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Tielbeek JJ, van der Hooft M, Cohn MD, van de Ven PM, Polderman TJ, Veltman DJ, Posthuma D, Schuengel C, van Domburgh L, Popma A. The association between delinquent peer affiliation and disruptive behavior interacts with functional brain correlates of reward sensitivity: a biosocial interaction study in adolescent delinquents. Psychol Med 2024; 54:1544-1551. [PMID: 38044036 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291723003380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Affiliating with delinquent peers may stimulate the development of antisocial behavior, especially for adolescents who are sensitive to social rewards. The current study examines whether the association between delinquent peer affiliation (DPA) and disruptive behavior interacts with functional brain correlates of reward sensitivity in early onset male adolescents delinquents. METHODS Childhood arrestees (n = 126, mean age = 17.7 [s.d. 1.6]) completed a DPA questionnaire, and participated in an fMRI study in which reward sensitivity was operationalized through responsiveness of the ventral striatum (VS), amygdala, and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) during the monetary incentive delay paradigm (reward anticipation and outcome). Symptoms of disruptive behavior disorders (DBD) were assessed through structured psychiatric interviews (Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children) with adolescents. RESULTS DPA had a main effect on DBD symptoms. Adolescents with high VS reward responses showed a stronger significant positive association between DPA and DBD symptoms compared to low VS responders. No evidence for an interaction effect was found for the amygdala and mPFC. Post-hoc analyses revealed the positive association between DPA and DBD was only present in males, with a diminishing effect as age increased. CONCLUSIONS We found evidence for a biosocial interaction between DPA and reward sensitivity of the VS in relation to DBD symptom severity. This study provides the first evidence of an interaction effect between a brain mechanism and an environmental factor in relation to DBD symptoms, implying that susceptibility to influences of delinquent peers may intertwine with individual biological differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorim J Tielbeek
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychosocial Care, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Complex Trait Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten van der Hooft
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychosocial Care, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Moran D Cohn
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychosocial Care, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Peter M van de Ven
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tinca Jc Polderman
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychosocial Care, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dick J Veltman
- Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, VU Medical Center Amsterdam, Van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Danielle Posthuma
- Department of Complex Trait Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Carlo Schuengel
- Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences and Amsterdam Public Health Institute, Van der Boechorststraat 1, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lieke van Domburgh
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychosocial Care, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Arne Popma
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychosocial Care, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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2
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Chang J, Song D, Yu R. The double-edged sword of the hippocampus-ventromedial prefrontal cortex resting-state connectivity in stress susceptibility and resilience: A prospective study. Neurobiol Stress 2023; 27:100584. [PMID: 37965440 PMCID: PMC10641247 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2023.100584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The hippocampus has long been considered a pivotal region implicated in both stress susceptibility and resilience. A wealth of evidence from animal and human studies underscores the significance of hippocampal functional connectivity with the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) in these stress-related processes. However, there remains a scarcity of research that explores and contrasts the roles of hippocampus-vmPFC connectivity in stress susceptibility and resilience when facing a real-life traumatic event from a prospective standpoint. In the present study, we investigated the contributions of undirected and directed connectivity between the hippocampus and vmPFC to stress susceptibility and resilience within the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Our findings revealed that the left hippocampus-left vmPFC connectivity prior to the pandemic exhibited a negative correlation with both stress susceptibility and resilience. Specifically, individuals with stronger left hippocampus-left vmPFC connectivity reported experiencing fewer stress-related feelings during the outbreak period of the epidemic but displayed lower levels of stress resilience five months later. Our application of spectral dynamic causal modeling unveiled an additional inhibitory connectivity pathway from the left hippocampus to the left vmPFC in the context of stress susceptibility, which was notably absent in stress resilience. Furthermore, we observed a noteworthy positive association between self-inhibition of the vmPFC and stress susceptibility, with this effect proving substantial enough to predict an individual's susceptibility to stress; conversely, these patterns did not manifest in the realm of stress resilience. These findings enrich our comprehension of stress susceptibility and stress resilience and might have implications for innovative approaches to managing stress-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Chang
- Institute of Psychology, School of Public Policy, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Di Song
- Department of Management, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Rongjun Yu
- Department of Management, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
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3
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Hosseini-Kamkar N, Varvani Farahani M, Nikolic M, Stewart K, Goldsmith S, Soltaninejad M, Rajabli R, Lowe C, Nicholson AA, Morton JB, Leyton M. Adverse Life Experiences and Brain Function: A Meta-Analysis of Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Findings. JAMA Netw Open 2023; 6:e2340018. [PMID: 37910106 PMCID: PMC10620621 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.40018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Importance Adverse life experiences have been proposed to contribute to diverse mental health problems through an association with corticolimbic functioning. Despite compelling evidence from animal models, findings from studies in humans have been mixed; activation likelihood estimation (ALE) meta-analyses have failed to identify a consistent association of adverse events with brain function. Objective To investigate the association of adversity exposure with altered brain reactivity using multilevel kernel density analyses (MKDA), a meta-analytic approach considered more robust than ALE to small sample sizes and methodological differences between studies. Data Sources Searches were conducted using PsycInfo, Medline, EMBASE, and Web of Science from inception through May 4, 2022. The following search term combinations were used for each database: trauma, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), abuse, maltreatment, poverty, adversity, or stress; and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) or neuroimaging; and emotion, emotion regulation, memory, memory processing, inhibitory control, executive functioning, reward, or reward processing. Study Selection Task-based fMRI studies within 4 domains (emotion processing, memory processing, inhibitory control, and reward processing) that included a measure of adverse life experiences and whole-brain coordinate results reported in Talairach or Montreal Neurological Institute space were included. Conference abstracts, books, reviews, meta-analyses, opinions, animal studies, articles not in English, and studies with fewer than 5 participants were excluded. Data Extraction and Synthesis Using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses reporting guideline, 2 independent reviewers assessed abstracts and full-text articles for entry criteria. A third reviewer resolved conflicts and errors in data extraction. Data were pooled using a random-effects model and data analysis occurred from August to November 2022. Main Outcomes and Measures Peak activation x-axis (left-right), y-axis (posterior-anterior), and z-axis (inferior-superior) coordinates were extracted from all studies and submitted to MKDA meta-analyses. Results A total of 83 fMRI studies were included in the meta-analysis, yielding a combined sample of 5242 participants and 801 coordinates. Adversity exposure was associated with higher amygdala reactivity (familywise error rate corrected at P < .001; x-axis = 22; y-axis = -4; z-axis = -17) and lower prefrontal cortical reactivity (familywise error rate corrected at P < .001; x-axis = 10; y-axis = 60; z-axis = 10) across a range of task domains. These altered responses were only observed in studies that used adult participants and were clearest among those who had been exposed to severe threat and trauma. Conclusions and Relevance In this meta-analysis of fMRI studies of adversity exposure and brain function, prior adversity exposure was associated with altered adult brain reactivity to diverse challenges. These results might better identify how adversity diminishes the ability to cope with later stressors and produces enduring susceptibility to mental health problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niki Hosseini-Kamkar
- Now with: Atlas Institute for Veterans and Families, Royal Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Maja Nikolic
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Kaycee Stewart
- Department of Psychology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Mahdie Soltaninejad
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Reza Rajabli
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Cassandra Lowe
- Department of Psychology, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew A Nicholson
- Now with: Atlas Institute for Veterans and Families, Royal Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - J Bruce Morton
- Department of Psychology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Marco Leyton
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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4
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Boyle CC, Bower JE, Eisenberger NI, Irwin MR. Stress to inflammation and anhedonia: Mechanistic insights from preclinical and clinical models. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 152:105307. [PMID: 37419230 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
Anhedonia, as evidenced by impaired pleasurable response to reward, reduced reward motivation, and/or deficits in reward-related learning, is a common feature of depression. Such deficits in reward processing are also an important clinical target as a risk factor for depression onset. Unfortunately, reward-related deficits remain difficult to treat. To address this gap and inform the development of effective prevention and treatment strategies, it is critical to understand the mechanisms that drive impairments in reward function. Stress-induced inflammation is a plausible mechanism of reward deficits. The purpose of this paper is to review evidence for two components of this psychobiological pathway: 1) the effects of stress on reward function; and 2) the effects of inflammation on reward function. Within these two areas, we draw upon preclinical and clinical models, distinguish between acute and chronic effects of stress and inflammation, and address specific domains of reward dysregulation. By addressing these contextual factors, the review reveals a nuanced literature which might be targeted for additional scientific inquiry to inform the development of precise interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloe C Boyle
- Norman Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, UCLA, USA.
| | - Julienne E Bower
- Norman Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, UCLA, USA; Department of Psychology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Michael R Irwin
- Norman Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, UCLA, USA
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Kirk-Provencher KT, Hakimi RH, Andereas K, Penner AE, Gowin JL. NEURAL RESPONSE TO THREAT AND REWARD AMONG YOUNG ADULTS AT RISK FOR ALCOHOL USE DISORDER. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.07.20.23292969. [PMID: 37546975 PMCID: PMC10402225 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.20.23292969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Alcohol use disorder is 50% heritable; those with positive family histories represent an at-risk group within which we can test anticipation of threat and reward prior to development of harmful alcohol use. We examined neural correlates of the interaction between family history, threat anticipation (unpredictable threat), and monetary reward anticipation, in a sample of healthy young adults with (n=31) and without (n=44) family histories of harmful alcohol use. We used a modified Monetary Incentive Delay task with sustained threat of hearing a scream during fMRI. We examined the interaction between family history group, anticipation of threat, and anticipation of reward in the insula, nucleus accumbens, and medial prefrontal cortex. Family history positive individuals showed less activation in the left insula during both safe and threat blocks compared to family history negative individuals (p=0.005), but the groups did not differ as a function of unpredictable threat (p>0.70). We found an interaction (p=0.048) between cue and group in the right nucleus accumbens where the family history positive group showed less differentiation to the anticipation of gaining $5 and losing $5 relative to gaining $0. The family history positive group also reported less excitement for trials to gain $5 relative to gaining $0 (p<0.001). Prior to chronic heavy alcohol use, individuals with, relative to without, enriched risk may have diminished reward processing via both neural and behavioral markers to potential rewarding and negative consequences. Neural response to unpredictable threat may not be a contributing factor to risk at this stage.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rosa H. Hakimi
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus
| | - Keinada Andereas
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus
| | - Anne E. Penner
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus
| | - Joshua L. Gowin
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus
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6
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Rabinowitz JA, Ellis JD, Strickland JC, Hochheimer M, Zhou Y, Young AS, Curtis B, Huhn AS. Patterns of demoralization and anhedonia during early substance use disorder treatment and associations with treatment attrition. J Affect Disord 2023; 335:248-255. [PMID: 37192690 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although depressive symptoms represent a promising therapeutic target to promote recovery from substance use disorders (SUD), heterogeneity in their diagnostic presentation often hinders the ability to effectively tailor treatment. We sought to identify subgroups of individuals varying in depressive symptom phenotypes (i.e., demoralization, anhedonia), and examined whether these subgroups were associated with patient demographics, psychosocial health, and treatment attrition. METHODS Patients (N = 10,103, 69.2 % male) were drawn from a dataset of individuals who presented for admission to SUD treatment in the US. Participants reported on their demoralization and anhedonia approximately weekly for the first month of treatment, and on their demographics, psychosocial health, and primary substance at intake. Longitudinal latent profile analysis examined patterns of demoralization and anhedonia with treatment attrition as a distal outcome. RESULTS Four subgroups of individuals emerged: (1) High demoralization and anhedonia, (2) Remitting demoralization and anhedonia, (3) High demoralization, low anhedonia, and (4) Low demoralization and anhedonia. Relative to the Low demoralization and anhedonia subgroup, all the other profiles were more likely to discontinue treatment. Numerous between-profile differences were observed in demographics, psychosocial health, and primary substance. LIMITATIONS The racial and ethnic background of the sample was skewed towards White individuals; future research is needed to determine the generalizability of our findings to minoritized racial and ethnic groups. CONCLUSIONS We identified four clinical profiles that varied in the joint course of demoralization and anhedonia. Findings suggest specific subgroups might benefit from additional interventions and treatments that address their unique mental health needs during SUD recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill A Rabinowitz
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Jennifer D Ellis
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Justin C Strickland
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Martin Hochheimer
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Yijun Zhou
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Andrea S Young
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Brenda Curtis
- National Institutes of Health, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Andrew S Huhn
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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7
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Kruithof ES, Klaus J, Schutter DJLG. The human cerebellum in reward anticipation and reward outcome processing: An activation likelihood estimation meta-analysis. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 149:105171. [PMID: 37060968 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2023]
Abstract
The cerebellum generates internal prediction models and actively compares anticipated and actual outcomes in order to reach a desired end state. In this process, reward can serve as a reinforcer that shapes internal prediction models, enabling context-appropriate behavior. While the involvement of the cerebellum in reward processing has been established in animals, there is no detailed account of which cerebellar regions are involved in reward anticipation and reward outcome processing in humans. To this end, an activation likelihood estimation meta-analysis of functional neuroimaging studies was performed to investigate cerebellar functional activity patterns associated with reward anticipation and reward outcome processing in healthy adults. Results showed that reward anticipation (k=31) was associated with regional activity in the bilateral anterior lobe, bilateral lobule VI, left Crus I and the posterior vermis, while reward outcome (k=16) was associated with regional activity in the declive and left lobule VI. The findings of this meta-analysis show distinct involvement of the cerebellum in reward anticipation and reward outcome processing as part of a predictive coding routine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eline S Kruithof
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Helmholtz Institute, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 1, 3584 CS, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| | - Jana Klaus
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Helmholtz Institute, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 1, 3584 CS, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Dennis J L G Schutter
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Helmholtz Institute, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 1, 3584 CS, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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8
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Boyle CC, Cole SW, Irwin MR, Eisenberger NI, Bower JE. The role of inflammation in acute psychosocial stress-induced modulation of reward processing in healthy female adults. Brain Behav Immun Health 2023; 28:100588. [PMID: 36683947 PMCID: PMC9853307 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2023.100588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Anhedonia, or loss of interest and pleasure, is a pernicious symptom of depression that involves deficits in reward processing. Stress-induced inflammation is a plausible biopsychosocial mechanism of reward deficits, but little is known whether stress-induced inflammation alters reward behavior. The present study (a secondary analysis of a completed randomized controlled trial) tested whether acute stress activated a key pro-inflammatory transcription control pathway, NF-κB, and whether this activation was associated with acute stress-induced modulation of reward processing. Methods Healthy female adults (age 18-25) were randomized to undergo an acute psychosocial stressor (Trier Social Stress Test; n = 36) or a no-stress active control (n = 16). The Probabilistic Reward Task (PRT) (n = 30 stress; n = 12 control) was administered at baseline and at 90 min post-stress, coinciding with the peak of the stress-induced inflammatory response. Genome-wide expression profiling and bioinformatics analyses of NF-kB transcription factor activity were used to assess pro-inflammatory gene regulation. Results Relative to the control condition, stress increased bioinformatic measures of NF-κB transcription factor activity (p = .01) and increased reward response bias scores on the PRT (p = .03). Within the stress condition, greater NF-κB activity was associated with greater increases in PRT scores (p = .01), whereas in the control condition greater NF-κB activity was associated with decreases in PRT scores (p = .002). Conclusions Acute stress increases inflammatory signaling, and this effect is associated with increased reward processing. This demonstrates the reward system to be highly sensitive to inflammatory signaling, including the relatively mild alterations that occur following a single episode of acute psychosocial stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloe C. Boyle
- Norman Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, UCLA, USA,Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior at UCLA, Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, USA,Corresponding author. 300 UCLA Medical Plaza, Room 3200D, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
| | - Steve W. Cole
- Norman Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, UCLA, USA,Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior at UCLA, Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, USA,Division of Hemotology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, UCLA School of Medicine, USA
| | - Michael R. Irwin
- Norman Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, UCLA, USA,Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior at UCLA, Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, USA
| | | | - Julienne E. Bower
- Norman Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, UCLA, USA,Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior at UCLA, Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, USA,Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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9
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Mattheiss SR, Levinson H, Rosenberg-Lee M, Graves WW. Exposure to violence is associated with decreased neural connectivity in emotion regulation and cognitive control, but not working memory, networks after accounting for socioeconomic status: a preliminary study. BEHAVIORAL AND BRAIN FUNCTIONS : BBF 2022; 18:15. [PMID: 36503615 PMCID: PMC9743673 DOI: 10.1186/s12993-022-00201-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Previous research has demonstrated behavioral and neural differences associated with experiencing adversity. However, adversity is unlikely to be a monolithic construct, and we expect that examining effects of more specific components such as exposure to violence in the home community will yield more concretely interpretable results. Here we account for effects of low socioeconomic status (SES) to examine the specific effects of exposure to violence on functional connectivity between brain areas known to be related to emotion regulation and working memory. Decreased resting state functional connectivity for individuals exposed to high compared to low levels of violence during childhood was predicted for two sets of areas: (1) bilateral amygdala with anterior medial regions involved in cognitive control of emotion, and (2) the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) with frontal and parietal regions implicated in working memory. Consistent with our predictions, increasing exposure to violence was related to decreased resting state functional connectivity between the right amygdala and anterior cingulate cortex, even after accounting for SES. Also after accounting for SES, exposure to violence was related to reductions in connectivity between the right dlPFC and frontal regions, but not with parietal regions typically associated with working memory. Overall, this pattern suggests increased exposure to violence in childhood is associated with reduced connectivity among key areas of the circuitry involved in emotion regulation and cognitive control, but not working memory. These results offer insight into the neural underpinnings of behavioral outcomes associated with exposure to violence, laying the foundation for ultimately designing interventions to address the effects of such exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha R. Mattheiss
- grid.454556.30000 0000 9565 5747Psychology Department, Felician University, Lodi, NJ USA
| | - Hillary Levinson
- grid.430387.b0000 0004 1936 8796Psychology Department, Rutgers University - Newark, Newark, NJ USA
| | - Miriam Rosenberg-Lee
- grid.430387.b0000 0004 1936 8796Psychology Department, Rutgers University - Newark, Newark, NJ USA
| | - William W. Graves
- grid.430387.b0000 0004 1936 8796Psychology Department, Rutgers University - Newark, Newark, NJ USA
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10
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Chen Y, Chaudhary S, Li CSR. Shared and distinct neural activity during anticipation and outcome of win and loss: A meta-analysis of the monetary incentive delay task. Neuroimage 2022; 264:119764. [PMID: 36427755 PMCID: PMC9837714 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2022.119764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Reward and punishment motivate decision making and behavioral changes. Numerous studies have examined regional activities during anticipation and outcome of win and loss in the monetary incentive delay task (MIDT). However, the great majority of studies reported findings of anticipation or outcome and of win or loss alone. It remains unclear how the neural correlates share and differentiate amongst these processes. We conducted an Activation Likelihood Estimation meta-analysis of 81 studies of the MIDT (5,864 subjects), including 24 published since the most recent meta-analysis, to identify and, with conjunction and subtraction, contrast regional responses to win anticipation, loss anticipation, win outcome, and loss outcome. Win and loss anticipation engaged a shared network of bilateral anterior insula (AI), striatum, thalamus, supplementary motor area (SMA), and precentral gyrus. Win and loss outcomes did not share regional activities. Win and loss outcome each engaged higher activity in medial orbitofrontal cortex (mOFC) and dorsal anterior cingulate cortex. Bilateral striatum and right occipital cortex responded to both anticipation and outcome of win, and right AI to both phases of loss. Win anticipation vs. outcome engaged higher activity in bilateral AI, striatum, SMA and precentral gyrus and right thalamus, and lower activity in bilateral mOFC and posterior cingulate cortex as well as right inferior frontal and angular gyri. Loss anticipation relative to outcome involved higher activity in bilateral striatum and left AI. These findings collectively suggest shared and distinct regional responses during monetary wins and losses. Delineating the neural correlates of these component processes may facilitate empirical research of motivated behaviors and dysfunctional approach and avoidance in psychopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
| | - Shefali Chaudhary
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Chiang-Shan R Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Inter-department Neuroscience Program, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Wu Tsai Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
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11
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Chat IKY, Dunning EE, Bart CP, Carroll AL, Grehl MM, Damme KS, Abramson LY, Nusslock R, Alloy LB. The Interplay between Reward-Relevant Life Events and Trait Reward Sensitivity in Neural Responses to Reward Cues. Clin Psychol Sci 2022; 10:869-884. [PMID: 36381350 PMCID: PMC9662616 DOI: 10.1177/21677026211056627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
The reward hypersensitivity model posits that trait reward hypersensitivity should elicit hyper/hypo approach motivation following exposure to recent life events that activate (goal-striving and goal-attainment) or deactivate (goal-failure) the reward system, respectively. To test these hypotheses, eighty-seven young adults with high (HRew) versus moderate (MRew) trait reward sensitivity reported frequency of life events via the Life Event Interview. Brain activation was assessed during the fMRI Monetary Incentive Delay task. Greater exposure to goal-striving events was associated with higher nucleus accumbens (NAc) reward anticipation among HRew participants and lower orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) reward anticipation among MRew participants. Greater exposure to goal-failure events was associated with higher NAc and OFC reward anticipation only among HRew participants. This study demonstrated different neural reward anticipation (but not outcome) following reward-relevant events for HRew versus MRew individuals. Trait reward sensitivity and reward-relevant life events may jointly modulate reward-related brain function, with implications for understanding psychopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Ka-Yi Chat
- Department of Psychology, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Erin E. Dunning
- Department of Psychology, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Corinne P. Bart
- Department of Psychology, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Ann L. Carroll
- Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois
| | - Mora M. Grehl
- Department of Psychology, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | | | | | - Robin Nusslock
- Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois
| | - Lauren B. Alloy
- Department of Psychology, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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12
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Warner LA, Diaz JM, Osborne EW, Oi F, Reed CN. Evaluating connections between personal well-being and adoption of landscape best management practices: An audience segmentation study. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 302:113959. [PMID: 34731704 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Integrated pest management and outdoor water conservation comprise key practices encouraged by nonformal educators who work with the public to address significant issues related to water quality and availability. Disconnects among diverse audiences and educational programs pose challenges in achieving the goals of these types of programs. To discern a potential nonformal educational programming strategy, we conducted audience segmentation research incorporating residential environmental landscape best management practices and compared resulting subgroups' characteristics. We explored this paradigm through the context of Extension education and used a nationally-distributed electronic survey instrument to measure well-being and landscape management perceptions and practices in the United States. We collected 2601 complete survey responses and employed cluster analysis to divide the respondents into homogenous subgroups, followed by analysis of variance and chi-square analyses to identify differences among the subgroups. The group that indicated the highest level of engagement with water conservation and IPM practices also had significantly higher well-being, demonstrating the potential to align IPM education with more commonly promoted conservation practices. Membership in the highest IPM and water conservation group was related to several socio-demographic characteristics, including age, homeownership, and homeowners' association membership. This group was also most likely to engage with educational programs. Understanding these indicators of engagement in landscape best management practices and nonformal education, along with higher well-being, may be useful in determining target audiences and potential engagement with nonformal education programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura A Warner
- Department of Agricultural Education and Communication, University of Florida, PO Box 110540, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA; Center for Land Use Efficiency, University of Florida, 200 Mehrhof Hall, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.
| | - John M Diaz
- Department of Agricultural Education and Communication, University of Florida, PO Box 110540, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA; Gulf Coast Research and Education Center, University of Florida 1200 N Park Road, Plant City, FL, 33563, USA.
| | - Edward W Osborne
- Department of Agricultural Education and Communication, University of Florida, PO Box 110540, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.
| | - Faith Oi
- Entomology and Nematology Department, University of Florida, PO Box 110620, Building 970, Natural Area Drive, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.
| | - Caleb N Reed
- Food and Resource Economics Department, University of Florida, P.O. Box 110240, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.
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13
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Abstract
Anhedonia is a core feature of psychopathological conditions that have recent exposure to stress and trauma as central to their etiology. Indeed, evolutionary accounts of depression suggest that decreased motivation to pursue reward may be an adaptive strategy in the face of social stress, in particular, as it may serve to defuse interpersonal conflict. Through a review of rodent models and research with humans, we show that exposure to stress, particularly when it is chronic, repeated, and/or involves themes of social rejection or defeat, is consistently associated with reduced hedonic capacity ("liking"), motivation to pursue reward ("wanting"), and ability to learn from reward ("reward learning"). Further, across rodent and human research, there is evidence that females show greater stress-induced blunting of reward processing than males. In humans, this sex difference emerges most strongly when examining individual differences in the stress response rather than group differences in stress exposure. We discuss the implications of these findings for understanding the etiology of, and sex differences in, stress-related psychopathology, including depression and addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate L Harkness
- Department of Psychology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada.
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14
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Srirangarajan T, Mortazavi L, Bortolini T, Moll J, Knutson B. Multi-band FMRI compromises detection of mesolimbic reward responses. Neuroimage 2021; 244:118617. [PMID: 34600102 PMCID: PMC8626533 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.118617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent innovations in Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (FMRI) have sped data collection by enabling simultaneous scans of neural activity in multiple brain locations, but have these innovations come at a cost? In a meta-analysis and preregistered direct comparison of original data, we examined whether acquiring FMRI data with multi-band versus single-band scanning protocols might compromise detection of mesolimbic activity during reward processing. Meta-analytic results (n = 44 studies; cumulative n = 5005 subjects) indicated that relative to single-band scans, multi-band scans showed significantly decreased effect sizes for reward anticipation in the Nucleus Accumbens (NAcc) by more than half. Direct within-subject comparison of single-band versus multi-band scanning data (multi-band factors = 4 and 8; n = 12 subjects) acquired during repeated administration of the Monetary Incentive Delay task indicated that reductions in temporal signal-to-noise ratio could account for compromised detection of task-related responses in mesolimbic regions (i.e., the NAcc). Together, these findings imply that researchers should opt for single-band over multi-band scanning protocols when probing mesolimbic responses with FMRI. The findings also have implications for inferring mesolimbic activity during related tasks and rest, for summarizing historical results, and for using neuroimaging data to track individual differences in reward-related brain activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara Srirangarajan
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Leili Mortazavi
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Tiago Bortolini
- D'Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Jorge Moll
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States; D'Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Brian Knutson
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States.
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15
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Cooper JA, Nuutinen MR, Lawlor VM, DeVries BAM, Barrick EM, Hossein S, Cole DJ, Leonard CV, Hahn EC, Teer AP, Shields GS, Slavich GM, Ongur D, Jensen JE, Du F, Pizzagalli DA, Treadway MT. Reduced adaptation of glutamatergic stress response is associated with pessimistic expectations in depression. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3166. [PMID: 34039978 PMCID: PMC8155144 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23284-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Stress is a significant risk factor for the development of major depressive disorder (MDD), yet the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Preclinically, adaptive and maladaptive stress-induced changes in glutamatergic function have been observed in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). Here, we examine stress-induced changes in human mPFC glutamate using magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) in two healthy control samples and a third sample of unmedicated participants with MDD who completed the Maastricht acute stress task, and one sample of healthy control participants who completed a no-stress control manipulation. In healthy controls, we find that the magnitude of mPFC glutamate response to the acute stressor decreases as individual levels of perceived stress increase. This adaptative glutamate response is absent in individuals with MDD and is associated with pessimistic expectations during a 1-month follow-up period. Together, this work shows evidence for glutamatergic adaptation to stress that is significantly disrupted in MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Elyssa M Barrick
- Center for Depression, Anxiety and Stress Research, McLean Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - Shabnam Hossein
- Department of Psychology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Daniel J Cole
- Department of Psychology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Emma C Hahn
- Department of Psychology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Andrew P Teer
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Grant S Shields
- Department of Psychological Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - George M Slavich
- Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology and Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Dost Ongur
- Department of Psychiatry, McLean Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - J Eric Jensen
- McLean Imaging Center, McLean Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - Fei Du
- McLean Imaging Center, McLean Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - Diego A Pizzagalli
- Center for Depression, Anxiety and Stress Research, McLean Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, McLean Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, USA
- McLean Imaging Center, McLean Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - Michael T Treadway
- Department of Psychology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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16
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Pelletier-Baldelli A, Strauss GP, Kuhney FS, Chun C, Gupta T, Ellman LM, Schiffman J, Mittal VA. Perceived stress influences anhedonia and social functioning in a community sample enriched for psychosis-risk. J Psychiatr Res 2021; 135:96-103. [PMID: 33460840 PMCID: PMC7914219 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2021.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Existing animal and human research support the causal role of stress in the emergence of anhedonia, and in turn, the influence of anhedonia in social functioning. However, this model has not been tested in relation to psychosis-risk; this literature gap is notable given that both anhedonia and declining social functioning represent key markers of risk of developing a psychotic disorder such as schizophrenia. The current research tested the evidence for this model using structural equation modeling in 240 individuals selected based on a range of psychosis-risk symptomatology from the general community. Results supported this model in comparison with alternative models, and additionally emphasized the direct role of perceived stress in social functioning outcomes. Findings suggest the clinical relevance of targeting early perceptions of stress in individuals meeting psychosis-risk self-report criteria in an effort to prevent subsequent anhedonia and declines in social functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Franchesca S Kuhney
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Department of Psychology, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Charlotte Chun
- Temple University, Department of Psychology, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Tina Gupta
- Northwestern University, Department of Psychology, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Lauren M Ellman
- Temple University, Department of Psychology, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Vijay A Mittal
- Northwestern University, Department of Psychology, Evanston, IL, USA; Northwestern University, Department of Psychiatry, Evanston, IL, USA; Northwestern University, Institute for Policy Research, Evanston, IL, USA; Northwestern University, Department of Medical Social Science, Evanston, IL, USA
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17
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Bryce CA, Floresco SB. Central CRF and acute stress differentially modulate probabilistic reversal learning in male and female rats. Behav Brain Res 2020; 397:112929. [PMID: 32998044 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2020.112929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Acute stress can have variable and sometimes sex-dependent effects on different executive functions, including cognitive flexibility, some of which may be mediated by increased corticotropin releasing factor (CRF). Previous studies on the effects of stress and CRF on cognitive flexibility have used procedures entailing deterministic rewards, yet how they may alter behavior when outcomes are probabilistic is unclear. The present study examined how acute stress and increased CRF activity alters probabilistic reversal learning (PRL) in male and female rats. Rats learned to discriminate between a 'correct' lever rewarded on 80 % of trials, and an "incorrect" lever delivering reward on 20 % of trials, with reward contingencies reversed after 8 consecutive correct choices. Separate groups received either intracerebroventricular infusions of CRF (3 μg) or restraint stress prior to a PRL session. Experiments examined how these manipulations affected learning when given prior to a one-day acquisition test or during performance in well-trained rats. Exogenous CRF, and to a lesser extent acute stress, impaired motivation across sexes, slowing deliberation times and increasing the number of trials omitted, particularly following a switch in reward contingencies. Neither manipulation significantly altered errors or reversal performance. However, increased CRF activity reduced negative feedback sensitivity. Across manipulations, females showed increased omissions and choice latencies, and were less sensitive to feedback than males. These results reveal the complexity with which stress, CRF, sex, and experience interact to alter aspects of motivation and probabilistic reinforcement learning and provide insight into how CRF activity may contribute to symptoms of stress-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney A Bryce
- Department of Psychology and Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, 2136 West Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Stan B Floresco
- Department of Psychology and Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, 2136 West Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada.
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18
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Diaz J, Odera E, Warner L. Delving deeper: Exploring the influence of psycho-social wellness on water conservation behavior. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2020; 264:110404. [PMID: 32364958 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.110404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Public and nonprofit organizations are at the forefront of water scarcity issues using nonformal educational programs to drive behavior change towards water conservation. The efficacy of educational endeavors hinge on designing and delivering programs with considerations of the factors that will change relevant decisions and behaviors among residential landscape water users. The purpose of this study was to explore the concept of wellness and well-being, and its relationship to engagement in water conservation behaviors. To guide this evaluation, we integrated the theory of planned behavior with relevant tenets of cognitive and social psychology and included the psycho-social constructs of stress, perceived happiness and well-being. We conducted correlational and regression analyses to assess potential relationships. Overall, the results of the study show that each of the three different psycho-social measures behave differently with regards to current and future residential landscape water conservation behaviors. The models show that perceptions of well-being is the more consistent predictor for both current and future behaviors. Perceived happiness only served as a significant predictor for current behaviors. Stress simply demonstrated correlational relationships with current and future behaviors, not serving as a significant predictor. We suggest exploring the possibility of pairing and embedding educational programs focused on personal and family well-being with educational programs focused on environmental behavior. When we consider water conservation behavior as a function of more than knowledge and motivation, we can broaden our understanding of this behavior as a socially embedded experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Diaz
- Gulf Coast Research and Education Center, University of Florida, 1200 N. Park Rd., Plant City, FL, 33563, USA; Department of Agricultural Education and Communication, University of Florida, 117A Bryant Hall PO Box 112060, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.
| | - Erica Odera
- Feed the Future Innovation Lab for Lifestock Systems, University of Florida, P.O. Box 110910, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Laura Warner
- Department of Agricultural Education and Communication, University of Florida, 117A Bryant Hall PO Box 112060, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
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19
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Gaillard C, Guillod M, Ernst M, Federspiel A, Schoebi D, Recabarren RE, Ouyang X, Mueller-Pfeiffer C, Horsch A, Homan P, Wiest R, Hasler G, Martin-Soelch C. Striatal reactivity to reward under threat-of-shock and working memory load in adults at increased familial risk for major depression: A preliminary study. Neuroimage Clin 2020; 26:102193. [PMID: 32036303 PMCID: PMC7011085 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2020.102193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Anhedonia, a core symptom of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), manifests as a lack or loss of motivation as reflected by decreased reward responsiveness, at both behavioral and neural (i.e., striatum) levels. Exposure to stressful life events is another important risk factor for MDD. However, the mechanisms linking reward-deficit and stress to MDD remain poorly understood. Here, we explore whether the effects of stress exposure on reward processing might differentiate between Healthy Vulnerable adults (HVul, i.e., positive familial MDD) from Healthy Controls (HCon). Furthermore, the well-described reduction in cognitive resources in MDD might facilitate the stress-induced decrease in reward responsiveness in HVul individuals. Accordingly, this study includes a manipulation of cognitive resources to address the latter possibility. METHODS 16 HVul (12 females) and 16 gender- and age-matched HCon completed an fMRI study, during which they performed a working memory reward task. Three factors were manipulated: reward (reward, no-reward), cognitive resources (working memory at low and high load), and stress level (no-shock, unpredictable threat-of-shock). Only the reward anticipation phase was analyzed. Imaging analyses focused on striatal function. RESULTS Compared to HCon, HVul showed lower activation in the caudate nucleus across all conditions. The HVul group also exhibited lower stress-related activation in the nucleus accumbens, but only in the low working memory (WM) load condition. Moreover, while stress potentiated putamen reactivity to reward cues in HVul when the task was more demanding (high WM load), stress blunted putamen reactivity in both groups when no reward was at stake. CONCLUSION Findings suggest that HVul might be at increased risk of developing anhedonic symptoms due to weaker encoding of reward value, higher difficulty to engage in goal-oriented behaviors and increased sensitivity to negative feedback, particularly in stressful contexts. These findings open new avenues for a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying how the complex interaction between the systems of stress and reward responsiveness contribute to the vulnerability to MDD, and how cognitive resources might modulate this interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudie Gaillard
- IReach Lab, Unit of Clinical and Health Psychology, Department of Psychology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland; Section on Neurobiology of Fear and Anxiety, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
| | - Matthias Guillod
- IReach Lab, Unit of Clinical and Health Psychology, Department of Psychology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Monique Ernst
- Section on Neurobiology of Fear and Anxiety, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Andrea Federspiel
- Psychiatric Neuroimaging Unit, Translational Research Center, University Hospital of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Dominik Schoebi
- Unit of Clinical Family Psychology, Department of Psychology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Romina Evelyn Recabarren
- IReach Lab, Unit of Clinical and Health Psychology, Department of Psychology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Xinyi Ouyang
- iBM Lab, Department of Psychology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Mueller-Pfeiffer
- Department of Consultation-Liaison-Psychiatry and Psychosomatic Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Antje Horsch
- Department Woman-Mother-Child, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland; Institute of Higher Education and Research in Healthcare, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Philipp Homan
- Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, New York, New York, USA
| | - Roland Wiest
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University Hospital of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Gregor Hasler
- Unit of Psychiatry Research, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Chantal Martin-Soelch
- IReach Lab, Unit of Clinical and Health Psychology, Department of Psychology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
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20
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Zhang X, Li P, Chen J, Li H. Acute stress impairs reward positivity effect in probabilistic learning. Psychophysiology 2020; 57:e13531. [DOI: 10.1111/psyp.13531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xukai Zhang
- Brain Function and Psychological Science Research Center Shenzhen University Shenzhen China
- Faculty of Education and Psychology University of Jyväskylä Jyväskylä Finland
| | - Peng Li
- Brain Function and Psychological Science Research Center Shenzhen University Shenzhen China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Affective and Social Cognitive Science Shenzhen University Shenzhen China
| | - Jie Chen
- Institute of Psychology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Hong Li
- Brain Function and Psychological Science Research Center Shenzhen University Shenzhen China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Affective and Social Cognitive Science Shenzhen University Shenzhen China
- Center for Emotion and Brain Shenzhen Institute of Neuroscience Shenzhen China
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21
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Boyle CC, Stanton AL, Eisenberger NI, Seeman TE, Bower JE. Effects of stress-induced inflammation on reward processing in healthy young women. Brain Behav Immun 2020; 83:126-134. [PMID: 31580931 PMCID: PMC7324155 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2019.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anhedonia, or loss of interest or pleasure, is a feature of depression and transdiagnostic construct in psychopathology. Theory and compelling evidence from preclinical models implicates stress-induced inflammation as a psychobiological pathway to anhedonic behavior; however, this pathway has not been tested in human models. Further, although anhedonia may reflect dysregulation in multiple dimensions of reward, the extent to which stress-induced inflammation alters these dimensions is unclear. Thus, the current experimental study used a standardized laboratory stressor task to elicit an inflammatory response and evaluate effects of stress-induced inflammation on multiple behavioral indices of reward processing. METHODS Healthy young women (age 18-25) completed behavioral reward tasks assessing reward learning, motivation, and sensitivity and were randomized to undergo an acute psychosocial stressor (n = 37) or a no-stress active control (n = 17). Tasks were re-administered 90-120 min post-stress to coincide with the peak of the stress-induced inflammatory response. Blood samples were collected for assessment of the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6) at baseline and 90 and 120 min post stressor. RESULTS Stress-induced IL-6 was associated with increased response bias during reward learning and increased motivation when probability of receiving a reward was low. Sensitivity to reward in the context of a motivation task was not altered in association with stress-induced IL-6. CONCLUSIONS Contrary to hypotheses, mild increases in IL-6 following acute stress were associated with increased reward responsiveness during reward learning and selective increases in motivation. Results contribute to an emerging and nuanced literature linking inflammation to reward processing, and demonstrate that behavioral effects of stress-induced inflammation may be detected in the laboratory setting. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT03828604.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloe C. Boyle
- Norman Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States,Corresponding author at: Norman Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Behavior, Medical Plaza 300, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States. (C.C. Boyle)
| | - Annette L. Stanton
- Norman Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States,Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States,Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
| | - Naomi I. Eisenberger
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
| | - Teresa E. Seeman
- Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
| | - Julienne E. Bower
- Norman Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States,Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States,Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
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22
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The relationship between chronic perceived stress and error processing: evidence from event-related potentials. Sci Rep 2019; 9:11605. [PMID: 31406186 PMCID: PMC6690988 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-48179-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Prolonged exposure to stress has a wide effect on the brain and cognition. Error processing, as one of the crucial components of executive function, plays an important role in cognitive and behavior control. However, to date, there is little research addressing the relationship between chronic perceived stress and error processing. The present study aims to explore the relationship between chronic perceived stress by the Cohen Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) and different stages of error processing by the method of Event-Related Potential (ERP). The error processing was tested in a classical auditory Go/NoGo paradigm, and ERP components including early Error-related Negativity (ERN) and late Error Positivity (Pe) were computed as the indices of error processing. The results showed that the PSS score was positively correlated with the Pe amplitude but not with the ERN amplitude. The correlation between PSS and the Pe amplitude holds true even after controlling the trait anxiety and depression symptoms. These results suggest that the higher the chronic stress level, the more sensitive the individuals are to their own errors as well as the more emotional/motivated attention the individuals distributed to their own errors.
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23
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Wang S, Zhao Y, Zhang L, Wang X, Wang X, Cheng B, Luo K, Gong Q. Stress and the brain: Perceived stress mediates the impact of the superior frontal gyrus spontaneous activity on depressive symptoms in late adolescence. Hum Brain Mapp 2019; 40:4982-4993. [PMID: 31397949 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.24752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Identifying factors for the prediction of depression is a long-standing research topic in psychiatry and psychology. Perceived stress, which reflects the tendency to appraise one's life situations as stressful and overwhelming, has emerged as a stable predictor for depressive symptoms. However, the neurobiological bases of perceived stress and how perceived stress influences depressive symptoms in the healthy brain remain largely unknown. Here, we investigated these issues in 217 healthy adolescents by estimating the fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (fALFFs) via resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging. A whole-brain correlation analysis showed that higher levels of perceived stress were associated with greater fALFF in the left superior frontal gyrus (SFG), which is a core brain region for cognitive control and emotion regulation-related processes. Mediation analysis further indicated that perceived stress mediated the link between the fALFF in the left SFG and depressive symptoms. Importantly, our results remained significant even when excluding the influences of head motion, anxiety, SFG gray matter structure, and school environment. Altogether, our findings suggested that the fALFF in the left SFG is a neurofunctional marker of perceived stress in adolescents and revealed a potential indirect effect of perceived stress on the association between the SFG spontaneous activity and depressive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Wang
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Psychoradiology, Chengdu Mental Health Center, Chengdu, China.,Psychoradiology Research Unit of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2018RU011), West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yajun Zhao
- School of Sociology and Psychology, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Psychoradiology Research Unit of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2018RU011), West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xu Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiuli Wang
- Department of Psychoradiology, Chengdu Mental Health Center, Chengdu, China
| | - Bochao Cheng
- Department of Radiology, West China Second University Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Kui Luo
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiyong Gong
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Psychoradiology, Chengdu Mental Health Center, Chengdu, China.,Psychoradiology Research Unit of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2018RU011), West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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24
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Vidal-Ribas P, Benson B, Vitale AD, Keren H, Harrewijn A, Fox NA, Pine DS, Stringaris A. Bidirectional Associations Between Stress and Reward Processing in Children and Adolescents: A Longitudinal Neuroimaging Study. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY: COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2019; 4:893-901. [PMID: 31324591 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2019.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aberrations in both neural reward processing and stress reactivity are associated with increased risk for mental illness; yet, how these two factors relate to each other remains unclear. Several studies suggest that stress exposure impacts reward function, thus increasing risk for psychopathology. However, the alternative hypothesis, in which reward dysfunction impacts stress reactivity, has been rarely examined. The current study aimed to test both hypotheses using a longitudinal design. METHODS Participants were 38 children (23 girls; 61%) from a prospective cohort study. A standard stress-exposure measure was collected at 7 years of age. Children performed a well-validated imaging reward paradigm at age 10, and a standardized acute psychological stress laboratory protocol was administered both at age 10 and at age 13. Structural equation modeling was used to examine bidirectional associations between stress and neural response to reward anticipation. RESULTS Higher exposure to stressful life events at age 7 predicted lower neural response to reward anticipation in regions of the basal ganglia at age 10, which included ventral caudate, nucleus accumbens, putamen, and globus pallidus. Lower response to reward anticipation in medial prefrontal and anterior cingulate cortex predicted higher stress reactivity at age 13. CONCLUSIONS Our findings provide support for bidirectional associations between stress and reward processing, in that stress may impact reward anticipation, but also in that reduced reward anticipation may increase susceptibility to stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Vidal-Ribas
- Mood Brain and Development Unit, Emotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Brenda Benson
- Section on Development and Affective Neuroscience, Emotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Aria D Vitale
- Mood Brain and Development Unit, Emotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Hanna Keren
- Mood Brain and Development Unit, Emotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Anita Harrewijn
- Section on Development and Affective Neuroscience, Emotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Nathan A Fox
- Department of Human Development and Quantitative Methodology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland
| | - Daniel S Pine
- Section on Development and Affective Neuroscience, Emotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Argyris Stringaris
- Mood Brain and Development Unit, Emotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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25
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Gu R, Huang W, Camilleri J, Xu P, Wei P, Eickhoff SB, Feng C. Love is analogous to money in human brain: Coordinate-based and functional connectivity meta-analyses of social and monetary reward anticipation. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2019; 100:108-128. [PMID: 30807783 PMCID: PMC7250476 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Both social and material rewards play a crucial role in daily life and function as strong incentives for various goal-directed behaviors. However, it remains unclear whether the incentive effects of social and material reward are supported by common or distinct neural circuits. Here, we have addressed this issue by quantitatively synthesizing and comparing neural signatures underlying social (21 contrasts, 207 foci, 696 subjects) and monetary (94 contrasts, 1083 foci, 2060 subjects) reward anticipation. We demonstrated that social and monetary reward anticipation engaged a common neural circuit consisting of the ventral tegmental area, ventral striatum, anterior insula, and supplementary motor area, which are intensively connected during both task and resting states. Functional decoding findings indicate that this generic neural pathway mediates positive value, motivational relevance, and action preparation during reward anticipation, which together motivate individuals to prepare well for the response to the upcoming target. Our findings support the common neural currency hypothesis by providing the first meta-analytic evidence to quantitatively show the common involvement of brain regions in both social and material reward anticipation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruolei Gu
- Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenhao Huang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Learning and Cognition, and School of Psychology, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Julia Camilleri
- Institute of Systems Neuroscience, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Brain & Behaviour (INM-7), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Pengfei Xu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Affective and Social Neuroscience, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China; Center for Emotion and Brain, Shenzhen Institute of Neuroscience, Shenzhen, China; Department of Neuroscience, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Ping Wei
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Learning and Cognition, and School of Psychology, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China.
| | - Simon B Eickhoff
- Institute of Systems Neuroscience, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Brain & Behaviour (INM-7), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Chunliang Feng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, Center for Studies of Psychological Application, School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China.
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26
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Stanton CH, Holmes AJ, Chang SWC, Joormann J. From Stress to Anhedonia: Molecular Processes through Functional Circuits. Trends Neurosci 2018; 42:23-42. [PMID: 30327143 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2018.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2018] [Revised: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Converging evidence across species highlights the contribution of environmental stress to anhedonia (loss of pleasure and/or motivation). However, despite a clear link between stress and the emergence of anhedonic-like behavior in both human and animal models, the underlying biological pathways remain elusive. Here, we synthesize recent findings across multiple levels, from molecular signaling pathways through whole-brain networks, to discuss mechanisms through which stress may influence anhedonia. Recent work suggests the involvement of diverse systems that converge on the mesolimbic reward pathway, including medial-prefrontal cortical circuitry, neuroendocrine stress responses, homeostatic energy regulation systems, and inflammation. We conclude by emphasizing the need to disentangle the influences of key dimensions of stress on specific aspects of reward processing, taking into account individual differences that could moderate this relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin H Stanton
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA.
| | - Avram J Holmes
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Steve W C Chang
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Kavli Institute for Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Jutta Joormann
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
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27
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Hu K. Neural activity to threat in ventromedial prefrontal cortex correlates with individual differences in anxiety and reward processing. Neuropsychologia 2018; 117:566-573. [PMID: 29981291 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2018.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2018] [Revised: 07/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Emotion studies show that ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) plays a critical role in negative affect evaluation. Here we investigated two questions: Does the neural sensitivity to threat of bodily harm in vmPFC alter as anxiety levels increase? If the neural sensitivity to threat in vmPFC reflects a kind of general emotional processing, does it predict reward processing? To address these questions, we first recorded participants' self-reported anxiety. In an investigation of neural responses in vmPFC (Session 1), we measured brain activity (fMRI) associated with the anticipation of threat, using a sphere based ROI approach. In a behavioral experiment (Session 2), participants' reward processing efficiency was evaluated when they performed a visual discrimination task in which they had the opportunity to earn cash rewards. We found that across participants, there were tightly coupled associations between signal changes in the vmPFC and self-reported state anxiety. Specifically, participants who showed more activation in vmPFC to threat also exhibited greater behavioral efficiency in reward processing. Path analysis revealed a closely interconnected network of vmPFC (cortical) and VS (ventral striatum, subcortical) which predicted reward processing. Therefore, in addition to negative affect evaluation, neural sensitivity in vmPFC correlated with both anxiety and reward-related metrics. These results support an emerging model in which the vmPFC functions to defend the organism from acute stress and facilitate reward processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kesong Hu
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, DePauw University, Greencastle, IN 46135, USA; Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA; Department of Human Development, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA; Human Neuroscience Institute, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA.
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28
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Dugré JR, Dumais A, Bitar N, Potvin S. Loss anticipation and outcome during the Monetary Incentive Delay Task: a neuroimaging systematic review and meta-analysis. PeerJ 2018; 6:e4749. [PMID: 29761060 PMCID: PMC5949205 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.4749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 04/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Reward seeking and avoidance of punishment are key motivational processes. Brain-imaging studies often use the Monetary Incentive Delay Task (MIDT) to evaluate motivational processes involved in maladaptive behavior. Although the bulk of research has been done on the MIDT reward events, little is known about the neural basis of avoidance of punishment. Therefore, we conducted a meta-analysis of brain activations during anticipation and receipt of monetary losses in healthy controls. Methods All functional neuro-imaging studies using the MIDT in healthy controls were retrieved using PubMed, Google Scholar & EMBASE databases. Functional neuro-imaging data was analyzed using the Seed-based d Mapping Software. Results Thirty-five studies met the inclusion criteria, comprising 699 healthy adults. In both anticipation and loss outcome phases, participants showed large and robust activations in the bilateral striatum, (anterior) insula, and anterior cingulate gyrus relatively to Loss > Neutral contrast. Although relatively similar activation patterns were observed during the two event types, they differed in the pattern of prefrontal activations: ventro-lateral prefrontal activations were observed during loss anticipation, while medial prefrontal activations were observed during loss receipt. Discussion Considering that previous meta-analyses highlighted activations in the medial prefrontal cortex/anterior cingulate cortex, the anterior insula and the ventral striatum, the current meta-analysis highlighted the potential specificity of the ventro-lateral prefrontal regions, the median cingulate cortex and the amygdala in the loss events. Future studies can rely on these latter results to examine the neural correlates of loss processing in psychiatric populations characterized by harm avoidance or insensitivity to punishment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jules R Dugré
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Centre de recherche de l'Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Alexandre Dumais
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Centre de recherche de l'Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Institut Philippe-Pinel de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Nathalie Bitar
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Centre de recherche de l'Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Stéphane Potvin
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Centre de recherche de l'Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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29
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Oldham S, Murawski C, Fornito A, Youssef G, Yücel M, Lorenzetti V. The anticipation and outcome phases of reward and loss processing: A neuroimaging meta-analysis of the monetary incentive delay task. Hum Brain Mapp 2018; 39:3398-3418. [PMID: 29696725 PMCID: PMC6055646 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.24184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 257] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2017] [Revised: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The processing of rewards and losses are crucial to everyday functioning. Considerable interest has been attached to investigating the anticipation and outcome phases of reward and loss processing, but results to date have been inconsistent. It is unclear if anticipation and outcome of a reward or loss recruit similar or distinct brain regions. In particular, while the striatum has widely been found to be active when anticipating a reward, whether it activates in response to the anticipation of losses as well remains ambiguous. Furthermore, concerning the orbitofrontal/ventromedial prefrontal regions, activation is often observed during reward receipt. However, it is unclear if this area is active during reward anticipation as well. We ran an Activation Likelihood Estimation meta‐analysis of 50 fMRI studies, which used the Monetary Incentive Delay Task (MIDT), to identify which brain regions are implicated in the anticipation of rewards, anticipation of losses, and the receipt of reward. Anticipating rewards and losses recruits overlapping areas including the striatum, insula, amygdala and thalamus, suggesting that a generalised neural system initiates motivational processes independent of valence. The orbitofrontal/ventromedial prefrontal regions were recruited only during the reward outcome, likely representing the value of the reward received. Our findings help to clarify the neural substrates of the different phases of reward and loss processing, and advance neurobiological models of these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart Oldham
- Brain and Mental Health Research Hub, School of Psychological Sciences and the Monash Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neurosciences (MICCN), Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Carsten Murawski
- Department of Finance, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Alex Fornito
- Brain and Mental Health Research Hub, School of Psychological Sciences and the Monash Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neurosciences (MICCN), Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - George Youssef
- Cognitive Neuroscience Unit, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia.,Centre for Adolescent Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Australia
| | - Murat Yücel
- Brain and Mental Health Research Hub, School of Psychological Sciences and the Monash Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neurosciences (MICCN), Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Valentina Lorenzetti
- Brain and Mental Health Research Hub, School of Psychological Sciences and the Monash Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neurosciences (MICCN), Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,School of Psychology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Psychological Sciences, Institute of Psychology Health and Society, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
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30
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Maciejewski D, Lauharatanahirun N, Herd T, Lee J, Deater-Deckard K, King-Casas B, Kim-Spoon J. Neural cognitive control moderates the association between insular risk processing and risk-taking behaviors via perceived stress in adolescents. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2018; 30:150-158. [PMID: 29525416 PMCID: PMC6969092 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2018.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2017] [Revised: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Adolescence is a critical period for the initiation of risk-taking behaviors. We examined the longitudinal interplay between neural correlates of risk processing and cognitive control in predicting risk-taking behaviors via stress. The sample consisted of 167 adolescents (53% males) who were assessed twice (MAgeTime1 = 14.13, MAgeTime2 = 15.05). Neural risk processing was operationalized as blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) responses in the anterior insula during a lottery choice task and neural cognitive control as BOLD responses during an inhibitory control task. Adolescents reported on perceived stress and risk-taking behaviors. Structural equation modeling analyses indicated that low insular risk processing predicted increases in perceived stress, while perceived stress did not predict changes in insular risk processing across one year. Moreover, significant moderation by neural cognitive control indicated that low insular risk processing predicted increases in risk-taking behaviors via increases in perceived stress among adolescents with poor neural cognitive control, but not among adolescents with good neural cognitive control. The results suggest that risk processing in the anterior insular cortex plays an important role in stress experience and risk-taking behaviors particularly for vulnerable adolescents with poor neural cognitive control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique Maciejewski
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Public Health research institute, VU Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, Erasmus Medical Center-Sophia, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Nina Lauharatanahirun
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Tech, United States; Virginia Tech Carilion Research Institute, United States.
| | - Toria Herd
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Tech, United States.
| | - Jacob Lee
- Virginia Tech Carilion Research Institute, United States.
| | - Kirby Deater-Deckard
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Massachusetts, United States.
| | - Brooks King-Casas
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Tech, United States; Virginia Tech Carilion Research Institute, United States.
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31
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Szilasi ME, Pak K, Kardos L, Varga VE, Seres I, Mikaczo A, Fodor A, Szilasi M, Tajti G, Papp C, Gesztelyi R, Zsuga J. The Alteration of Irisin-Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Axis Parallels Severity of Distress Disorder in Bronchial Asthma Patients. Front Neurosci 2017; 11:653. [PMID: 29217995 PMCID: PMC5703837 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2017.00653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Distress disorder (a collective term for generalized anxiety disorder and major depressive disorder) is a well-known co-morbidity of bronchial asthma. The irisin-brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) axis is a pathway that influences several neurobehavioral mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of distress disorder. Thus, the aim of the present study was to quantify the serum irisin and BDNF concentrations in order to investigate the possible link between the irisin/BDNF axis and distress disorder in an asthma patient cohort. Data of 167 therapy-controlled asthma patients were analyzed. Demographic, anthropometric, and anamnestic data were collected, routine laboratory parameters supplemented with serum irisin and BDNF levels were determined, pulmonary function test was performed using whole-body plethysmography, and quality of life was quantified by means of the St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ). Correlation analysis as well as simple and multiple linear regression were used to assess the relationship between the irisin level and the Impacts score of SGRQ, which latter is indicative of the presence and severity of distress disorder. We have found a significant, positive linear relationship between the Impacts score and the reciprocal of irisin level. This association was stronger in patients whose BDNF level was higher, and it was weaker (and statistically non-significant) in patients whose BDNF level was lower. Our results indicate that higher serum irisin level together with higher serum BDNF level are associated with milder (or no) distress disorder. This finding suggests that alteration of the irisin/BDNF axis influences the presence and severity of distress disorder in asthma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdolna E Szilasi
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Krisztian Pak
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Laszlo Kardos
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Infectious Diseases and Allergology, Kenezy Gyula Teaching County Hospital and Outpatient Clinic, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Viktoria E Varga
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Ildiko Seres
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Angela Mikaczo
- Department of Pulmonology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Andrea Fodor
- Department of Pulmonology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Maria Szilasi
- Department of Pulmonology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Gabor Tajti
- Department of Health Systems Management and Quality Management for Health Care, Faculty of Public Health, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Csaba Papp
- Department of Health Systems Management and Quality Management for Health Care, Faculty of Public Health, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Rudolf Gesztelyi
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Judit Zsuga
- Department of Health Systems Management and Quality Management for Health Care, Faculty of Public Health, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
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32
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Garfield JBB, Cotton SM, Allen NB, Cheetham A, Kras M, Yücel M, Lubman DI. Evidence that anhedonia is a symptom of opioid dependence associated with recent use. Drug Alcohol Depend 2017; 177:29-38. [PMID: 28551591 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2017.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Revised: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anhedonia is prevalent among substance-dependent populations. The hedonic allostasis model suggests this is due to the effects of addictive substances on neural substrates of reward processing. However, previous research may have been confounded by other factors likely to influence anhedonia, including tobacco use, psychopathology, and history of trauma and other stressors. Thus it remains unclear whether elevated anhedonia in substance-dependent populations is caused by substance use itself, or is due to other correlates of substance dependence. METHODS Multivariate analysis of covariance was conducted to test whether opioid-dependent participants' anhedonia scores were elevated, relative to a non-dependent control group, after controlling for psychosocial factors likely to influence anhedonia. Correlational analyses within opioid-dependent participants were also conducted to examine whether anhedonia was associated with recent illicit opioid use or duration of abstinence. RESULTS There was a modest, but significant, elevation in anhedonia in opioid-dependent participants, relative to controls (Partial η2=0.034, p=0.041) after controlling for psychosocial variables that were associated with anhedonia. Depressive symptoms and history of post-traumatic stress disorder also remained significantly associated with anhedonia in the adjusted model. Among participants on opioid pharmacotherapy, there were significant associations between frequency of recent illicit opioid use and scores on anhedonia measures (all rs>0.25, p<0.013), but among abstinent opioid-dependent participants, relationships between duration of abstinence and anhedonia were not significant (all rs<0.24, p>0.22). CONCLUSION These findings support the hypothesis that use of opioids can cause anhedonia, although other psychosocial factors may also contribute to the high prevalence of anhedonia among opioid-dependent populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua B B Garfield
- Eastern Health Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing, and Health Sciences, Monash University, Level 2,5 Arnold Street, Box Hill, Victoria, 3128, Australia; Turning Point, Eastern Health, 54-62 Gertrude Street, Fitzroy, Victoria, 3065, Australia.
| | - Sue M Cotton
- Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, 35 Poplar Road, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia; Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, 35 Poplar Road, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia.
| | - Nicholas B Allen
- School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia; Department of Psychology, 1227 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, 97403, USA.
| | - Ali Cheetham
- Turning Point, Eastern Health, 54-62 Gertrude Street, Fitzroy, Victoria, 3065, Australia.
| | - Marni Kras
- Brain and Mental Health Laboratory, Monash Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.
| | - Murat Yücel
- Brain and Mental Health Laboratory, Monash Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.
| | - Dan I Lubman
- Eastern Health Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing, and Health Sciences, Monash University, Level 2,5 Arnold Street, Box Hill, Victoria, 3128, Australia; Turning Point, Eastern Health, 54-62 Gertrude Street, Fitzroy, Victoria, 3065, Australia.
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33
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Krämer B, Diekhof EK, Gruber O. Effects of city living on the mesolimbic reward system-An fmri study. Hum Brain Mapp 2017; 38:3444-3453. [PMID: 28397390 PMCID: PMC6866977 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.23600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Revised: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Based on higher prevalence rates of several mental disorders for city dwellers, psychosocial stress effects of urban living have been proposed as an environmental risk factor contributing to the development of mental disorders. Recently, it was shown that amygdala activation differs between city dwellers and rural residents in response to a cognitive-social stressor. Besides its influence on the amygdala, chronic stress also affects mesocorticolimbic brain regions involved in reward processing, and stress-related dysregulation of the mesocorticolimbic dopamine system is thought to contribute to onset and manifestation of psychiatric disorders. Here, we investigated differences in reward systems functioning in 147 healthy subjects living either in cities or in less urban areas by means of functional magnetic resonance imaging during performance of the desire-reason-dilemma paradigm, which permits a targeted investigation of bottom-up activation and top-down regulation of the reward circuit. Compared with subjects from less urban areas, city dwellers showed an altered activation and modulation capability of the midbrain (VTA) dopamine system. City dwellers also revealed increased responses in other brain regions involved in reward processing and in the regulation of stress and emotions, such as amygdala, orbitofrontal, and pregenual anterior cingulate cortex. These results provide further evidence for effects of an urban environment on the mesolimbic dopamine system and the limbic system which may increase the risk to develop mental disorders. Hum Brain Mapp 38:3444-3453, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernd Krämer
- Section for Experimental Psychopathology and NeuroimagingDepartment of General Psychiatry, Heidelberg UniversityHeidelbergGermany
- Center for Translational Research in Systems Neuroscience and PsychiatryDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical CenterGöttingenGermany
| | - Esther K. Diekhof
- Center for Translational Research in Systems Neuroscience and PsychiatryDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical CenterGöttingenGermany
- University Hamburg, Grindel Biocenter and Zoological Museum, Institute for HumanbiologyHamburgGermany
| | - Oliver Gruber
- Section for Experimental Psychopathology and NeuroimagingDepartment of General Psychiatry, Heidelberg UniversityHeidelbergGermany
- Center for Translational Research in Systems Neuroscience and PsychiatryDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical CenterGöttingenGermany
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Levinson AR, Speed BC, Infantolino ZP, Hajcak G. Reliability of the electrocortical response to gains and losses in the doors task. Psychophysiology 2017; 54:601-607. [PMID: 28072462 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.12813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The ability to differentiate between rewards and losses is critical for motivated action, and aberrant reward and loss processing has been associated with psychopathology. The reward positivity (RewP) and feedback negativity (FN) are ERPs elicited by monetary gains and losses, respectively, and are promising individual difference measures. However, few studies have reported on the psychometric properties of the RewP and FN-crucial characteristics necessary for valid individual difference measures. The current study examined the internal consistency and 1-week test-retest reliability of the RewP and FN as elicited by the doors task among 59 young adults. The RewP, FN, and their difference score (ΔRewP) all showed significant correlations between Time 1 and Time 2. The RewP and FN also achieved acceptable internal consistency at both time points within 20 trials using both Cronbach's α and a generalizability theory-derived dependability measure. Internal consistency for ΔRewP was notably weaker at both time points, which is expected from two highly intercorrelated constituent scores. In conclusion, the RewP and FN have strong psychometric properties in a healthy adult sample. Future research is needed to assess the psychometric properties of these ERPs in different age cohorts and in clinical populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda R Levinson
- Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Brittany C Speed
- Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | | | - Greg Hajcak
- Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
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Human Choice Strategy Varies with Anatomical Projections from Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex to Medial Striatum. J Neurosci 2016; 36:2857-67. [PMID: 26961942 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2033-15.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Two distinct systems, goal-directed and habitual, support decision making. It has recently been hypothesized that this distinction may arise from two computational mechanisms, model-based and model-free reinforcement learning, neuronally implemented in frontostriatal circuits involved in learning and behavioral control. Here, we test whether the relative strength of anatomical connectivity within frontostriatal circuits accounts for variation in human individuals' reliance on model-based and model-free control. This hypothesis was tested by combining diffusion tensor imaging with a multistep decision task known to distinguish model-based and model-free control in humans. We found large interindividual differences in the degree of model-based control, and those differences are predicted by the structural integrity of white-matter tracts from the ventromedial prefrontal cortex to the medial striatum. Furthermore, an analysis based on masking out of bottom-up tracts suggests that this effect is driven by top-down influences from ventromedial prefrontal cortex to medial striatum. Our findings indicate that individuals with stronger afferences from the ventromedial prefrontal cortex to the medial striatum are more likely to rely on a model-based strategy to control their instrumental actions. These findings suggest a mechanism for instrumental action control through which medial striatum determines, at least partly, the relative contribution of model-based and model-free systems during decision-making according to top-down model-based information from the ventromedial prefrontal cortex. These findings have important implications for understanding the neural circuitry that might be susceptible to pathological computational processes in impulsive/compulsive psychiatric disorders.
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Corral-Frías NS, Nadel L, Fellous JM, Jacobs WJ. Behavioral and self-reported sensitivity to reward are linked to stress-related differences in positive affect. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2016; 66:205-13. [PMID: 26829710 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2016.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Revised: 01/09/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Despite the high prevalence of stress exposure healthy adaptation or resilience is a common response. Theoretical work and recent empirical evidence suggest that a robust reward system, in part, supports healthy adaptation by preserving positive emotions even under exceptionally stressful circumstances. We tested this prediction by examining empirical relations among behavioral and self-reported measures of sensitivity to reward, trait resilience, and measures of affect in the context of experimentally induced stress. Using a quasi-experimental design we obtained measures of sensitivity to reward (self-report and behavioral), as well as affective and physiological responses to experimental psychosocial stress in a sample of 140 healthy college-age participants. We used regression-based moderation and mediational models to assess associations among sensitivity to reward, affect in the context of stress, and trait resilience and found that an interaction between exposure to experimental stress and self-reported sensitivity to reward predicted positive affect following experimental procedure. Participants with high sensitivity to reward reported higher positive affect following stress. Moreover, positive affect during or after stress mediated the relation between sensitivity to reward and trait resilience. Consistent with the prediction that a robust reward system serves as a protective factor against stress-related negative outcomes, our results found predictive associations among sensitivity to reward, positive affect, and resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lynn Nadel
- Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Jean-Marc Fellous
- Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA; Program in Applied Mathematics, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - W Jake Jacobs
- Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
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Sonuga-Barke EJS, Cortese S, Fairchild G, Stringaris A. Annual Research Review: Transdiagnostic neuroscience of child and adolescent mental disorders--differentiating decision making in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, conduct disorder, depression, and anxiety. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2016; 57:321-49. [PMID: 26705858 PMCID: PMC4762324 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.12496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ineffective decision making is a major source of everyday functional impairment and reduced quality of life for young people with mental disorders. However, very little is known about what distinguishes decision making by individuals with different disorders or the neuropsychological processes or brain systems underlying these. This is the focus of the current review. SCOPE AND METHODOLOGY We first propose a neuroeconomic model of the decision-making process with separate stages for the prechoice evaluation of expected utility of future options; choice execution and postchoice management; the appraisal of outcome against expectation; and the updating of value estimates to guide future decisions. According to the proposed model, decision making is mediated by neuropsychological processes operating within three domains: (a) self-referential processes involved in autobiographical reflection on past, and prospection about future, experiences; (b) executive functions, such as working memory, inhibition, and planning, that regulate the implementation of decisions; and (c) processes involved in value estimation and outcome appraisal and learning. These processes are underpinned by the interplay of multiple brain networks, especially medial and lateralized cortical components of the default mode network, dorsal corticostriatal circuits underpinning higher order cognitive and behavioral control, and ventral frontostriatal circuits, connecting to brain regions implicated in emotion processing, that control valuation and learning processes. FINDINGS AND CONCLUSION Based on clinical insights and considering each of the decision-making stages in turn, we outline disorder-specific hypotheses about impaired decision making in four childhood disorders: attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), conduct disorder (CD), depression, and anxiety. We hypothesize that decision making in ADHD is deficient (i.e. inefficient, insufficiently reflective, and inconsistent) and impulsive (biased toward immediate over delayed alternatives). In CD, it is reckless and insensitive to negative consequences. In depression, it is disengaged, perseverative, and pessimistic, while in anxiety, it is hesitant, risk-averse, and self-deprecating. A survey of current empirical indications related to these disorder-specific hypotheses highlights the limited and fragmentary nature of the evidence base and illustrates the need for a major research initiative in decision making in childhood disorders. The final section highlights a number of important additional general themes that need to be considered in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edmund J S Sonuga-Barke
- Developmental Brain-Behaviour Laboratory, Academic Unit of Psychology, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Samuele Cortese
- Developmental Brain-Behaviour Laboratory, Academic Unit of Psychology, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Child Study Center at NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Graeme Fairchild
- Developmental Brain-Behaviour Laboratory, Academic Unit of Psychology, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Argyris Stringaris
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
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The impact of an unpredictable context and intolerance of uncertainty on the electrocortical response to monetary gains and losses. COGNITIVE AFFECTIVE & BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE 2015; 16:153-63. [DOI: 10.3758/s13415-015-0382-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Perceived life stress exposure modulates reward-related medial prefrontal cortex responses to acute stress in depression. J Affect Disord 2015; 180:104-11. [PMID: 25898329 PMCID: PMC4451940 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2015.03.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Major depressive disorder (MDD) is often precipitated by life stress and growing evidence suggests that stress-induced alterations in reward processing may contribute to such risk. However, no human imaging studies have examined how recent life stress exposure modulates the neural systems that underlie reward processing in depressed and healthy individuals. METHODS In this proof-of-concept study, 12 MDD and 10 psychiatrically healthy individuals were interviewed using the Life Events and Difficulties Schedule (LEDS) to assess their perceived levels of recent acute and chronic life stress exposure. Additionally, each participant performed a monetary incentive delay task under baseline (no-stress) and stress (social-evaluative) conditions during functional MRI. RESULTS Across groups, medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) activation to reward feedback was greater during acute stress versus no-stress conditions in individuals with greater perceived stressor severity. Under acute stress, depressed individuals showed a positive correlation between perceived stressor severity levels and reward-related mPFC activation (r=0.79, p=0.004), whereas no effect was found in healthy controls. Moreover, for depressed (but not healthy) individuals, the correlations between the stress (r=0.79) and no-stress (r=-0.48) conditions were significantly different. Finally, relative to controls, depressed participants showed significantly reduced mPFC gray matter, but functional findings remained robust while accounting for structural differences. LIMITATION Small sample size, which warrants replication. CONCLUSION Depressed individuals experiencing greater recent life stress recruited the mPFC more under stress when processing rewards. Our results represent an initial step toward elucidating mechanisms underlying stress sensitization and recurrence in depression.
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Abstract
Emerging evidence implicates the midbrain dopamine system and its interactions with the lateral habenula in processing aversive information and learning to avoid negative outcomes. We examined neural responses to unexpected, aversive events using methods specialized for imaging the midbrain and habenula in humans. Robust activation to aversive relative to neutral events was observed in the habenula and two regions within the ventral midbrain: one located within the ventral tegmental area (VTA) and the other in the substantia nigra (SN). Aversive processing increased functional connectivity between the VTA and the habenula, putamen, and medial prefrontal cortex, whereas the SN exhibited a different pattern of functional connectivity. Our findings provide evidence for a network comprising the VTA and SN, the habenula, and mesocorticolimbic structures that supports processing aversive events in humans.
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Riga D, Matos MR, Glas A, Smit AB, Spijker S, Van den Oever MC. Optogenetic dissection of medial prefrontal cortex circuitry. Front Syst Neurosci 2014; 8:230. [PMID: 25538574 PMCID: PMC4260491 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2014.00230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Accepted: 11/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) is critically involved in numerous cognitive functions, including attention, inhibitory control, habit formation, working memory and long-term memory. Moreover, through its dense interconnectivity with subcortical regions (e.g., thalamus, striatum, amygdala and hippocampus), the mPFC is thought to exert top-down executive control over the processing of aversive and appetitive stimuli. Because the mPFC has been implicated in the processing of a wide range of cognitive and emotional stimuli, it is thought to function as a central hub in the brain circuitry mediating symptoms of psychiatric disorders. New optogenetics technology enables anatomical and functional dissection of mPFC circuitry with unprecedented spatial and temporal resolution. This provides important novel insights in the contribution of specific neuronal subpopulations and their connectivity to mPFC function in health and disease states. In this review, we present the current knowledge obtained with optogenetic methods concerning mPFC function and dysfunction and integrate this with findings from traditional intervention approaches used to investigate the mPFC circuitry in animal models of cognitive processing and psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danai Riga
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, Vrije University Amsterdam Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Mariana R Matos
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, Vrije University Amsterdam Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Annet Glas
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, Vrije University Amsterdam Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - August B Smit
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, Vrije University Amsterdam Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Sabine Spijker
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, Vrije University Amsterdam Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Michel C Van den Oever
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, Vrije University Amsterdam Amsterdam, Netherlands
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Morgado P, Sousa N, Cerqueira JJ. The impact of stress in decision making in the context of uncertainty. J Neurosci Res 2014; 93:839-47. [PMID: 25483118 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.23521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Revised: 09/16/2014] [Accepted: 10/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
For a number of decades, different fields of knowledge, including psychology, economics, and neurosciences, have focused their research efforts on a better understanding of the decision-making process. Making decisions based on the probability of future events is routine in everyday life; it occurs whenever individuals select an option from several alternatives, each one associated with a specific value. Sometimes subjects decide knowing the precise outcomes of each option, but commonly they have to decide without knowing the consequences (because either ambiguity or risk is involved). Stress has a broad impact on animal behaviors, affects brain regions involved in decision-making processes, and, when maladaptive, is a trigger for neuropsychiatric disorders. This Mini-Review provides a comprehensive overview on how stress impacts decision-making processes, particularly under uncertain conditions. Understanding this can prove to be useful for intervention related to impairments to decision-making processes that present in several stress-triggered neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Morgado
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal and ICVS-3Bs PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
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Boecker R, Holz NE, Buchmann AF, Blomeyer D, Plichta MM, Wolf I, Baumeister S, Meyer-Lindenberg A, Banaschewski T, Brandeis D, Laucht M. Impact of early life adversity on reward processing in young adults: EEG-fMRI results from a prospective study over 25 years. PLoS One 2014; 9:e104185. [PMID: 25118701 PMCID: PMC4131910 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0104185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2014] [Accepted: 07/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Several lines of evidence have implicated the mesolimbic dopamine reward pathway in altered brain function resulting from exposure to early adversity. The present study examined the impact of early life adversity on different stages of neuronal reward processing later in life and their association with a related behavioral phenotype, i.e. attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). 162 healthy young adults (mean age = 24.4 years; 58% female) from an epidemiological cohort study followed since birth participated in a simultaneous EEG-fMRI study using a monetary incentive delay task. Early life adversity according to an early family adversity index (EFA) and lifetime ADHD symptoms were assessed using standardized parent interviews conducted at the offspring's age of 3 months and between 2 and 15 years, respectively. fMRI region-of-interest analysis revealed a significant effect of EFA during reward anticipation in reward-related areas (i.e. ventral striatum, putamen, thalamus), indicating decreased activation when EFA increased. EEG analysis demonstrated a similar effect for the contingent negative variation (CNV), with the CNV decreasing with the level of EFA. In contrast, during reward delivery, activation of the bilateral insula, right pallidum and bilateral putamen increased with EFA. There was a significant association of lifetime ADHD symptoms with lower activation in the left ventral striatum during reward anticipation and higher activation in the right insula during reward delivery. The present findings indicate a differential long-term impact of early life adversity on reward processing, implicating hyporesponsiveness during reward anticipation and hyperresponsiveness when receiving a reward. Moreover, a similar activation pattern related to lifetime ADHD suggests that the impact of early life stress on ADHD may possibly be mediated by a dysfunctional reward pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina Boecker
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, CIMH Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Nathalie E. Holz
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, CIMH Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Arlette F. Buchmann
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, CIMH Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Dorothea Blomeyer
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, CIMH Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Michael M. Plichta
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, CIMH Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Isabella Wolf
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, CIMH Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- Department of Neuroimaging, CIMH Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Sarah Baumeister
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, CIMH Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Andreas Meyer-Lindenberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, CIMH Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Tobias Banaschewski
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, CIMH Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Daniel Brandeis
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, CIMH Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Zurich, Zurich, Germany
- Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Germany
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Germany
| | - Manfred Laucht
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, CIMH Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- Department of Psychology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
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Rahdar A, Galván A. The cognitive and neurobiological effects of daily stress in adolescents. Neuroimage 2014; 92:267-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2014.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2013] [Revised: 01/29/2014] [Accepted: 02/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
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Kumar P, Berghorst LH, Nickerson LD, Dutra SJ, Goer FK, Greve DN, Pizzagalli DA. Differential effects of acute stress on anticipatory and consummatory phases of reward processing. Neuroscience 2014; 266:1-12. [PMID: 24508744 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2014.01.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2014] [Revised: 01/27/2014] [Accepted: 01/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Anhedonia is one of the core symptoms of depression and has been linked to blunted responses to rewarding stimuli in striatal regions. Stress, a key vulnerability factor for depression, has been shown to induce anhedonic behavior, including reduced reward responsiveness in both animals and humans, but the brain processes associated with these effects remain largely unknown in humans. Emerging evidence suggests that stress has dissociable effects on distinct components of reward processing, as it has been found to potentiate motivation/'wanting' during the anticipatory phase but reduce reward responsiveness/'liking' during the consummatory phase. To examine the impact of stress on reward processing, we used a monetary incentive delay (MID) task and an acute stress manipulation (negative performance feedback) in conjunction with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Fifteen healthy participants performed the MID task under no-stress and stress conditions. We hypothesized that stress would have dissociable effects on the anticipatory and consummatory phases in reward-related brain regions. Specifically, we expected reduced striatal responsiveness during reward consumption (mirroring patterns previously observed in clinical depression) and increased striatal activation during reward anticipation consistent with non-human findings. Supporting our hypotheses, significant Phase (Anticipation/Consumption)×Stress (Stress/No-stress) interactions emerged in the putamen, nucleus accumbens, caudate and amygdala. Post hoc tests revealed that stress increased striatal and amygdalar activation during anticipation but decreased striatal activation during consumption. Importantly, stress-induced striatal blunting was similar to the profile observed in clinical depression under baseline (no-stress) conditions in prior studies. Given that stress is a pivotal vulnerability factor for depression, these results offer insight to better understand the etiology of this prevalent disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Kumar
- Center for Depression, Anxiety and Stress Research, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, MA, USA.
| | - L H Berghorst
- Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - L D Nickerson
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, MA, USA; McLean Imaging Center, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - S J Dutra
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - F K Goer
- Center for Depression, Anxiety and Stress Research, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - D N Greve
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - D A Pizzagalli
- Center for Depression, Anxiety and Stress Research, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, MA, USA; McLean Imaging Center, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA.
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Abstract
Abstract
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