarized the current advances in TCM in preventing and treating ischemic stroke by modulating mitochondria. We aimed to provide a new perspective and enlightenment for TCM in the prevention and treatment of ischemic stroke by modulating mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Liu
- Acupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Daohong Chen
- Acupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ziyang Zhou
- Acupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jing Yuan
- Acupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Acupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Mingsheng Sun
- Acupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Mengdi Zhou
- Acupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Acupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Shiqi Sun
- Acupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jiao Chen
- Acupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Acupuncture and Chronobiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- *Correspondence: Ling Zhao, ; Jiao Chen,
| | - Ling Zhao
- Acupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Acupuncture and Chronobiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- *Correspondence: Ling Zhao, ; Jiao Chen,
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16
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The Mitochondrial Enzyme 17βHSD10 Modulates Ischemic and Amyloid-β-Induced Stress in Primary Mouse Astrocytes. eNeuro 2022; 9:ENEURO.0040-22.2022. [PMID: 36096650 PMCID: PMC9536859 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0040-22.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe brain metabolic dysfunction and amyloid-β accumulation are key hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD). While astrocytes contribute to both pathologic mechanisms, the role of their mitochondria, which is essential for signaling and maintenance of these processes, has been largely understudied. The current work provides the first direct evidence that the mitochondrial metabolic switch 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 10 (17βHSD10) is expressed and active in murine astrocytes from different brain regions. While it is known that this protein is overexpressed in the brains of AD patients, we found that 17βHSD10 is also upregulated in astrocytes exposed to amyloidogenic and ischemic stress. Importantly, such catalytic overexpression of 17βHSD10 inhibits mitochondrial respiration during increased energy demand. This observation contrasts with what has been found in neuronal and cancer model systems, which suggests astrocyte-specific mechanisms mediated by the protein. Furthermore, the catalytic upregulation of the enzyme exacerbates astrocytic damage, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and mitochondrial network alterations during amyloidogenic stress. On the other hand, 17βHSD10 inhibition through AG18051 counters most of these effects. In conclusion, our data represents novel insights into the role of astrocytic mitochondria in metabolic and amyloidogenic stress with implications of 17βHSD10 in multiple neurodegenerative mechanisms.
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17
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Li J, Bu Y, Li B, Zhang H, Guo J, Hu J, Zhang Y. Calenduloside E alleviates cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury by preserving mitochondrial function. J Mol Histol 2022; 53:713-727. [PMID: 35819738 PMCID: PMC9374638 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-022-10087-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Calenduloside E (CE) isolated from Aralia elata (Miq.) Seem. is a natural triterpenoid saponin that can reportedly ameliorate myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury. However, its potential roles and mechanism in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury are barely understood. In this study, we established an oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) model in HT22 cells. We found that CE significantly attenuated the OGD/R-induced inhibition of cell viability and apoptotic cell death in HT22 cells. Moreover, CE treatment significantly ameliorated OGD/R-induced mitochondrial fission by inhibiting mitochondrial dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) recruitment and increasing Drp1 phosphorylation at Ser637. CE treatment significantly ameliorated OGD/R-induced mitochondrial dysfunction by increasing the mitochondrial membrane potential and reducing the mitochondrial ROS and cellular calcium accumulation. Moreover, CE treatment significantly inhibited the OGD/R-induced release of mitochondrial Cytochrome C and increase in Bax, Cleaved-caspase3 and Cleaved-caspase9 protein levels, whereas CE treatment significantly reversed the OGD/R-induced decrease in Bcl-2 and full length of caspase3 and caspase9 protein levels. In vivo, we found that CE treatment significantly ameliorated ischemic/hypoxic-induced brain infarct volume, neurological deficits, and neuronal apoptosis in mice after middle cerebral artery occlusion and reperfusion. CE treatment also significantly ameliorated the mitochondrial transmembrane potential, decreased Cytochrome C release, and reversed the increase in Bax, Cleaved-caspase3 and Cleaved-caspase9 protein levels and the decrease in Bcl-2 and full length of caspase3 and caspase9 protein levels induced by cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R). All these results indicated that CE treatment exerted a neuroprotective effect by ameliorating mitochondrial dysfunction during cerebral I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianxiong Li
- Department of Neurology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, 730030, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
| | - Yujie Bu
- Department of Neurology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, 730030, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
| | - Bin Li
- Department of Neurology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, 730030, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
| | - Hailin Zhang
- Neurosurgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, 730030, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China.
| | - Jia Guo
- Department of Neurology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, 730030, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
| | - Jianping Hu
- Department of Neurology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, 730030, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
| | - Yanfang Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, 730030, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
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18
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Shu J, Fang XH, Li YJ, Deng Y, Wei WS, Zhang L. Microglia-induced autophagic death of neurons via IL-6/STAT3/miR-30d signaling following hypoxia/ischemia. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:7697-7707. [PMID: 35655056 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07587-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a relationship between autophagy and the occurrence, maintenance, and progression of several neurodegenerative diseases. The activation of microglia after ischemia contributes to neuronal injury via proinflammatory cytokines and neurotoxic elements. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the function of autophagy in the microglia-mediated death of neuronal cells. METHODS AND RESULTS Microglial activation by oxygen/glucose deprivation induced both apoptosis and autophagy in neuron-like PC12 cells. Microglia-derived interleukin (IL)-6 induced PC12 cell apoptosis in vitro; however, this effect was inhibited by the autophagy inhibitor chloroquine. Further analysis demonstrated that miR-30d in PC12 cells suppressed microglia-induced PC12 apoptosis and autophagy by directly targeting autophagy protein 5. Moreover, microglia-derived IL-6 activated signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), which can then directly repress miR-30d genes via a conserved STAT3-binding site in its promoter, thereby promoting PC12 cell autophagy and apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS Our study identified IL-6-dependent autophagy-related signaling between microglia and neurons, which contributed to neuronal apoptosis. Importantly, we also provided potential therapeutic targets for ischemic treatment via the interruption of proinflammatory signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Shu
- Department of Neurology, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, 200040, Shanghai, China.,Stroke Center, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, 200040, Shanghai, China
| | - Xu-Hao Fang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, 200040, Shanghai, China
| | - Ya-Jian Li
- Department of Neurology, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, 200040, Shanghai, China.,Stroke Center, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, 200040, Shanghai, China
| | - Yao Deng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, 200040, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen-Shi Wei
- Department of Neurology, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, 200040, Shanghai, China.,Stroke Center, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, 200040, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, 200040, Shanghai, China. .,Stroke Center, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, 200040, Shanghai, China. .,Department of Neurology, Stroke Center, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, 221West Yan An Road, 200040, Shanghai, China.
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19
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Roles of Nitric Oxide in Brain Ischemia and Reperfusion. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23084243. [PMID: 35457061 PMCID: PMC9028809 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) is one of the most severe clinical manifestations of ischemic stroke, placing a significant burden on both individuals and society. The only FDA-approved clinical treatment for ischemic stroke is tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA), which rapidly restores cerebral blood flow but can have severe side effects. The complex pathological process of brain I/R has been well-established in the past few years, including energy metabolism disorders, cellular acidosis, doubling of the synthesis or release of excitotoxic amino acids, intracellular calcium homeostasis, free radical production, and activation of apoptotic genes. Recently, accumulating evidence has shown that NO may be strongly related to brain I/R and involved in complex pathological processes. This review focuses on the role of endogenous NO in pathological processes in brain I/R, including neuronal cell death and blood brain barrier disruption, to explore how NO impacts specific signaling cascades and contributes to brain I/R injury. Moreover, NO can rapidly react with superoxide to produce peroxynitrite, which may also mediate brain I/R injury, which is discussed here. Finally, we reveal several therapeutic approaches strongly associated with NO and discuss their potential as a clinical treatment for ischemic stroke.
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20
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Yang YD, Li ZX, Hu XM, Wan H, Zhang Q, Xiao R, Xiong K. Insight into Crosstalk Between Mitophagy and Apoptosis/Necroptosis: Mechanisms and Clinical Applications in Ischemic Stroke. Curr Med Sci 2022; 42:237-248. [PMID: 35391618 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-022-2579-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is a serious cerebrovascular disease with high morbidity and mortality. As a result of ischemia-reperfusion, a cascade of pathophysiological responses is triggered by the imbalance in metabolic supply and demand, resulting in cell loss. These cellular injuries follow various molecular mechanisms solely or in combination with this disorder. Mitochondria play a driving role in the pathophysiological processes of ischemic stroke. Once ischemic stroke occurs, damaged cells would respond to such stress through mitophagy. Mitophagy is known as a conservatively selective autophagy, contributing to the removal of excessive protein aggregates and damaged intracellular components, as well as aging mitochondria. Moderate mitophagy may exert neuroprotection against stroke. Several pathways associated with the mitochondrial network collectively contribute to recovering the homeostasis of the neurovascular unit. However, excessive mitophagy would also promote ischemia-reperfusion injury. Therefore, mitophagy is a double-edged sword, which suggests that maximizing the benefits of mitophagy is one of the direction of future efforts. This review emphasized the role of mitophagy in ischemic stroke, and highlighted the crosstalk between mitophagy and apoptosis/necroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-di Yang
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Zi-Xin Li
- Clinical Medicine Eight-year Program, 03 Class, 18 Grade, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Xi-Min Hu
- Clinical Medicine Eight-Year Program, 02 Class, 17 Grade, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Hao Wan
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Rui Xiao
- Administrative Office, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China.
| | - Kun Xiong
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China. .,Hunan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Changsha, 410008, China. .,Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma, Ministry of Education, College of Emergency and Trauma, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, China.
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21
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Mitochondrial Implications in Cardiovascular Aging and Diseases: The Specific Role of Mitochondrial Dynamics and Shifts. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23062951. [PMID: 35328371 PMCID: PMC8949229 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23062951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease has been, and remains, one of the leading causes of death in the modern world. The elderly are a particularly vulnerable group. The aging of the body is inevitably accompanied by the aging of all its systems, and the cardiovascular system is no exception. The aging of the cardiovascular system is a significant risk factor for the development of various diseases and pathologies, from atherosclerosis to ischemic stroke. Mitochondria, being the main supplier of energy necessary for the normal functioning of cells, play an important role in the proper functioning of the cardiovascular system. The functioning of each individual cell and the organism as a whole depends on their number, structure, and performance, as well as the correct operation of the system in removing non-functional mitochondria. In this review, we examine the role of mitochondria in the aging of the cardiovascular system, as well as in diseases (for example, atherosclerosis and ischemic stroke). We pay special attention to changes in mitochondrial dynamics since the shift in the balance between fission and fusion is one of the main factors associated with various cardiovascular pathologies.
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22
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Nhu NT, Li Q, Liu Y, Xu J, Xiao SY, Lee SD. Effects of Mdivi-1 on Neural Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Mitochondria-Mediated Apoptosis in Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury After Stroke: A Systematic Review of Preclinical Studies. Front Mol Neurosci 2021; 14:778569. [PMID: 35002619 PMCID: PMC8740201 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2021.778569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This systematic review sought to determine the effects of Mitochondrial division inhibitor-1 (Mdivi-1) on neural mitochondrial dysfunction and neural mitochondria-mediated apoptosis in ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury after ischemic stroke. Pubmed, Web of Science, and EMBASE databases were searched through July 2021. The studies published in English language that mentioned the effects of Mdivi-1 on neural mitochondrial dysfunction and neural mitochondria-mediated apoptosis in I/R-induced brain injury were included. The CAMARADES checklist (for in vivo studies) and the TOXRTOOL checklist (for in vitro studies) were used for study quality evaluation. Twelve studies were included (median CAMARADES score = 6; TOXRTOOL scores ranging from 16 to 18). All studies investigated neural mitochondrial functions, providing that Mdivi-1 attenuated the mitochondrial membrane potential dissipation, ATP depletion, and complexes I-V abnormalities; enhanced mitochondrial biogenesis, as well as inactivated mitochondrial fission and mitophagy in I/R-induced brain injury. Ten studies analyzed neural mitochondria-mediated apoptosis, showing that Mdivi-1 decreased the levels of mitochondria-mediated proapoptotic factors (AIF, Bax, cytochrome c, caspase-9, and caspase-3) and enhanced the level of antiapoptotic factor (Bcl-2) against I/R-induced brain injury. The findings suggest that Mdivi-1 can protect neural mitochondrial functions, thereby attenuating neural mitochondria-mediated apoptosis in I/R-induced brain injury. Our review supports Mdivi-1 as a potential therapeutic compound to reduce brain damage in ischemic stroke (PROSPERO protocol registration ID: CRD42020205808). Systematic Review Registration: [https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/], identifier [CRD42020205808].
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Thanh Nhu
- Faculty of Medicine, Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Can Tho, Vietnam
| | - Qing Li
- Department of Rehabilitation, Shanghai Xuhui Central Hospital/Zhongshan-Xuhui Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yijie Liu
- Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Xu
- Department of Brain and Mental Disease, Shanghai Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shu-Yun Xiao
- Department of Brain and Mental Disease, Shanghai Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shin-Da Lee
- Department of Physical Therapy, Graduate Institute of Rehabilitation Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Physical Therapy, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
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23
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On the Common Journey of Neural Cells through Ischemic Brain Injury and Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22189689. [PMID: 34575845 PMCID: PMC8472292 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemic brain injury and Alzheimer's disease (AD) both lead to cell death in the central nervous system (CNS) and thus negatively affect particularly the elderly population. Due to the lack of a definitive cure for brain ischemia and AD, it is advisable to carefully study, compare, and contrast the mechanisms that trigger, and are involved in, both neuropathologies. A deeper understanding of these mechanisms may help ameliorate, or even prevent, the destructive effects of neurodegenerative disorders. In this review, we deal with ischemic damage and AD, with the main emphasis on the common properties of these CNS disorders. Importantly, we discuss the Wnt signaling pathway as a significant factor in the cell fate determination and cell survival in the diseased adult CNS. Finally, we summarize the interesting findings that may improve or complement the current sparse and insufficient treatments for brain ischemia and AD, and we delineate prospective directions in regenerative medicine.
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Yang B, Li Y, Ma Y, Zhang X, Yang L, Shen X, Zhang J, Jing L. Selenium attenuates ischemia/reperfusion injury‑induced damage to the blood‑brain barrier in hyperglycemia through PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway‑mediated autophagy inhibition. Int J Mol Med 2021; 48:178. [PMID: 34296284 PMCID: PMC8354314 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2021.5011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is a leading cause of mortality and disability. Diabetes mellitus, characterized by hyperglycemia, is a common concomitant disease of ischemic stroke, which is associated with autophagy dysfunction and blood‑brain barrier (BBB) damage following cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. At present, there is no effective treatment strategy for the disease. The purpose of the present study was to explore the molecular mechanisms underlying the protective effects of selenium on the BBB following I/R injury in hyperglycemic rats. Middle cerebral artery occlusion was performed in diabetic Sprague‑Dawley rats. Treatment with selenium and the autophagy inhibitor 3‑methyladenine significantly reduced cerebral infarct volume, brain water content and Evans blue leakage, while increasing the expression of tight junction (TJ) proteins and decreasing that of autophagy‑related proteins (P<0.05). In addition, selenium increased the phosphorylation levels of PI3K, AKT and mTOR (P<0.05). A mouse bEnd.3 brain microvascular endothelial cell line was co‑cultured in vitro with an MA‑h mouse astrocyte‑hippocampal cell line to simulate the BBB. The cells were then subjected to hyperglycemia, followed by oxygen‑glucose deprivation for 1 h and reoxygenation for 24 h. It was revealed that selenium increased TJ protein levels, reduced BBB permeability, decreased autophagy levels and enhanced the expression of phosphorylated (p)‑AKT/AKT and p‑mTOR/mTOR proteins (P<0.05). Treatment with wortmannin (an inhibitor of PI3K) significantly prevented the beneficial effects of selenium on the BBB, whereas insulin‑like growth factor 1 (a PI3K activator) mimicked the effects of selenium. In conclusion, the present findings indicated that selenium can inhibit autophagy by regulating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway, significantly preventing BBB damage following cerebral I/R injury in hyperglycemic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biao Yang
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Diseases, School of Basic Medical Science, Incubation Base of National Key Laboratory, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region 750004, P.R. China
| | - Yaqiong Li
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Diseases, School of Basic Medical Science, Incubation Base of National Key Laboratory, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region 750004, P.R. China
| | - Yanmei Ma
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Diseases, School of Basic Medical Science, Incubation Base of National Key Laboratory, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region 750004, P.R. China
| | - Xiaopeng Zhang
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Diseases, School of Basic Medical Science, Incubation Base of National Key Laboratory, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region 750004, P.R. China
| | - Lan Yang
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Diseases, School of Basic Medical Science, Incubation Base of National Key Laboratory, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region 750004, P.R. China
| | - Xilin Shen
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Diseases, School of Basic Medical Science, Incubation Base of National Key Laboratory, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region 750004, P.R. China
| | - Jianzhong Zhang
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Diseases, School of Basic Medical Science, Incubation Base of National Key Laboratory, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region 750004, P.R. China
| | - Li Jing
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Diseases, School of Basic Medical Science, Incubation Base of National Key Laboratory, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region 750004, P.R. China
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25
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Maeda M, Suzuki M, Takashima S, Sasaki T, Oh-Hashi K, Takemori H. The new live imagers MitoMM1/2 for mitochondrial visualization. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 562:50-54. [PMID: 34034093 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.05.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are eukaryotic organelles that consist of outer and inner bilayer membranes with a positive potential (H+) in the intermembrane space. This organelle plays an important role in ATP production and apoptosis. To observe the mitochondria in living cells, several fluorescent dyes (such as MitoTracker® [a standard mitochondrial imager] or rhodamine 123) have been developed. However, these reagents are unstable and exhibit a wide range of emission spectra, thereby hampering double staining results. Using recombinant DNA techniques, green or red fluorescent protein (GFP or RFP)-tagged proteins are now available for multi-color labeling of mitochondria. Here, we have discussed the development of the novel mitochondrial live imagers MitoMM1/2, derivatives of ATTO565; furthermore, MitoMM1/2 are sensitive to the membrane potential, resistant to detergents, and the fluorescence of MitoMM1/2 does not overlap with green fluorescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miwa Maeda
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
| | - Mayu Suzuki
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
| | - Shigeo Takashima
- Division of Genomics Research, Life Science Research Center, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Sasaki
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kentaro Oh-Hashi
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Takemori
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan.
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26
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Doblado L, Lueck C, Rey C, Samhan-Arias AK, Prieto I, Stacchiotti A, Monsalve M. Mitophagy in Human Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22083903. [PMID: 33167334 PMCID: PMC8069949 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22083903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitophagy is a selective autophagic process, essential for cellular homeostasis, that eliminates dysfunctional mitochondria. Activated by inner membrane depolarization, it plays an important role during development and is fundamental in highly differentiated post-mitotic cells that are highly dependent on aerobic metabolism, such as neurons, muscle cells, and hepatocytes. Both defective and excessive mitophagy have been proposed to contribute to age-related neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s diseases, metabolic diseases, vascular complications of diabetes, myocardial injury, muscle dystrophy, and liver disease, among others. Pharmacological or dietary interventions that restore mitophagy homeostasis and facilitate the elimination of irreversibly damaged mitochondria, thus, could serve as potential therapies in several chronic diseases. However, despite extraordinary advances in this field, mainly derived from in vitro and preclinical animal models, human applications based on the regulation of mitochondrial quality in patients have not yet been approved. In this review, we summarize the key selective mitochondrial autophagy pathways and their role in prevalent chronic human diseases and highlight the potential use of specific interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Doblado
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Alberto Sols” (CSIC-UAM), Arturo Duperier 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (L.D.); (C.L.); (C.R.)
| | - Claudia Lueck
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Alberto Sols” (CSIC-UAM), Arturo Duperier 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (L.D.); (C.L.); (C.R.)
| | - Claudia Rey
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Alberto Sols” (CSIC-UAM), Arturo Duperier 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (L.D.); (C.L.); (C.R.)
| | - Alejandro K. Samhan-Arias
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid e Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Alberto Sols” (CSIC-UAM), Arturo Duperier 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Ignacio Prieto
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de la Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Isaac Peral 42, 28015 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Alessandra Stacchiotti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Universita’ Degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 31, 20133 Milan, Italy
- U.O. Laboratorio di Morfologia Umana Applicata, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, 20097 Milan, Italy
- Correspondence: (A.S.); (M.M.)
| | - Maria Monsalve
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Alberto Sols” (CSIC-UAM), Arturo Duperier 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (L.D.); (C.L.); (C.R.)
- Correspondence: (A.S.); (M.M.)
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