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Gao L, Peng L, Wang J, Zhang JH, Xia Y. Mitochondrial stress: a key role of neuroinflammation in stroke. J Neuroinflammation 2024; 21:44. [PMID: 38321473 PMCID: PMC10845693 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-024-03033-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Stroke is a clinical syndrome characterized by an acute, focal neurological deficit, primarily caused by the occlusion or rupture of cerebral blood vessels. In stroke, neuroinflammation emerges as a pivotal event contributing to neuronal cell death. The occurrence and progression of neuroinflammation entail intricate processes, prominently featuring mitochondrial dysfunction and adaptive responses. Mitochondria, a double membrane-bound organelle are recognized as the "energy workshop" of the body. Brain is particularly vulnerable to mitochondrial disturbances due to its high energy demands from mitochondria-related energy production. The interplay between mitochondria and neuroinflammation plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of stroke. The biological and pathological consequences resulting from mitochondrial stress have substantial implications for cerebral function. Mitochondrial stress serves as an adaptive mechanism aimed at mitigating the stress induced by the import of misfolded proteins, which occurs in response to stroke. This adaptive response involves a reduction in misfolded protein accumulation and overall protein synthesis. The influence of mitochondrial stress on the pathological state of stroke is underscored by its capacity to interact with neuroinflammation. The impact of mitochondrial stress on neuroinflammation varies according to its severity. Moderate mitochondrial stress can bolster cellular adaptive defenses, enabling cells to better withstand detrimental stressors. In contrast, sustained and excessive mitochondrial stress detrimentally affects cellular and tissue integrity. The relationship between neuroinflammation and mitochondrial stress depends on the degree of mitochondrial stress present. Understanding its role in stroke pathogenesis is instrumental in excavating the novel treatment of stroke. This review aims to provide the evaluation of the cross-talk between mitochondrial stress and neuroinflammation within the context of stroke. We aim to reveal how mitochondrial stress affects neuroinflammation environment in stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya School of Medicine, Affiliated Haikou Hospital, Central South University, Haikou, 570208, China
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA
| | - Li Peng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Affiliated Haikou Hospital, Central South University, Haikou, 570208, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya School of Medicine, Affiliated Haikou Hospital, Central South University, Haikou, 570208, China
| | - John H Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA.
- Department of Neurosurgery and Anesthesiology, Loma Linda University Medical Center, Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA.
| | - Ying Xia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya School of Medicine, Affiliated Haikou Hospital, Central South University, Haikou, 570208, China.
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Csecsei P, Olah C, Varnai R, Simon D, Erdo-Bonyar S, Berki T, Czabajszki M, Zavori L, Schwarcz A, Molnar T. Different Kinetics of Serum ADAMTS13, GDF-15, and Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin in the Early Phase of Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11005. [PMID: 37446186 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241311005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15), neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), and ADAMTS13 have previously been implicated in the pathophysiological processes of SAH. In the present study, we aim to examine their role in the early period of SAH and their relationship to primary and secondary outcomes. Serum samples were collected at five time periods after SAH (at 24 h (D1), at 72 h (D3), at 120 h (D5), at 168 h (D7) and at 216 h (D9), post-admission) and) were measured by using MILLIPLEX Map Human Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) Magnetic Bead Panel 2. We included 150 patients with SAH and 30 healthy controls. GDF-15 levels at D1 to D9 were significantly associated with a 3-month unfavorable outcome. Based on the ROC analysis, in patients with a good clinical grade at admission (WFNS I-III), the GDF-15 value measured at time point D3 predicted a 3-month unfavorable outcome (cut-off value: 3.97 ng/mL, AUC:0.833, 95%CI: 0.728-0.938, sensitivity:73.7%, specificity:82.6%, p < 0.001). Univariate binary logistic regression analysis showed that serum NGAL levels at D1-D5 and ADAMTS13 levels at D7-D9 were associated with MVS following SAH. GDF-15 is an early indicator of a poor 3-month functional outcome even in patients with mild clinical conditions at admission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Csecsei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical School, University of Pecs, 7624 Pecs, Hungary
| | - Csaba Olah
- Neurosurgical Unit, B.A.Z. County Hospital, 3526 Miskolc, Hungary
| | - Reka Varnai
- Department of Primary Health Care, Medical School, University of Pecs, 7624 Pecs, Hungary
| | - Diana Simon
- Department of Immunology and Biotechnology, Medical School, University of Pecs, 7624 Pecs, Hungary
| | - Szabina Erdo-Bonyar
- Department of Immunology and Biotechnology, Medical School, University of Pecs, 7624 Pecs, Hungary
| | - Timea Berki
- Department of Immunology and Biotechnology, Medical School, University of Pecs, 7624 Pecs, Hungary
| | - Mate Czabajszki
- Neurosurgical Unit, B.A.Z. County Hospital, 3526 Miskolc, Hungary
| | - Laszlo Zavori
- Emergency Department, Saudi German Hospital, Dubai 391093, United Arab Emirates
| | - Attila Schwarcz
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical School, University of Pecs, 7624 Pecs, Hungary
| | - Tihamer Molnar
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Medical School, University of Pecs, 7624 Pecs, Hungary
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Mathews L, Hu X, Ding N, Ishigami J, Al Rifai M, Hoogeveen RC, Coresh J, Ballantyne CM, Selvin E, Matsushita K. Growth Differentiation Factor 15 and Risk of Bleeding Events: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study. J Am Heart Assoc 2023; 12:e023847. [PMID: 36927042 PMCID: PMC10111534 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.121.023847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Background GDF15 (growth differentiation factor 15) is a potent predictor of bleeding in people with cardiovascular disease. However, whether GDF15 is associated with bleeding in individuals without a history of cardiovascular disease is unknown. Methods and Results The study population was from the ARIC (Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities) study. We studied the association of GDF15 with hospitalized bleeding events among 9205 participants (1993-1995) without prior bleeding and cardiovascular disease (mean age 60 years, 57% women, 21% Black). Plasma levels of GDF15 were measured in relative fluorescence units using DNA-based aptamer technology. Bleeding was ascertained using discharge codes. We examined hazard ratios (HRs) of incident bleeding using Cox models and risk prediction with the addition of GDF15 to clinical predictors of bleeding. There were 1328 hospitalizations with bleeding during a median follow-up of 22.5 years. The majority (76.5%) were because of gastrointestinal bleeding. The absolute incidence rate of bleeding per 1000 person-years was 11.64 in the highest quartile of GDF15 versus 5.22 in the lowest quartile. The highest versus lowest quartile of GDF15 demonstrated an adjusted HR of 2.00 (95% CI, 1.69-2.35) for total bleeding. The findings were consistent when we examined bleeding as the primary discharge diagnosis. The addition of GDF15 to clinical predictors of bleeding improved the C-statistic by 0.006 (0.002-0.011) from 0.684 to 0.690, P=0.008. Conclusions Higher levels of GDF15 were associated with bleeding events and improved the risk prediction beyond clinical predictors in individuals without cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Mathews
- Department of Epidemiology, Welch Center Department of Epidemiology, Prevention and Clinical ResearchJohns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public HealthBaltimoreMD
- Division of CardiologyCiccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Johns Hopkins School of MedicineBaltimoreMD
| | - Xiao Hu
- Department of Epidemiology, Welch Center Department of Epidemiology, Prevention and Clinical ResearchJohns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public HealthBaltimoreMD
| | - Ning Ding
- Department of Epidemiology, Welch Center Department of Epidemiology, Prevention and Clinical ResearchJohns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public HealthBaltimoreMD
| | - Junichi Ishigami
- Department of Epidemiology, Welch Center Department of Epidemiology, Prevention and Clinical ResearchJohns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public HealthBaltimoreMD
| | - Mahmoud Al Rifai
- Division of CardiologyCiccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Johns Hopkins School of MedicineBaltimoreMD
- Houston Methodist DeBakey Heart & Vascular CenterHoustonTX
| | - Ron C. Hoogeveen
- Department of Medicine, Section of Cardiovascular Research HoustonBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTX
| | - Josef Coresh
- Department of Epidemiology, Welch Center Department of Epidemiology, Prevention and Clinical ResearchJohns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public HealthBaltimoreMD
| | - Christie M. Ballantyne
- Department of Medicine, Section of Cardiovascular Research HoustonBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTX
| | - Elizabeth Selvin
- Department of Epidemiology, Welch Center Department of Epidemiology, Prevention and Clinical ResearchJohns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public HealthBaltimoreMD
| | - Kunihiro Matsushita
- Department of Epidemiology, Welch Center Department of Epidemiology, Prevention and Clinical ResearchJohns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public HealthBaltimoreMD
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Growth Differentiation Factor-15 Correlates Inversely with Protease-Activated Receptor-1-Mediated Platelet Reactivity in Patients with Left Ventricular Assist Devices. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15040484. [PMID: 35455481 PMCID: PMC9031879 DOI: 10.3390/ph15040484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Growth differentiation factor (GDF)-15 inhibits platelet activation, prevents thrombus formation, and has been linked to bleeding events. This was a prospective study including 51 left-ventricular assist device (LVAD) patients on aspirin and phenprocoumon. Platelet surface expression of activated glycoprotein (GP) IIb/IIIa was assessed by flow cytometry, and platelet aggregation was measured by multiple electrode aggregometry (MEA) in response to arachidonic acid (AA), adenosine diphosphate (ADP), and thrombin receptor-activating peptide (TRAP), a protease-activated-receptor-1 (PAR-1) agonist. GDF-15 was determined with a commercially-available assay. There was a trend towards an inverse correlation of GDF-15 with activated GPIIb/IIIa in response to TRAP (r = −0.275, p = 0.0532) but not in response to AA and ADP. Moreover, GDF-15 correlated with MEA TRAP (r = −0.326, p = 0.0194), whereas it did not correlate with MEA ADP and MEA AA. In a second step, GDF-15 levels in the fourth quartile were defined as high GDF-15. Patients with high GDF-15 showed significantly lower TRAP-inducible platelet aggregation by MEA compared to patients in the first quartile (63 AU vs. 113 AU, p = 0.0065). In conclusion, in LVAD patients receiving state-of-the-art antithrombotic therapy, GDF-15 correlates inversely with residual platelet reactivity via PAR-1.
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López-Gálvez R, Rivera-Caravaca JM. Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15) in cardiovascular diseases: predicting bleeding after cardiac surgery and beyond that! Thromb Haemost 2022; 122:657-660. [PMID: 35144304 DOI: 10.1055/a-1768-4206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
No Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel López-Gálvez
- Cardiology, Hospital Clinico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
| | - José Miguel Rivera-Caravaca
- Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB-Arrixaca), Spain.,Cardiology, Hospital Clinico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
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