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Burrows K, Figueroa-Hall LK, Kuplicki R, Stewart JL, Alarbi AM, Ramesh R, Savitz JB, Teague TK, Risbrough VB, Paulus MP. Neuronally-enriched exosomal microRNA-27b mediates acute effects of ibuprofen on reward-related brain activity in healthy adults: a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial. Sci Rep 2022; 12:861. [PMID: 35039595 PMCID: PMC8764091 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-04875-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
This double-blind, randomized, within-subjects design evaluated whether acute administration of an anti-inflammatory drug modulates neuron-specific, inflammation-modulating microRNAs linked to macroscopic changes in reward processing. Twenty healthy subjects (10 females, 10 males) underwent a functional magnetic resonance imaging scan while performing a monetary incentive delay (MID) task and provided blood samples after administration of placebo, 200 mg, or 600 mg of ibuprofen. Neuronally-enriched exosomal microRNAs were extracted from serum and sequenced. Results showed that: (1) 600 mg of ibuprofen exhibited higher miR-27b-3p, miR-320b, miR-23b and miR-203a-3p expression than placebo; (2) higher mir-27b-3p was associated with lower insula activation during MID loss anticipation; and (3) there was an inverse relationship between miR-27b-3p and MID gain anticipation in bilateral putamen during placebo, a pattern attenuated by both 200 mg and 600 mg of ibuprofen. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that miR-27b could be an important messaging molecule that is associated with regulating the processing of positive or negative valenced information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiping Burrows
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, 6655 South Yale Ave, Tulsa, OK, 74136, USA.
| | | | - Rayus Kuplicki
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, 6655 South Yale Ave, Tulsa, OK, 74136, USA
| | - Jennifer L Stewart
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, 6655 South Yale Ave, Tulsa, OK, 74136, USA
- Department of Community Medicine, University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK, USA
| | - Ahlam M Alarbi
- Departments of Surgery and Psychiatry, School of Community Medicine, The University of Oklahoma, Tulsa, OK, USA
| | - Rajagopal Ramesh
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Jonathan B Savitz
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, 6655 South Yale Ave, Tulsa, OK, 74136, USA
- Department of Community Medicine, University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK, USA
| | - T Kent Teague
- Departments of Surgery and Psychiatry, School of Community Medicine, The University of Oklahoma, Tulsa, OK, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, The Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, Tulsa, OK, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Oklahoma College of Pharmacy, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Victoria B Risbrough
- Center of Excellence for Stress and Mental Health, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Martin P Paulus
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, 6655 South Yale Ave, Tulsa, OK, 74136, USA
- Department of Community Medicine, University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK, USA
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2
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Cosgrove KT, Kuplicki R, Savitz J, Burrows K, Simmons WK, Khalsa SS, Teague TK, Aupperle RL, Paulus MP. Impact of ibuprofen and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma on emotion-related neural activation: A randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Brain Behav Immun 2021; 96:135-142. [PMID: 34052365 PMCID: PMC8319138 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2021.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as ibuprofen have shown initial promise in producing antidepressant effects. This is perhaps due to these drugs being peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) agonists, in addition to their inhibition of cyclooxygenase enzymes. Some, albeit mixed, evidence suggests that PPARγ agonists have antidepressant effects in humans and animals. This double-blind, placebo-controlled, pharmacologic functional magnetic resonance imaging (ph-fMRI) study aimed to elucidate the impact of ibuprofen on emotion-related neural activity and determine whether observed effects were due to changes in PPARγ gene expression. Twenty healthy volunteers completed an emotional face matching task during three fMRI sessions, conducted one week apart. Placebo, 200 mg, or 600 mg ibuprofen was administered 1 h prior to each scan in a pseudo-randomized order. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were collected at each session to isolate RNA for PPARγ gene expression. At the doses used, ibuprofen did not significantly change PPARγ gene expression. Ibuprofen dose was associated with decreased blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) activation in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and fusiform gyrus during emotional face processing (faces-shapes). Additionally, PPARγ gene expression was associated with increased BOLD activation in the insula and transverse and superior temporal gyri (faces-shapes). No interaction effects between ibuprofen dose and PPARγ gene expression on BOLD activation were observed. Thus, results suggest that ibuprofen and PPARγ may have independent effects on emotional neurocircuitry. Future studies are needed to further delineate the roles of ibuprofen and PPARγ in exerting antidepressant effects in healthy as well as clinical populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly T. Cosgrove
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, 6655 S. Yale Ave., Tulsa, OK, 74136,Department of Psychology, University of Tulsa, 800 S. Tucker Dr., Tulsa, OK, 74104
| | - Rayus Kuplicki
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, 6655 S. Yale Ave., Tulsa, OK 74136 USA.
| | - Jonathan Savitz
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, 6655 S. Yale Ave., Tulsa, OK 74136 USA.
| | - Kaiping Burrows
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, 6655 S. Yale Ave., Tulsa, OK 74136 USA.
| | - W. Kyle Simmons
- Center for Health Sciences, Oklahoma State University, 1013 E 66th Pl, Tulsa, OK 74136
| | - Sahib S. Khalsa
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, 6655 S. Yale Ave., Tulsa, OK, 74136,School of Community Medicine, University of Tulsa, 800 S. Tucker Dr., Tulsa, OK, 74104
| | - T. Kent Teague
- School of Community Medicine, University of Oklahoma, 4502 E. 41st St., Tulsa, OK, 74135
| | - Robin L. Aupperle
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, 6655 S. Yale Ave., Tulsa, OK, 74136,School of Community Medicine, University of Tulsa, 800 S. Tucker Dr., Tulsa, OK, 74104
| | - Martin P. Paulus
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, 6655 S. Yale Ave., Tulsa, OK, 74136,School of Community Medicine, University of Tulsa, 800 S. Tucker Dr., Tulsa, OK, 74104
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3
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Shi Y, Wang Y, Zeng Y, Zhan H, Huang S, Cai G, Yang J, Wu W. Personality differences in brain network mechanisms for placebo analgesia and nocebo hyperalgesia in experimental pain: a functional magnetic resonance imaging study. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 9:371. [PMID: 33842592 PMCID: PMC8033354 DOI: 10.21037/atm-20-5123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Placebo and nocebo responses have been increasingly gaining the attention of clinical and scientific researchers. Inconsistent conclusions from current studies indicate that different factors potentially affect both placebo and nocebo responses. Increasing evidence suggests that personality differences may affect the mechanisms of both two responses. In the present work, we explored the characteristics of neural signals of placebo and nocebo responses based on functional connectivity (FC) analysis and Granger causality analysis (GCA). Methods A total of 34 healthy participants received conditional induction training to establish placebo and nocebo responses. Every participant completed the following experimental workflow, including scanning of baseline, experimental low back pain model establishment, scanning of acute pain status, and scanning of placebo response or nocebo response. We collect visual analogue scale (VAS) data after each scanning. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data from different personality groups were subjected to FC analysis and multivariate GCA (mGCA). Results Pain scores for placebo and nocebo responses were statistically different across different personality. There are also statistically differences in the neural signals of two responses across different personality. Conclusions The findings of the present study indicated that extroverted and introverted participants are likely to experience placebo analgesic effects and nocebo hyperalgesia effects, respectively. Both extroverted and introverted participants showed significant changes in brain networks under placebo response. Variation in emotional control and ventromedial prefrontal cortex inactivity may constitute the bulk of the personality differences in placebo analgesia. Differences in the regulation of the sensory conduction system (SCS) and release of the emotional circuit could be important factors affecting personality differences in nocebo hyperalgesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Shi
- Department of Rehabilitation, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yaping Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanyan Zeng
- Department of Rehabilitation, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongrui Zhan
- Department of Rehabilitation, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Shimin Huang
- Department of Rehabilitation, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guiyuan Cai
- Department of Rehabilitation, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianming Yang
- Department of Radiology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wen Wu
- Department of Rehabilitation, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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4
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Klaus J, Schutter DJLG. Functional topography of anger and aggression in the human cerebellum. Neuroimage 2020; 226:117582. [PMID: 33221449 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.117582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
New insights into the functional neuroanatomic correlates of emotions point toward the involvement of the cerebellum in anger and aggression. To identify cerebellar regions commonly activated in tasks examining the experience of anger and threat as well as exerting an aggressive response, two coordinate-based activation likelihood estimation meta-analyses reporting a total of 57 cerebellar activation foci from 819 participants were performed. For anger processing (18 studies), results showed significant clusters in the bilateral posterior cerebellum, overlapping with results from previous meta-analyses on emotion processing, and implying functional connectivity to cognitive, limbic, and social canonic networks in the cerebral cortex. By contrast, active aggression expression (10 studies) was associated with significant clusters in more anterior regions of the cerebellum, overlapping with cerebellar somatosensory and motor regions and displaying functional connectivity with the somatomotor and default mode network. This study not only strengthens the notion that the cerebellum is involved in emotion processing, but also provides the first quantitative evidence for distinct cerebellar functional activation patterns related to anger and aggression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Klaus
- Utrecht University, Helmholtz Institute, Department of Experimental Psychology The Netherlands
| | - Dennis J L G Schutter
- Utrecht University, Helmholtz Institute, Department of Experimental Psychology The Netherlands.
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5
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Shamsi Meymandi M, Sepehri G, Moslemizadeh A, Vakili Shahrbabaki S, Bashiri H. Prenatal pregabalin is associated with sex-dependent alterations in some behavioral parameters in valproic acid-induced autism in rat offspring. Int J Dev Neurosci 2020; 80:500-511. [PMID: 32588482 DOI: 10.1002/jdn.10046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was performed to evaluate the effects of prenatal exposure to pregabalin (PGB) on behavioral changes of rat offspring in an animal model of valproic acid (VPA)-induced autism-like symptoms. Pregnant rats received VPA (600 mg/kg/i.p.) once at 12.5 gestational days for autism-like symptom induction in offspring. After the delivery single male and single female offspring from each mother were randomly selected for behavioral test (anxiety, pain response, pleasure, and motor function) at 60th day adulthood (n = 7). Offspring received prenatal PGB (15 & 30 mg/kg/i.p.) during gestational days 9.5 to 15.5 either alone or in combination with VPA (PGB15, PGB30, PGB15 + VPA, and PGB30 + VPA). Control offspring received normal saline during the same period. The result showed that prenatal VPA exposure was associated with autism-like behaviors in rat offspring. PGB treatment during the gestational period revealed significant reduction in sucrose preference test and anxiety in elevated plus maze and open field test in offspring. Also, PGB treatments exhibited a dose-dependent increase in pain threshold in prenatally VPA exposed rats in tail-flick and hot plate test. Also, there was a sex-related significant impairment in motor function in beam balance and open field test, and male rats were affected more than females. However, no significant sex differences in sucrose preference and pain sensitivity were observed in prenatal PGB-treated rat offspring. In conclusion, prenatal exposure to VPA increased the risk of autism-like behaviors in the offspring rats, and PGB treatment during the gestational period was associated with some beneficial effects, including anxiety reduction and motor impairment in autism-like symptoms in rat offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manzumeh Shamsi Meymandi
- Pathology and Stem Cells Research Center, Kerman Medical School, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.,Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Sepehri
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | | | | | - Hamideh Bashiri
- Physiology Research Center, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical School, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sirjan School of Medical Sciences, Sirjan, Iran
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6
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Hibi D, Takamoto K, Iwama Y, Ebina S, Nishimaru H, Matsumoto J, Takamura Y, Yamazaki M, Nishijo H. Impaired hemodynamic activity in the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex is associated with impairment of placebo analgesia and clinical symptoms in postherpetic neuralgia. IBRO Rep 2020; 8:56-64. [PMID: 32095656 PMCID: PMC7033353 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibror.2020.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) is functionally linked to the descending pain modulation system and has been implicated in top down pain inhibition, including placebo analgesia. Therefore, functions of the dlPFC may be impaired in patients with chronic pain. Postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) is one of several syndromes with chronic neuropathic pain. In the present study, we investigated possible dysfunction of the dlPFC in chronic pain using patients with PHN. In a conditioning phase, heathy controls (n = 15) and patients with PHN (n = 7) were exposed to low (LF) and high (HF) frequency tones associated with noxious stimuli: weak (WS) and strong (SS) electrical stimulation, respectively. After the conditioning, cerebral hemodynamic activity was recorded from the bilateral dlPFC while the subjects were subjected to the cue tone-noxious electrical stimulation paradigm, in which incorrectly cued noxious stimuli were sometimes delivered to induce placebo and nocebo effects. The results indicated that hemodynamic responses to the LF tone in the right dlPFC was significantly lower in patients with PHN compared to the healthy controls. Furthermore, the same hemodynamic responses in the right dlPFC were correlated with placebo effects. In addition, clinical symptoms of PHN were negatively correlated to cerebral hemodynamic responses in the right dlPFC and magnitudes of the placebo effects. The results suggest that the right dlPFC, which is closely associated with the descending pain modulation system, is disturbed in PHN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Hibi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Japan
| | - Kouichi Takamoto
- System Emotional Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Japan.,Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Faculty of Human Sciences, University of East Asia, Japan
| | - Yudai Iwama
- System Emotional Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Japan
| | - Shohei Ebina
- System Emotional Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nishimaru
- System Emotional Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Japan
| | - Jumpei Matsumoto
- System Emotional Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Japan
| | - Yusaku Takamura
- System Emotional Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Japan
| | - Mitsuaki Yamazaki
- Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Japan
| | - Hisao Nishijo
- System Emotional Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Japan
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7
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Abstract
Facial affect recognition deficits following traumatic brain injury (TBI) have been well documented, as has their relationship with impairment in several other cognitive domains. However, little is known about the neurobiological mechanisms underlying affect recognition deficits, in particular mechanisms underlying different aspects of facial affect recognition (e.g., perceptual and interpretive processes). In the current study, 33 adults with moderate-to-severe TBI and 24 demographically matched healthy comparison (HC) participants completed an fMRI facial affect recognition study. While in the scanner, participants were asked to match the affect of a target face to either (a) one of two faces differing in affect (perceptual condition) or (b) one of two written affect labels (interpretative condition). In both groups we found activations in regions typically involved in affect recognition. Our results revealed that in the perceptual condition individuals with TBI tended to activate the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex less than HCs, and within the HC group individuals with higher perceptual affect recognition scores showed higher levels of activation in the same brain region. Individuals with TBI who were specifically impaired at interpretative affect recognition showed less activation than HCs in the right fusiform gyrus. Moreover, in the labeling condition individuals with TBI tended to de-activate medial prefrontal regions less than HCs. A region of interest analysis revealed that individuals with TBI showed significantly less activation than HCs in the FFA for all the contrasts of interest. Our results suggest involvement of several brain regions in facial affect recognition impairment post TBI, and provide neurobiological support for the notion that distinct aspects of facial affect recognition can be differentially impaired following TBI.
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8
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Bach DR, Korn CW, Vunder J, Bantel A. Effect of valproate and pregabalin on human anxiety-like behaviour in a randomised controlled trial. Transl Psychiatry 2018; 8:157. [PMID: 30115911 PMCID: PMC6095858 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-018-0206-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Revised: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Valproate is an anticonvulsant drug with strong preclinical evidence for reducing anxiety behaviour in rodents but no clear clinical evidence. To motivate clinical trials, we here investigate the use of valproate in a translational human model of anxiety behaviour. In a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial, n = 118 healthy participants played a previously validated approach/avoidance conflict computer game to measure anxiety-like behaviour, while under 400 mg valproate, under 200 mg of the established anxiolytic/anticonvulsant pregabalin, or under placebo. Saccadic peak velocity and subjective ratings were assessed to control for drug-induced sedation. Compared to placebo, valproate and pregabaline were anxiolytic in the primary outcome, and several secondary outcomes. Bayesian model comparison decisively demonstrated no differences between the two drugs. Subjective and objective sedation was significantly more pronounced under pregabalin than valproate, but did not explain anxiolytic effects. We demonstrate acute anxiolytic properties of valproate in healthy humans. Both drugs have similar anxiolytic properties at the doses used. Valproate is less sedative than pregabalin. Our results suggest clinical trials on the use of valproate in anxiolytic treatment. More generally, we propose a strategy of screening drugs in human preclinical models that can directly be compared across species, such as the approach/avoidance conflict computer game used here. This approach could thus facilitate translational anxiety research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik R. Bach
- 0000 0004 1937 0650grid.7400.3Clinical Psychiatry Research, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland ,0000 0004 1937 0650grid.7400.3Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland ,0000000121901201grid.83440.3bWellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging and Max Planck-UCL Centre for Computational Psychiatry and Ageing Research, University College London, London, WC1 3BG UK
| | - Christoph W. Korn
- 0000 0004 1937 0650grid.7400.3Clinical Psychiatry Research, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland ,0000 0004 1937 0650grid.7400.3Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland ,0000 0001 2180 3484grid.13648.38Institute for Systems Neuroscience, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Johanna Vunder
- 0000 0004 1937 0650grid.7400.3Clinical Psychiatry Research, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland ,0000 0004 1937 0650grid.7400.3Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Antonia Bantel
- 0000 0004 1937 0650grid.7400.3Clinical Psychiatry Research, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland ,0000 0004 1937 0650grid.7400.3Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
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9
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Reduced frontal activity during a verbal fluency test in fibromyalgia: A near-infrared spectroscopy study. J Clin Neurosci 2018; 50:35-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2018.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Revised: 11/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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10
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Abstract
Anxiety disorders are among the most prevalent psychological issues worldwide, displaying the youngest age of onset and greatest chronicity of any mood or substance abuse disorder. Given the high social and economic cost imposed by these disorders, developing effective treatments is of the utmost importance. Anxiety disorders manifest in a variety of symptomatic phenotypes and are highly comorbid with other psychological diseases such as depression. These facts have made unraveling the complex underlying neural circuity an ever-present challenge for researchers. We offer a brief review on the neuroanatomy of anxiety disorders and discuss several currently available therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shehzad Khalid
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, St. George's University School of Medicine, Grenada, West Indies
| | - Marios Loukas
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, St. George's University School of Medicine, Grenada, West Indies
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11
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van Veenendaal TM, IJff DM, Aldenkamp AP, Hofman PAM, Vlooswijk MCG, Rouhl RPW, de Louw AJ, Backes WH, Jansen JFA. Metabolic and functional MR biomarkers of antiepileptic drug effectiveness: A review. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2015; 59:92-9. [PMID: 26475992 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2015.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Revised: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
As a large number of patients with epilepsy do not respond favorably to antiepileptic drugs (AEDs), a better understanding of treatment failure and the cause of adverse side effects is required. The working mechanisms of AEDs also alter neurotransmitter concentrations and brain activity, which can be measured using MR spectroscopy and functional MR imaging, respectively. This review presents an overview of clinical research of MR spectroscopy and functional MR imaging studies to the effects of AEDs on the brain. Despite the scarcity of studies associating MR findings to the effectiveness of AEDs, the current research shows clear potential regarding this matter. Several GABAergic AEDs have been shown to increase the GABA concentration, which was related to seizure reductions, while language problems due to topiramate have been associated with altered activation patterns measured with functional MR imaging. MR spectroscopy and functional MR imaging provide biomarkers that may predict individual treatment outcomes, and enable the assessment of mechanisms of treatment failure and cognitive side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamar M van Veenendaal
- Departments of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, PO Box 5800, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands; School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, PO Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Dominique M IJff
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, PO Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands; Epilepsy Center Kempenhaeghe, PO Box 61, 5590 AB Heeze, The Netherlands
| | - Albert P Aldenkamp
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, PO Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands; Epilepsy Center Kempenhaeghe, PO Box 61, 5590 AB Heeze, The Netherlands; Department of Neurology, Maastricht University Medical Center, PO Box 5800, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands; Department of Neurology, Gent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Gent, Belgium; Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Technology Eindhoven, PO Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Paul A M Hofman
- Departments of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, PO Box 5800, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands; School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, PO Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands; Epilepsy Center Kempenhaeghe, PO Box 61, 5590 AB Heeze, The Netherlands
| | - Marielle C G Vlooswijk
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, PO Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands; Epilepsy Center Kempenhaeghe, PO Box 61, 5590 AB Heeze, The Netherlands; Department of Neurology, Maastricht University Medical Center, PO Box 5800, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Rob P W Rouhl
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, PO Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands; Epilepsy Center Kempenhaeghe, PO Box 61, 5590 AB Heeze, The Netherlands; Department of Neurology, Maastricht University Medical Center, PO Box 5800, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Anton J de Louw
- Epilepsy Center Kempenhaeghe, PO Box 61, 5590 AB Heeze, The Netherlands; Department of Neurology, Maastricht University Medical Center, PO Box 5800, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands; Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Technology Eindhoven, PO Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Walter H Backes
- Departments of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, PO Box 5800, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands; School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, PO Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Jacobus F A Jansen
- Departments of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, PO Box 5800, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands; School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, PO Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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12
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Faingold CL, Blumenfeld H. Targeting Neuronal Networks with Combined Drug and Stimulation Paradigms Guided by Neuroimaging to Treat Brain Disorders. Neuroscientist 2015; 21:460-74. [PMID: 26150315 PMCID: PMC6287502 DOI: 10.1177/1073858415592377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Improved therapy of brain disorders can be achieved by focusing on neuronal networks, utilizing combined pharmacological and stimulation paradigms guided by neuroimaging. Neuronal networks that mediate normal brain functions, such as hearing, interact with other networks, which is important but commonly neglected. Network interaction changes often underlie brain disorders, including epilepsy. "Conditional multireceptive" (CMR) brain areas (e.g., brainstem reticular formation and amygdala) are critical in mediating neuroplastic changes that facilitate network interactions. CMR neurons receive multiple inputs but exhibit extensive response variability due to milieu and behavioral state changes and are exquisitely sensitive to agents that increase or inhibit GABA-mediated inhibition. Enhanced CMR neuronal responsiveness leads to expression of emergent properties--nonlinear events--resulting from network self-organization. Determining brain disorder mechanisms requires animals that model behaviors and neuroanatomical substrates of human disorders identified by neuroimaging. However, not all sites activated during network operation are requisite for that operation. Other active sites are ancillary, because their blockade does not alter network function. Requisite network sites exhibit emergent properties that are critical targets for pharmacological and stimulation therapies. Improved treatment of brain disorders should involve combined pharmacological and stimulation therapies, guided by neuroimaging, to correct network malfunctions by targeting specific network neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl L Faingold
- Departments of Pharmacology and Neurology, Division of Neurosurgery, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, USA
| | - Hal Blumenfeld
- Departmens of Neurology, Neurobiology, and Neurosurgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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13
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Beltramini GC, Cendes F, Yasuda CL. The effects of antiepileptic drugs on cognitive functional magnetic resonance imaging. Quant Imaging Med Surg 2015; 5:238-46. [PMID: 25853082 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2223-4292.2015.01.04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Accepted: 01/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The cognitive dysfunction caused by antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) has been extensively described, although the mechanisms underlying such collateral effects are still poorly understood. The combination of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies with pharmacological intervention (pharmaco-MRI or ph-MRI) offers the opportunity to investigate the effect of drugs such as AEDs on brain activity, including cognitive tasks. Here we review the studies that investigated the effects of AEDs [topiramate (TPM), lamotrigine (LMT), carbamazepine (CBZ), pregabalin (PGB), valproate (VPA) and levetiracetam (LEV)] on cognitive fMRI tasks. Despite the scarcity of fMRI studies focusing on the impact of AEDs on cognitive task, the results of recent work have provided important information about specific drug-related changes of brain function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fernando Cendes
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging, Department of Neurology, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Clarissa Lin Yasuda
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging, Department of Neurology, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
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14
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Nathan PJ, Phan KL, Harmer CJ, Mehta MA, Bullmore ET. Increasing pharmacological knowledge about human neurological and psychiatric disorders through functional neuroimaging and its application in drug discovery. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2013; 14:54-61. [PMID: 24565013 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2013.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2013] [Revised: 11/15/2013] [Accepted: 11/15/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Functional imaging methods such as fMRI have been widely used to gain greater understanding of brain circuitry abnormalities in CNS disorders and their underlying neurochemical basis. Findings suggest that: (1) drugs with known clinical efficacy have consistent effects on disease relevant brain circuitry, (2) brain activation changes at baseline or early drug effects on brain activity can predict long-term efficacy; and (3) fMRI together with pharmacological challenges could serve as experimental models of disease phenotypes and be used for screening novel drugs. Together, these observations suggest that drug related modulation of disease relevant brain circuitry may serve as a promising biomarker/method for use in drug discovery to demonstrate target engagement, differential efficacy, dose-response relationships, and prediction of clinically relevant changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradeep J Nathan
- Brain Mapping Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, UK; School of Psychology and Psychiatry, Monash University, Australia; New Medicines, UCB Pharma, Belgium.
| | - K Luan Phan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, USA; Mental Health Service Line, Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, USA
| | | | - Mitul A Mehta
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, UK
| | - Edward T Bullmore
- Brain Mapping Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, UK; GSK Clinical Unit Cambridge, GlaxoSmithKline, UK
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15
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Di Benedetto B, Rupprecht R. Targeting glia cells: novel perspectives for the treatment of neuropsychiatric diseases. Curr Neuropharmacol 2013; 11:171-85. [PMID: 23997752 PMCID: PMC3637671 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x11311020004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2012] [Revised: 10/30/2012] [Accepted: 11/02/2012] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuropsychiatric disorders are devastating mental illnesses with a high economic burden. The additional morbidity associated with social issues that arises along with the course of these diseases increases the need for a clear understanding of their etiopathogenesis to allow an implementation of novel pharmacological strategies. Yet a poor knowledge about interactions occurring at the glia-neuron interface in health and disease still hampers innovative discoveries, despite the fact that glia cells have been long described to actively participate in the regulation of brain circuits. The purpose of this review was to collect the scattered literature on the involvement of glia cells in neuropsychiatric disorders and to describe how also these cells besides neurons might be responsive to current pharmacological interventions. We hope thereby to offer alternative approaches for investigations that may open avenues to search for new potential targets for drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Di Benedetto
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany ; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Regensburg University, Germany
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